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PREDOMINANT BINDING OFPROTEINS OF DRUGS

ALBUMINCeftriaxone (A)CCelecoxib (N)Citalopram (B)Clofibrate (A)Dexamethasone (N)Diazepam (B)Diazoxide (A)CDiclofenac (A)Diflunisal (A)CDicloxacillin (A)Digitoxin (N)Etodolac (A)Etoposide (N)CFenoprofen (A)Fluoxetine (B)Flurbiprofen (A)dFluvoxamine (B)

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Ibuprofen (A)c,dIndomethacin (A)Itraconazole (N)Ketoconazole (N)Ketoprofen (A)dKetorolac (A)dLosartan (A)Meclofenamate (A)Mefenamic Acid (A)Meloxicam (N)Mycophenolic acid (A)Nabumetone (N)C

Nafcillin (A)Naproxen (A)COxacillin (A)Oxaprozin (A)Paroxetine (B)Phenylbutazone (A)CPhenytoin (A)Piroxicam (A)Prednisolone (N)C

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Probenecid (A)Rifapentine (A)Rofecoxib (N)Salicylic acid (A)CSertraline (B)Sulfisoxazole (A)Sulindac (A)Teniposide (N)Thiopental (A)CTiagabine (A)Tolbutamide (A)Tolmetin (A)Valproic acid (A)CWarfarin (A)d

ALBUMIN AND AAGAlfentanil (B)Alprenolol (B)dAmprenavir (B)Carbamazepine (N)

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Clindamycin (A)cCocaine (B)cDisopyramide (B)b,c,dErythromycin (B)Fosphenytoin (A)Lidocaine (B)Lopinavir (B)

Meperidine (B)Methadone (B)dNelfinavir (B)Olanzapine (B)Perphenazine (B)Prazosin (B)Propafenone (B)Quinine (B)Ritonavir (N)Ropivacaine (B)Saquinavir (B)Triflouperazine (B)Verapamil (B)d

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ALBUMIN, AAG, AND LIPOPROTEINS

Amitriptyline (B)Amphotericin B (N)Bupivacaine (B)dChlorpromazine (B)Diltiazem (B)Docetaxel (N)Felodipine (N)Imipramine (B)Nortriptyline (B)Paclitaxel (N)Perazine (B)Propranolol (B)dQuinidine (B)

ALBUMIN AND LIPOPROTEINSAmiodarone (B)Cyclosporine (N)bProbucol (N)

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Conversion

Units

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AvoirdupoisUseful EquivalentsLength1 inch = 2.54 cm1 meter = 39.37 inVolume1 fluidounce = 29.57 ml1 pint = 16 fl.oz (473 ml)1 quart = 32 fl.oz (946 ml)1 gallon = 128 fl.oz (3785 ml)1 gallon, UK = 4545 mlWeight1 ounce = 437.5 grains1 pound = 16 ounce

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ApothecariesUseful EquivalentsVolume1 fluidrachm/fluidram = 60 minims1 fluidounce = 8 fl.dr (480 minims)1 pint = 16 fl.oz1 quart = 2 pints1 gallon = 4 quartsWeight1 scruple = 20 grains1 dram = 3 scruples1 oz = 8 dram1 pound = 12 oz

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DOSE FORMULAS

Youngs Rule, based on ageDose of Child = X Adult dose

Cowlings Rule=

Frieds Rule for infants=

Clarks Rule, based on weight=

AgeAge + 12

Dose ofChild

Age at next birthday (in yrs.) X Adult doseXAdultdose24

Dose forInfants

Age (in months) X Adultdose150

Dose ofChild

Weight (in lbs.) X Adult dose150 (average weight of adult in lbs.)

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Dose Based on Body Weight= Patients Weight (kg) X

Dose Based on Body Surface Area

= X Drug Dose (mg)

=

PatientsDose (mg) Drug dose (mg)1 (kg)

PatientsDose (mg) Patients BSA (m

2)1.73 m2

PatientsBSA (m2) Patients height (cm) X Patients weight (kg)3600

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pH negative logarithm of Hyrdronium ionconcentration

pH Normality interms ofHydroniumIonNormality interms ofHyrdroxyl Ion

0 1 10-14

1 10-1 10-132 10-2 10-12Increasing 3 10-3 10-11acidity 4 10-4 10-105 10-5 10-9

6 10-6 108Neutral point 7 10-7 10-78 10-8 10-6

9 10-9 10-5

10 10-10

10-4

11 10-11 10-3Increasing 12 10-12 10-2alkalinity 13 10-13 10-114 10-14 1

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pKa Values of Some Common DrugsDrugs pKa value

Acidic drugsAspirin 3.5

Paracetamol 9.5

phenobarbital 7.4 (first

ionization)

Basic drugs

Cocaine 8.6

Diazepam 3.3Diphynhydramine 90

Amphoteric drugs

Morphine 8.0 (amine),

9.9 (phenol)Adrenaline

(epinephrine)

8.7 (amine),

10.2, 12.0

(phenols)

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FOR WEAK ACIDS

pH = pKa compound is approximately 50%

ionized

pH = pKa +1 compound is approximately 90%

ionized

pH = pKa + 2 compound is approximately 99%

ionized

pH = pKa +3 compound is approximately 99.9%

ionizedPh = pKa + 4 compound is approximately 99.99%

ionized

FOR WEAK BASES

pH = pKa compound is approximately 50%ionized

pH =pKa compound is approximately 90%

ionized

pH = pKa compound is approximately 99%

ionized

pH = pKa compound is approximately 99.9%ionised

pH = pKa compound is approximately

99.99% ionised

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