Pratiyogitadarpan Nov09

egsUê tSu·lEiknd`‚

f^; ikBd`ks`!vkid`h ¥ksd`f^; ,oa lokZxzx≥; if(d`k ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ d`k uoEcj vad` vkids` le” ^Lrqr d`jrs gq, geÍ g"Z gks jgk

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fofHUu izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ eÍ ¥kHnk;d` gksus d`h n~fÆV ls bl vad` eÍ vusd` egRoiw.Z fo";kÍ d`k fo'¥s".kRed` fucU÷kkÍds` Ôi eÍ v÷;;u d`jk;k x;k gS\ bueÍ ls dq`N fucU÷k bl ^d`kj gß%oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ls (Lr fu|Zu ns'k] fo'o eÍ efg¥kvf|d`kjkÍ d`h fLFkfr] i;kZoj. ^cU|u vkfn\

if(d`k ds` lokZf|d` egRoiw.Z Hkx eÍ fofHUu izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ ds` p;fur iz'u-i( vko';d` O;k“;k ,oa lads`rkÍ ds` lkFkfn, x, gß\ bueÍ ls dq`N ^'u–i( bl ^d`kj gß%

lkekU; v÷;;u%vkxkeh Hkjrh; flfo¥ lsok ·eq“;‚ ijh{kk] 2009 gsrq fo'ks" ekWM¥ g¥ ^'u-i(\oLrqfuÆB lkekU; Kku%(i) ;wukbVsM bf≥M;k ba';ksjÍl dÈiuh ^'kklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh”k] 2009, (ii) fgekp¥ ^ns'k

¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2009, (iii) ,l\,l\lh\ lh\ih\vks\ lc-baLisDVj ijh”k] 2009, (iv) ih\,u\ch\ d~`f" vf|d`kjhijh{kk] 2009.

,sfPNd` fo"; # (i) fof|%m®jk[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2006, (ii) vkj\,\,l\/vkj\Vh\,l\ ·^k\‚ ijh”k]2008, (iii) lkekU; fgUnh%>kj[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx eq“; ijh”k] 2006.

rdZ`{kerk ijh{kk%(i) ;wukbVsM bf≥M;k ba';ksjÍl dÈiuh ^'kklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh”k] 2009, (iii) LVsV cßd` vkWœ` bf≥M;kfo'ks"K vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] 2009.

la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk%xqÈMxk∑o xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hllZ ijh”k] 2009.fofHUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ ds` VkWilZ ,oa vU; lœ`¥ v˙;fFkZ;kÍ ds` fujUrj lEidZ` eÍ jgus ls kIr lœ`¥rk-jgL;kÍ/ea(kÍ d`ks

ge vkids` lkFk ck∑Vuk pkgrs gß\ loZfuÆB Ôi ls ;g rF; lkeus vk;k gS fd` lœ`¥rk ds` f¥, ;kstukc* d`fBu ifjJe] vkRe-fo'okl ,oa lgh ekxZn'kZu vifjgk;Z gß\ buds` fcuk lœ`¥rk d`h dsò¥ d`Yiuk gh d`h tk ld`rh gS] mld`k oj. ugÓ\ gepsrkouh ds` Ôi eÍ vkils fuosnu d`juk pkgrs gß fd` dsò¥ eu-eksnd` œ`ksÈMus ls d`ke ugÓ p¥sxk\ lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`jus ds` f¥,mi;qZDr ds` vfrfjDr d`ksbZ vU; ekxZ ugÓ gS\ vki ^;kl d`hft, ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ vkid`k ekxZn'kZu d`jsxh rFkk vU;mi;qDr lkexzh ^Lrqr d`jsxh\

fu;fer Ôi ls le>nkjh ds` lkƒ izfr;ksfxrk niZ. ifÈ<,\ ;g vkid`ks vHhÆV lœ`¥rkfn¥kus ,oa vkids` mTTo¥ HfoÆ; d`k fuekZ. d`jus eÍ iw.Zr# l”e gS\

