Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal DevelopmentChapter 5Chapter 5

The Developing ChildThe Developing ChildPriscilla EvansPriscilla Evans

DHSDHSTEKS: 1.A; 1.C; 1.D; 2.B TEKS: 1.A; 1.C; 1.D; 2.B

OutlineOutline5-1: The Developing Baby5-1: The Developing Baby5-2: A Closer Look at Conception5-2: A Closer Look at Conception 5-3: Problems in Prenatal 5-3: Problems in Prenatal

DevelopmentDevelopment5-4: Avoiding Dangers to the 5-4: Avoiding Dangers to the

Baby Baby

Section 5-1 ObjectivesSection 5-1 ObjectivesDistinguish among the three Distinguish among the three

stages of pregnancy.stages of pregnancy.Describe the prenatal Describe the prenatal

development during each stage development during each stage of pregnancy.of pregnancy.

Explain why changes affect a Explain why changes affect a woman during each stage of woman during each stage of pregnancy. pregnancy.

The Developing BabyThe Developing Baby Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal Development

a single cell grows and a single cell grows and develops into a human develops into a human being capable of lifebeing capable of life

Takes about 9 monthsTakes about 9 months

ConceptionConceptionOvumOvum – – a female cell or egga female cell or egg

Released once a month by one Released once a month by one of a woman’s ovariesof a woman’s ovaries

The egg moves through the The egg moves through the Fallopian tube to the Fallopian tube to the uterusuterus, , where the baby develops during where the baby develops during pregnancy.pregnancy.

Journey takes about 2-3 days.Journey takes about 2-3 days.

ConceptionConceptionThe egg meets, and is The egg meets, and is

fertilized by a fertilized by a spermsperm, , male male cellcell..

ConceptionConception – – when the when the ovum and sperm uniteovum and sperm unite

and pregnancy and pregnancy begins!!begins!!

Conception DiagramConception Diagram

ConceptionConceptionFertilization can take place only Fertilization can take place only

2-3 days after the ovum has 2-3 days after the ovum has been released.been released.

Sperm can live up to 7 days.Sperm can live up to 7 days.There’s a period of about 10 days There’s a period of about 10 days

each month during which a each month during which a female can become pregnant.female can become pregnant.

Baby’s DevelopmentBaby’s Development

Three Stages:Three Stages: ZygoteZygoteEmbryoEmbryo FetusFetus

Period of the ZygotePeriod of the ZygoteZygoteZygote – – fertilized eggfertilized eggLast about 2 weeksLast about 2 weeksAttaches itself to the lining of the Attaches itself to the lining of the

uterus and draws nourishment uterus and draws nourishment from the mother.from the mother.

Grows by cell divisionGrows by cell divisionThe size of a pinheadThe size of a pinhead

Period of the EmbryoPeriod of the Embryo Second stage Second stage

of pregnancyof pregnancy33rdrd – 8 – 8thth weeks weeks

of pregnancyof pregnancyGrows rapidlyGrows rapidly

5 – 6 weeks

Period of the EmbryoPeriod of the EmbryoFirst Stage: First Stage: Mass of cells develop into major Mass of cells develop into major

systems – heart, lungs, bones and systems – heart, lungs, bones and muscle.muscle.

Internal organs unable to function.Internal organs unable to function.Brain begins to take control of Brain begins to take control of

these body systems. these body systems.

Period of the EmbryoPeriod of the EmbryoSecond Stage:Second Stage:A sac filled with fluid forms A sac filled with fluid forms

around the embryo.around the embryo.Amniotic fluidAmniotic fluid – – protects the protects the

developing babydeveloping baby cushions it from falls or cushions it from falls or bumpsbumps

Period of the EmbryoPeriod of the EmbryoThird Stage:Third Stage:PlacentaPlacenta

TissueTissue Rich in blood vesselsRich in blood vessels Mother’s bloodstream Mother’s bloodstream carries food and oxygen carries food and oxygen herehere

Period of the EmbryoPeriod of the EmbryoFourth Stage:Fourth Stage: Umbilical cordUmbilical cord

Long tube that connects to Long tube that connects to the placentathe placenta

Carries food and oxygenCarries food and oxygen Provides nourishmentProvides nourishment Takes away waste productsTakes away waste products

Period of the FetusPeriod of the Fetus 88thth/9/9thth week – birth week – birth 44thth-5-5thth month – kicks and month – kicks and

other movements touch the other movements touch the wall of the uteruswall of the uterus

““Quickening” occursQuickening” occursAs the fetus grows, so does As the fetus grows, so does

the amniotic fluid.the amniotic fluid.

