Prefabricated Truss Bridges Combined v2[1] · – Prefabricated Bolted Vehicular TrussPrefabricated...

Prefabricated�Trusses�

Tom�Willetts

Dennis GonanoDennis��Gonano

IntroductionIntroduction

Two�Revised�Specifications:

– Prefabricated�Pedestrian�— Bicycle�SuperstructureI 564 80 0016Item�564.80nn0016

– Prefabricated Bolted Vehicular Truss System– Prefabricated�Bolted�Vehicular�Truss�SystemItem�564.81nn0016

Why the RevisionsWhy�the�Revisions�

• Clearly�Define�the�Requirements�and�the�y qRoles/Responsibilities�for:o Design

lo Detailingo Materialso Fabricatingo Fabricatingo Installation

• Gain Consistency Between:• Gain�Consistency�Between:o Locally�Let�Projectso State�Let�Projects

Prefabricated�Bolted�Vehicular�Truss�S tSystem

Prefabricated�Bolted�Vehicular�Truss�System

• Prefabricated�Vehicular�Trusses�are�designed�in�accordance�with�NYSDOT�Policies,�Standards�and�Specifications�by:

– Owner’s�Engineer– Contractor’s�Engineer


• The Owner’s Engineer is Responsible for:The�Owner s�Engineer�is�Responsible�for:

– Size,�Type�and�Location– Substructures– Substructures– Bearings– Bridge�Deck�and�Deck�Joints– Barrier,�Railing�and�Pedestrian�Fencing

• The�Contractor’s�Engineer�is�Responsible�for:g p

– Trusses– FloorbeamsFloorbeams– Stringers


• All�Components�SHALL be�designed�by�a�NYS�Licensed�Engineer�in�p g y gAccordance�with�New�York�State�Policies�Standards�and�Specifications

• Design Live Load SHALL be the current AASHTO HL93 Vehicle and• Design�Live�Load�SHALL be�the�current�AASHTO�– HL93�Vehicle,�and�NYSDOT�Permit�Vehicle�(when�applicable)

• All�truss�and�floor�system�members�SHALL be�fabricated�from:�yrolled�shapes�or�built�up�welded�sections

• Structural�tubing�is�not�allowed

• All�connections�for�the�truss,�stringers,�floor�beams,�cross�bracing�and�other�structural�members�SHALL be�made�through�the�use�of�high strength boltshigh�strength�bolts

• Welded�connections�are�not�allowed


• Bearings�SHALL be:Elastomeric ( f d)– Elastomeric�(preferred)

– Multi�Rotational

• Steel�Sliding�and�Cotton�Duck�bearings�are�not�allowedg g

• Allowable�decks�types�include:– Cast�in�place�or�Precast�Concrete– Steel�Grating– Wood

• Allowable finishes include:• Allowable�finishes�include:– Weathering– PaintedG l i d– Galvanized

– Thermal�Sprayed�Metal�Coatings

Prefabricated�Pedestrian�Bicycle�Superstructure

Prefabricated�Pedestrian�– BicycleS t tSuperstructure

• The Owner’s Engineer is Responsible for:The�Owner s�Engineer�is�Responsible�for:

– Size,�Type�and�Location– Substructures– Substructures

• The�Contractor’s�Engineer�is�Responsible�for:

– Trusses– Floorbeams– Stringers– Bearings– Bridge Deck and Deck JointsBridge�Deck�and�Deck�Joints– Barrier,�Railing�and�Pedestrian�Fencing

Prefabricated Pedestrian – Bicycle SystemPrefabricated�Pedestrian� Bicycle��System

• All�Components�SHALL be�designed�by�a�NYS�Licensed�Engineer�in�p g y gaccordance�with�New�York�State�Policies�Standards�and�Specifications

• Designed�for�the�Occasional�Maintenance�Vehicle�either�a�H�5�or�H�10�Vehicle�depending�on�the�clear�width

• Truss�Members�can�be�Fabricated�from:– Structural�Tubing– Rolled�Shapesp– Welded�Built�up�Shapes

• Connections�can�be�Welded�or�made�through�the�use�of�High�Strength�Bolts

Prefabricated�Pedestrian�– Bicycle�Superstructure

• Bearings�can�be:l ( )– Elastomeric�(preferred)

– Steel�Sliding– Multi�Rotational

• Allowable�decks�types�include:– Cast�in�place�or�Precast�Concrete– Wood– Composite