vkid`h prqfnZd` lœ`¥rk ,oa Lof.Ze HfoÆ; d`h gkfnZd` æqHd`keukvkÍ lfgr

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/642

200911 vDVwcj%Hkjrh; fjtoZ cßd` ch xzsM vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`h HrhZ ijh{kk ·^ƒe pj.‚22 vDVwcj%flfo¥ lfoZlst eq“; ijh”k] 200925 vDVwcj%U;w bafM;k ,';ksjÍl dÈiuh ^æklfud` vf÷kd`kfj;kÍ d`h HrhZ ijh”k25 vDVwcj%xqÈMxk∑o xzkeh. cßd` vf|d`kjh Lds`¥-I HrhZ ijh”k25 vDVwcj%m\ ^\ eÍ flaMhds`V cßd` }kjk ^ƒek cßd` eÍ vf÷kd`kfj;kÍ ·Lds`¥–I‚ d`h HrhZijh”k1 uoEcj%Js;l xzkeh. cßd` foæs"K vf÷kd`kfj;kÍ d`h HrhZ ijh”k1 uoEcj%m®jkap¥ xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid` lg–jksd`fÈM;k HrhZ ijh”k1 uoEcj%xqÈMxk∑o xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid`-lg-jksd`fÈM;k HrhZ ijh”k1 uoEcj%m\ \ eÍ flaMhds`V cßd` }kjk ƒek cßd` eÍ d`k;kZ¥; lgk;d`kÍ/f¥fid`kÍ d`h HrhZijh”k8 uoEcj%Js;l xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid` lg–jksd`fÈM;k HrhZ ijh”k8 uoEcj%e÷; ^ns'k flfo¥ U;k;k|h'k ·oxZ-2‚ eq“; ijh{kk8 uoEcj%jkÆV_h; ^frHk [kst ijh”k] 2009 ·d`”k VIII eÍ iÈ< jgs fo»kfƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥,‚8 uoEcj%e\ ^\ usæu¥ ehUl-dè-esfjV Ld`kW¥jfæi ijh”k%2009-108 ,oa 15 uoEcj%Hkjrh; LVsV cßd` f¥fid`h; laoxZ HrhZ ijh”k] 200915 uoEcj%,l\,l\lh\ vkWMhVlZ ,≥M ,d`kmUVÍVlΩ ijh”k ·Hkjrh; vads`”. ,oa ¥s[kfoHkx‚16 uoEcj%e\ ^\ jkT; lsok eq“; ijh”k%200821 uoEcj%Hkjrh; vkfFkZd` lsok/Hkjrh; lkaf“;d`h; lsok ijh{kk, 200922 uoEcj%jktLFkku jkT; ik(rk ijh{kk (SET), 200922 uoEcj%jktLƒku xzkeh. cßd` vf|d`kjh Lds`¥-I HrhZ ijh”k22 uoEcj%d`kWiksZjsæu cßd` ^kscsæujh vkWœ`hllZ ijh”k

22 uoEcj%f(os.h ”s(h; xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hlj Lds`¥–I ijh”k29 uoEcj%jktLƒku xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid`-lg-jksd`fÈM;k HrhZ ijh”k29 uoEcj%d`kWiksZjsæu cßd` D¥sjhd`¥ dS`Mj ijh”k29 uoEcj%f(os.h ”s(h; xzkeh. cßd` vkWfœ`l vflLVÍV ijh”kuoEcj%Hkjrh; ok;qlsuk eÍ xzqi ‘X’ rdùhd`h V_sMΩl eÍ ,;jeSukÍ d`h HrhZ ijh”k13 fnlEcj%vksfj,aV¥ cßd` vkWœ` d`kWelZ ^kscsæujh vkWœ`hllZ ijh”k