Period of the FetusPeriod of the Fetus The uterus expands, and the The uterus expands, and the

abdomen grows.abdomen grows. Just before delivery, the Just before delivery, the

amniotic fluid decreases.amniotic fluid decreases. Baby is in the fetal position.Baby is in the fetal position.

Period of the FetusPeriod of the Fetus By 7By 7thth month, fetus is capable month, fetus is capable

of living outside but not without of living outside but not without a medical help.a medical help.

The fetus gains weight rapidly.The fetus gains weight rapidly. Stores nutrients and builds Stores nutrients and builds

immunity to diseases and immunity to diseases and infections. infections.

Period of the FetusPeriod of the FetusIt can do surprising things!It can do surprising things!o Sucks its thumbSucks its thumbo CoughCougho SneezeSneezeo YawnYawno Kick Kick o HiccupHiccupo CryCry

Preparing for BirthPreparing for Birth99thth month month “ “ Lightening” Lightening” - the baby’s - the baby’s

weight seems to shift down and weight seems to shift down and the mother feels more the mother feels more comfortable in her upper comfortable in her upper abdomen.abdomen. the baby dropsthe baby drops might not occur until just before might not occur until just before labor labor

Preparing for BirthPreparing for Birth The fetus is upside down, the The fetus is upside down, the

head is nestled in the mother’s head is nestled in the mother’s pelvis.pelvis.

The baby is less activeThe baby is less active The mother’s skin and abdomen The mother’s skin and abdomen

muscles stretch.muscles stretch. After 37-42 weeks of preparation, After 37-42 weeks of preparation,

the baby is ready to be born.the baby is ready to be born.

Section 5-2 ObjectivesSection 5-2 Objectives Describe how personal Describe how personal

characteristics are inherited.characteristics are inherited. Explain the cause of multiple Explain the cause of multiple

births.births. Evaluate different possible Evaluate different possible

solutions for infertility.solutions for infertility.

The Genetic PackageThe Genetic Package Each person Each person inherits personal inherits personal

characteristics from characteristics from his/her parents.his/her parents.

The Genetic PackageThe Genetic PackageAt conception, every At conception, every

human baby receives human baby receives 46 46 chromosomes, chromosomes, tiny threadlike tiny threadlike particles on the particles on the nucleus of every cell.nucleus of every cell.

These chromosomes These chromosomes come in come in 2323 pairs. pairs.

The Genetic PackageThe Genetic Package Each chromosome has Each chromosome has

thousands of thousands of genes, the units genes, the units that determine the child’s that determine the child’s inherited characteristicsinherited characteristics..

For ever inherited For ever inherited characteristic, a person receives characteristic, a person receives two copies of one gene.two copies of one gene.

When both are the same, the When both are the same, the child has that characteristic.child has that characteristic.

The Genetic PackageThe Genetic PackageWhat happens if a person What happens if a person receives two different genes?receives two different genes?

dominantdominant – stronger gene – stronger gene recessiverecessive – weaker gene – weaker gene, it , it

will not be expressedwill not be expressed

Making a Unique PersonMaking a Unique Person Each sperm or egg cell contains Each sperm or egg cell contains

a different combination of genes.a different combination of genes. Personal traits are determined Personal traits are determined

by the particular combinations of by the particular combinations of genes brought together at genes brought together at conception.conception.

Making a Unique Person: Sex Making a Unique Person: Sex ChromosomesChromosomes

XX – egg cell/female – egg cell/female X or YX or Y – sperm/male – sperm/male XXXX = girl = girl XYXY = boy = boy

So who determines the sex of a So who determines the sex of a child?child?

THE FATHER!!THE FATHER!!

