PRE-PRODUCTION

PHASE Karen Mahere

Genre is a term used to categorise literature, speech, music, arts and

films. This can be fictional and non-fictional.

However the film industry describes genre as the method that is used to

construct films based on their similarities in the narrative elements.

Genre in film is categorised according to the setting of the film. Films

that have the same genre will contain similar characteristics with it e.g.

Horror will mostly include blood, haunted buildings, weapons, torture

and disfigurements etc. whereas Romantic films will have lust, love,

culture, bad boy/good girl etc.

Christine Gledhill notes that “differences between genres meant

different audiences could be identified and catered to...” this therefore

creates a link between the audience and their chosen genre e.g.

romantic films are usually aimed at women whereas horror films are

mostly seen by men.

WHAT IS GENRE?

WHAT ARE CONVENTIONS?

“A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally

accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria, often

taking the form of a custom.”

The familiar and predictable forms and techniques used by

the media to communicate certain ideas or to convey a

desired impression.

The widely recognised way of doing something within media

mainly concentrate around the content, style and form e.g. the

conventions of music video:

- They are the same length as the song (somewhere around 4

minutes)

-They present the band/singer, who look as though they are

singing

-They have lots of fast edits.

What is a trailer? A trailer tells the story of the film, in an abbreviated format, without

giving away too much, and without showing the ending.

The trailer usually has a series of selected shots – the

funniest/scariest/best clips from the film. However, these are

abbreviated to avoid ruining the overall plot, and leaving enough for

the audience to want to go and seethe film.

Examples of trailers are: Bad Neighbours - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-

zMBXsVaM0&list=TLbN-vzKmmiX_kfF92Tu6wduxn4FbofBoR

The Amazing Spider-Man 2 -

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFN3fwhcdlE&index=7&list=TLbN-

vzKmmiX_kfF92Tu6wduxn4FbofBoR

What is a teaser trailer? “A teaser trailer for an upcoming film, television program, video

game or similar, is usually released long in advance of the product,

so as to "tease" the audience.”

A teaser trailer is a lot shorter compared to a theatrical trailer.

Examples of teaser trailers are: 127 HOURS -

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ba1IhHAqLgw&feature=fvsr

HOW TO TRAIN YOUR DRAGON 2-

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68AqHwgk2s8

Compared to the trailer of The Great Gatsby (1974)

(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MstmidhHNQ)

To it’s 2013 version: The Great Gatsby Official Trailer (2012)

(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OULhlaX6JY4)

How have film trailers become more contemporary?

There is an obvious technological difference between the two movie trailers. The old

Great Gatsby has clearly taken the narrative form of the whole film and portrayed it in

a chronological manner whereas the latest version has gone against the equilibrium

theory so that the different scenes of the movie are totally mixed up to leave the

audience confused. The idea of changing the trailer from the old one helps it to

become more modernised and attractive to the audience. As long as the plot stays

the same. The hedonistic world of drinking, wealth and partying is greatly represented

in both trailers however the camera work in the current version of the movie is

extremely sophisticated, everything seems defined and the you can clearly see the

mise-en-scence, locations and actors compared to the old version of the film. The

technology has advanced at such a great speed that you can easily express it in

format that guarantees that the audience will love it. I noticed the difference in camera

shots and editing effects to make the story come across as another. The non diegetic

sounds that was used was more intelligently done to try to make the audience feel

certain way so that they can relate to the trailer while still intrigued to watch the film

itself.

WHAT MAKES A GOOD MOVIE TRAILER?

Impressions: people are drawn to what they see and hear first, to make a goodtrailer you need to be able to ‘wow’ the audience and make them feel a certainway so that they are intrigued to watch the film when it comes out.

You need to be able to condense the whole movie into a 2 minute clip, for thisto happen you need to pick out the best parts of the film all in whileremembering not to give away any plot twits etc.

Editing: being able to edit a movie trailer you need to have the confidence thatyou can do it sophistically. If you don’t have the knowledge on how to edit thenyour trailer is bound to be not good therefore you cannot attract any audience.

The trailer has to be different, people do not want to see something familiarotherwise they will start comparing it to other trailers. Your ideas has to be freshand new. Having a different soundtrack can play with the audiences emotionstherefore you can control how they feel about the movie, whether it is non-diegetic or diegetic sound.

