Pregnancy and Development
description
Transcript of Pregnancy and Development
![Page 1: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PREGNANCY AND DEVELOPMENTMr. Chapman Science 9
![Page 2: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Conception Conception is when sperm
and egg meet and fertilization occurs.
Conception occurs in the outer third of the fallopian tube. The fertilized egg is called a zygote.
Recall that the sperm can live inside a woman’s body for 2 to 7 days.
![Page 3: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Signs of Pregnancy Presumptive signs: nausea, vomiting,
fatigue, frequent urination
Probable sings: positive pregnancy test, physical changes in the uterus
Positive signs: Ultrasound or X-ray of fetus, fetal heartbeat, fetal movement.
![Page 4: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Development of the Fetus Nine months of pregnancy are divided
into three equal periods of three months – called trimesters.
First trimester – months 1 to 3 Second trimester – months 4 to 6 Third trimester – months 7 to 9
![Page 5: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Embryo and Its Support Systems
Placenta – an organ formed on the wall of the uterus through which the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients and gets rid of waste products
Human chorionic gonadotropin – a hormone secreted by the placenta; it is the substance detected in pregnancy tests.
Umbilical cord – the tube that connects the fetus to the placenta
Amniotic fluid – the watery fluid surrounding a developing fetus in the uterus.
![Page 6: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
From first trimester to birth
Fetal Development
![Page 7: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
First Trimester Develops into a fetus with most of
the major organ systems present
4th to 8th week – external body parts develop
During 7th week: liver, lungs, pancreas, kidneys, and intestines have formed and begun limited functioning.
End of 12th week – 10 centimetres long; weighs 19 grams
![Page 8: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Second Trimester Quickening occurs – women become
aware of fetal movements (this occurs around the end of the 14th week.
Fetal heart beat can be detected.
Fetus opens its eyes.
![Page 10: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Third Trimester Fetus’ skin is wrinkled and covered with
downlike hair.
Fetus turns in uterus to assume a head-down position.
Fetus experiences rapid growth.
![Page 12: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nutrition During Pregnancy Diet during pregnancy is extremely
important.
Woman must get enough protein, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, and vitamin A.
The fetus comes first – it draws the nutrients it needs first, and whatever is left after that is for mom.
![Page 14: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dangers of Malnutrition Missing Calcium – future risk of bone and
tooth loss
Missing folic acid (folate) – much higher risk of neural tube defects (proper amounts decrease risk by 50%)
Missing zinc – malformations of the central nervous system.
![Page 15: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Effects of Drugs Taken During Pregnancy
Antibiotics – may damage the fetus
Alcohol – may cause fetal alcohol syndrome
Cocaine – increased risk of premature birth
Steroids – can cause masculinisation of a female fetus and other fetal damages.
Dads & drugs – can damage sperm and their genetic content
![Page 17: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Premature Babies – “Preemies” There are all kinds of risks associated
with babies being born too early. Any baby who is born before the 37th week of gestation is considered premature.
Recall that a normal gestation period is 40 weeks. However, it is often considered normal to be anywhere from 37 – 42 weeks.
![Page 18: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Risks for Preemies Immature Lungs – the lungs of some babies
are not able to function fully on their own if born prematurely. Sometimes, steroids are given to these babies to attempt to force their lungs to develop faster. This is often successful.
Pneumonia – this is an infection in the lungs where gas exchange normally occurs. This prevents anyone with pneumonia from getting enough oxygen in their blood.
![Page 19: Pregnancy and Development](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56816714550346895ddb7fe2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Risks for Preemies Infections – the immune systems of many babies are
not ready to handle the pathogens they will encounter out in the world. Infections to premature babies can be deadly if not handled carefully.
Inability to maintain body heat - A premature baby is born with little body fat and immature skin which does not allow him or her to maintain body heat. Treatment involves warmers or incubators to help them keep warm.
NOTE: THERE ARE MANY OTHER COMPLICATIONS!