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A Report on Precast Concrete and its Allied Products

Vishwas R Bhat B.E (Civil),PGDIM

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank all those who has guided and helped me in the completion of this project.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. K. V. Subramanian, Director, MINDS for his

constant encouragement through out the PGDIM course and this project.

It is great pleasure to express my sincere regards and thanks to Mr. Richardson Asir,

Chief Advisor Soma Enterprise Ltd and Mr. Narayana Gowda, for their proficient

guidance through out this project.

I sincerely thank Dr. T. Babu, Assistant Professor and Associate Advisor MINDS for

his valuable guidance in formulating this project and report.

My deepest thanks to Mr. Murugan, Sr. Project Manager, Mr. P.S.B.S Chowdary

General Manager (Plant and Machinery), Mr. A. Murugan, Technical Manager

(Batching Plant ) for their extended support.

I sincerely thank Dr. Nagendra Dean And Mr. Venkatakrishna program officer and all

the faculty of MINDS for their constant support throughout the program.

My sincere thanks to Mr. Krishna Rao Tota, HR manager, Soma, Hyderabad and Miss.

Swetha, HR Manager, Soma, Bangalore for giving me an opportunity to work in

Soma Enterprise Ltd.

I am thankful to my friends and family for their support and encouragement throughout the program.

VISHWAS.R.BHAT

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Product costing plays a vital role in improving the prospectus of successful implementation

of Infrastructure projects. Product costing becomes major concern of the management as soon

as project is launched. Planning and control becomes integral part of the managerial process

immediately after the launch of the project. Costing enables us to project the company’s profit

or loss sharing and the viability of the project as it takes even the time and al the aspects of the

project which clearly lays down a conclusion at the start of a project.

Time and cost overruns are very common in implementing Infrastructure projects. Complex

nature, long development duration, huge funding requirements and long gestation periods make

the Infrastructure management more challenging than a simple construction project. Time and

cost over-runs have direct impact on economic viability of infrastructure projects which in turn

slow down the economic development.

Since from the inception of the development in various sectors of Infrastructure

Developments either public enterprise or government enterprise in i.e. transportation, buildings,

power, industrial, power, irrigation, environmental there is always a demand in the basic

construction materials like cement, sand, aggregate and finished concrete products and pre-cast

products which highly influence the development scenario of the urban or rural infrastructure.

We also can conclude that there is always the need for many players to invest in this

development which is the backbone of the industrial and production sectors overall.

Care to be taken while in formulating the investment criteria and successful implementation

of any project in order to minimize the risk involved in this huge investments and their

profitability in order to keep it self running through the project life. As the part of identifying

the project, its production capacity, the main important part is satisfying the objective which can

be planning, executing, monitoring, marketing or as whole understanding and finding the

solution for such.

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Precast concrete and its allied products

INTRODUCTION: What is precast concrete?

Precast concrete is an ancient type of construction material made with concrete cast in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and lifted into place. In contrast, standard concrete is poured into large forms and cured on site. Precast stone is distinguished from precast concrete by using a fine aggregate in the mixture so the final product approaches the appearance of naturally occurring rock or stone.

Ancient Roman builders made use of concrete and soon poured the material into molds to build their complex network of aqueducts, culverts and tunnels. Modern uses for precast technology include a variety of architectural applications including free-standing walls used for landscaping, soundproofing and security walls. Precast architectural panels are also used to clad all or part of a building facade. Stormwater drainage, water and sewage pipes and tunnels make use of precast concrete units. The advantages of using precast concrete is the increased quality of the material, when formed in controlled conditions, and the reduced cost of constructing large forms used with concrete poured on site.

There are many different types of precast concrete forming systems for architectural applications, differing in size, function and cost.

Why Precast?

Quality, Value, Permanence

The average person likely is unaware of the presence of the hidden systems that make life what it is today: civilized. Sanitary and storm sewers, box culverts, catch basins, pump/lift stations, septic tanks, exterior grease interceptors, water storage tanks, wet wells, electrical and communication vaults and many other products all play a pivotal role in maintaining a clean, healthy, productive environment for the inhabitants of the civilized world.

Without these systems, life would be much different. Much of the credit can be given to the main components of these systems, which typically consist of precast concrete.

