Pre-modern European Migrations: Germanic MigrationsLeft map from Lynn Hunt, The Making of the West, Volume 1, 3rd edition; right map from Barbara Rosenwein, A Short History of the Middle Ages, 3rd edition.

• Ostrogothic Italy• Theodoric, r. 489-526• Athalaric, r. 526-534• Amalasuintha, r. 534-535• Justinian’s war in Italy, 535-

561• Lombard Italy• Lombard invasion, 560s• King in Pavia, dukes in

Benevento and Spoleto• Rothari’s Edict, 643• Conversion to Catholicism

in 671

Left—tomb of Theodoric, Ravenna, Italy, 6th century AD; center—Ostrogothic eagle fibula (brooch), c. 500 AD, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg; right—silver Ostrogothic buckle, c. 6 th center AD, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Pre-modern European Migrations: Germanic MigrationsMap from Lynn Hunt, The Making of the West, Volume 1, 3rd edition.

• The Vandals and North Africa• Conquest of North Africa, 429-439• Sack of Rome, 455• Establishment of Arian church

alongside the Catholic church• The Vandal War, 533-534• Eastern Emperor Justinian I, r.

527-565

Vandal artifacts: left—a silver denarius of Hilderic (r. 523-530), from CoinArchives.com; right—Vandal goldfoil necklace, 4th-5th century AD, Kunsthistoriches Museum, Vienna, Austria.

Spread of Christianity, 300-600Map from Lynn Hunt, The Making of the West, Volume I, 3rd edition.

Pre-modern European Migrations: Germanic MigrationsMap from Lynn Hunt, The Making of the West, Volume I, 3rd edition.

• The Frankish Carolingian dynasty, 751-875/911/987• Charlemagne, r. 768-814• Campaigns against other

Germanic tribes, 772-806• Desire for conquest and the

spread of Christianity• Image as a Romanized Frankish

king• Emphasis on education,

literacy, coinage, imperial rule (over state and church)

Left—an imperial denier of Charlemagne, c. 812-814, Cabinet des Médailles, Paris; right—a gold bust of Charlemagne, Treasury of Aachen Cathedral, 14th century.

Charlemagne’s cathedral at Aachen, Aachen established as his capital, 794.

Pre-modern European Migrations: Germanic MigrationsMap from Lynn Hunt, The Making of the West, Volume I, 3rd edition.

• Louis the Pious, king and emperor r. 814-840• Conflict with his sons—Lothar, Pepin (d.

838), Louis, and Charles• Partible inheritance

• Treaty of Verdun, 843• Lothar inherited Lotharingia (Alsace-

Lorraine) and the imperial title• Louis the German inherited Eastern Francia• Charles the Bald inherited Western Francia

• End of the Carolingian dynasty• Lotharingia-875; east Francia/Germany-911;

west Francia/France-987

Germanic genetic (left) and linguistic (right) legacy in EuropeMaps from Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, The History and Geography of Human Genes.