• Allowable�finishes�include:– Weathering– Painted– Galvanized– Thermal�Sprayed�Metal�Coatings

Just a few peopleJust�a�few�people

Contract��lPlans

ContractlPlans

• Updates�to�the�NYSDOT�Bridge�Manual�will�include�guidance�for�the�p g gdesign�and�detailing�of�prefabricated�trusses.�In�the�interim,�plans�should�include:

Truss Configuration:– Truss�Configuration:» Common�types�are:�Warren,�Pratt,�Bowstring�or�Howe» Overhead/Portal�Bracing�shall�be�shown�if�required�or�desireddesired

– Span�Length– Clear�WidthDeck Type:– Deck�Type:

» Cast�in�place/Precast�Concrete» Steel�Grating» Timber» Timber�

– Barrier/Railing�Type�&�Configuration– Truss�Accessories:�Bollards,�Lighting,�Signing,�etc.

Contract��lPlans

Contract PlansContract Plans

QualityAssurance�

• New�“Quality�Assurance�Guidelines”�to�be�issued,�and�included�in�“Procedures�for�Locally�Administered�Federal��Aid�Projects”manual

Q li A l b h h d i d f b i i• Quality�Assurance�relates�to�both�the�design�and�fabrication

QualityAssurance

• All�prefabricated�trusses�regardless�of�the�system�they�are�on�p g y yor�over�shall�conform�to�NYSDOT�Policies,�Procedures,�Standards�and�Specifications

• All�“Prefabricated�Pedestrian�Trusses�over�the�National�Highway�System�(NHS)�or�a�State�Highway�SHALL be�g y y ( ) g ydesignated�“Unique�and�Unusual”

• All�“Prefabricated�Vehicular�Trusses”�SHALL be�designated�as�“Unique�and�Unusual”

QualityAssurance

• State�Let�Projects

• Locally�Let�Projects�over�the�NHS�or�State�Highway

• Locally�Let�Projects�not�over�the�NHS�or�a�State�Highway:

Design�Quality�Assurance

• Design�QA�for�State�Let�Projects�and�Locally�Let�Projects�over�the�NHS�or�State�Highway:

Office of Structures’, Project Development Unit performs a “TechnicalOffice�of�Structures ,�Project�Development�Unit�performs�a� Technical�Progress�Review”�of�the�project�in�accordance�with�the�NYSDOT�Bridge�Manual,�Chapter�20,�Quality.�This�includes�the�review�of�the�following�documents:

Design�ReportPreliminary�PlanADP’sPS&E�

Office�of�Structures’�Metals�Engineering�Unit�(MEU)�will�review�the�Fabricator’s�design�for�compliance�with�NYSDOT’s�Standards�and�Specifications

Design�QualityAssurance

• Design�QA�for�Locally�Let�Projects�not over�the�National�Highway�System�or�a�State�Highway:

– Sponsor�assumes�the�responsibility�for�the�Quality�Assurance of the designAssurance�of�the�design

– Sponsor�shall�provide�an�equivalent�level�of�reviews�and�approvals as required by the NYSDOT Bridge Manual andapprovals�as�required�by�the�NYSDOT�Bridge�Manual� and�the� NYSDOT�Standard�Specifications;�Construction�and�Materials

Fabrication�QualityAssurance

• Fabrication�QA�for�State�Let�Projects,�and�Locally�Let�Projects�over�the�NHS�or�over�the�State�System:

Office�of�Structures’�Metals�Engineering�Unit�(MEU)�provides�Fabrication�Quality�Assurance�(including�Shop�Drawing�Review�and�Shop�Inspection)�in�accordance�with�the�NYSDOT�Steel�Construction�Manual.

Sponsor�assumes�the�responsibility�for�the�Construction�Inspection�for�Locally�Let�projects

Fabrication�QualityAssurance

• Fabrication QA for Locally Let Projects not over the NationalFabrication�QA�for�Locally�Let�Projects�not over�the�National�Highway�System�or�a�State�Highway:

Sponsor assumes�the�responsibility�for�the�Quality�Assurance�of�the�fabrication�inspection�and�construction�inspection�of�the�structure

Sponsor shall provide an equivalent level of reviews approvals andSponsor shall�provide�an�equivalent�level�of�reviews,�approvals�and�inspections�as�required�by�the�NYSDOT�Bridge�Manual,�the�NYSDOT�Standard�Specifications;�Construction�and�Materials and�the�NYSDOT�Steel�Construction ManualConstruction�Manual