·vkWu¥kbu vfUre frfƒ%31 vDVwcj] 2009‚13 fnlEcj%,l\,l\lh\ d`j lgk;d` ijh”k%2009

·vfUre frfƒ%30 vDVwcj] 2009‚20 fnlEcj%jkÆV_h; fef¥V_h Ldw`¥ ‘d`kWeu ,aV_Íl VsLV’ ·d`”k 6‚20 fnlEcj%lh\,l\vkbZ\vkj\ ;w\th\lh\ NET ijh”k] 2009 ·foKku fo";kÍ eÍ‚20 fnlEcj%fot;k cßd` ^kscsæujh D¥dZ` HrhZ ijh”k26 fnlEcj%dsÙnzh; fo»k¥; laxBu ihthVh HrhZ ijh”k

·vfUre frfƒ%12 vDVwcj] 2009‚27 fnlEcj%t;iqj ƒkj xzkeh. cßd` d`k;kZ¥; lgk;d`kÍ d`h HrhZ ijh”k27 fnlEcj%dsÙnzh; fo»k¥; laxBu VhthVh HrhZ ijh”k

·vfUre frfƒ%12 vDVwcj] 2009‚28 fnlEcj%dsÙnzh; fo»k¥; laxBu ^kbejh Vhpj HrhZ ijh”k

·vfUre frfƒ%12 vDVwcj] 2009‚

201010 tuojh%;wfu;u cßd` D¥sjhd`¥ dS`Mj ijh”k

·vkWu¥kbu vfUre frfƒ%31 vDVwcj] 2009‚14 œ`jojh%la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx lfEef¥r j”k lsok ijh”k (I), 2010

·vfUre frfƒ%26 vDVwcj] 2009‚

o"Z 32 prqƒZ vad uoEcj 2009

izfr;ksfxrk niZ. eÍ izd`kfær fd`lh Hh lkexzh vFkok fp( ds` f¥, lEiknd` d`h lgefr gksuk vko';d` ugÓ gS\ %lEiknd`


645 lEiknd`h;

646 jkÆV_h; ?Vuk∂è

652 vUrjkZÆV_h; ?Vuk∂è

657 vkfƒZd` okf.fT;d` ifj›';

662 uohure lkekU; Kku

668 [s¥dw`n

673 jkstxkj lekpkj

679 foKku ,oa ^kS»ksfxd`h681 vuqizsjd` ;qok ^frHk,a

686 Lej.h; rF;

688 fo'o ifj›';

691 vkfƒZd` ¥s[%(i) oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ls (Lr fu|Zunsæ

693 (ii) [k» inkƒksÛ d`h cÈ<rh d`herÍ] lw[k vkSj lekosæhfod`kl

695 vUrjkZÆV_h; lEcU| ¥s[%la;qDr jkÆV_ la? # laxBu,oa d`k;Z

701 lkekftd` ¥s[%fo'o eÍ efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h fLƒfr

706 dS`fj;j ¥s[%,e\ ch\ ,\ # ,d` izfrfÆBr isæk

708 vkUrfjd` lqj”k lEcU|h ¥s[%uDl¥okn # vkUrfjd`lqj”k d`ks pqukSrh # N®hlxÈ< ds` foæs" lUnHZ eÍ

711 jktuhfrd` ¥s[%Hkjrh; jkÆV_oknh fpUru

713 lkfgfR;d` ¥s[%vehj [qljks d`k fgUnh ds` fod`kl eÍ;ksxnku

714 HkSxksf¥d` ¥s[%i;kZoj. izcU|u

716 lelkef;d` ¥s[%(i) iz|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu lg d`h;sd`kVsfjucxZ ;k(k

720 (ii) th-8 ,oa th-5 eÍ Hkjr d`h Hwfed`k

724 lSU; dS`fj;j ¥s[%lSU; lsokvkÍ ds` izfr cÈ<rhmnklhurk # d`kj. ,oa lek|ku

728 lkj laxzg

732 lkekU; v÷;;u%(i) vkxkeh Hkjrh; flfo¥ lsok·eq“;‚ ijh”k] 2009 gsrq foæs" ekWM¥ g¥ ^'u-i(

740 (ii) vkxkeh Hkjrh; flfo¥ lsok eq“; ijh”k] 2009gsrq foæs" ekWM¥ g¥ iz'u-i(

749 oLrqfuÆB lkekU; Kku%(i) ;wukbVsM bf≥M;k bU';ksjsUldÈiuh izæklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh”k] 2009