The trailer has to be the question and the movie has to be the answer, thetrailer should not give away anything that will make the audience lose theirinterest.

Large institutions are bound to have more money to make their trailer comparedto small institutions therefore this makes their trailers more sophisticated andclassy. This means that money has something to do with the outcome of thetrailer.

INDEPENDENT AND CONGLOMERATE COMPANIES: 2

Media conglomeration is the idea of combing two different companies to create a

larger company to enable more success e.g. Time (a publishing company) and

Warner Bros. (a movie/television company) combine to form Time Warner. This is

also an example of Horizontal integration, having companies like this means that you

can spend more money on special effects, HD equipment, 3D, actors and actresses.

An example of a movie that required companies to synergise was Gravity -Warner

Bros and 20th Century Fox; which is known for its high quality films such as X-men,

Star Wars and Titanic. worked together to distribute the movie so that it can be more

successful. As the audience you are more likely to watch a trailer/film that has been

distributed by a company that you know hence why they make a lot more money.

INDEPENDENT AND CONGLOMERATE

COMPANIES: 2

Audiences will be much more interested in seeing the quality of a film trailer if they

are aware they have had a lot of money within their budget to spend on making

the movie. This is already a disadvantage for an independent company because

they lack the money to hire famous actors, equipment and to make good special

effects. An example of this is the film “Room 8”. This film was only dependent on

one production company hence why it wasn’t successful in other countries unlike

Gravity.

But, a smaller budget is harder to work with because they can not invest in

equipment that can make their true vision of the story this therefore effects the

originality of the film. It also presents the idea that their trailer was quite effective if

they were able to attract audiences to watch it even if the trailer was of a low

quality.

The film was overall successful due to the amount of awards that it won which

lead it to more people watching it.

CONCLUSION By doing the research, I have discovered what is required to

make a movie trailer and as well as what is needs to be done

in a trailer. Looking at different areas within the film industry

has made it easier to choose what I want to do for my

course. I chose the genre horror because it was the most

fascinating for me and I would like to research more on it

however I would also like to study and understand other

genres so that I know why certain elements are used within a

trailer. To understand why some shots are used, mise-en-

scene, sound and other features to make the trailer more

appealing to watch. Looking at this will help me construct my

very own trailer because I will know how to structure and

produce it.

HORROR

WHY DO PEOPLE WATCH HORROR MOVIES?

Horror movies are watched as a form of escapism and to create an adrenaline rush in

the audience. However, the subject of this is connected strongly to the uses and

gratification theory which explains the reason why any audience is consumed by a

certain text. This theory explains that media is created in order to fulfil the audiences

needs and it is done because of:

Gender Socialisation- research has shown that more men enjoy scary films than

women, this may be due to the fact that men see themselves as brave and enjoy

threatening things.

Surveillance- this is the idea of where the audience feel safe that they aren't in the film

themselves. They will be feeling secure because they are behind the screen so that

they are not in the position of the person who is scared or hurt.

Personal identity- Some audience relate directly to the characters or even have

similar characteristics with the character/characters in the film.

Personal relationships- People go to the movies to associate with friends and family.

Its an activity that can easily bond people together. Its something to talk about in a

conversation and they can relate through the basis of the film.

Escapism- the audience will watch a horror movie in order to relax from their daily

problems and stress. It’s the idea of watching the film and not think about anything

except for what is being portrayed to you. Some audience even imagine themselves

as a character within the film itself.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: LIGHTING Low lighting in the film usually

represents the villain/the supernatural creature however you wont be able to see them clearly until they have been revealed to you properly in a particular scene.

High key lighting female lead

Generally dark lighting throughout the whole movie so that a dark eerie atmosphere can be created for the audience.

Tinted lighting

Night vision is mainly used when the characters within the film are viewing a found footage that explains/gives clues to what happened in the past.

At the scariest moment possible, the lights usually goes out which creates a scarier atmosphere.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: LOCATION

Within a horror movie, they mostly

have a secluded location where they

enjoy placing their characters in a

situation where there is no one

around to help them e.g.:

• Abandoned house in the middle of

nowhere

• The woods

• An abandoned amusement park

This brings out the idea that when the

evil/supernatural things happen, no

one would save the character that is

about to be a victim. These places are

meant to be dangerous and

intimidating to the characters.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: NARRATIVE FORMAT

Equilibrium- at the beginning of the filmyou have what we call the balance/peacewhere everything is undisturbed where all thecharacters are introduced etc.

