Prepaid Energy Meter-2003_2
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Transcript of Prepaid Energy Meter-2003_2
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PREPAIDENERGY METER
Presented byB . SumalathaS . ManasalakshmiS.Rama sudhaB.Padamvathi
O.Swathi
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CONTENTS:
Introduction
Equipements used
Presently where it used
Block diagramWorking of the project
Software tools
Advantages
Applications
Scope for future advancements
Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION
An embedded system is a combination of software
and hardware to perform a dedicated task. Some ofthe main devices used in embedded products areMicroprocessors and Microcontrollers.
As everyone in this competitive world prefers to
make the things easy and simple to handle, thisproject sets an example to some extent.
This project enables the user to consume theelectricity based on the prepaid recharge card he
gets from the electrical department.A scheme of Electricity billing system called
PREPAID ENERGY METER WITH TARIFF INDICATOR .
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EQUIPMENT USED
The Major Equipment used here are:
o AT89S52 Microcontroller
o EEPROM
o Liquid Crystal Display(LCD)
o Relay
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PRESENTLYWHEREITUSED
In the UK, mechanical prepayment meters used to be
common in rented accommodation. In the UK, one system is the PayPoint network, where
rechargeable tokens (Quantum cards for natural gas, orplastic "keys" for electricity) can be loaded withwhatever money the customer has available.
In South Africa, Sudan and Northern Ireland prepaidmeters are recharged by entering a unique, encodedtwenty digit number using a keypad. This makes thetokens, essentially a slip of paper, very cheap to
produce.
Around the world, experiments are going on, especiallyin developing countries, to test pre-payment systems.
To make the system easily accessible by customers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPoint -
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AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER
8K Bytes of In-System Flash Memory 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources
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PIN DIAGRAM OF AT89S52
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PIN DESCRIPTION
Vcc
Pin 40 provides supply voltage to the chip. Thevoltage source is +5V.
GNDPin 20 is the ground.
RESET
Pin9 is the reset pin. It is an input and is active
high. Upon applying a high pulse to this pin, themicrocontroller will reset and terminate all theactivities. This is often referred to as a power-onreset.
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EEPROM(ELECTRICALLYERASABLEPROGRAMMABLE READONLYMEMORY)
The 24C04 is a 4Kbytes electrically erasableprogrammable memory (EEPROM), organized as 2blocks of 256 x8 bits. They are manufactured in STMicroelectronics
Hi-Endurance Advanced CMOS technology whichguarantees an endurance of one million erase/writecycles with a data retention of 40 years.
The memories are compatible with the I2C
standard, two wire serial interface which uses a bi-directional data bus and serial clock
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PINDIAGRAMOFEEPROM
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LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY(LCD)
In our project we will be using a LCD for displayingbalance . We will be using a 16x2 LCD for thispurpose.
We interface LCD with Micro Controller as shown
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RELAY
A relay is an electrically controllable switch widelyused in industrial controls, automobiles andappliances.
Fig: Circuit symbol of a relay
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RELAYOPERATION
Transistors and ICs must be protected from thebrief high voltage 'spike' produced when the relaycoil is switched off.
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POWER SUPPLIENG UNIT
This system uses 5V regulated power supply for themicrocontroller and ADC unit and 18V supply for the load.
This is provided by the 18V, 2Amp transformer.
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BUZZER
The buzzer subsystem produces an audible tonewhen powered.
Buzzers come in a variety of voltages and currents.The power supply for the buzzer (which can beseparate from the supply for the rest of theelectronics) must provide the voltage needed by thebuzzer.
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LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductorlight source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps inmany devices and are increasingly used for otherlighting.
. LEDs present many advantages over incandescentlight sources including lower energy consumption,longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size,and faster switching.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
RESET
16X2 LCD
BUZZER
EEPROM
SLOT FOR
RECHARGE
Crystal
Oscillator
RelayEnergy
Meter
Load
AT 89S52
MCU
230v/18v StepdownT/F
5V Regulatedsupply
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WORKING OF THE PROJECT
We can divide the working of the entire project intotwo major parts.
Where one is Loading the amount into the unit.
And the other is consumption of the amount anddisplaying that on a LCD.
In first part we insert the recharged card into theslot and load the amount into the unit.
And in the later one the ADC(Energy Meter)countsthe units utilized by the consumer and will convertthe analog data into digital data and will give to thecontroller.
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CONTD..,
Now the Micro Controller will decrease the amountfollowing the usage calculated according to the tariffprogrammed.
The net balance will be displayed in LCD.
This system is designed to provide a greateradvantage for producing voice based announcementfor the user. This APR9600 module continuouslyindicates the user with voice based announcements.
The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voicerecording, non-volatile storage, and playbackcapability for 40 to 60 seconds.
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SOFTWARE TOOLS
We use KEIL and PROLOAD softwares to write theprogram in embedded C language and to dump theprogram into the Micro Controller respectively.
KEIL
KEIL is a software used where the machine languagecode is written and compiled. After compilation, themachine source code is converted into hex codewhich is to be dumped into the microcontroller forfurther processing. KEIL compiler also supports C
language code.
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CONTD..,
PROLOAD
PROLOAD is a software which accepts only hexfiles.
Once the machine code is converted into hex code,that hex code has to be dumped into themicrocontroller placed in the programmer kit andthis is done by the PROLOAD.
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ADVANTAGES
Advantage for the electricity department as this unit canbe utilized effectively for preventing power theft, non-payment of electricity bills etc
Cost of manpower for billing / collection is reduced.
Sophisticated security
Better customer service
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APPLICATIONS
Banks
Offices
Industries
Jeweler Shops and Home Applications
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SCOPE FOR FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS
CARD SECURITY-Programming a PIN number to theEEPROM card to avoid un authorized usage of thecard.
INTERFACING A GSM-We can implement anadvancement to this system by interfacing a GSMmodem to the system so that we can get the balanceinformation to our mobile as well we can recharge it
from anywhere.
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CONCLUSION
Prepaid energy meter is a concept to minimize theElectricity theft with a cost efficient manner.
The users are not bound to pay excesses amount ofmoney , users have to pay according to theirrequirement .
It can reduces problem associated with billingconsumer living in isolated area and reducesdeployment of manpower for taking meter readings.
Prepaid energy meter is more reliable and userfriendly.
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