750 (ii) fgekp¥ iznsæ ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·^k\‚ ijh”k]2009

755 (iii) ,l\,l\lh\ lh\ih\vks\ lc-bULisDVj ijh”k]2009

759 (iv) ih\,u\ch\ d~`f" vf|d`kjh ijh”k] 2009

762 m»ksx O;kikj txrΩ

764 ,sfPNd` fo";%(i) fof|%m®jk[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2006

772 (ii) vkj\,\,l\/vkj\Vh\,l\ ·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2008

779 (iii) lkekU; fgUnh%>kj[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx eq“;ijh”k] 2006

782 fofo| rF; ,oa lkekU; tkud`kjh%(i) ukxj foekuulsok,a # ubZ ˜∑pkb;kÍ d`h vksj%eq“;-eq“; ckrÍ

784 rdZ`”erk%(i) ;wukbVsM bf≥M;k bU';ksjsUl dÈiuhizæklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh”k] 2009

791 (ii) LVsV cßd` vkWœ` bf≥M;k foæs"K vf|d`kjhijh”k] 2009

796 la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk%xqÈMxk∑o xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hllZijh”k] 2009

800 D;k vki tkurs gß =801 viuk Kku cÈ<kb,802 iz'u vkids` m®j gekjs803 ^ƒe iqjLÎ`r fucU÷k%21oÓ lnh d`k fo'o806 lkekU; Kku ^fr;ksfxrk ∂èkad` 135

809 fucU÷k ^fr;ksfxrk ∂èkad` 366 d`k ifj.ke810 English Language—Andhra Bank Marketing

Associates Exam., 2009

Lej. izfr;ksfxrkizfr;ksfxrk niZ. 2/11 ,] Lons'kh chek uxj] vkxjk-2

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izfr;ksfxrk niZ.

pUns d`h ubZ njÍ

fgUnh vaxzsth,d` izfr ewY; 50·00 50.00

okf"Zd` ewY; # lk|kj. Mkd` ls 455·00 450·00

jftLVMZ Mkd` ls 685·00 680·00

f}okf"Zd` ewY; # lk|kj. Mkd` ls 815·00 810·00

jftLVMZ Mkd` ls 1265·00 1260·00

● Îì;k viuk lnL;rk–æqYd` euhvkWMZjvFkok cßd` M_kŒV }kjk gh izsf"r d`jÍ\pSd` Lohd`kj ugÓ gkÍxs\

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● euhvkWMZj vFkok cßd M_kŒV ‘izfr;ksfxrkniZ.’ ds uke ls gh Lohd`kj fd`, tk,axs\

lkekU; Kku niZ.

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vkWMZj œ`keZeß izfr;ksfxrk niZ./lkekU; Kku niZ.

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,d` izfr ewY; 35·00okf"Zd` ewY; #

lk|kj. Mkd` ls 320·00jftLVMZ Mkd` ls 545·00

f}okf"Zd` ewY; #lk|kj. Mkd` ls 575·00jftLVMZ Mkd` ls 1025·00

fo";%t¥ok;q ifjorZu ij fo'o d`hfpUrk,a\vfUre frfFk%28 uoEcj] 2009

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xq:nso jchUnzukƒ VSxksj us ,d` Lƒkuij f¥[k gS fd` ^kr# mxrs gq, lw;Z uspkjkÍ vksj viuk ^d`kæ-iqat fod`h.Z d`jfn;k\ ,slk d`jrs gq, mlus fd`lh ^d`kjd`k HsnHko ugÓ fd`;k\ ml n~'; us esjs≤n; eÍ ,d` fofp( ^d`kj d`h ihÈMk mRiUud`j nh vkSj eß lekurk d`h Hkouk }kjkvfHHwr gks mBk\ lekurk d`h Hkouk useq>s fo'o-ekuo d`h d`Yiuk ^nku d`j nhvkSj eß fo'o-osnuk d`k xk;d` cu x;k\