Multiple BirthsMultiple Births Identical Identical

began as one began as one zygote zygote

always the same always the same sexsex

have very similar have very similar characteristicscharacteristics

Multiple BirthsMultiple Births FraternalFraternal two eggs are released at the two eggs are released at the

same time and each is fertilized.same time and each is fertilized. they grow side by side in the they grow side by side in the

uterusuterus may be opposite sexesmay be opposite sexes

Multiple BirthsMultiple Births When more than two babies When more than two babies

are born, they may be identical are born, they may be identical or fraternal – or a combination.or fraternal – or a combination.

It depends on whether one It depends on whether one fertilized egg splits or more fertilized egg splits or more than one egg is fertilized at the than one egg is fertilized at the same time.same time.

Multiple BirthsMultiple Births In the U.S., about 2 ½ % of In the U.S., about 2 ½ % of

births are twins. births are twins. Fraternal twins occur 3 times Fraternal twins occur 3 times

more often than identical twins.more often than identical twins. Multiple births are happening Multiple births are happening

at a growing rate because at a growing rate because people are getting treatments.people are getting treatments.

InfertilityInfertility InfertilityInfertility – inability to – inability to

become pregnantbecome pregnant Couples may feel abnormal Couples may feel abnormal

and/or alone.and/or alone. Medical advances have helped Medical advances have helped

many of these couples.many of these couples.Surgery or medication may solve Surgery or medication may solve

the problem. the problem.

InfertilityInfertility Fertility drugs stimulates a Fertility drugs stimulates a

woman’s ovaries to release eggs.woman’s ovaries to release eggs.DrawbacksDrawbacks

lung problemslung problems abdominal painabdominal pain nauseanausea dizzinessdizziness multiple birthsmultiple births

Options for Infertile CouplesOptions for Infertile Couples AdoptionAdoption

couple legally takes all couple legally takes all responsibilities for raising a responsibilities for raising a child already bornchild already born

• Artificial inseminationArtificial insemination a doctor injects sperm into a a doctor injects sperm into a woman’s uterus with a special woman’s uterus with a special needleneedle

Options for Infertile CouplesOptions for Infertile Couples In vitro fertilizationIn vitro fertilization

a woman has damaged Fallopian a woman has damaged Fallopian tubes tubes

in a small glass, a doctor combines in a small glass, a doctor combines a mature egg from the woman and a mature egg from the woman and sperm from her husbandsperm from her husband

the doctor places the zygote in the the doctor places the zygote in the woman’s uteruswoman’s uterus

Options for Infertile CouplesOptions for Infertile Couples Ovum transferOvum transfer

this procedure uses an egg this procedure uses an egg taken from female donor taken from female donor and in vitro fertilizationand in vitro fertilization

it may used by women who it may used by women who lack ovaries or who has lack ovaries or who has inherited disordersinherited disorders

Options for Infertile CouplesOptions for Infertile Couples Surrogate motherSurrogate mother

substitutesubstitute mother is a woman who mother is a woman who becomes pregnant for another becomes pregnant for another couplecouple

she may carry a couple’s she may carry a couple’s fertilized egg, removed from the fertilized egg, removed from the mothermother

Options for Infertile CouplesOptions for Infertile Couples

• Surrogate cont.Surrogate cont.artificially inseminated w/ artificially inseminated w/ sperm from the husbandsperm from the husband

include legal include legal arrangements and must arrangements and must meet state lawsmeet state laws

Questions RaisedQuestions Raised Technology advances offer Technology advances offer

options options Not everyone thinks these Not everyone thinks these

alternatives are acceptable.alternatives are acceptable. The use of ovum The use of ovum

transfers/surrogate mothers is transfers/surrogate mothers is controversial.controversial.

Raises ethical questions. Raises ethical questions.

Section 5-3Section 5-3 Contrast miscarriage and Contrast miscarriage and

stillbirth.stillbirth. Identify some major birth Identify some major birth

defects.defects. Explain the 4 causes of birth Explain the 4 causes of birth

defects.defects.Describe how birth defects can be Describe how birth defects can be

diagnosed and prevented.diagnosed and prevented.

Losing a BabyLosing a BabyMiscarriageMiscarriage

baby dies baby dies beforebefore 20 weeks 20 weeks of pregnancyof pregnancy

StillbirthStillbirth baby dies baby dies afterafter 20 weeks of 20 weeks of pregnancypregnancy

Losing a BabyLosing a Baby As many as 20% of all As many as 20% of all

pregnancies end in a pregnancies end in a miscarriage.miscarriage.

