El Arte Romanticismo. Henry Fuseli Condesa de Altamira de Francisco José de Goya.
Pre-Romanticism / Romanticism Dates: c. 1780s / 1800 - c. 1850 Art of Feeling Early Artists -...
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Pre-Romanticism / Romanticism Dates: c. 1780s / 1800 - c. 1850
• Art of Feeling• Early Artists - Francisco de Goya, William Blake, Henry Fuseli• Rebelling against the neoclassical age of reason• Jean Jacques Rousseau - Primal man, human nature, break free of chains• Leading artists: Gericault and Delacroix (French)• Based on: intuition, emotion, and imagination• Influence: Sublime, medieval and romantic tales, poems, baroque eras,
middle and far east• Tone: subjective, spontaneous, non-conformist, broke rules• Color: unrestrained, deep, rich shades, reds, lots of contrast• Subjects: legends, exotica, nature, violence, contemporary history• Genres: narratives of heroic struggle, landscapes, wild animals• Technique: quick brushstrokes, strong light and shade, contrast• Composition: use of the diagonal, unstable, chaotic, dynamic, real,
energetic brush, impact of color, elevation of contemporary and exotic subject matter, “Orientalism”, pursuit of passion,
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Francisco de Goya,1746-1828 (Spanish) Family of Charles IV, 1800
• Rococo painter
• Early Court Portraits
• Court painter
• Tapestry Cartoons
• Man without and Ism”
• Velasquez “Las Meninas”, 1628
• Mockery of royalty
• Painter of the pueblo
• Ilustrado (enlightened)
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Goya, Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters Los Caprichos series, 1797 - 1800
• 80 Etchings
• Satirical prints
• Public vs. private world
• Vices
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Goya, They say yes and give their hand to the first comer, 1798 / You who cannot, 1798
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Goya, The Disasters of War, 1810-1820Spain’s war with France
Printed 35 years after death
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Goya, Executions of the 3rd of May, 1808, 1814
• French Invasion
• Madrilenos resistance
• Ferdinand VII Patron
• Resistance
• Principe Pio (hill)
• Effects of War
• Brushstroke
• Light
• Focal point
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Goya, Chronos Devouring one of his children, 1820• Quinta del Sordo (Deaf’s Mans’ House)
• Black Paintings (Name by Art Historians)
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Goya, Goat, 1823
• Named by his children
• Goat - devil
• Witches Sabbath
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William Blake (1757-1827), Ancient of Days, 1794
• English Romantic Poet, Painter, Illustrator
• Engraver
• Engravings
• Watercolor
• Subjects
• Religion
• History
• Mythology
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Blake, Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed in
the Sun, 1806-9
• Satan
• Woman = Church
• Book of Revelations
• Inspired Harris Novel
• Conflict
• Sublime
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Blake, America: A Prophecy, 1793
History
U.S. and France
Freedom from British Monarchy
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Henry Fuseli (1741-1825), (Swiss)The Nightmare, 1781
• England• Father - Portrait
painter• Priest• Studied
Michelangelo• Fantasy, Sublime• Freud• Mara - N. Mythology• Incubus
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Fuseli, Nightmare (2 versions), 1781, 1802
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Fuseli, The Night-Hag Visiting the Lapland Witches, 1796from: John Milton’s Paradise Lost
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Percival Delivering Belisane from the Enchantment of Urma, 1783
• King Arthur’s Knights
• Maiden
• Urma - Wizard
• Invented scene
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Gericault, Raft of the Medusa, 1818-19 (French)
• “Official” Founder of movement
• Contemporary History
• French colonialists to Senegal
• Primal Emotions
• Anatomical Studies
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Studies
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Gericault, Insane Woman, 1822-23The Woman with Gambling Mania, 1822
England
Etienne Georget, Psychiatrist
Study of Physiognomy
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Gericault, Man with Delusions 1819-22 Portrait of a kleptomaniac, 1819-22
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Delacroix, Death of Sardanapalus, 1826•Student of Guerin & Gericault
•2nd Leader
•Salon shows
•Outspoken
•Byron Play
•Orientalism
• Assyrian
• Imagination
•Chaos, drama
•Heightened emotion
•Rubenite (color)
•Vignette
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Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830
French Revolution
Proletariat - working class
Contemporary History
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Delacroix, Massacre at Scio, 1824
• Greeks Vs. Turks
• War of Independence
• Sickness & despair
• Before Massacre
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Delacroix, Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi, 1827
•Emblematic
•Greek suicide
•Freedom
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Romantic Landscape
•Jean Jacques Rousseau
•Cistercian Abbey
•Near Artist’s home
•Universal Spirit
•Temples
•Altarpieces
•Death/desolation
•Destruction of time
•Unity/harmony
•Sublime
Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840, German)
Abbey in the Oak Forest, 1809-10
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Cloister Graveyard in the Snow, 1810
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Friedrich, Wanderer, , Moonrise over the Sea, 1817•Nostalgia
•Sublime
•Moods
–Isolation
–Loneliness
•Modern Man
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Joseph Mallord Turner, 1175-1851, (English)Burning of the Houses of Lord and Commons, October 16, 1834, 1835
• Abstract
• Elements
• Power
earth, fire, water, air
• Observation
• Layers of pure color
• “painterly”
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Turner, Rain, Steam, and Speed - The Great Western Railway, 1844
• Technology vs. Nature
• Industrial Revolution
• Elements
• Power
• Calmness/order
• Abstract
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Turner, Slave Ship, 1838
•Contemporary events
•Slaves thrown overboard
•Insurance
•Turner’s Style?
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John Constable, The Haywain, 1821
• Stayed close to home
• Skying
• Teacher/Critic
• Meteorologist
• Nostalgia
• Industrialization
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Constable, Hadleigh Castle, Mouth of Thames, Morning after a storm, 1829
• Decay
• Loss
• Sentimentality
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Thomas Cole (1801-48), View of Mt. Holyoke, Northampton, MA, after a thunderstorm (The Oxbow), 1836
English
“Hudson River School”
East Coast
Preservation
Transcendentalism
Manifest Destiny
Moral/religious
AMERICAN ROMANTIC LANDSCAPE PAINTING
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Cole, Course of the Empire, 1836
Savage
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Arcadian
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Consummation
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Destruction
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Desolation
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Bierstadt, Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, 1868
Elements of Romantic landscape paintings?
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Frederick Church (1826-1900), Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860
• Connecticut
• Constructed Landscape
• Student of Cole
• Travels to capture Virgin land
• Divine light
• Pre-Civil war
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Church, Heart of the Andes, 1824
• Columbia
• Ecuador
• Peru
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George Inness, The Lackawanna Valley, 1855
• Pennsylvania
• Signs of Invasion
• Manifest Destiny
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Neoclassicism / Romanticismcompare/contrast
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Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun (1755-1842), Portrait of Marie Antoinette with her Children, 1787
• Guiard and David’s Rival
• Father portrait painter
• French Royal Academy + Academy of St. Luke
• Court Painter
• 900 paintings
• Rubenite
• Personal friend of Queen
• Ideal Queen and Mother
• “Virtuous Women”
• Combat negative press
• References to deceased child
• Never publicly displayed
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Vigee-Lebrun, Self Portrait 1790, Self Portrait with Daughter, 1786
• 40 self-portraits
• Artistic success
• Aristocrats
• Aligned politically with upper classes
• 12 years in exile
• Austria and Russia