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lO;ZO;kih ^d`kæ gh lkƒZd` gksrk gS\og ckÌ gks vƒok vkUrfjd`\ og loZxzkgh,oa loZxzkgh gksuk pkfg,\

,d` jktk ds` rhu ¥ÈMds` ƒs\ mlus^R;sd` d`ks ,d` fuf'pr |ujkfæ nsd`jd`gk%‘bl |u ls tks ,slh oLrq ¥k,xk]tks iwjs ?j eÍ lek tk,] mld`ks eß viukm®jkf|d`kjh cuk nw∑xk\’ jktk d`h vkKklqud`j vkSj eu eÍ jkT;-^kfIr d`h bPNk¥sd`j rhukÍ ¥ÈMds` ogk∑ ls p¥s x,\ ig¥k¥ÈMd`k ,d` cÈMk x¥hpk ¥s vk;k] ijUrqog NksVk iÈM x;k\ nwljk ¥ÈMd`k ,d` cgqr

cÈMk niZ. ¥sd`j ¥kSVk] mleÍ iwjs ?j d`k^frfcEc vk x;k] ijUrq og nl feuVckn gh VwV x;k\ rhljk ¥ÈMd`k tc ¥kSVk]rc mlds` gkƒ eÍ ,d` eksec®h ƒh\eksec®h us iwjs ?j d`ks ^d`kfær d`j fn;kvkSj og fujUrj ^d`kæeku jgh\ jktk usblh ¥ÈMds` d`ks m®jkf|d`kjh ?ksf"r d`jfn;k] D;kÍfd` mlus ?j d`ks ^d`kfær d`jusd`h lad`Yiuk d`h ƒh\ thou d`h lkƒZd`rk;gh gS fd` ge ^d`kæ œS`¥k,a] ftllsva|d`kj d`k ukæ gks vkSj jkLrs fn[kbZ nsus¥xÍ\ ,d` iqjkuh d`gkuh ds` vuqlkj%,d`va|k O;fDr lnSo vius gkƒ eÍ t¥rh gqbZ¥k¥Vsu j[rk ƒk\ blls nks ¥kH gksrs ƒs\jkgxhj va|s d`ks ns[ ¥srs ƒs vkSj va|kO;fDr lqjf”r cuk jgrk ƒk\ lkƒ ghjkgxhjkÍ d`ks va|sjs eÍ viuk jkLrk ns[us eÍlgk;rk ^nku d`jrk ƒk\

mDr d`gkuh d`k fuÆd`"Z ;g BgjrkgS fd` foLrkj Hkouk ds` ^fr tkxÔd`ck¥d` jkT; d`k vf|d`kjh curk gS\ Lokehfoosd`kuUn us blh thou-lw( d`ks ¥{;d`jrs gq, d`gk gS fd`] ∏thou d`k ig¥kvkSj LiÆV ¥”. gS%foLrkj\ ;fn rqethfor jguk pkgrs gks] rks rqEgÍ œS`¥ukgksxk\ ftl le; rqe thou d`k foLrkjcUn d`j nksxs] mlh ”. tku ¥suk fd`foif®;k∑ rqEgkjs lkeus gß\’ foif®;k∑ ghD;kÍ] e~R;q rqEgkjs lkeus gS] D;kÍfd` fod`klthou d`k ¥”. gS vkSj bld`k vHko e~R;qd`k ifjpk;d` gS\