The disturbed peace is then disrupted by aperson/death/monster. This is the middle ofthe film where everything starts to go wrong

Near to the end of the film, the problem isestablished and the resume of normalityonce again takes place.

Horror films are usually in a chronologicalorder unless there are flashbacks that helpsus understand the film

Sometimes the film includes love storybetween the main character with someone.

A mystery horror creates a puzzle for theaudience which helps to intrigue them andkeep them focused

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: SOUND Violent sound effects are presented

within a trailer, horror films areextremely known for their dramaticintense music which helps to portray thecharacters fear or draw in the audienceeven more into the film. Sound isimportant because it helps to manipulatethe audience feelings in the way you wantthem to feel. This will make the trailer alot better because sound is so powerful totheir feelings. These are some of theways that can help to create theatmosphere you want for a horror movie:

Eerie music

Sound motif

Combination of loud and quiet

Sudden explosion of sound

Whispers

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: MISE-EN-SCENE

Is a French term meaning what is put into ascene or frame. It has five elements within it(focusing on horror):

Make up- blood, special effects, stereotypegenre

Props- killing weapon, blood (extremegore), Locked doors, Torch light, Abandonedbuilding/house

Costume- masks, aspects of genre, monster(dark), victim (light)

Location- dark isolated, woods, graveyardsetc.

Set film-mixture of urban and rural, mostlyrural

Mise-en-scene is known for enhancing thefear in horror films. It helps control how theaudience feel and react to the film itself.Horror films are known for their low keylighting which creates suspension and theaudience an idea that something negative isabout to happen.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: CAMERA ANGLES

Low key light emphasises themonsters territory.

High angle mainly shows thevictims in horror films that lack inpower, they are seen as helpless andweek compared to low angle victims.

Pan and track is mainly used duringa chase scene. This allows theaudience to keep up with thecharacters in the film.

Point of view shows empathy withvictim therefore it can easily berelatable to the audience becausethey are put in the shoes of thecharacter.

Medium shots are usually shown indistance with the monster.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: CHARACTERS

The most vulnerable characters in horror films are

usually females. This is because they are

stereotyped as the weaker sex, and make for the

easiest victims. Males are usually portrayed as the

stronger and more rational character, who has to

protect the female.

There is always a damsel in distress within horror

movies however its mostly the promiscuous girl

that gets punished for being sexually active.

Heroic failure and the heroic

Monster/killer- the killer is either a supernatural

species or an ordinary person who has suffered

some kind of great trauma, abuse or injustice in

their life. The killer is masked to console the

killers identity until the final scene.

The victims are never random, they are mostly

linked to the killers past.

Some characters have the obvious fate to die until

the heroic figure comes out with a plan to save

them all.

DECONSTRUCTION OF “THE CONJOURING” TRAILER. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k10ETZ41

q5o

In the beginning of ‘The Conjuring’ trailer, they followed the typical convention of

most trailers by presenting all the institutions involved in the creation of the film.

Mentioning institutions, alerts the audience watching just what type of trailer it will.

Displaying who was part of the making of the film can allow any audience to know

about their reputation of quality of films/trailers as well as if they ever had a

complaint (about if the trailer was inappropriate to be shown the time or channel it

did) they would be able to go to ASA –’Advertising Standards Authority’- to which

they could complain about the film as well as the institution who helped make and

release it. The white, black and grey helps the audience to recognize the type of

trailer it I sand they should also expect what they are going to be watching.

This is when the whole feel of the trailer changes – the

music stops, and an eerie silence takes its place. We see

the first glimpse of the words that are slightly explaining

what is happening without giving anything away.

Slow motion was used when these shots where being

portrayed compared to the average speed in order to isolate

this scene specifically as an important part of the film which

is where everything that goes wrong beings. At this point of

the trailer there is a disruption of the equilibrium by some

action. In the middle of the shots there are different scenes

that relate to what is being said. This helps the audience to

understand what is happening.