These loses can be severe shocks These loses can be severe shocks and bring pain.and bring pain.

Parents go through the same grief Parents go through the same grief as does anyone who has had a as does anyone who has had a family member die. family member die.

Most couples are able to have a Most couples are able to have a successful pregnancy later. successful pregnancy later.

Types of Birth DefectsTypes of Birth Defects Birth DefectsBirth Defects – babies born with – babies born with

serious problems that threaten serious problems that threaten their health or ability to live.their health or ability to live.

About 3 out of every 100 children About 3 out of every 100 children born in the U.S. have a birth born in the U.S. have a birth defect.defect.

Some can be mild or can be Some can be mild or can be corrected. corrected.

Others result in severe lifelong Others result in severe lifelong disabilities or even death.disabilities or even death.

Types of Birth DefectsTypes of Birth Defects Some birth defects affect the Some birth defects affect the

shape or size of the body or shape or size of the body or of certain parts of the body. of certain parts of the body.

Not all birth defects are Not all birth defects are apparent. apparent.

Causes of Birth DefectsCauses of Birth Defects Scientist don’t yet Scientist don’t yet

understand the cause of understand the cause of about 60% of all birth defects.about 60% of all birth defects.

They have found four main They have found four main causes for birth defects.causes for birth defects.

Causes of Birth Defects: Causes of Birth Defects: Environmental Environmental

Many choices the mother makes Many choices the mother makes can affect the development of the can affect the development of the baby: baby: The nutritional balance of her The nutritional balance of her dietdiet

Diseases/infections the mother Diseases/infections the mother has during pregnancy.has during pregnancy.

Harmful substances the Harmful substances the mother takes in, including mother takes in, including alcohol, tobacco, and drugs.alcohol, tobacco, and drugs.

Causes of Birth Defects: Causes of Birth Defects: EnvironmentalEnvironmental

Some medicines that benefit Some medicines that benefit the mother, but which can the mother, but which can hurt the baby.hurt the baby.

Exposure to outside hazards Exposure to outside hazards such as radiation, especially such as radiation, especially early pregnancy.early pregnancy.

Causes of Birth Defects: Causes of Birth Defects: EnvironmentalEnvironmental

A father’s exposure to alcohol, A father’s exposure to alcohol, drugs, and other substances can drugs, and other substances can also affect the baby.also affect the baby.

Sperm take three months to Sperm take three months to develop.develop.

Alcohol , drugs, and tobacco affect Alcohol , drugs, and tobacco affect the way the sperm forms; they the way the sperm forms; they produce changes in the produce changes in the chromosomes.chromosomes.

Causes of Birth Defects: Causes of Birth Defects: EnvironmentalEnvironmental

Cocaine has been found to Cocaine has been found to adhere to the sperm and adhere to the sperm and affect the baby from the affect the baby from the moment of conception. moment of conception.

What responsibilities does a What responsibilities does a future father have? future father have?

Causes of Birth Defects: Causes of Birth Defects: HeredityHeredity

1,000’s of genes make up a 1,000’s of genes make up a genetic blueprint. genetic blueprint.

For each person about 5 or 6 For each person about 5 or 6 of the recessive genes are of the recessive genes are imperfect. imperfect.

A single copy of these genes A single copy of these genes will have no effect on the will have no effect on the development of the child.development of the child.

Causes of Birth Defects: Causes of Birth Defects: HeredityHeredity

Sometimes each parent Sometimes each parent passes on the same recessive passes on the same recessive defective gene. defective gene.

Sometimes a defective gene Sometimes a defective gene is dominant.is dominant.

In these cases, the baby may In these cases, the baby may develop a birth defect.develop a birth defect.

Causes of Birth Defects: Causes of Birth Defects: HeredityHeredity

Some inherited conditions Some inherited conditions affect only one sex.affect only one sex.

HemophiliaHemophilia – a condition – a condition that prevents the blood from that prevents the blood from clottingclotting

Color blindnessColor blindnessOnly affects MALESOnly affects MALES

Causes of Birth Defects: Causes of Birth Defects: Errors in ChromosomesErrors in Chromosomes

A few types of birth defects are A few types of birth defects are linked to a problem with the linked to a problem with the baby’s chromosomes.baby’s chromosomes.

