Pre$Calculus! Name:ANSWERKEY!!!! Unit1!Arithmetic ...eckertsc1.weebly.com › uploads › 5 › 8...

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PreCalculus Name: ANSWER KEY Unit 1 Arithmetic, Geometric Sequences And Series REVIEW Period: _________ Date: _________________ Arithmetic Series Geometric Series Infinite Series a n = a 1 + (n 1)d S n = n 2 a 1 + a n ( ) a n = a 1 r n1 S n = a 1 (1 r n ) 1 r S = a 1 1 r 1) For the sequence 10, 6, 2, 2, ... find each of the following: Note this is an arithmetic sequence with d = 4. a) Recursive formula: 1a) a 1 =10; a n+1 =a n 4 a n+1 =a n + d; so a n+1 =a n – 4. And a 1 = 10. Explicit formula: 1b) a n = 4n+14 b) a n =a 1 +d(n1). So, a n =10+(4)(n1) a n =104n+4 = 4n+14 c) The 15 th term 1c) a 15 =46 a 15 = 4(15) +14 (this is from part b) so, a 15 =46 d) The sum of the first 15 terms 1d) 270 ! = ! ! ( ! + ! ) We know a 1 =10, and a 15 =46 from part c). So, !" = ! ! 15 10 46 = 270. 2) Find d for the arithmetic sequence in which a 1 = 6 and a 17 = 42 . 2) 3 Use a n =a 1 +d(n1). We know a 1 =6 and a 17 =42 and n=17. So, 42 = 6 + d(171). Then 42 = 6 + d(16). (subtract 6 from both sides) 48 = d(16). (divide both sides by 16) And finally 3 = d.

Transcript of Pre$Calculus! Name:ANSWERKEY!!!! Unit1!Arithmetic ...eckertsc1.weebly.com › uploads › 5 › 8...

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Pre-­‐Calculus   Name:      ANSWER  KEY        Unit  1  Arithmetic,  Geometric  Sequences    And  Series  REVIEW   Period:  _________  Date:  _________________          Arithmetic  Series       Geometric  Series   Infinite  Series  

!!!!

an = a1 + (n−1)dSn = n

2 a1 + an( )      

an = a1rn−1

Sn =a1(1− r

n )1− r

 !!!!

S =a1

1− r  

 1)   For  the  sequence  10,$6,$2,$−2,$...    find  each  of  the  following:     Note  this  is  an  arithmetic  sequence  with  d  =  -­‐4.      

a) Recursive  formula:   1a)  a1=10;    an+1=an  -­‐4     an+1=an  +  d;  so  an+1  =  an  –  4.    And  a1  =  10.    

Explicit  formula:   1b)  an=  -­‐4n+14  b)  

an=a1+d(n-­‐1).      So,  an=10+(-­‐4)(n-­‐1)  an=10-­‐4n+4  =  -­‐4n+14  

     

c) The  15th  term   1c)  a15=-­‐46  a15=  -­‐4(15)  +14    (this  is  from  part  b)  so,  a15=-­‐46  

        d)   The  sum  of  the  first  15  terms   1d)  -­‐270         𝑆! =

!!𝑛(𝑎! + 𝑎!)  

  We  know  a1=10,  and  a15=-­‐46  from  part  c).     So,  𝑆!" =

!!15 10− 46 =  −270.  

       2)   Find  d  for  the  arithmetic  sequence  in  which  !!!!

a1 = 6    and  !!!!

a17 =−42.   2)    -­‐3       Use  an=a1+d(n-­‐1).         We  know  a1=6  and  a17=-­‐42  and  n=17.  So,  -­‐42  =  6  +  d(17-­‐1).  Then  -­‐42  =  6  +  d(16).    (subtract  6  from  both  sides)     -­‐48  =  d(16).      (divide  both  sides  by  16)  And  finally  -­‐3  =  d.  

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3)   For  the  geometric  sequence  !!

127, ! 1

9, ! 1

3, ! ...find  each  of  the  following:  

  Se  see  that  r  =  3,  and  that  a1=  !!"  

a) Recursive  formula:   3a)  a1=  !!",      an+1  =  an(3)  

   

b) Explicit  formula:   3b)  𝑎! =!!"(3!!!)  

  𝑎! = 𝑎!(𝑟!!!)    

c) The  14th  term   3c)  59049     𝑎!" =

!!"

3!" =  59049             d)   The  sum  of  the  first  10  terms   3d)  1093.48  

  𝑆! =!! !!!!

!!!.    𝑆𝑜  𝑆! =

!!" !!!

!"

!!!  =   !

!"(29524)  =  1093.48  

       4)   If  r  =  2  and  a4  =  28,  what  is  the  first  term  of  the  sequence?   4)      a1=  3.5     𝑎! = 𝑎! 𝑟!!! , 𝑎𝑛𝑑  𝑎! = 28.     28 = 𝑎! 2! .      𝑆𝑜,𝑎! =

!"!= 3.5  

    You  can  also  back-­‐track  from  a4  to  a1  by  dividing  by  r  three  times.     a4=28,  so  a3=14,  then  a2=7,  and  finally  a1=3.5.    5)   Find  the  sum  of  the  series  (if  it  exists)  !!

18+ 6+ 2+ ...   5)  Sum  =  27     This  is  a  geometric  series  with  r  =  !

!  and  a1=18.  

  Since  |r|  <  1.    We  can  find  the  sum  of  the  infinite  series  (it  converges)  So  𝑆! =

!!!!!

.      𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙  𝑖𝑛  𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛  𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 →    𝑆! =!"

(!!!!)= !"

!!= 27.  

       6)   Do  the  following  series  appear  to  converge  or  diverge?         a)   0.2+0.02+0.002+...   6a)  Converges       r  =  0.1       b)   2

7+ 4

7+ 8

7+...   6b)  Diverges  

  r  =  2  

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7)   Find  the  value  of   2n( )n=1

5

∑  .   7)  30      

Since  there  are  only  5  values  (n=1  to  5).    We  can  find  each  term  separately  then  add  up.  n=1  gives  2(1)  =    2  n=2  fives  2(2)  =  4  n=3  gives  2(3)  =  6  n=4  gives  2(4)  =  8  n=5  gives  2(5)  =  10    Add  up  2+4+6+8+10  =  30.    Can  also  use  partial  sums  formula  for  arithmetic  sequence  (d=2).    a1  =  2,    a5  =  10    So,    𝑠! =

!!(5) 2+ 10 = 30.  

   8)   Express  the  series  3+ 9+ 27+81+...  using  sigma  notation.     8)  See  Below  This  is  a  geometric  series  with  a1=  3,  and  r  =  3.    It  is  infinite  since  it  has  …  at  the  end.  Since  it  is  infinite  it  will  go  from  k  =  1  to  infinity.    (make  sure  variable  matches)      Left  part  of  the  Sigma  Notation  will  be  

_____!

!!!

 

 We  put  the  explicit  form  of  the  geometric  sequence  to  the  right  of  the  sigma.  Explicit  form:    𝑎! = 𝑎! 𝑟!!! .    𝑊𝑒  𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤  𝑎!  𝑖𝑠  3  𝑎𝑛𝑑  𝑟  𝑖𝑠  3.    𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡  𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚    𝑎! = 3 3!!! .  Since  3  𝑥  3!!!  have  the  same  base  of  3,  we  can  simplify  into  3n  .  So  the  overall  expression  will  be  

3(3!!!!

!!!

)        𝑂𝑅       3!!

!!!