lw;Z fujUrj p¥rk jgrk gS] mlds`lkƒ le; Hh O;rhr gksrk tkrk gS\ lw;Z

u ihNs d`h vksj ns[rk gS vkSj u chrkgqvk le; gh okil vkrk gS\ ;fn ge lw;Zd`h Hk∑fr fuR; uohu ¥{; ¥sd`j thou eÍvxzlj gksuk pkgrs gß] rks geÍ fd`dsZ` xkMZ(Kierke Gaard) d`k ;g d`ƒu ;knj[uk pkfg, fd`%“Life can only beunderstood backwards, but it must belived forwards.” thou eÍ lœ`¥ gksus ds`f¥, O;fDr d`ks lnSo ;g lkspuk pkfg,fd` mls d`¥ D;k d`juk gS = blds` f¥,og chrs gq, d`¥ ls fæ”k ¥s ld`rk gS]ijUrq mlls fpids` jguk] mlds` f¥, d`HhHh ¥kHnk;d` fl* ugÓ gksxk\ vf|d`kaæO;fDr ;gh ugÓ le> ikrs gß fd` blvYithou eÍ os D;k d`jÍ] ijUrq lkƒ ghog ;g Hh lad`Yiuk d`jrs gß fd` mud`kvx¥k thou cgqr cÈMk gksxk\ os d`Hh ;gugÓ lksprs fd` ^d~`fr d`k d`ksbZ inkƒZvius orZeku thou d`ks rqPN ugÓ le>rkgS] D;kÍfd` mld`k vx¥k thou cgqrmi;ksxh ,oa ewY;oku gksxk\ mnkgj. ds`f¥,] xq¥kc d`k œw`¥ ;»fi vYid`k¥ rd`f[¥rk gS] rƒkfi og leLr ok;qe≥M¥d`ks lqjfHr d`j nsrk gS\ xq¥kc d`h ^R;sd`d`¥h d`h ;gh d`gkuh gS fd` og orZeku d`kslqjfHr d`jds` viuk thou lkƒZd` d`jrhgS\ xq¥kc ;fn vius thou d`h LoYirk d`ksrqPNrk le> cSBs] rks mld`k f[¥uk ,oaok;qe≥M¥ d`k lqjfHr gksuk lekIr gkstk,\ fo'o îap d`k ,d` d`. Hh ;fnviuh rqPNrk d`h vuqHwfr }kjk vfHHwrgksd`j fufÆ∂`; gks tk,] rks fo'o d`hijek.q Δk~a[¥k [f≥Mr gks tk, vkSj ^¥;d`k n~'; mifLƒr gks tk,\ tks O;fDr^d~`fr ds` bl fu;e ds` vuqlkj thou d`ksmRlkgiwoZd` ugÓ thrs gß] os ekuks u, tUed`h reUuk eÍ [qndq`æh d`j ¥srs gß\

lw;Z jfDreo.Z mfnr gksrk gS vkSjjfDreo.Z gh vLr gksrk gS\ og fo'o d`ksnsuk tkurk gS] mlls ¥suk ugÓ] D;kÍfd`vkfn ls vUr rd` ,d`lk cuk jgrk gS\mlds` thou d`k ^R;sd` ”. mRlkg vkSjfoLrkj-Hkouk }kjk iwfjr cuk jgrk gS\fopkjd` lSeqv¥ tkWUlu us Bhd` gh d`gkgS fd`] ∏lEiUu gksd`j ejus d`h vis”klEiUu thou O;rhr d`juk d`gÓ vf|d`JsÆB gSπ (It is better to live rich thanto die rich.)

O;kogkfjd` thou d`k ;g lw( euud`jus ;ksX; gS fd` egRoiw.Z ;g ugÓ gS fd`ge fd`lh fl*kUr ds` f¥, ^k. R;kxrs gß]cfYd` egRoiw.Z ;g gS fd` ge fd`lhfl*kUr ds` f¥, thfor jgrs gß\ lw;ksZn;eÍ tks ukVd` Hjk gS] lkSUn;Z Hjk gS tks¥h¥k Hjh gS] og gekjs thou d`h ^sj.kgksuh pkfg, fd` ftUnxh Hksj gS] lwjt lsfud`¥rs jfg,\ ●●●


`ìh,l,¥oh-lh 14 }kjk leqnz fuxjkuh mixzg vksæulSV-2 d`k lœ`¥ iz{ksi.