There may be too many – or too There may be too many – or too few – chromosomes in each of few – chromosomes in each of the baby’s cells.the baby’s cells.

This is not a hereditary defect.This is not a hereditary defect.

Causes of Birth Defects: Causes of Birth Defects: Errors in ChromosomesErrors in Chromosomes

Down SyndromeDown Syndrome1in every 800 1in every 800 birthsbirths

Risks increase if Risks increase if the mother is 35 or the mother is 35 or olderolder

Child has an extra Child has an extra chromosome 21chromosome 21www.kidshealth.org/parent/medical/genetic/down_syndrome.html - 29k -

Causes of Birth Defects:Causes of Birth Defects:Interaction of Heredity & Interaction of Heredity &

EnvironmentEnvironmentResearchers think that the Researchers think that the

interactions of heredity and interactions of heredity and environment is probably the environment is probably the cause for cleft lip, cleft plate, cause for cleft lip, cleft plate, and spina bifida. and spina bifida.

Prevention & Diagnosis of Birth Prevention & Diagnosis of Birth DefectsDefects

Genetic CounselingGenetic CounselingIt does not tell people what to It does not tell people what to

do; it only explains the options do; it only explains the options and risksand risks

Family doctors can perform Family doctors can perform genetic counseling, but it is best genetic counseling, but it is best provided by a specialist.provided by a specialist.

Genetic counselors are trained to Genetic counselors are trained to understand genetic disorders.understand genetic disorders.

Prevention & Diagnosis of Birth Prevention & Diagnosis of Birth Defects: Genetic CounselingDefects: Genetic Counseling

Genetic counselors obtain a Genetic counselors obtain a complete record of the family’s complete record of the family’s medical history.medical history.

Patient/family members may be Patient/family members may be given physical examinations. given physical examinations.

When test/questionnaires are When test/questionnaires are completed, the counselor can completed, the counselor can usually tell the couple whether usually tell the couple whether genetic problems are present. genetic problems are present.

Prenatal TestPrenatal TestMore than 100 kinds of birth More than 100 kinds of birth

defects can now be defects can now be diagnosed.diagnosed.

Some test can alert the Some test can alert the physician to a condition in the physician to a condition in the baby that must be treated baby that must be treated before or immediately after before or immediately after birth. birth.

Prenatal TestPrenatal TestToday doctors use three Today doctors use three

procedures to make prenatal procedures to make prenatal diagnosis:diagnosis:

UltrasoundUltrasoundAmniocentesisAmniocentesisChorionic villi samplingChorionic villi sampling

Prenatal Test: UltrasoundPrenatal Test: UltrasoundUses sound waves to make as Uses sound waves to make as

video image of an unborn video image of an unborn baby to check for specific baby to check for specific health problems.health problems.

It show if the fetus is developing It show if the fetus is developing on schedule.on schedule.

Can confirm the due date or that Can confirm the due date or that twins are present. twins are present.

Prenatal Test: AmniocentesisPrenatal Test: AmniocentesisIs the process of Is the process of

withdrawing a sample of the withdrawing a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding amniotic fluid surrounding an unborn baby and testing an unborn baby and testing that fluid for indications of that fluid for indications of specific birth defects or specific birth defects or other health problems.other health problems.

Prenatal Test: AmniocentesisPrenatal Test: AmniocentesisMost often used as a test for Most often used as a test for

Down Syndrome when a Down Syndrome when a mother is over the age of 35.mother is over the age of 35.

About 1:200 women who About 1:200 women who have had amniocentesis have have had amniocentesis have a miscarriage. a miscarriage.

Prenatal Test: Chorionic Villi Prenatal Test: Chorionic Villi SamplingSampling

Tests for specific birth Tests for specific birth defects by sampling small defects by sampling small amounts of tissue from the amounts of tissue from the membrane that encases the membrane that encases the fetus.fetus.

A doctor inserts a small tube A doctor inserts a small tube through the vagina into the through the vagina into the uterus. uterus.

Sample of tissues are snipped or Sample of tissues are snipped or suctioned off for analysissuctioned off for analysis. .

Prenatal Test: Chorionic Villi Prenatal Test: Chorionic Villi SamplingSampling

Is used to test for the same Is used to test for the same disorders as amniocentesis. disorders as amniocentesis.