Sponsor�shall�include�a�Steel�Plant�Quality�Assurance�Plan�in�the�project’s�Construction�Management�Plan.�

QualityAAssurance

• Minimum�requirements�for�the�Steel�Plant�Quality�Assurance�q Q yPlan�include:

– Minimum�number�of�inspection�hours�per�weekp p– Inspector�must�be�an�AWS�Certified�Welding�Inspector– Nondestructive�evaluation�in�accordance�with�ASNT�TC�1AThe following will be inspected:– The�following�will�be�inspected:

� Review�shop�drawings� Raw�materials�inspection� Cutting and grinding of steel� Cutting�and�grinding�of�steel� Dimensions,�fit�up�and�bolting� Any�coatings� Pre erection loading shipping and final acceptance� Pre�erection,�loading�shipping�and�final�acceptance

QualityAAssurance

• Minimum�requirements�continued:q

– Inspector�shall�provide�weekly�reports�to�the�Sponsor�or�their�representativerepresentative

– The�Sponsor�or�their�representative�shall�be�notified�immediately�in�the�event�of�any�non�conformance�in�materials�or�workmanship

QualityAAssurance

• The�Sponsor,�through�the�RLPL,�may�request�QA�Reviews�and/or�Fabrication�QA�from�the�Office�of�Structures

• The�request�must�be�early�in�the�project�development�process

• The�request�must�be�approved�by�the�Deputy�Chief�Engineer�(Structures)( )

• Please�Note:�

Approval�will�be�on�a�case�by�case�basisand�is�not�guaranteed

QualityAssurance

Quality�Assurance

Prefabricated Trusses Part IIPrefabricated�Trusses�Part�II

New York Local Roads 2014

Recent�USB/NY�ProjectsYear Project�(Route�&�Feature�X’d) Location Span�x�Rdwy/Skew/Load/Deck/Rail Contract�Specifier

2011 CR2�over�Schoharie�Creek Lexington,�NY�(Greene�Co.) 142’x22’/0d/HL93/pc+top/2ST�Curb CME

2011 Otis�Lane�over Boquet River Essex�County,�NY 88’x14’/0d/HL93/timber/2ST�Truss ECDPW

2012 High�Meadow�Way�Bridge Town�of�Keene,�NY 60’x14’/0d/HS20/timber/Wbeam�Truss Private�Owner

2013 Bush Rd�over�Schoharie�Creek Lexington,�NY�(Greene�Co.) 129’x13.17’/0d/HL93/conc/2ST�Curb CME

2013 CR61�over�the�Batten�Kill Washington�County,�NY 120’x28’/11.5d/HL93+P/conc/4ST�SS�Plate�Curb Foit�Albert

2013 CR47�over�Kaaterskill Creek Catskill,�NY�(Greene�Co.) 114’x22’/0d/HL93/conc/2ST�Curb CME

2014 N.�Youngman�Comm.�Ctr.�Bridge Tonawanda,�NY�(Erie�Co.) 100’x32’/0d/HL93+P/conc/2ST�Curb LiRo Engineers

2014 Albany�Turnpike over�CSX�RR Chatham,�NY�(Columbia�Co.) 114’x14’/60d/HL93+P/conc/2ST�Curb Bergmann

2013 CR11C�over�Susquehanna River Otsego�County,�NY 150’x24’/0d/HL93/conc/2ST�Curb Shumaker�Consult

2014 Grant�Hill�Rd�over�Normans Kill� Guilderland,�NY�(Albany�Co.) 146’x26’/0d/HL93+P/conc/4ST�Curb Foit�Albert

2014 C.C.�Camp�Road�over�Catskill�Cr. Broome,�NY�(Schoharie�Co.) 100’x18’/0d/HL93/conc/2ST�Flush Foit�Albert

2014 Wynkoop Lane�over�Esopus Cr. Hurley,�NY (Ulster�Co.) 163.33’x25’+5’sw/0d/HL93/pc+top/2ST�Truss UCDPW

2014 Carr�Road�over�Schoharie Cr. Jewett,�NY�(Greene�Co.) 113’x22’/0d/HL93/conc/2ST�Curb Barton &�Loguidice, ( ) / / / / g