THE CONJURING

The trailer then does something

typical which is common in a lot

of trailers which is introducing the

things that effect people the most,

the grave yard, the skull, cross

and the dead baby doll. This

emphasises on what the film is

associated with as well as what

the audience should expect.

THE CONJURING

• To present the location of situation, establishing shots are used as well as long shots

• Handheld which makes the film/trailer appear more realistic and making it more believable

• Tracking to follow a character

• Dolly- gives the illusion that the character is being stalked or followed, usually shot from in front or behind

• Point of view shot – so the audience watching can feel as if they are looking through the eyes of the character the fact that we can see through a point of view shot makes the audience’s fears come alive whether it be elevators or claustrophobia which may make it even more exciting to watch.

THE CONJURING

Within the conjuring trailer, everything seems to be calm, the family is happy and there are no disruptions until the supernatural events start occurring.

The fact that the woman is being pulled across the room helps to create a even bigger theme of suspense.

By showing snippets of what is going to happen in the film and giving out a part of the monsters face helps to raise questions that can only be answered I you watch the film.

THE CONJURING Before the clear sign that the

disruption has been

recognised, the trailer cleverly

presented a woman who is

being pulled away from her

own bed without the trailer

showing us what it is.

The intense non diegetic

music presents to us that

there is more to the film and

the next scene shows random

picture frames falling down.

These type of events helps to

raise the enigma code.

Using low key lighting during

the entire time, kept the

audience reminded that the

film is darker than it intends to

show and with the text on

screen which imitated a

process of thoughts, the

readers thoughts on the film

are most definitely confirmed.

ROMANCE

WHY DO PEOPLE WATCH ROMANTIC

MOVIES?

The belief in “idealisation of partner.”

To learn about love and relationships were more likely to endorse

idealistic romantic beliefs than those who watch for other reasons.

To relate your own life to the perfect relationship on screen.

Idea of escapism- Seeing two people fall in love allows you to live

vicariously one of the great moments of the humans experience. The

audience will watch a romantic movie in order to relax from their daily

problems and stress. It’s the idea of watching the film and not think

about anything except for what is being portrayed to you. Some

audience even imagine themselves as a character within the film itself.

To distract people from their daily problems such as depression, anger

and other emotional pain.

Personal Identity- the idea of romantic films is to help someone

discover themselves towards what they like and don’t like. It allows

you to realise what you want/need in your own life.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS:

LOCATION

Romantic films mainly introducetheir characters at differentsettings. The different locationsmainly include schools, exoticbuildings, urban areas. Thishelps by making the film a lotmore realistic and they happen tobe positive places. The settingsof the film usually gives awaywhat the plot of the film is like.E.g. the beach represents carefree teenagers whereas if it is ina city it shows that its going to bea mature romantic films witholder people. This makes ithighly important to choose alocation that relates to your storyline.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: LOVE

Love is of course a major convention

when it comes to a romantic film. This

is the main purpose for the fil. The film

trailer expresses this genre by using

soft music, bright colours and the two

beautiful protagonists. There is

usually more characters within the film

e.g. family, friends and even pets that

helps to portray the love within the film

and therefore has a larger impact on

the audience. This is what the

audience want to see, whether it is

real or not.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: MISE-EN-

SCENE Romantic trailers the props and

costumes involve clothing that arebrightly coloured- which often reflectsthe personality of the character-. Thismay also represent positive thingssuch as a meaningful charm braceletor precious love letters.

The props and costumes reflect on thesituation but mostly the personality ofthe character. If it is a romantic filmincluding a 'bad boy' he may evenhave a gun just to go against theusual convention which either makesthe trailer even more exciting or mayeven put some audiences off.Romantic trailers will want to showprops an audience can relate to andwill like as well as ensuring that theyare modern enough and even 'ontrend'. This makes sure the rightaudience is attracted and keptwatching.

There is always the typical things in aromantic film like the lighting, musicand the obvious beautiful people.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: SOUND

When it comes to sound within atrailer, it is a key element in terms ofwhether the audience feels theyhave connected with the film andtherefore decide to watch it. Bothdiegetic and non diegetic aresounds as each other in terms ofmaking the audience feel a certainway which will make them want towatch the film. Though non diegeticsound like music is important as itcan change emotion, diegeticsounds like someone crying oreven a powerful sentence can bringjust the same effect.

