PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM ...PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM SUGARCANE FOR TEXTILE...
Transcript of PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM ...PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM SUGARCANE FOR TEXTILE...
PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM SUGARCANE FOR
TEXTILE USE
Davina MICHEL1
J.Y. DREAN1, O.HARZALLAH1, B.BACHELIER² 1LPMT/CNRS EAC 7189 –UHA 11 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse CEDEX
² CIRAD, Unité de recherché Systèmes de culture annuels, TA B-102/02, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
June 11th, 2013
Laboratory of Textile Physics and Mechanics
LPMT Mulhouse
Mechanics of fibrous materials
Fibers and interface
Physical and Mechanical
properties of coating
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Devant
Dos
.
. H01
Tenue pour personnel hospitalier, soignant et libéral
Summary
Introduction to the plant
Fiber extraction process
Mechanical Characterization
Applications
Conclusion & Outlines
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Introduction to the plant
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• Saccharum Officinarum from New Guinea
• Family: Poaceae (graminae)
• Introduced in 1493
in Caribbean islands by Cristophus Colombus
• 12 months culture, in tropical area
• Climatic conditions
▫ Sun
▫ Water
▫ Soil element
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• World production 2012
▫ 1290 million tones of cane stalk
▫ 413 million tones of bagasse
• Production in Martinique
▫ 202 ktons/year
35% sugar mill le Galion
65% alcohol mill (9x)
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Chemical composition of sugarcane
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Components Sugarcane Bagasse
Cellulose 32-48% 43-45%
Hemicellulose 27-32% 25-27%
Lignin 19-24% 20-22%
Ash 1.4% 2.6%
Hemicellulose, lignin, pectins
Microfibrills Cristallin zone
Amorphous zone
Cellulosic chains
Gap
Bagasse solubility
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Solubility Bagasse
in water (25°C) 2.05%
in hot water (100°C) 3.4%
In 1% soda (100°C) 31.1%
Extraction method of fibres
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STEAM EXPLOSION
ENZYMATIC
KRAFT PROCESS
RETTING
MECANICAL EXTRACTION
STRIPPING
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Bagasse from sugar mill
Crushed cane
Rind cane
Prehydrolisis
NaOH 2N
Prehydrolisis
NaOH 0.1N
Prehydrolisis
NaOH 1N
Chemical Extraction
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Characterization
Bending Rigidity by using Kawabata single hair tester
Tenacity by using Tensile Dynamometer tester MTS
Scanning electron microscope SEM
Standard conditions 20°C, 65 %HR
1N NaOH 0.1N NaOH
With prehydrolysis
BPS-1N BPD-0.1N
Without prehydrolysis
B-1N B-0.1N
Prehydrolysis Alkaline cooking
Washing
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• The amount of lignin removed depends of the severity of the treatment
BPS-1N BPD-0.1N
B-0.1N B-1N
1 N NaOH 0.1 N NaOH
With prehydrolysis
Without prehydrolysis
Fiber fineness
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Bagasse fibres Mean Length
(mm)
Fiber fineness
(tex)
BPS-1N fibres 29.8 ± 6.7 32 ± 24
B-1N fibres 37.7 ± 9.9 35.0 ± 21
BPD-0.1N fibres 45.6 ± 16.3 38.7 ± 28
B-0.1N fibres 37.6 ± 9.7 49.0 ± 32
* CV% is over 50% for all treatments
Bending Rigidity
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KAWABATA KES FB2-SH Tester
Bending Rigidity
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-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
-4 -2 0 2 4
-1,5
-1
-0,5
0
0,5
1
1,5
-2 -1 0 1 2
M (
gf.
cm
/cm
) K (cm-1) M
(g
f.c
m/c
m)
Bending Rigidity
Dependency of the bending rigidity with the alkaline concentration
High Bending hysteresis value corresponds to the low elastic recuperation
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Bagasse fibres Bending rigidity
gf.cm²/fiber bundle
Bending hysteresis
gf.cm/fiber bundle
BPS-1N 0.027 ± 0.03 0.056 ± 0.03
B-1N 0.116 ± 0.122 0.165 ± 0.166
BPD-0.1N 0.190 ± 0.184 0.200 ± 0.151
B-0.1N - -
Tensile properties
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0
2
4
6
8
10
0 0,5 1 1,5 2
Te
na
cit
y c
N/t
ex
Extension %
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 1 2 3 4
Te
na
cit
y c
N/t
ex
Extension %
BPS-1N fibers B-1N fibers
Tensile properties
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Tenacity decreases when the alkaline concentration increases
Extension to break are common to other natural fibers
Bagasse fibres Tenacity
(cN/tex)
Extension to
break (%)
BPS-1N fibres 7 ± 4.4 2 ± 1.3
B-1N fibres 11 ± 6.3 4± 4.3
BPD-0.1N fibres 14 ± 3.8 4± 1.8
B-0.1N fibres 22 ± 11.7 3 ± 1.0
Applications of bagasse
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Panels
Ciment-Bagasse planks and boards
Dietary packeging
Combustible
Composites material
Paper for newspaper
Rayon Pulp
… For clothes?
Yarn from sugarcane bagasse
By classical spinning
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•70% extracted bagasse fibers •30% cotton fiber
4000 Tex
Wet material
Yarn made from sugarcane bagasse
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810 Tex
Conclusions and Perspectives
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Alkaline concentration most effective parameter
Heterogeneous fibers are obtained
Classical spinning is not adapted
Fibers can be used for technical textile
Improvement of the extraction process
Fiber dimension can be controlled
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Fondation
Spiegle