``pUnzek d`h lrg ij ikuh d`h [kst # pUnz;ku-1 d`h cÈMh mi-¥fC|

``lk{kj Hkjr feæu``vkU|z izns'k ds` eq“;ea(h okbZ ,l vkj jsMΩMh d`k gs¥hd`kWIVj nq?ZVuk eÍ fu|u

``lkekU; ls 20-21 izfr'kr dè jgh bl o"Z ekulwuh o"kZ

`ùkS u, ,uvkbZVh Lƒkfir d`jus d`h ;kstuk

``lhch,lbZ d`h nloÓ d`{kk d`h ijh{kk oSd`fYid` gqbZ

``tEew d`'ehj eÍ vkbZvkbZ,e d`h LFkkiuk d`h ;kstuk jnΩn # nks dsÙnzh; fo'ofo»k¥;kÍ d`h LFkk-iuk gksxh jkT; eÍ

``Dok(ksfPp ds` fo:`* eke¥s d`h okilh ls can gksxk cksœ`kslZ n¥k¥h eke¥k

``laf”Ird`h

ih,l,¥oh-lh14 }kjk leqnzfuxjkuh mixzg vks'kulSV-2

d`k lœ`¥ iz{ksi.

varfj{k foKku ds` {ks( eÍ ,d vkSjmi¥fC| Hkjrh; varfj{k vuqla|ku laxBu(ISRO) us 23 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks mlle; izkIr d`h tc lkeqfnzd` vuqla|kukÍ ds`f¥, vR;k|qfud` mixzg vks'kulSV-2(Ocean sat-2) d`k lœ`¥ iz{ksi. fd`;kx;k\ 960 fd`xzk otu ok¥s bl lkeqfnzd`fuxjkuh mixzg d`ks i~Foh d`h ¥xHx 720fdèh ˜∑ph |zqoh; d`{kk eÍ Lƒkfir fd`;kx;k gS\ ;g iz{ksi. iks¥j lSVs¥kbV ¥k∑pOghd`¥ (PSLV-C14) ds` }kjk vkU|z izns'keÍ Jhgfjd`ksVk fLƒr lrh'k |ou varfj{kdsÙnz ls fd`;k x;k\

lrh'k |ou varfj{k dsÙnz ls ih,l,¥oh-lh14 d`h mÈMku

‘bljks’ izeq[ th\ ek|ou uk;j ovU; ofjÆB oSKkfud`kÍ ds` vfrfjDrmijkÆV_ifr gkfen valkjh Hh bl voljij mifLƒr ƒs\ 20 flrEcj] 1993 d`ksih,l,¥oh d`h ig¥h foœ`¥ mÈMku dsì'pkrΩ bl iz{ksi. ;ku d`h ;g ¥xkrkj15 oÓ lœ`¥ mÈMku ƒh\ blls iwoZ 22vDVwcj] 2008 d`ks ih,l,¥oh-lh-11 }kjkpUnz;ku-1 d`k rƒk 20 vizS¥] 2009 d`ksih,l,¥oh-lh-12 }kjk fjlSV- 2 d`kiz{ksi. fd`;k x;k ƒk\ ih,l,¥oh-lh-14d`h bl mÈMku }kjk 6 vU; uSuks mixzgkÍd`ks Hh |zqoh; d`{kk eÍ Lƒkfir fd`;k x;kgS\ ¥xHx 8-8 fd`xzk otu ds ¥DtsecxZo teZuh ds` nks :fcu (Rubin) lSVs-¥kbVΩl ds` vfrfjDr 1-1 fd`xzk\ otu ds`4 vU; D;wclSVΩl fofHUu ;wjksih; fo'o-fo»k¥;kÍ }kjk fufeZr gß\

KkrO; gS fd` izk;# mixzg d`h ¥kxrls d`gÓ vf|d` [pZ mlds` iz{ksi. ijvkrk gS\ varjkZÆV_h; cktkj eÍ izfr ,d`fd`xzk\ otu d`h 500-700 fdèh\ ˜∑pkbZok¥h d`{kk eÍ iz{ksi. d`k ewY; ¥xHx 10gtkj MkW¥j gS] tcfd` 36000 fdèh d`h˜∑pkbZ ok¥h Hw-LƒSfrd` d`{kk eÍ iz{ksi. d`k[pZ ¥xHx 25 gtkj MkW¥j izfr fd`xzk\cSBrk gS\

