Praying Mantis Lapbook

Praying Mantis Research & Lessons

Classification There are about 2,200 kinds of praying mantises.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Anthropoda Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder: Dictyoptera Order: Mantodea

Relatives Termites and cockroaches are closely related to mantises.

Where Are They Found? Mantises are found in temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions. They live on every continent except Antarctica.

Where Do They Live? Praying mantises do not build homes, such as nests or hives, the way some other insects do. Instead, they live in trees, shrubs, flowers, or grass. Mantises find homes where they can hide or camouflage themselves. For example, the dead-leaf mantis looks like dried, crumpled leaves which help it blend in with the rotting leaves that are its home.

Most adult mantises live their whole lives in one place. They tend to stay in one or two bushes or trees throughout their whole lives.

Anatomy Like other insects, a praying mantis’ body is divided into three parts (head, thorax, and abdomen), six legs and two large compound eyes.

Most mantises are brown or green but some are white, pink, or purple.

1. Exoskeleton It has a long body with a tough outer shell called an exoskeleton. If you touch a mantis, the exoskeleton makes its body feel like tough plastic. This exoskeleton covers its entire body, even its eyes. It is made up of separate plates connected by stretchy tissue and that lets the mantis bend and move. The exoskeleton protects the mantis’ body like a suit of armor. And, like a suit of armor, it doesn’t grow so a mantis has to molt, or shed, its exoskeleton when it becomes too tight for its growing body.

2. Head and Eyes The mantis has a triangle-shaped head with sharp mouthparts made for chewing live prey. Its two long, thin antennae, or feelers, help it find food. It often nods and tilts its head from side to side to size up its potential prey and to estimate the distance for its attack. It can even turn its head up to 300 degrees, or almost a full circle, so it can easily spot predators or prey from as far away as sixty feet. This is something that no other insect can do! A praying mantis has two large compound eyes on its head which gives it excellent eyesight. Each eye is made up of hundreds of lenses. What a praying mantis sees with its eyes is like someone watching hundreds of TVs all at once from the same channel. Along with its compound eyes, a mantis also has three simple eyes that are arranged in a triangle between its antennae. Insect scientists, also called entomologists, think these simple eyes can tell the difference between light and dark while the compound eyes see images and colors.

3. Legs The mantis has three pairs of jointed legs. The front pair has spines and hooks that are used to catch and hold its prey. It usually folds these legs as if it were saying its prayers. This is why people call it a “praying mantis”. These legs, along with its four wings, are attached to its thorax.

4. Ear Many kinds of mantises also have a slit on the underside of their thorax. This slit serves as their ear. Scientists think that mantises are the only animals with just one ear! This ear is especially good at detecting a bat’s sonar clicks.

Smallest and Largest Most mantises grow to between two and five inches but some are much smaller and others are much larger.

The Bolbe pygmaea mantis is one of the smallest at less than one inch long while the Malaysian mantis is one of the largest at ten inches.

They Are Hunters Mantises hardly ever stalk their prey. Instead, they are ambush hunters. This means that they remain perfectly still, waiting and watching for their prey to come by. Once an insect or other tasty animal is close enough to the mantis, it will grab the animal with its spiny front legs and bite the back of its neck to kill it. The mantis’ lightning-fast attacks are so fast that, often, human eyes cannot detect them.

A praying mantis will only eat live prey. If it drops part of the prey it’s eating, like a wing or leg, the mantis will not pick it up. After it finishes eating, the mantis will groom itself like a cat. First, it cleans its front legs. Then, it uses them to clean every part of its head: eyes, feelers, everything.

What They Like to Eat Mantises mainly eat insects like grasshoppers, butterflies, moths, flies, aphids, bees, wasps, beetles, and caterpillars but some of the larger ones will also eat small tree frogs, soft shell turtles, lizards, small mammals like mice, and even hummingbirds!

Their Predators Baby mantises like to be eaten by lizards, spiders, frogs, ants, and … even other baby mantises!

Adult praying mantises are eaten mainly by birds, bats, larger spiders, and snakes.

Defenses Praying mantises have various ways of protecting themselves from their predators.