Romantic films mostly have slowdramatic but soft music. Thisdepends on the scene however ithas a large impact because thesound manipulates the audiencesfeelings.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS:

CHARACTERS

The characters are usually inthe form of a man and awoman, these characters arealways introduced at the start ofthe trailer/film since they are themain focus. The woman ismostly the damsel in distresswhereas the man is the hero.Within a romantic film it ismainly 2 main characters/loveinterests. The rest of thecharacters are either the familyor the friends of the lovers. Thewoman is seen as the eyebeholder of the man, she is theone that usually saves him fromfalling to the bad side. This ispresented in the trailer forevery romantic film howeverwith a twist to it.

P.S. I LOVE YOU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZzW6_hR068

P.S. I LOVE YOU As the trailer begins, it is seen that it

does not follow the same method as

a horror film would, though it begins

with the approval from the Motion

Picture Association of America

because the film is American, it

does not introduce all the

institutions involved except for the

main one, it straight away gets to

the beginning of the trailer. Being a

romantic film it traditionally begins

by introducing the main characters-

often only two- and tells their

‘situation’ up until they meet their

potential ‘partner’. Starting with a

blank screen allows all the focus on

the film and nothing about the. The

lighting of the film started to set the

mood straight after this shot.

P.S. I LOVE YOU The shot presented is a wide

establishing shot that defines

where it is and the time of the

year.

This is seen as quite

conventional for a romantic film

in the case that the film is set

in city as well as at the time of

a happy festival (Christmas).

This also shows that this type

of romantic film is going to be

based around two adults who

live within the city. Also shows

the time of the year that most

people would want to stay in

the house and watch romantic

movies with your partner.

P.S. I LOVE YOU

Trailer then introduces their

institution with positive non

diegetic music , giving the

trailer a lighter tone and

changing the low key lighting

to something much more

bright as well as his shown

setting too. This presents

another side to the character

with this two person shot. The

red outfit shows the woman

who is our main protagonist.

P.S. I LOVE YOU

Romantic trailers are commonly known for presented intimate, loving or sexual scenes. this way the audience are aware of the level of appropriateness it is as well as they type of romance you will see- whether it be erotic or simply modest. modest. A side close up shot is effective as it presents love, comfort and privacy through the use of a dim lighting that has a bright background. it displays the fact that she is alone and together, but the audience is able to put themselves in that position too because of how private it is and at the fact they are looking in on it.

The idea o the country side shows the quiet romantic side that will eventually bring people together.

P.S. I LOVE YOU

A medium close up in order to present

emotion as well as show the true

friendship of how women share

everything. This is extremely popular

within horror films.

The idea of the letters shows that that

is the main point of the entire film and

everything is going to be based on it.

THRILLER

WHY DO PEOPLE WATCH THRILLER

MOVIES?

The aim of the thriller genre is to create suspense and excitement for

the audience.

The tension that builds up in the movie makes the audience raise

the enigma code, they start wondering questions like "what would I

do if I were in their situation?" “Would I run or would I hide?”. You

tend to place myself in the movie and sometimes criticise what the

character does in the movie.

To gain an adrenaline rush while the gory and horrible things are happening

to the characters. It’s the way of the audience to fantasise themselves as the

character and to also relate to what they would do in that situation.

The main idea of a thriller film is to manipulate the audiences feelings by

making them feel unsafe, have anxiety and to be in a nerve wracking

situation.

‘The genre thriller and other suspense films are virtually synonymous

and interchangeable categorizations, with similar characteristics and

features’.

TYPES OF THRILLERS

Plots of thrillers usually involve

characters which come into battle with

each other or with outside forces - the

threat is sometimes abstract or sinister.

Romantic comedy thrillers

Musical thrillers

Western thrillers

Film-noir thrillers

Espionage-spy thrillers

Action or adventure thrillers

Sci-fi thrillers

Crime-police thrillers

CODES AND CONVENTIONS:

LIGHTING

Shadows are closely related with low

key lighting and are used as a

convention of a thriller film

Black and white is another of the

conventions of a thriller, because it

accentuates the use of shadows, and

can often appear quite eerie and

‘dark’.

Within thriller films mirrors are used to

portray the reflections of a persons

soul and their inner self. Mirrors can

also foreshadow the darkness within

certain characters expressing inside

emotions they may not want to reveal.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS:

LOCATION

Thriller films are known for

their busy streets and

environment of an urban area.