2014 Grove�Rd.�o’r E.B.�Ausable River Jay,�NY�(Essex�County) 120’x20’+5’sw/0d/HL93/2ST�Flush Schoder Rivers


TopicsTopics

• CollaborationCollaboration• Project�selection

j C• Project�Contract�Documents– Specifications�&�Design�Topics

• Fabrication�process• Construction• Project�profiles


Deferred�Superstructure�Design/BuildDesign�Bid�Build

Needs�&�Budget�

Determined

Construct/��Build�Phase

PreliminaryDeterminedSuperstructureEngineering

PreliminaryEngineering

Sponsor,�Scope�&�Programming

Advertise/�Bid/Letting�PhasePhase

Plan/Study/�Estimate

Design�PhaseSubstructure &

Foundations Engineering


Foundations EngineeringFinal Engineering

CollaborationCollaboration

• Feasibility�Assessmentsy• Programming�Costs• Specifications�&�Schematic�Details• Preliminary�Engineering• Modeling�&�Rendering• Hard�Bid�Quotes�&�Information• Engineering�of�Record�(EOR)�Design�&�Plan SubmittalsPlan�Submittals

• On�Site�Installation�Assistance


Project Selection

Through�Girder�System

Project�Selection

Sh ll d•Long.�Span�/�Trans.�Span•Framed�members•Shallow�floor�beams�•Reduces site impacts Hi h C i /W i h R i

Shallow�and

•Reduces�site�impacts•More�opening

High�Capacity/Weight�Ratio

•Simpler�shipments•Less�trucking�permits•Field assembly•Field�assembly•Lighter�crane�picks•More�competition Attractive�Infrastructure

•Obvious�form�and�function•Connection�to�the�past•Familiarity�and�way�finding•Modern�but�in�a�replica�form•Aesthetic�finishes�and�Attractive Clear Spans


enhancementsAttractive�Clear�Spans

Project�Selection�� Ideal�SuitabilityProject�Selection� Ideal�Suitability

• Low�volume�rural�highways�or�city�streets.g y y• Facilities�with�three�traveled�lanes�or�less.• Spans�between�100�ft.�to�175�ft.�for�low�trusses�(pony).• Spans�between�160�ft.�to�275�ft.�for�high�trusses�(through).• When�the�superstructure�depth,�combined�with�profile�grade�parameters greatly impact the project footprintparameters,�greatly�impact�the�project�footprint.

• When�piers�are�not�desired.• When prefabrication can save time in constructionWhen�prefabrication�can�save�time�in�construction.• Where�site�staging�is�limited�…�or�delivery�access�is�difficult.• Where�visibility�or�aesthetics�are�important.


Project�Contract�DocumentsProject�Contract�Documents• Loads• Reactions• Important�Details

– Slab�construction– Edge�of�bridge�construction– End�of�bridge�construction– Bearingsg

• Specifications


CR47 (Ca terskill Road) o er Kaaterskill Creek Greene Co nt NYCR47 (Cauterskill Road) over Kaaterskill Creek, Greene County, NY

W nkoop Lane o er Esop s Creek H rle NY (Ulster Co nt )Wynkoop Lane over Esopus Creek, Hurley, NY (Ulster County)

Fabrication�ProcessFabrication�Process• Schedules

l d• Material�ordering• Shape�processing• Plate�processing• Steel conditioningSteel�conditioning• Corrosion�protectionA bl & h ki• Assembly�&�Match�Marking

• Material�Records�Certification


• Shipping

Fabrication ProcessFabrication�Process


ConstructionConstruction• As�built�(fabricated)�plans�&�BOM’s

f bl d• Receipt�of�assemblies�and�pieces• Staging�area• Unloading�plan• Cranes & rigging planCranes�&�rigging�plan• Erection�sequence

