Precision Planting of Corn ( Zea mays L.) to Manipulate Leaf Geometry
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Precision Planting of Corn (Zea mays L.) to Manipulate Leaf Geometry Guilherme Torres Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University
description
Precision Planting of Corn ( Zea mays L.) to Manipulate Leaf Geometry. Guilherme Torres Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University. Corn Grain and Silage Yield Increase . 60% of yield improvement due to genetic advances and 40% due to management practices - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Precision Planting of Corn ( Zea mays L.) to Manipulate Leaf Geometry
Precision Planting of Corn (Zea mays L.) to Manipulate Leaf Geometry
Guilherme TorresDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University
y = 120.66x - 232847
y = 0.4408x - 844.25
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1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Sila
ge Y
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0kg/
ha]
Gra
in Y
ield
[kg/
ha]
Year
Corn Harvest Yield (US Average)
grain
silage
Linear Model (grain)
Linear Model (silage)
• 60% of yield improvement due to genetic advances and 40% due to management practices(Duvick, 1992; Cardwell, 1982)
Corn Grain and Silage Yield Increase
Potential Benefits of Seed Orientation
• Spatial and temporal emergence
• Homogenous crop stands
• Rapid canopy closureo Moistureo Integrated weed management
• Light interception
RationaleLight can be the limiting factor in crop
production (Stinson and Moss, 1960). Systematic leaf arrangement provide means
for maximize light interception (Peters, 1961).
Leaf architecture can optimize light interception and increase yield (Stewart et al., 2003)
Leaf geometry and its effects offers potential strategies for improving production efficiency (Donald, 1963).
Dry Matter response to percent of intercepted solar radiation
(Shibles and Weber, 1965)
Research Questions• Can corn leaf orientation be manipulated by
controlling seed position at planting?• Which seed position can result in across-row
leaf orientation and what is the effect on emergence?
• What is the effect of leaf orientation on light interception and grain yield ?
With-rowLeaf orientation
Across-rowLeaf orientation
Greenhouse Experiment Description
Experiment # 3
Treatmentseed
position and orientation
description
1 Upright, on the side , parallel to the row
2Upright, caryopsis pointed up, parallel to
the row
3Upright, caryopsis pointed down, parallel
to the row
4 Laying flat embryo up, parallel to the row
5Laying flat embryo down, parallel to the
row
6Laying flat embryo up, perpendicular to
the row
7Laying flat embryo down, perpendicular
to the row
8 Random
(c) Adrian Koller
• 8 treatments• 5 Dekalb hybrids• 400 seeds
Greenhouse Experiment Materials and Methods • 10 seeds per
treatment• Medium flats• Planted 2.5 cm deep • Emergence• Leaf angle at V4
o 0 ° to 30 ° (with-row)o 60 ° to 90 ° (across-row)
• Analysis of variance• Frequency distribution
Greenhouse Results
Leaf Angle and Emergence
Source of Variation df Leaf Angle EmergenceFrequency distributionReplication 9 NS NS
Treatment 7 ** **Hybrid 4 * **
plants with leaf angle between
0° and 30°degrees
plants with leaf angle
between 60° and 90° degrees
MSE 309 311.77 0.26
Treatment means N MeanStandard deviation
MeanStandard deviation
Degrees Days %
1 50 62.6 17.2 6.4 1.05 8.0 72.0
2 45 51.4 18.4 8.3 1.11 22.2 60.0
3 50 64.7 15.4 6.1 0.68 4.0 76.0
4 49 38.8 17.0 6.8 1.10 46.9 20.4
5 50 47.8 18.1 7.0 0.55 32.0 38.0
6 50 66.3 14.17 6.8 0.75 4.0 86.0
7 50 51.4 20.8 6.8 0.72 32.0 50.0
8 RANDOM 50 48.8 17.8 7.0 0.99 28 48.0
SED 7.89 0.23C.V. 33 7
Field Trial
• 3 Seed Orientationso Upright, caryopsis pointed
down, parallel to the rowo Laying flat, embryo up,
caryopsis pointed perpendicular to the row
o Random
• 2 Corn Hybridso Plagiophile- P0902HRo Erectophile- P1173HR
o (within incomplete factorial arrangement)
• 3 Plant Populations
Field Trial - Materials and Methods
• RCBD• Row spacing: 76 cm• Light interception• Grain yield
Row orientation
Upright
Flat Flat
Field Results
Light InterceptionV10 growth stage
0
20
40
60
80
100
49.4 74.1 98.8 74.1
Plagiophile Plagiophile Plagiophile Erectophile
Frac
tiona
l PAR
(%)
Plant Population (thousands of plants/ha) and Hybrid Leaf Architecture
LCB, 2010
Upright Flat Random
SED= 7.0 %
0
20
40
60
80
100
37.1 49.4 61.8 49.4
Plagiophile Plagiophile Plagiophile ErectophileFr
actio
nal P
AR (%
)Plant Population (thousands of plants/ha) and Hybrid Leaf
Architecture
EFAW, 2011
Upright Flat Random
SED= 4.3 %
Light Interception R1 growth stage
0
20
40
60
80
100
37.1 49.4 61.8 49.4
Plagiophile Plagiophile Plagiophile ErectophileFr
actio
nal P
AR (%
)Plant Population (thousands of plants/ha) and Hybrid Leaf
Architecture
EFAW, 2011
Upright Flat Random
SED= 4.2 %
0
20
40
60
80
100
49.4 74.1 98.8 74.1
Plagiophile Plagiophile Plagiophile Erectophile
Frac
tiona
l PAR
(%)
Plant Population (thousands of plants/ha) and Hybrid Leaf Architecture
LCB, 2010
Upright Flat Random
SED= 4.0 %
Grain Yield
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
49.4 74.1 98.8 74.1
Plagiophile Plagiophile Plagiophile Erectophile
Grai
n Yi
eld
(kg/
ha)
Plant Population (thousands of plants/ha) and Hybrid Leaf Architecture
LCB, 2010
Upright Flat Random
SED= 525 kg/ha
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
37.1 49.4 61.8 49.4
Plagiophile Plagiophile Plagiophile ErectophileGr
ain
Yiel
d (k
g/ha
)Plant Population (thousands of plants/ha) and Hybrid Leaf
Architecture
EFAW, 2011
Upright Flat Random
SED= 117 kg/ha
ConclusionsPlacement and arrangement of corn seed can
influence rate of emergence and leaf orientation.
Differences in light interception between treatments decreased with maturity.
Effect of seed orientation on light interception was independent of plant population and hybrid.
Yield (over sites, plant pop. and hybrids);
◦ Upright, 10% higher than Random
◦ Flat, 14% higher than Random
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