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Here are some of the reasons why precast concrete is the ideal material for health, safety and protection of the environment:

The many benefits of precast concrete include: Strength

Durability

Mass

Buoyancy

Fire

resistance

Chemical resistance

Quality control

UV sensitivity

Environmentally friendly

Weather resistance

Reduced weather dependency

Water tightness

Ease of installation

Modularity

Availability

Efficiency

Aesthetics

Low maintenance

Strength. The strength of precast concrete gradually increases over time. Other materials can deteriorate, experience creep and stress relaxation, lose strength and/or deflect over time. The load-carrying capacity of precast concrete is derived from its own structural qualities and does not rely on the strength or quality of the surrounding backfill materials.

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Durability. Studies have shown that precast concrete products can provide a service life in excess of 100 years. For severe service conditions, additional design options are available which can extend the life of the precast concrete product. This is extremely important when calculating life-cycle costs for a project.

Mass. Precast concrete products can act as effective barriers to vehicular traffic due their size and weight. In the current world climate, precast concrete products such as planters, bollards and highway barriers increasingly are being used to provide protection for a wide variety of venues.

Buoyancy. With a specific gravity of 2.40, precast concrete products resist the buoyant forces associated with below-grade construction. In comparison, fiberglass has a specific gravity of 1.86 and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has a specific gravity of 0.97.

Fire Resistance. Precast concrete is noncombustible. Also, concrete does not lose its structural capacity nearly as quickly as steel, which is now a significant consideration as witnessed in the attacks on the World Trade Center and the towers’ subsequent collapse. Other materials besides concrete and steel are flammable and/or do not perform well in elevated temperatures. Fiberglass begins losing structural integrity at 200 F. HDPE begins to melt at 266 F.

Chemical Resistance. Precast concrete is resistant to most substances. However, no material is completely immune to attack from aggressive chemical agents. Thus it is wise to choose the material with the longest expected service life. Precast concrete products can be designed to withstand anticipated corrosive agents.

Quality Control. Because precast concrete products typically are produced in a controlled environment, they exhibit high quality and uniformity. Variables affecting quality typically found on a jobsite –temperature, humidity, material quality, craftsmanship – are nearly eliminated in a plant environment.

UV Sensitivity. Unlike some other materials, precast concrete does not degrade from exposure to sunlight. This is extremely beneficial for above-ground applications.

Environmentally Friendly. After water, concrete is the most frequently used material on earth. It is nontoxic, environmentally safe and composed of natural materials. Buried throughout the world, precast concrete products help convey water without contributing to poor water quality.

Weather Resistance. Precast concrete is well-suited for exposure to all types of weather conditions. In regions experiencing regular freeze-thaw cycles, the concrete mix can be designed to properly withstand damage.

Reduced Weather Dependency. Precast concrete increases efficiency because weather will not delay production. In addition, weather conditions at the jobsite do not significantly affect

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the schedule. This is because it requires less time to install precast compared with other construction methods, such as cast-in-place concrete. Precast concrete can be easily installed on demand and immediately backfilled – there is no need to wait for it to cure.

Watertightness. Precast concrete products produced in a quality-controlled environment and used with high-quality sealants offer a superior solution to watertightness requirements. Standard watertight sealants are specially formulated to adhere to precast concrete, making watertight multiple-seam precast concrete structures possible.

Ease of Installation. Although precast concrete is quite heavy, nearly all other competing materials require machinery for handling and installation as well. Besides, speed of installation is more dependent on excavation than product handling and placement. Precast does not require the use of special rigging (such as fabric slings) which must be used in order to avoid structural damage while handling materials such as fiberglass. Additionally, because precast products are designed and manufactured for simple connection, many components can be installed in a short time.

Modularity. Because of the modular nature of many precast concrete products, structures or systems of nearly any size can be accommodated.

Availability. With thousands of manufacturers throughout North America, precast concrete products can be ordered from plants in most cities or regions. Since precast structures are manufactured in advance and stored at the plant, they are readily available when needed at the job site. This ensures competitive pricing and a ready supply, which can save days, weeks or even months on a project over cast-in-place concrete.

Efficiency. Precast concrete products arrive at the jobsite ready to install. There is no need to order raw materials such as reinforcing steel and concrete, and there is no need to expend time setting up forms, placing concrete or waiting for the concrete to cure.