1. Camouflage One way is by using camouflage. This means that they can hide by blending in with their surroundings. Some mantises look like green twigs. Others look like dead leaves. Still others look like colorful tropical flowers. Some mantises can even change color.

2. Fly Away If camouflage doesn’t work and a predator spots a praying mantis, the mantis will fly away or drop to the ground in a spiral pattern.

3. Fearsome Behavior If there’s no possibility of flying away from a predator, the mantis might face that predator, rear up, and open its jaws. It may also raise its front legs and make a hissing sound by rattling its wings to try to scare the predator away. It may even lunge, or rush forward, at a predator, even if that animal is much larger than itself.

4. Markings that Confuse Another way that some praying mantises defend themselves is by having markings on its body that can confuse predators. Several types of mantises have big spots on their backs which look like large eyes when the mantis spreads its wings. These “eyes” can surprise a predator which gives the mantis the opportunity to make a quick getaway.

Reproduction and Lifecycle The three growth stages (egg, nymph, and adult) the mantis goes through are known as simple metamorphosis. They usually live for three to nine months.

1. Egg Stage Around late summer, the abdomen of the female mantis is full of eggs. When she’s ready to find a mate to fertilize her eggs, she gives off a chemical called a pheromone. It’s like a perfume and, when a male mantis

senses it with his antennae, he will know that the female mantis will welcome him. Once he knows it’s safe to approach her, he performs a little dance where he spreads his wings and curls his abdomen to get her attention. If the female likes what she sees, she will hold out her front legs which scientists think is a signal to let the male know that she will not hurt him. This is important because some female mantises will bite the head off the male if he gets too close and she’s not ready to mate. By the way, mantises can live for days without their heads!

About nine days after the mantises mate, the female will search for a stem or branch well above the ground to protect her eggs from predators. Once she finds the perfect spot, she hangs upside down from the branch and white foam that looks like whipped cream and made of protein starts to flow out from her ovipositor which is located at the very end of her abdomen. Her abdomen then moves in circles to form an egg case, called an ootheca, out of the foam. Then, she quickly lays her 50-300 eggs in this foam before it hardens. The hardened egg case is about the size and color of a walnut. This case serves as a safe home for her eggs. It can survive wind, snow, and rain. It also keeps out egg-eating enemies like ants and spiders. The female mantis makes several eggs cases before winter comes. Once she has laid her eggs, the female mantis’ job is done. She will never meet or raise her young. In fact, she will not live much longer after she’s finished making her last egg case.

2. Nymph Stage In the spring, the days warm up which is the signal for baby mantises to push through slits located at the bottom of the egg case. These young mantises are called nymphs or mantids. They are no bigger than a mosquito. They look like tiny adult mantises but are the color of honey and have no wings. Once they’ve pushed out of the egg sac, the nymphs dangle upside down from thin threads then drop to the ground and run for shelter before any predators can spot them. Soon after, they shed their exoskeletons for the first time in order to grow. This is called molting. A nymph molts by hanging upside down from a plant stem. Its skin splits open and the nymph wiggles out of it. A nymph goes through six to ten molts, becoming larger each time, until it’s fully grown. The last time it molts, it will finally have fully formed wings. A young mantis is born

knowing how to survive. Its front legs are ready to catch and hold prey. Its sharp mouth parts are ready to bite and chew. Before its first day is over, some nymphs will even eat their brothers and sisters if they’re hungry enough!

3. Adult Age Despite its strong survival skills, many nymphs get eaten by predators like larger insects, spiders, and birds while others drown in spring rains. The nymphs who do manage to survive will reach adulthood in late summer when they will begin to look for mates to start the life cycle all over again.

Vocabulary Words Abdomen – the large read section of an insect’s body.Ambush – to wait quietly then attack suddenly. Arthropod – an animal that has an exoskeleton instead of bones inside its body. Camouflage – any disguise that hides or protects. Compound eye – eye that has many lenses. Entomologist – a scientists who studies insects. Exoskeleton – The hard outer shell of an insect’s body.Feelers – rod-like organs on an insect’s head which they use to smell and feel.Lunge – to rush forward. Mantid – a young praying mantis. Metamorphosis – change in form that some insects go through during their natural development. Molting – the act of shedding skin, feathers, or exoskeleton. Nymph – the young of certain kids of insects. Ootheca – insect egg case. Ovipositor – organ on a female insect used for depositing eggs. Pheromone – a chemical substance, much like perfume, made by an insects or other animal. Predator – an animal that kills other animals for food. Prey-animal that is hunted by another animal for food. Simple eyes – eyes that are only able to sense light from dark. Stalk – to follow something closely and secretly. Thorax – the body part between the head and the abdomen of an insect.

