AP Biology

Pre AP BiologyDNA Control Mechanisms 1Francois Jacob (sitting) & Jacques Monod (standing)

Operon RegulationPromoterPromoterDNAtrpRRegulatorygeneRNApolymerasemRNA35ProteinInactiverepressorTryptophan absent, repressor inactive, operon onmRNA 5trpEtrpDtrpCtrpBtrpAOperatorStart codonStop codontrp operonGenes of operonEPolypeptides that make upenzymes for tryptophan synthesisDCBA3

Operon RepressorDNAProteinTryptophan(corepressor)Tryptophan present, repressor active, operon offmRNAActiverepressorNo RNA made4

RepressorDNAlaclRegulatorygenemRNA53RNApolymeraseProteinActiverepressorNoRNAmadelacZPromoterOperatorLactose absent, repressor active, operon off5

Operon and InducersDNAlaclmRNA53lac operonLactose present, repressor inactive, operon onlacZlacYlacARNApolymerasemRNA 5ProteinAllolactose(inducer)Inactiverepressor-GalactosidasePermeaseTransacetylase6

Transposon - BasicInsertion sequenceTransposase gene53Invertedrepeat35Invertedrepeat

7Chromatin vs. Chromosomes appearance within the cell.

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DNA Control stages in Protein SynthesisSignalNUCLEUSDNARNAChromatinGene availablefor transcriptionGeneExonIntroTranscriptionPrimary transcriptRNA processingCapTailmRNA in nucleusTransport to cytoplasmCYTOPLASMmRNA in cytoplasmTranslationDegradationof mRNAPolypeptideCleavageChemical modificationTransport to cellulardestinationDegradation of proteinActive proteinDegraded protein9Post Translation Control of exons

10Post translation control How many As on the tail?

11ChaperoninProtein will stay in the cell

12RERProtein will leave the cell

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