The advantage is that it can The advantage is that it can be done earlier in a be done earlier in a pregnancy.pregnancy.

Risks are much greaterRisks are much greater

Section 5-4 Objectives: Section 5-4 Objectives: Identify the hazards that Identify the hazards that

alcohol and other drugs pose alcohol and other drugs pose to prenatal development.to prenatal development.

Discuss other environmental Discuss other environmental hazards that pregnant women hazards that pregnant women should avoid.should avoid.

Alcohol:Alcohol:Fetal Alcohol SyndromeFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) (FAS)

Includes physical and mental Includes physical and mental problems that results from a problems that results from a mother drinking alcohol while mother drinking alcohol while she is pregnant.she is pregnant.

Other Drugs…Other Drugs…Medicines, including both those thatMedicines, including both those that doctors doctors

prescribe and over-the-counter types.prescribe and over-the-counter types.Caffeine, found in some foods and Caffeine, found in some foods and

beverages.beverages.Nicotine, found in tobacco.Nicotine, found in tobacco.Illegal drugs (i.e. LSD, heroin, ecstasy)Illegal drugs (i.e. LSD, heroin, ecstasy)Inhalants Inhalants

Fetal Alcohol SyndromeFetal Alcohol Syndrome1:5 babies born with FAS dies soon 1:5 babies born with FAS dies soon

after birthafter birthSymptomsSymptoms

Mentally retardedMentally retardedSlow growthSlow growthPoor coordinationPoor coordinationHeart defectsHeart defects

Symptoms…Symptoms…

The Visible The Visible TeenTeen

Fetal Alcohol EffectsFetal Alcohol EffectsLess severe than FASLess severe than FASDegree of damage to the child is Degree of damage to the child is

usually directly related to the amount usually directly related to the amount of alcohol the mother consumed of alcohol the mother consumed during pregnancy.during pregnancy.

There is not cure for FAS or FAE, only There is not cure for FAS or FAE, only prevention – DON’T DRINK!!prevention – DON’T DRINK!!

DID DID YouYou Know Know ??

AntibioticsAntibioticsPrescribed to fight Prescribed to fight infectionsinfections

Can discolor a baby’s Can discolor a baby’s permanent teethpermanent teeth

Affect its growthAffect its growthDisturb its liver functionDisturb its liver function

Prescription & Over-The-Prescription & Over-The-Counter Counter

Aspirin, cold remedies and Aspirin, cold remedies and antihistamines can harm an antihistamines can harm an unborn child.unborn child.

11stst Trimester – most critical Trimester – most criticalDrugs can cause mental Drugs can cause mental retardationretardation

Prescription & Over-The-Prescription & Over-The-CounterCounter

33rdrd Trimester TrimesterCause slow growth, Cause slow growth, infections, or bleeding at infections, or bleeding at birthbirth

Will still be in baby’s Will still be in baby’s system at birthsystem at birth

Prescription & Over-The-Prescription & Over-The-CounterCounter

Even common medicines that are Even common medicines that are sold in pharmacies and sold in pharmacies and supermarkets may be unsafe for supermarkets may be unsafe for an unborn baby.an unborn baby.

How can a pregnant woman be How can a pregnant woman be sure that a medicine is safe?sure that a medicine is safe?

By checking with her doctorBy checking with her doctor

CaffeineCaffeineWidely found in beverages such as Widely found in beverages such as

coffee, tea, and cocoa.coffee, tea, and cocoa.Caffeine is often not considered a Caffeine is often not considered a

drug – but it is!!drug – but it is!!Large quantities have been Large quantities have been

associated with a variety of problems:associated with a variety of problems:Increased risk of miscarriageIncreased risk of miscarriageLow birth weightLow birth weightHigher risks of infant deathsHigher risks of infant deaths

TobaccoTobaccoBaby likely to be smaller Baby likely to be smaller

than the average childthan the average childPremature birthPremature birthLinked to respiratory Linked to respiratory

infections and allergies infections and allergies among children after birthamong children after birth

DID DID You You KnowKnow ??Smoking During PregnancySmoking During Pregnancy

Baby’s birth weight is Baby’s birth weight is reduced by about ¼ lb. for reduced by about ¼ lb. for every pack of cigarettes that every pack of cigarettes that a pregnant woman smokes a pregnant woman smokes each day.each day.