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____

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t the

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Fol

d lo

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at d

otte

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. G

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ter p

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to

the

insi

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f the

long

er

piec

e.

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

Die

tD

iet

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iet

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

How

do m

ant

ises

defe

nd o

r H

ow

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ant

ises

defe

nd o

r H

ow

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ant

ises

defe

nd o

r H

ow

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ises

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nd o

r pro

tect

them

selv

es f

rom

pro

tect

them

selv

es f

rom

pro

tect

them

selv

es f

rom

pro

tect

them

selv

es f

rom

pre

dato

rs?

pre

dato

rs?

pre

dato

rs?

pre

dato

rs?

Cut b

oth

piec

es o

ut a

t the

so

lid li

nes.

Fol

d lo

nger

pie

ce

at d

otte

d lin

es (m

atch

book

st

yle)

. G

lue

shor

ter p

iece

to

the

insi

de o

f the

long

er

piec

e.

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

Defe

nse

D

efe

nse

D

efe

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D

efe

nse

S

trate

gie

sS

trate

gie

sS

trate

gie

sS

trate

gie

s

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

___

Class

ification

Class

ification

Class

ification

Class

ification

Inform

ation

Inform

ation

Inform

ation

Inform

ation

Kingdo

mKingdo

mKingdo

mKingdo

m

Phylum

Phylum

Phylum

Phylum

Cut o

ut b

ook

as o

ne p

iece

. Fol

d le

ft s

ide

unde

r. Fo

ld ri

ght s

ide

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r (it

is th

e co

ver)

. Unf

old

book

. Cut

on

the

two

lines

bet

wee

n th

e na

mes

to

form

thre

efla

ps.

King

dom

: A

nim

alia

Phyl

um:

Ant

hrop

oda

Clas

s:

Inse

cta

Subc

lass

: Pt

eryg

ota

Infr

acla

ss:

Neo

pter

aSu

pero

rder

: D

icty

opte

raO

rder

: M

anto

dea

Inform

ation

Inform

ation

Inform

ation

Inform

ation

Phylum

Phylum

Phylum

Phylum

Class

Class

Class

Class

Subclas

sSubclas

sSubclas

sSubclas

s

Infrac

lass

Infrac

lass

Infrac

lass

Infrac

lass

Superorder

Superorder

Superorder

Superorder

Order

Order

Order

Order

Prin

t on

card

stoc

k. C

ut e

ach

piec

e ou

t on

the

solid

bla

ck li

nes.

Att

ach

with

a b

rass

fast

ener

whe

re in

dica

ted.

If y

ou n

eed

mor

e pi

eces

, pri

nt p

age

two.

Book LogBook LogBook LogBook LogBook LogBook LogBook LogBook Log

Body P

art

sB

ody P

art

sB

ody P

art

sB

ody P

art

s

Cut o

ut a

ll of

the

piec

es.

Stac

k to

geth

er fr

om s

mal

lest

to la

rges

t with

cov

er o

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tapl

e at

the

top.

Leg

sLeg

sLeg

sLeg

s

Ab

dom

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Ab

dom

en

Ab

dom

en

Ab

dom

en

Thora

xT

hora

xT

hora

xT

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x

Exo

skele

ton

Exo

skele

ton

Exo

skele

ton

Exo

skele

ton

Head

Head

Head

Head

Cut o

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ook

as o

ne

piec

e on

sol

id li

nes.

Fo

ld a

t dot

ted

lines

.

Pra

yin

g M

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g M

anti

sP

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t out

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ical

ly a

nd c

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P

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vert

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Anato

my W

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s:A

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Abdom

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f the

bo

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Win

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Answ

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Answ

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Answ

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Key

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