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PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS FROM PHENOLATED BIOMASS

WASTES

M. HAKKI ALMAKAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF FOREST

INDUSTRY ENGINEERING KAHRAMANMARAS, TURKEY

COST Action FP1105 WoodCellNet workshop in San SebastianPolytechnic School of San Sebastian, University of The

Basque Country26-27 May 2015

San Sebastian, Spain

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Carbon FiberActivated carbon fibers (ACFs)have been greatly used in many areas such as adsorption and separation, catalyst support, electronic materials due to superb features.ACFs have mainly been produced via carbonization of various fiber precursors, such as rayon, petroleum or coal based pitch, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and commercial phenol formaldeyde resin etc. However, limited reserves of these resources, the costs of processing and raw material supply, yield, environmental issues etc. bring with a necessity to improve the production of ACFs that highly depends on chemical materials .

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• Therefore, to solve these problems, utilization of biomass resources became an important issue and many techniques are being developed currently in order to use biomass resources effectively.

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Solvolysis Liquefaction Biomass is firstly converted bio-polyols by

thermochemically via solvolytic liquefaction, and then bio-polyols are used to produce useful green materials.

Solvents

• Glycerol• Ethylene

Glycol• Polyethylene

Glycol (PEG)• Phenol• Dioxane• Ethanol• Acetone

Catalysts

• Sulfuric Acid • Hydrochloric

Acid• Oxalic Acid• Phosphoric

Acid• NaOH• MgSO4

Heat

• 80-150 ˚C (With Catalysts)

• 240-270 ˚C (Without Catalysts)

Time-Pressure

• 60-150 min.• Atmospheric

pressure or high pressure

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Microwave AssistedConventional Glass Flask Pressure-proof Autoclave

Recently, wood is almost completely converted into useful liquid chemical raw by liquefaction technique in the phenol, which greatly improves the utilization of wood. Through liquefaction, phenolated (PW) biomass with high reactivity, has been widely used as chemical reagent for production of various materials .

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Conventional Liquefaction Set-up

Oil Bath

Heater

Cooling Apparatus

Mixer

Thermometer

Two Necked Glass Flask

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To expand the usage area of liquefied wood and obtain highly value added products, some scientists studied on carbon fibers and carbon fiber precursors from liquefied wood.With exception of wood, some biomass-based ACFs were also produced from renewable sources, such as bamboo, jute, cotton-stalk, etc. become popular as an alternative to petrochemical resources .On the other hand, in some of the studies, cellulose and lignin have been used as precursors for ACF production.

ACF Production from Liquefied Biomass

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• Liquefied Biomass

HMTA • 120-170 ˚C• Stirring 40 min

SpinningSolution

• Melt SpinningCured by

HCHO and HCl

• Carbonization• Activation with KOH

Carbon Fibers

HexamethylenetetramineFormaldehyde

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Liquefaction160 ° C, 2.5 h (Phenol,

H2SO4 or HCl)Curing

95 ° C, 4 hWashing with distilled

water90 ° C, 2 hActivation

800-1000 ° C40 min-2 h

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Thank You