Aesthetics. Precast concrete products are both functional and decorative. They can be shaped and molded into an endless array of sizes and configurations. Precast concrete can also be produced in virtually any color and a wide variety of finishes (acid-etched, sandblasted, smooth-as-cast, exposed-aggregate) to achieve the desired appearance for building and site applications.

Low Maintenance. Precast concrete requires little or no maintenance, which makes it an ideal choice for nearly any design solution.

Advantages

1. Factory Engineered products under strict quality control

Precast Concrete is made of cement combined with natural materials: coarse aggregate, sand, cement and water, all of which are produced in an environmentally friendly way.

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Precast concrete production takes place under strict controlled conditions in a factory; as a result, better consistency of product quality can be achieved, together with safer working conditions and reduced impact on the environment.

2. High performance, quality and durability:

Precast concrete elements are produced under strict quality controlled to the highest standards, ensuring their durability, strength and appearance.

3. Wide choices of finishes

Whether off-form, smooth or textured, with contrasting exposed aggregates, or slightly etched and pigmented, precast concrete surfaces finishes offers a rich and varying array of possibilities, allowing greater freedom and creativity.

4. Flexibility of forms and shapes:

With Precast Concrete, architects and designers can full reign to their imagination allowing all sorts of decorative patterns, reveals, cornices, recesses and curvatures in their design.

5. Superior heat and sound insulation

Precast Concrete sandwich panels, with their dense concrete and incorporated middle insulation layer, offer a far superior heat and sound insulation than traditional construction systems, which means substantial energy savings and healthier environment.

6. Economy and speed of production:

Precast concrete elements are mass produced with minimum manpower in the shortest possible time. Their remarkable qualities: Strength, durability and Insulation offer significant cost savings in construction cost, energy consumption and later maintenance costs.

7. Fast and efficient installation:

The use of standardized Precast Concrete elements contributes to efficient and fast installation, significantly reduced construction time.Assembly of large and complex components can be carried out easily and quickly, producing little or no dust, noise or waste, as well as giving a faster return on investment.Moreover, good quality control in the factory prevents unnecessary delays, and just-on-time deliveries reduce the need for storage at the construction site.

In addition to the advantages listed above for Precast, Prestressed Precast Systems offer the following added features:

1. Light economical construction:

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Prestressing and High Strength concrete make it possible to use less material to achieve similar load-bearing capacity and, hence, make substantial cost savings in both reinforcement and concrete. Reduced section sizes lead to lower dead loads and can improve transport efficiency.

2. Long spans:

Prestressing of the Precast elements means longer and more efficient spans, allowing large, open spaces and reducing the number of columns and beams in the structure.

3. High load capacity:

Precast prestressed elements can carry much heavier loads as compared to normal reinforced concrete structures, which makes them ideal for heavy load bearing structure such as tunnels, bridges, car parks, reservoirs, ….

4. Minimum propping and scaffolding:

Precast prestressed elements need very little propping or formwork, leading top cost saving and greater access all through the work areas.

No matter what type of project you are interested in, precast concrete is demonstrating its superiority.

Combining quality, economy, speed, and flexibility, it is the building material of choice.

Precast concrete contributes to green building practices in significant ways. The low water-cement ratios possible with precast concrete -0.36 to 0.38- mean it can be extremely durable. The thermal mass of concrete allows shifting of heating and cooling loads in a structure to help reduce mechanical-system requirements. Because precast concrete is factory-made, there is little waste created in the plant (most plants employ exact-batching technologies) and it reduces construction waste and debris on site, reducing construction IAQ concerns. The load-carrying capacities, optimized cross sections, and long spans possible with precast concrete members help eliminate redundant members, and concrete readily accommodates recycled content.

The precast concrete elements are durable, The primary ingredients of concrete -sand, gravel, and cement- are mineral based. When mixed with water, the cement chemically reacts to create a crystalline matrix with a high compressive strength. This matrix binds the sand and gravel together, creating concrete. Unlike other construction materials that can rust, rot, or otherwise degrade when in the presence of moisture, concrete can actually get stronger if there are unhydrated cement particles available to react with the water.

The precast concrete is different from other types of concret just because, Precast concrete is different because it is made in a factory by highly experienced personnel who apply stringent quality-control measures. In the factory environment, precasters are able to achieve consistency in

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temperature and moisture and low watercement ratios that are not possible in field-fabricated concrete. Precast concrete can easily attain strengths of 5000 psi to 7000 psi or more, with densities that minimize permeability.

