PREPARATION OF DRUGS ACCORDING TO

PANCHABHAUTIK CHIKITSAVAIDYA ANIRUDDHA S. KULKARNI

MIRAJ

FOUR PILLARS OF TREATMENT

•VAIDYA•PATIENT•ATTENDANT•DRUG

ORIGINS OF DRUGS•HERBAL•MINERAL – FROM EARTH

AND OCEAN•METALS•ANIMAL ORIGIN

BASIC RULES OF DRUG PREPARATIONS

• EMERGENCE AND SETTING OF AGASTI NAKSHATRA

• USE OF HUMAN POWER IS PREFERRED OVER MECHANICAL POWER

• USE OF BRASS VESSELS TREATED WITH TIN (NO USE OF STAINLESS STEEL)

• OCCASSIONAL USE OF IRON MORTARS AND VESSELS

• WHILE MIXING THE INGREDIENTS, CHRONOLOGY IS IMPORTANT

SWARASA - EXPRESSED JUICE

•MULAKA•BHRINGARAJA

KWATHA - DECOCTIONS•MAHAMNJITSTHADI• NAGARADI• PHALATRIKADI• PARIPATHADI• RAKTDABA

HIMA – COLD INFUSIONS

•DHANYAKA

PHANTA – HOT INFUSION

• JATAMANSI• JINGI SHARADI

RASAKRIYA• KWATHA PREPARATIONS ARE ONE AMONG THE PANCHAVIDHA

KASHAYA KALPANA WHICH ARE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE, BUT THEY ARE TO BE USED WHEN FRESHLY PREPARED AND THEY ARE OFTEN OVERLOOKED DUE TO THE PREPARATION METHOD AND PALATABILITY.

• THE CRUDE DRUGS ARE CRUSHED TO A COARSE POWDER SEPARATELY AND THEN MIXED THOROUGHLY WITH 8 PARTS OF WATER IN A CONTAINER AND THEN CONTINUOUS MILD HEAT IS APPLIED UNTIL IT IS REDUCED TO ONE-FOURTH OF ITS INITIAL QUANTITY. DURING THE HEATING PROCESS, CONTINUOUS STIRRING IS DONE TO FACILITATE THE EVAPORATION AND AVOID ANY DETERIORATION DUE TO BURNING OF MATERIALS. AFTER A DESIRABLE REDUCTION IN VOLUME IS ACHIEVED, THE KWATHA IS FILTERED THROUGH SINGLE FOLDED COTTON CLOTH AND COLLECTED IN A SEPARATE VESSEL.

RASAKRIYA…• THEN, THE KWATHA IS BOILED AGAIN OVER SLOW

FIRE ON A GAS STOVE, MAINTAINING THE TEMPERATURE BETWEEN 90°C AND 95°C TILL A SEMISOLID CONSISTENCY IS OBTAINED. AS THE WATER EVAPORATES, THE VISCOSITY OF THE EXTRACT INCREASES, RESULTING IN GHANA FORM. THEN, THE GHANA IS MIXED WITH THE CHURNA OF INGREDIENTS FURTHER FORMING A SOLID MASS.

• CHATURTHAKA YOGA• PATHYADI YOGA

SNEHA KALPANA – PROCESSED OIL/GHEE

• SNEHA KALPANA/PAKA MAY BE DEFINED AS “A PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESS TO PREPARE OLEAGINOUS MEDICAMENTS FROM THE SUBSTANCES LIKE KALKA (HERBAL PASTE OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF BOTANICALS), KWATHA (SPECIFICALLY PREPARED DECOCTION IN ACCORDANCE OF AYURVEDIC PRINCIPLES) OR DRAVA DRAVYA (ANY OTHER LIQUID SUCH AS MILK, SELF EXPRESSED JUICES, MEAT JUICE, ETC.) TAKEN IN SPECIFIC PROPORTION AND BY SUBJECTING THEM TO UNIQUE HEATING PATTERN AND DURATION TO FULFILL CERTAIN PHARMACEUTICAL PARAMETERS, ACCORDING TO THE NEED OF THERAPEUTICS.”

SNEHA KALPANA• ACCORDING TO SHARANGDHAR SAMHITA, SNEHA

KALPANA MAY BE DEFINED AS “THE MEDICAMENT PREPARED BY USING ONE PART OF KALKA DRAVYA (PASTE OF INDICATED HERBAL INGREDIENTS), FOUR PARTS OF OIL/GHEE (COMMONLY SESAME OIL/COW GHEE) AND SIXTEEN PARTS OF DRAVA DRAVYA (LIQUID MEDIA MOSTLY KWATHA - DECOCTION OF HERBS).” DRAVA DRAVYA MAY BE OTHER THAN KWATH SUCH AS JALA (WATER), SWARASA (SELF-EXPRESSED HERBAL JUICE), KANJI (FERMENTED HERBAL BEVERAGE), MANSA RASA (MEAT JUICE), GOMUTRA (COW URINE), ETC.

SNEHA KALPANA• WHEN PAKA (PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESS FOR

PREPARATION OF MEDICATED OIL/GHEE IN WHICH INDIVIDUALIZED HEATING PROCESS IS ADOPTED AS PER INGREDIENT OF FORMULATION) IS MENTIONED BY ONLY KALKA DRAVYAS, THEN WATER SHOULD BE ADDED FOUR TIMES OF SNEHA TO REPLACE THE DRAVA. WHEN PAKA MENTIONED BY ONLY KWATHA DRAVYA, THEN KALKA SHOULD BE PREPARED BY DRUGS OF KWATHA AND SHOULD BE USED.

