Prehistory Neolitic Revolution Traits of Civilization Early Humans.
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Transcript of Prehistory Neolitic Revolution Traits of Civilization Early Humans.
PrehistoryNeolitic Revolution
Traits of Civilization
Early Humans
Prehistory-3500 BC
Prehistory:Before written records
Prehistory-3500 BC
Prehistory:Before written records
Understanding Prehistory
• Archaeology: the study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind
•artifacts: tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings, and other items of early people
Anthropologist: studies culture – uses artifacts and
fossils to determine how people lived their lives
• Culture: Unique way of life of a people
Early Stages of Development
Stage 1 - Hominid:
• the earliest human-like creatures that walked upright
Stage 2 – Homo Erectus: “upright human being”
• More & larger tools
• Learned to use fire
• First to leave Africa & move into Europe & Asia
Stage 3 – Homo Sapiens: “wise human being”
• Neanderthals – first found in Neander Valley in Germany - first people to bury their dead
• Homo Sapiens Sapiens – first humans who looked like us
The Paleolithic Age
•Old Stone Age
•Used simple stone tools
Lifestyle•Nomads – moved from place to place following the animal migration & vegetation cycles
Major advances• Mastery of fire
• Art – cave drawings
The polychrome painting above, of a "cow and a horse," is a paleolithic cave painting from the caves at Lascaux, in
the Dordogne region of France.
-- 15,000 BCE
The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION:
The shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis that occurred around 8000 B.C.
Neolithic = Greek for “new stone”
Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution:
• Organized communities
• Trading of goods
• Systematic agriculture
• Population explosion
Civilization: a complex culture in
which large numbers of people share a number of
common elements
6 Characteristics of Civilization
1. Cities 2. Government3. Religion4. Social Structure5. Writing6. Art
1. The Rise of Cities• First developed in river valleys
where people could carry on large-scale farming to feed large populations
2. Government• Growing population, need to
maintain food supply, and build walls for defense led to organization of the government
• Organize & regulate human activity
• monarchs
3. Religion• Developed to explain the workings
of nature and the fact of their own existence
• Priests – power by divine authority & led rituals to gain the favor of the gods
4. Social Structure
• Middle Class farmers, artisans, and
craftspeople
Slaves
Upper Class --priests, government officials, and
warriors
5. Writing• Scribes kept
records
• Records developed into literature
6. Art• Temples built for worship & burial
• Paintings & Sculptures – developed to portray gods & goddesses or natural forces