One more main advantage of pre cast concrete is it can be reused, Precast concrete members are unique in that they are individually engineered products that can be disassembled. Designers can easily plan future additions to buildings, because the precast concrete components can be rearranged. Once removed, precast concrete members may be reused in other applications.

Precast concrete is also friendly to downcycling, in which building materials are broken down, because it comes apart with a minimum amount of energy and retains its original qualities. An example of downcycling would be the use of crushed precast concrete as aggregate in new concrete or as base materials for roads, sidewalks, or concrete slabs.

The different elements that can be precasted are:

Interlocking pavers Hollow concrete blocks Solid concrete blocks Tiles Precast pipes Cylinders Manholes and its covers Bridge segments Septic tanks Barriers Bollards Box culverts Fences Staircases Beams Walls Foundations Pavements Bunker silos Retaining walls Roof elements

The list goes on and on

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There are some small scale companies manufacturing these pre cast concrete elements for the use for small and large scale ,for eg: interlocking pavers are the present day precast element used almost every place and everywhere like for parking ,pavements,sheds,and even some colourful pavers are being used as flooring and cladding materials. These precast elements are slowly replacing the charm and beauty of marble and granite.all kinds of design and all kinds of colours can be manufactured with a proper finishing work.

A Market survey was done dividing the whole geographical area of Bangalore

into clusters( Urban and rural - areas ) and random sampling is done.which revealed

different types and different needs and demand of these products. This survey has been

tabulated as below,

A questionnaire had been prepared for the companies to make the survey easier a sample

copy of the statement of comparison has been shown as below,

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CompaniesDetails Technic

paversChandrakanth

a conc blocks

Rasu enterprises SLN concrete products

Kiran precast concrete blocks

KNR constructions

Place Madivala & attibele

Ejipura koramangala Vathur Hobli peenya madivala

Address Hosur road, Madivala, Bangalore – 560068

No.58nr to vivek nagar,100ft road,ejipura

No.28,opp IBP petrol bunk,80ft road, industrial layout.koramangala

No.99/2, Harlur Village,Vathur Hobli, Bangalore - 560067

#9/10,peenya industrial area

Bangalore-560015

--

Contact num: 08025534202

08025520613 08066694778 08028194298 9731128113

Person contacted:

Mohan Kumar

Raaju Muthu Promod.N kumar

Type of area Residential Commercial Industrial/residential

industrial industrial commercial

Type of owning

proprietary proprietary proprietary proprietary proprietary For a Project

Land value Rs:

1800/sqft 850/sqft Govt land

Area of the land

28000sq ft 5000sqft 17000sqft 10764sqft

Types of the product

Interlocking pavers

Hollow cylinders,conc rings

Interlocking pavers, window grills, floor slab

Hollow blocksfilled blocks

Hollow blocksFilled blocks,interlocking

Drain cover slabs

Product use Footpath, residential ,commercial

Dustbins, lining for open wells,

Designer flooring,cladding,footpath,parking

Construction of high rise buildings, apartments

Footpaths,parking

SSM&RCC drain coverings

Environment Cleared by No clearance Cleared by PCB Clearance is Cleared by PCB Not cleared

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al clearance

PCB taken reqd

machinery Auto and semi-auto

Semi automatic

Hydraulic Semi auto Semi auto No machines

Details Technic pavers

Chandrakantha conc blocks

Rasu enterprises SLN concrete products

Kiran precast concrete blocks

KNR constructions

Price 1,0,00,000 rs 2,50,000rs - --Type of

mouldSteel,rubber Steel Steel steel Steel steel

blks prdcd by machine/hr

2000-2500 750 - 1200

Fuel/energy spent

15 hp 15hp

Client:1 SJR groups - Many local companies and petrol bunk majorly

ND developers Local companies govt

Client:2 L&T - Land mark properties

-

Client:3 CCCL - Imperial constructions

-

VAT on the prod

12.5%on the paver

No vat 12.5%on the paver 4% on hollow block

12% on the paver

No vat

Excise dutyTechnic pavers Chandrakantha

conc blocksRasu

enterprises

SLN concrete products

Kiran precast concrete blocks

KNR constructions

LAYOUT OF

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THE PLANT

office yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesbatching plant No No no No No Nostores Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesmaterial

stackingYes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

garage Yes No No No No No

security yes No proper security

Yes Yes Yes Yes

vehicle parking

Yes No no yes No No

visitor yard No No No No No Noquality unit Yes No No Yes No Nocement silos Yes no No No No No

conveyor belt Yes No no No No No

material dragging

Yes Yes Yes yes Yes Yes

cement storage

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

enclosures Yes(compound) Yes(fencing) Semi enclosed

Yes(compound wall)