Passive smoking has similar Passive smoking has similar effectseffects

Illegal DrugsIllegal DrugsA mother who is addicted to a drug when pregnant A mother who is addicted to a drug when pregnant

usually passes her addiction on to her baby.usually passes her addiction on to her baby.Addicted babies go through a period of withdrawal, Addicted babies go through a period of withdrawal,

as a result may die.as a result may die.Children may experience long term effects (i.e. Children may experience long term effects (i.e.

unable to follow simple instructions, unable to unable to follow simple instructions, unable to comprehend in classes)comprehend in classes)

X-RaysX-RaysRadiation may cause birth Radiation may cause birth

defectsdefectsAvoid unneeded X-rays Avoid unneeded X-rays before before

pregnancy.pregnancy.Both men and women should Both men and women should

request a abdominal shield request a abdominal shield during routine x-rays.during routine x-rays.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)(STDs)

SyphilisSyphilisGonorrheaGonorrheaHepatitis BHepatitis BAIDSAIDSGenital herpesGenital herpesChlamydiaChlamydia

Can result in serious illness, Can result in serious illness, deformity, or even death.deformity, or even death.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)(STDs)

Most doctors routinely check pregnant women Most doctors routinely check pregnant women for syphilis – mandatory in most states.for syphilis – mandatory in most states.

Treatment can cure syphilis and gonorrhea Treatment can cure syphilis and gonorrhea and can relieve the symptoms of herpes in and can relieve the symptoms of herpes in adults.adults.

No drug can cure the damage of the newborn No drug can cure the damage of the newborn that results from a delay in diagnosis and that results from a delay in diagnosis and treatment.treatment.

Developing Healthy Habits Developing Healthy Habits for a Lifetimefor a Lifetime

Physical HealthPhysical HealthHave regular check-upsHave regular check-upsEat balanced dietEat balanced dietGet regular exerciseGet regular exerciseGet plenty of sleepGet plenty of sleepLearn safety rulesLearn safety rulesAvoid harmful substancesAvoid harmful substances

Healthy HabitsHealthy HabitsEmotional HealthEmotional Health

List your accomplishmentsList your accomplishmentsUse positive “self-talk”Use positive “self-talk”Handle your emotionsHandle your emotions

Social HealthSocial HealthSpend time with your familySpend time with your familyBe a good friendBe a good friendPlay an active part in your communityPlay an active part in your community

Following Up…Following Up…What are effective ways of handling What are effective ways of handling

negative emotions?negative emotions?How can adopting these habits help How can adopting these habits help

make a person ready to be a parent?make a person ready to be a parent?How can learning good time How can learning good time

management skills now prepare you management skills now prepare you for the future?for the future?

Help This Unborn Child Help This Unborn Child * * answers will varyanswers will vary

#1 – Dyanne should stop smoking #1 – Dyanne should stop smoking while she’s pregnant. Smoking while she’s pregnant. Smoking causes problems like low birth causes problems like low birth weight. She should not drink weight. She should not drink alcohol during the pregnancy alcohol during the pregnancy because that can lead to birth because that can lead to birth defects.defects.

Help This Unborn ChildHelp This Unborn Child#2 – Should not take the #2 – Should not take the vitamins, nose drops, or vitamins, nose drops, or aspirin w/o getting her aspirin w/o getting her doctor’s approval. Any of doctor’s approval. Any of those substances might those substances might be harmful to the baby.be harmful to the baby.

Help This Unborn ChildHelp This Unborn Child#3 – Researches agree that there is no #3 – Researches agree that there is no

known safe level of caffeine, so Elaine known safe level of caffeine, so Elaine should stop drinking coffee during her should stop drinking coffee during her pregnancy. The chocolate in the brownies pregnancy. The chocolate in the brownies have caffeine as well. She’d be better off have caffeine as well. She’d be better off finding a different treat. Since she is finding a different treat. Since she is pregnant, she should not have had x-rays pregnant, she should not have had x-rays at the dentist’s office.at the dentist’s office.

Help This Unborn ChildHelp This Unborn Child#4 – The amphetamines #4 – The amphetamines could easily harm the could easily harm the baby. She should not baby. She should not skip meals either.skip meals either.