TAILA - GHEE SIDDHI LAKSHANAS

• SNEHA SIDDHI LAKSHANA (COMPLETION TEST FOR CHIEF DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS) LIKE GANDHA-VARNA-RASOTPATTI (DESIRED SMELL, COLOR AND TASTE), SHABDAHINATA (NO CRACKING SOUND), PHENODGAMA (APPEARANCE OF FROTH) IN TAILA WHILE PHENOPASHAMA(DISAPPEARANCE OF FROTH) AND VARTIVAT KALKA (ROLLING OF PASTE OF HERBAL DRUGS BETWEEN FINGERS). FINALLY, THE MIXTURE WAS FILTERED WHEN HOT THROUGH MUSLIN CLOTH AND STORED IN AMBER COLORED BOTTLE UNTIL USE. ST WAS PREPARED IN THREE BATCHES.

SNEHA KALPANA - MURCHHANA

• IN CLASSICAL TEXTS MURCHHANA PROCESS ON OIL AND GHEE IS MENTIONED.

• OIL- BAD ODOR AND DISAGREEABLE TASTE• GHEE – AAM DOSHA I.E. HARD TO DIGEST• BUT, VD. DATARSHASTRI HAS NOT

MENTIONED ANY MURCHHANA PROCESS.• RAJANI TAILA• ANULOMAN TAILA

GUGGUL PREPARATIONS• IN TEXTS THREE TYPES ARE DESCRIBED• 1. SOMAPAKA – A. GUGGUL+SNEHA+ CHURNAS –

POUNDING• B. GUGGUL- HEAT UNTIL IT BECOMES SLIMY – ADD CHURNAS

AND TRITURATE• 2. SURYAPAKA – DISSOLVE GUGGUL IN A LIQUID – ADD

CHURNAS – DRY IN SUNLIGHT• 3. ANALAPAKA – ON LOW FLAME CONCENTRATE GUGGUL –

WHEN DULY THICK ADD CHURNAS AND MIX PROPERLY. CHURNAS SHOULD NOT BE COOKED. – THIS METHOD IS DESCRIBED BY VRINDA MADHAVA AND ADOPTED BY VD. DATARSHASTRI

MERCURY - PARADA• MERCURY EXTRACTED FROM PURIFIED

HINGULA SHOULD BE USED.• MERCURY SHOULD BE EXTRACTED BY

SUBLIMATION METHOD.• ATLEAST TWO SAMSKARAS NAMELY

MARDANA AND SWEDANA SHOULD BE DONE.

• VD. DATARSHASTRI ADVOCATED USE OF RASASINDURA IN PLACE OF HINGULA AS IT IS PROCESSED WITH SUBLIMATION.

MAHARASA• ABHRAKA – THREE TYPES –

SANTARPANA, APATARPANA AND TANKAN MARITA BHASMA.• MAKSHIK• SHILAJEETA• RASAKA

UPARASA•GANDHAKA•GAIRIKA•KASIS•HARATAL•MANAHSHELA

SADHARANA RASA

•NAVASAGARA•KAPARDA•HINGULA

DHATU - METALS• SUVARNA• RAJATA• TAMRA• LOHA• MANDUR• VANGA• NAGA• JASAD

SUDHA VARGA• MUKTASHUKTI• PRAVALA• KAPARDIKA• MRIGASHRINGA• SHANKHA• MAUKTIKA

RASAKALPAS• KHARALEEYA• KUPIPAKWA• PARPATI• VASANT• BHASMAS

VARANGAKA KSHARA• PLEEHODARA CHIKITSA BY CHARAKA• ACHARYA CHARAKA HAS NOT MENTIONED

PROCEDURE.• ACHARYA GANGADHARA HAS SUGGESTED

THAT ALL THE INGREDIENTS SHOULD POUNDED SIMULTANEOUSLY EXCEPT MILK AND SUBJECTED TO ANTARDHOOMA HEATING. THE KSHARA SHOULD BE CONSUMED WITH MILK.

VARANGAKA KSHARA• VD. DATARSHASTRI DISCOVERED HIS OWN METHOD.• TAKE VIDANGA, CHITRAKA, SUNTHI AND VEKHANDA, AND

CHOP THEM ALIKE. ADD GHEE AND MILK CAUTIOUSLY.• ADD FINE SAINDHAVA POWDER SO THAT IT STICKS WITH

OTHER INGREDIENTS.• CLOSE THE POT BY SANDHIBANDHANA AND START HEAT.• WHEN THE BOTTOM OF THE POT BECOMES RED TAKE OUT

THE POT AND ALLOW TO COOL.• TAKE IT OUT, MAKE POWDER AND USE.

KUPIPAKVA RASAYANA• SOMANATHI TAMRASINDURA AND SUVARNA

RAJ VANGESHWAR• VD. DATARSHASTRI HAS ELABORATED

MEASUREMENTS OF BHATTI WHICH IS LIKE GARBHAYANTRA RATHER THAN VALUKAYANTRA.

• HE ADVOCATES MAKING A HOLE AT THE BOTTOM OF CLAY POT.

• HE OPINED THAT CORKING OF KUPI SHOULDN’T BE DONE BEFORE STARTING TIVRAGNI

THANKS A LOT!!!