k i• Deck�construction• Sidewalks,�utilities�&�railings


Erecting�Sequences�for�Steel�Truss�BridgesDescription Min.�Cranes� &�

Relative�SizeShored or�Aerial�Splices

Additional�Span�Construction

Special�Accessories

1 Girder�by�Girder�1�(full�length) 1�Medium�Crane

2 Girder�by�Girder�2�(partial�length) 1�Smaller�Crane Shored Cribbing,�Shoring,��&�y (p g ) g gJacks

3 Girder�by�Girder�3�(partial�length) 2�Smaller�Cranes Aerial

4 Segment�by�Segment�1�(girder) 1�Small�Crane Shored Cribbing,�Shoring,��&�Jacks

5 Segment�by�Segment�2�(full�width) 1�Medium Crane Shored Cribbing,�Shoring,��&�Jacks

6 Full�Width,�Full�Length�(whole�bridge) 1�Large�Crane

7 Part�Full,�Part�Half�Width�1 1�Medium Crane Shored Cribbing,�Shoring,��&�Jacks

8 Part�Full,�Part�Half�Width�2 2�Large�Cranes Aerial

9 Launch with�Temporary�Nose None Launching Nose Cribs,�Rollers,�Counter�Wts,�Jacks�&�Push/Pull

10 Launch with�Temporary�Back�Span None Back�Span Cribs,�Rollers,�Counter�Wts,�Jacks�&�Push/Pull

11 Launch with�Crane�Assist�(nose) 1�Crane* Launching Nose Cribs,�Rollers,�Counter�Wts,�Jacks�&�Push/Pull

12 Launch with�Crane�Assist�(back�span) 1�Crane* Back�Span Cribs,�Rollers,�Counter�Wts,�Jacks�&�Push/Pull/


* Actual crane size(s) will depend on largest segment lift and crane position

ConstructionConstruction


P R O J E C T P R O F I L E Owner: CSX RailwayRoute: Albany TurnpikeCrossing: CSX Railwayg yContract Docs: Bergmann AssociatesContractor: CP Ward Const., Inc.Style: Cambridge Flat (Warren)Floor Framing: RaisedSpan: 113 ft 8 in (avg )Span: 113 ft. – 8 in. (avg.)Width: 14 ft. & 4 ft. SidewalkSkew: 61o (avg.) Left Forward (LF)Struct. Depth: 28 1/2 in.Field Sections: 3 per TrussFinish: Hot dip galvanizedField Connect: Bolted Splices & FramingShop Connect: Bolted TrussFloor/Deck: RC Slab on Exoderm. GridRailing: W-Beam to TrussRailing: W Beam to TrussYear Built: 2013Special Features: Exodermic Deck; External

Sidewalk; Exist. Abutments;Varied Left & Right Span L hLengths

Albany Turnpike, East Chatham, NY

P R O J E C T P R O F I L E Owner: Greene Co., NYRoute: County Route 2Contract Docs: Creighton Manning Eng.g g gContractor: Arch Bridge ContractingStyle: Cambridge (Mod. Warren)Floor Framing: RaisedConnections: BoltedSpan: 142 ftSpan: 142 ft. Width: 22 ft.Skew: n/aStruct. Depth: 32.6 in.Field Sections: 3 per TrussFinish: GalvanizedFloor/Deck: Composite P/C SlabRailing: TST on Raised CurbYear Built: 2011Special Features: Post-tensioned concrete deckSpecial Features: Post tensioned concrete deck

and approach slabs; jointless expansion joint

County Route 2 over Schoharie Creek, Greene County, NY

P R O J E C T P R O F I L E Owner: Greene County, NYRoute: Bush RoadContract Docs: Creighton Manning Eng.g g gContractor: ING CivilStyle: Cambridge (Mod. Warren)Floor Framing: FramedConnections: Bolted Truss & FramingS a : 129 ftSpan: 129 ft.Width: 13 ft. - 2 in.Skew: n/aStruct. Depth: 21.7 in.Field Sections: 5 per TrussFinish: Hot-dip GalvanizingFloor/Deck: Conc. Slab on SIP FormsRailing: NYSDOT 2-Tube on CurbSpecial Features: Plate Bottom Chord Members

Bush Rd over Schoharie Creek, Lexington, NY (Greene Co.)

P R O J E C T P R O F I L E Owner: Greene County, NYRoute: Cauterskill Road (CR47)Contract Docs: Creighton Manning Eng.g g gContractor: J.C. Smith, Inc.Style: Cambridge (Mod. Warren)Floor Framing: FramedConnections: Bolted Truss & FramingS a : 114 ftSpan: 114 ft.Width: 21 ft. - 2 in.Skew: n/aStruct. Depth: 30.3 in.Field Sections: 3 per TrussFinish: Hot-dip GalvanizingFloor/Deck: Conc. Slab on SIP FormsRailing: NYSDOT 2-Tube on CurbSpecial Features:

Cauterskill Road (CR47) over Kaaterskill Creek, Catskill, NY (Greene Co.)