Yes enclosed no

dust control No No No Yes (zinc sheets)

No no

employees safety

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes yes

health clinic /doctor

No No No No No no

Services offered

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servicesTechnic

paversChandrakantha

conc blocksRasu

enterprises

SLN concrete products

Kiran precast concrete blocks

KNR constructions

Installing yes no yes no yes no

Transportation yesyes

yes yes yes yes

Repairs if any yes no no no No no

Employees: numbers and salary

Technic pavers Chandrakantha conc blocks

Rasu enterprises

SLN conc products Kiran precast concrete blocks

KNR constructions

engineer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7000rs/m 1 6000rs/m

1

80rs

per

pie

ce a

s w

ages

technician 2 7000rs/m

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

supervisor

2 5000rs 0 0 1 5000rs/m

1 5000rs/m 0 0 0

SKL 2 2800rs 2 200rs/day

0 0 0 3 200rs/day

10

SSL 1 2400rs 3 150rs/day

0 0 2 175rs/day 2 175rs/day

20

USL 1 2200rs 6 125rs/day

8 90/day 1 125rs/day 8 125rs/day

4

Materials used

Technic pavers Chandrakantha conc blocks

Rasu enterprises

SLN conc product

Kiran precast

KNR constru

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s concrete blocks

ctions

Cement Birla super 43 grade

Ultratech,birla super 43 grade

43 and 53 grade,birla

Rajashreee and Birla 43 grade

Birla super 43 grade

Penna suraksha 53 grade

Aggregate 6mm 6mm 6mm 6mm & crushed rock fines

6mm 20mm and below

Sand used River sand River sand River sand River sand River sand River sand

Technic pavers Chandrakantha conc blocks

Rasu enterprises

SLN conc products

Kiran precast concrete blocks

KNR constructions

Mix proportion

1:1.5:3

Admixture Forsoc as accelerating agent(Sika india)

-------- --------- --------------- ---------------- -------

Water(qnty/source)

Borewell, 4.5cum/3000blocks

Bore well bore well bore well Water from tankers 6000lpd

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Technic pavers

Chandrakantha conc blocks

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Rasu enterprises:

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SLN conc products:

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KNR constructions

`

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Starting new precast concrete products in the existing pre-cast yard at Bangalore, analyzing the means of financing, pricing of the product, selection of place, Profit, sales to over come the short term and long term liabilities and future expansion of the existing yard.

a compound wall which can be also called as a security wall is designed and planned to be casted in a casting yard

The details and drawing is as shown below

this is a precast coloumn and a footing which is 2.7m high and width of footing is 900mm the other detailing is as shown in the diagram.

The sectional view is shown below

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The cross section and the joining details is as shown below

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An artistic impression of the compound wall is as shown in the diagram

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Rate analysis for the compound wall:

COST OF THE PROJECT

(click on the icons for accessing the Excel sheets)

The cost comprises of various items involved right from the land acquisition to the production of the

finished concrete product/year which clearly shows us the various items that need to be installed or

erected their cost behavior on the project and the life span. These data provide an insight into the

formulating or arriving at the total cost for setting up and production of finished product of the batching

plant. Tools like the C - programming and Microsoft Excel, Planning software’s such as Primavera, MS -

Project can also be used to schedule the work.

These direct and indirect costs have a no of sub-component cost centers which should be carefully

identified as these cumulated gives us the cost of the project and its funding scheme. Further the each

individual component is looked into deep regarding their suitability, adaptability and requirement,

availability and their respective cost is taken.

UNDERSTANDING COST IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Direct costs include “any costs that can be specifically identified with a particular project or

activity, including salaries, travel, equipment and supplies directly benefitting the project or activity”.

Emphasis is placed on the term “activity,” which is interpreted as being the same as a cost account. Direct

cost can also be defined as “...costs of installed equipment, material, and labor directly involved in the

physical construction of the permanent facility.”