These type of locations allows

the audience to think about

how this can happen anyway.

The idea of a location is to set

the atmosphere of the help to

also construct the

characteristics of the

characters.

Places like the police building,

psychiatric hospital and

abandoned buildings are

expected within a thriller film.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: MISE-EN-

SCENE The location is important for the film

because it help the audience establish the theme.

Costumes- antagonist will be in dark clothes if you see them. Protagonist will be in ordinary everyday clothes

Film stoke (Black & White, or colour, Fine-grain or grainy)

Thriller trailers tend to reveal the working of a particular institutions such as the police or even the government.

Props and costumes like: knives, suites, guns, secret files and badges are expected to be seen in this genre, this gives the effect of professionalism for trailers and helps the audience to visualise themselves in the same situation.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS: CAMERA

ANGLES

There will be a lot of close ups andextreme close ups of the protagonistcharacter, this is often to show theiremotions, also it can be used to focuson props to aid the narrative.

The shots of the antagonistic characterwill be cut quickly and will aim to hidetheir identity, e.g. A shot of the back ofthem, a low key shot, the silhouette, orshadow of the character

The camera angles are there to showdifferent facial expressions and bodylanguage. By using a wide range ofcamera angles this can help captureevery emotion present within a film,making the audience feel like they areobserving alongside during the durationof the film

CODES AND CONVENTIONS:

CHARACTERS

The protagonist is often a brave malewho seeks to restore the equilibrium

The antagonist will have a hiddenidentity that the audience will uncoveras the film progresses. Often theantagonist goes out for revenge froma past event.

The careless teenagers who often getkilled first.

Creepy children.

Authority figures, such as police

The hero of a thriller film is usually theonly one who can solve the enigmaand reveal the truth, the villain isusually more violent because the ideaof a thriller is to include a psychoticside in order to be able to make thefilm more interesting.

THE DEPARTED http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=auYbpnEwBBg

THE DEPARTED

The trailer instantly begins with both exaggerated

diegetic sound and non diegetic sound of

someone taking. The music used is intense, and

daunting as if they are stepping into something

they shouldn’t be. The lighting is quite low in

order to display that something is going to get

wrong. As the trailer goes on, with almost the

diegetic sound of the man talking turning into a

voice over, a medium wide shot of the main

character is shown in order to introduce him

I have noticed that serious types of genres like horror

and thriller, tend to add a lot of blank screens within

their trailers to create a more dramatic effect of

suspense which leaves the audience watching the

trailer wanted more. It also gives time for the non

diegetic to be the main focus and keep the audience

steady in the emotion they feel as they watch it.

THE DEPARTED

The lighting has remained the same which does

set the tone of the film already through the trailer.

The typical codes and conventions of a thriller are

then shown in the trailer i.e. the guns, police

office and detective and the police man.

Using a close up shot on

the police man is

extremely effective as

most of the attention is on

him. The fact that you can

see every emotion of the

character makes it so

much more powerful and

realistic to watch.

Lighting is extremely important within serious

genres films/trailers as it sets a tone which the

audience tends to remember and hold on to. If

also tells the audience that is it a serious

situation and that they should then feel a certain

way. As well as this, darkness is a key factor in

hiding something 'evil' or even putting fear in the

audience because they themselves don't know

what is there. this in all enlarges the sense of

mystery within a thriller trailer.

With a flash, in introduces

the many distributing

company, signifying that

they are the main institution

involved all while adding

intense loud bangs when

something important

appears on screen.

Throughout the trailer we

witness the different text

that makes us raise

questions that can only be

answered in the film. This

helps to keep the audience

fascinated to what they are

talking about.

CONCLUSION

By conducting research about the codes and

conventions of a horror, romance and thriller genres I

have learnt that they play a key part within the films.

They help to create tensions and are capable of

manipulating the audience feelings in different ways.

This helps to keep audience engaged throughout the

films. Codes and conventions are also what makes a

film so mesmerizing, keeping audiences at the edge of

their seat constantly waiting for something to happen

due to whatever codes and conventions are present

within that film. The location, characters, lighting and

the other aspects of the codes and conventions help to

set the mood and they all play a different role to make

one master piece.