P R O J E C T P R O F I L E Owner: Washington County, NYRoute: County Route 61Contract Docs: Foit-Albert AssociatesContractor: Jersen Construction GroupStyle: Cambridge (Mod. Warren)Floor Framing: FramedConnections: Bolted Truss & FramingS a : 120 ftSpan: 120 ft.Width: 28 ft. - 0 in.Skew: n/aStruct. Depth: 43.5 in.Field Sections: 3 per TrussFinish: Hot-dip GalvanizingFloor/Deck: Conc. Slab on SIP FormsRailing: NYSDOT 4-Tube on SlabSpecial Features: stainless steel plate curbs on

neoprene gasketsneoprene gaskets

CR61 (Buffum’s Bridge), Towns of Salem & Jackson, NY (Washington County)

P R O J E C T P R O F I L E Owner: Otsego County, NYRoute: CR11 CContract Docs: Shumaker ConsultinggContractor: ING CivilStyle: Cambridge (Mod. Warren)Floor Framing: FramedConnections: Bolted Truss & FramingS a : 150 ftSpan: 150 ft.Width: 24 ft. - 0 in.Skew: n/aStruct. Depth: 36.9 in.Field Sections: 4 per TrussFinish: Weathering SteelFloor/Deck: Conc. Slab on SIP FormsRailing: NYSDOT 2-Tube on CurbSpecial Features: Aerial Splice Method;

Continuous Edge FormsContinuous Edge Forms

CR11C over the Susquehanna River, Otsego County, NY

P R O J E C T P R O F I L E Owner: Ulster County, NYRoute: Wynkoop LaneContract Docs: Ulster County Engineery gContractor: Ulster County Public WorksStyle: Cambridge (Mod. Warren)Floor Framing: FramedConnections: Bolted Truss & FramingS 163 ft 4 iSpan: 163 ft. - 4 in.Width: 24 ft. - 0 in.Sidewalk: 5 ft. - 0 in. OutboardSkew: n/aStruct. Depth: 37.5 in.Field Sections: 4 per TrussFinish: Hot-dip GalvanizingFloor/Deck: p/c Slab with asph. overlayRailing: Truss Mounted 2-TubeSpecial Features: Precast Deck Slab PanelsSpecial Features: Precast Deck Slab Panels

Wynkoop Lane (Hurley Bridge) over Esopus Creek, Ulster County, NY

Industry TrendsIndustry�Trends

• SSSBA’s eSpan140 • Press Break GirdersSSSBA s�eSpan140• MGS�Bridge�Rail

Press�Break�Girders�– Testing�at�WVU�Struct.�Lab.– Dillon�Avenue�South�Buchanan Co IABuchanan�Co.,�IA

MGS Bridge

Jessup Street South Buchanan

Co., IA


MGS BridgeRailing

,

On�Going ResearchOn Going�Research

• Crash Testing of Steel� • Redundancy StudiesCrash�Testing�of�Steelto�Steel�Supported�Bridge�Railings

Redundancy�Studies– Phase�I�– WVU– Phase�II�– Univ.�of�Cincinnati

USB Improved Bridge Railing

Ohio County Prototype Railing


QuestionsQuestions

Thank�You.


PDHQ iQuestions

True or False Steel Sliding bearings can beTrue�or��False,�Steel�Sliding�bearings�can�be�specified�for�prefabricated�vehicular�trusses?

PDHQuestions

Steel Sliding bearings can be specified forSteel�Sliding�bearings�can�be�specified�for�prefabricated�vehicular�trusses?

FALSE

PDHiQuestions

A Pedestrian Bridge spanning over I�90 shall beA�Pedestrian�Bridge�spanning�over�I 90�shall�be�designated�as�____________��__.

PDHiQuestions

A Pedestrian Bridge spanning over I�90 isA�Pedestrian�Bridge�spanning�over�I 90�is�designated�as�Unique�and�Unusual.

PDHQuestions

For a Locally Let Project not over the NationalFor�a�Locally�Let�Project�not over�the�National�Highway�System�or�a�State�Highway�the�Sponsor assumes the responsibility for theSponsor assumes�the�responsibility�for�the�Quality�Assurance�of�the�____________.

PDHQuestions

For a Locally Let Project not over the NationalFor�a�Locally�Let�Project�not over�the�National�Highway�System�or�a�State�Highway�the�Sponsor assumes the responsibility for theSponsor assumes�the�responsibility�for�the�Quality�Assurance�of�the

DesignDesign

PDHQuestions


DesignDesignFabrication

PDHQuestions


DesignFabricationConstruction

Prefabricated Truss Bridges Combined v2[1] · – Prefabricated Bolted Vehicular TrussPrefabricated...

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