Indirect costs are “...costs incurred by an organization for common or joint objectives, and which

cannot be identified specifically with a particular activity or project.” Or “...all costs which do not

become a final part of the installation, but which are required for its orderly completion. It includes (but

is not limited to): field administration, direct supervision, capital tools, some start-up costs, contractor's

fees, insurance, taxes, etc.”

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CLASSIFICATION OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT COST

TABLE 1.0

Recommended categories for direct/indirect cost elements

CONSTRUCTION COST ACCOUNT

ACCOUNTING

ADMINISTRATION

BONDS

CAMP OPERATIONS

CONST. CONTRACTOR’S ENG.

CONSTRUCTION

CONST. EQUIPMENT

CONST. EQPT. MAINT.

CONST. FACILITIES

CONSUMABLES

CONTAMINATION RESTRICTIONS

CONTRACT FEE

CONTRIB. TO WELFARE PLANS

DRINKING WATER & SANITATION

FIRE PROTECTION

FREIGHT

GENERAL CLEANUP

HOLIDAY & VACATION PAY

CLASSIFICATION

I

I

I

I

I

D

I – 1

I

I

D

I

I

I

I

I

D

I – 1

I

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INSURANCE

LEGAL

LIGHT & POWER

MAINT. OF GEN. CONST. PLANT

MATERIAL HANDLING I

MEDICAL & FIRST AID I

MOTOR POOL OPERATIONS I

OFFICE SUPPLIES & EXPENSES I

PAYROLL INSURANCE I

PAYROLL TAXES I

PERMITS, LICENSES I

PERSONNEL I

PREMIUM PAY D

PROCUREMENT I

PRODUCTIVITY D

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING D

REPORTING TIME I

RETROACTIVE PAY I/D2

SAFETY I

SALES TAX I

SCAFFOLDING I1

SECURITY I

SECURITY RESTRICTIONS D

SIGNUP & TERMINATION PAY

SITEWORK I/D3

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

D

I

D

D

I

I / D2

I

I

I -1

I

D

I

I / D3

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SUPERINTENDENCE I1

SURVEYS, GEOL. STUDIES & TESTS I

TAXES OTHER THAN PAYROLL

TRANSFER AND RELOC.

TRANSPORTATION OF WORKERS

WAREHOUSING

WATER

WELDING TESTS

SUPERINTENDENCE

I – 1

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

NOTE :

I - 1. Indirect only if not associated with a particular work operation. I - 2. Holding account; only un-al locatable cost should remain in this account

I - 3. Direct if permanent, otherwise indirect.

Once the direct and indirect cost is identified then it is the next step to find out the realistic values of

the plant, machinery, equipment in the market so as to arrive at a realistic value of the project so as to

proceed on the further analysis of social and benefit cost analysis and on the viability of the project in the

financial terms.

Care to be taken in the procurement and selecting the right type of machinery so as to overcome the

excessive tax implications if the material if the machinery is purchased outside the respective state of

setting up the project and also the environmental implications in orders to comply with the government

and the public.

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The rate analysis of the compound wall is done as follows The design drawings and data has been collected The whole element has been divided into three parts and the respective volume has

been calculated. The total surface area has been calculated ,this has been formulated for the calculation

of the shuttering The barbending schedule has been worked out for the total amount of steel required

Then after finding out the total volume of the elements and the total surface area of the element the total quantity of steel required is calculated from barbending schedule

This analysis is done and the respective rates of the steel ,concrete and mild steel is calculated to get the exact material cost of the productA compound wall built using size stone masonry has been calculated and the same volume and rates have been worked out a comparision has been made between both the precast concrete compound wall and the size stone masonry compound wall.

A programme has been done using Microsoft excel where in the cost of the whole project can be got just by adding the data of the dimensions of the site land .where in both the precast compound wall’s and the size stone masonry’s cost will be updated automatically

After this analysis another analysis has been done for the capital investmentStarting from the land acquisition for the precasting ,fixed assets ,building and civil works to be done at the site,plant and machinery ,staff for the work organization chart for the work .rates of the plant and machinery ,depreciation and lifespan.salaries for the staff everything has been worked out. This adds up to the product cost. The total running per metre cost has been worked out and the total cost of the product has been carried out.