ih,l,¥oh d`h mÈMkuÍih,l,¥oh-Mh1 20 flrEcj] 1993

·foœ`¥‚

ih,l,¥oh-Mh2 15 vDVwcj] 1994

ih,l,¥oh-Mh3 21 ekpZ] 1996

ih,l,¥oh-lh1 29 flrEcj] 1997

ih,l,¥oh-lh2 26 ebZ] 1999

ih,l,¥oh-lh3 22 vDVwcj] 2001



ih,l,¥oh-lh6 5 ebZ] 2005

ih,l,¥oh-lh7 10 tuojh] 2007

ih,l,¥oh-lh8 23 vizS¥] 2007

ih,l,¥oh-lh10 23 tuojh] 2008

ih,l,¥oh-lh9 28 vizS¥] 2008


ih,l,¥oh-lh12 20 vizS¥] 2009


vks'kulSV-2 Hkjr d`k 16ok∑ nwjlaosnh mixzg gS tks eRL; cgq¥ {ks(kÍ d`higpku d`jus] leqnz eÍ Tokj HkVk d`hfLƒfr d`k vuqeku] rVh; {ks( ds` v÷;;uds` v¥kok ekSle laca|h iwokZuqeku ¥xkusds` f¥, vk∑d`ÈMs mi¥C| d`jk,xk\ blmixzg us viuh d`{kk eÍ igq∑pd`jvks'kulSV-1 d`k Lƒku f¥;k gS\ leqnzhfoKku ds` HkSfrd` vkSj tSfod` ig¥qvkÍ ds`v÷;;u ds` f¥, ebZ 1999 eÍ iz{ksfir


vks'kulSV-1 mixzg varfj{k eÍ viuh nlo"Z d`h vof| iwjh d`j pqd`k gS\ vks'ku-lSV-2 d`k thoud`k¥ ik∑p o"Z vkd`f¥rfd`;k x;k gS\

vks'kulSV-2 ds` lœ`¥ iz{ksi. dsì'pkrΩ ‘bljks’ }kjk lapkj mixzgth-lSV4 d`k iz{ksi. fnlEcj 2009 eÍfd`;k tk,xk\ ;g iz{ksi. th,l,¥oh-Mh3}kjk fd`;k tk,xk\ blls iwoZ ih,l,¥oh-lh15 }kjk d`kVkZlSV----2 ch d`k iz{ksi. HhlEHkfor gS\

vks'kulSV-2 ds` lœ`¥ iz{ksi. ds` f¥,jkÆV_ifr izfrHk ikfV¥] mijkÆV_ifr gkfenvalkjh vkSj iz|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg us‘bljks’ d`h Vhe d`ks c|kbZ nh gS\ viuslans'k eÍ jkÆV_ifr us d`gk fd` oSKkfud`kÍ uslœ`¥rkiwoZd` mixzgkÍ d`k iz{ksi. fd`;k gSvkSj ;g lewps ns'k ds` f¥, xoZ d`k {k.gS\ vius c|kbZ lans'k eÍ iz|kuea(heueksgu ¯lg us d`gk fd` ih,l,¥oh ds`lœ`¥ iz{ksi. ls ‘bljks’ us ,d` ckj iqu#viuh cgqeq[h {kerk vkSj fo'oluh;rklkfcr d`j nh gS\ mUgkÍus d`gk fd`vks'kulSV-2 leqnz foKku ds` ckjs eÍ gekjhle> d`h ,d` ubZ 'kqÔvkr d`jsxk\

pUnzek d`h lrg ij ikuh d`h [kst # pUnz;ku-1 d`h

cÈMh mi¥fC| `

2 2 vDVwcj 2008 d`ks iz{ksfirpUnz;ku-1 ls ‘bljks’ (ISRO) d`k lEidZ`;»fi ¥f{kr le; lhek ls ,d` o"Z iwoZgh lekIr gks x;k gS rƒk ‘bljks’ usvkSipkfjd` Ôi ls bl fe'ku ds` lekiud`h ?ks".k 29 vxLr] 2009 d`ks d`j nhƒh] rƒkfi bl fe'ku d`h mi¥fC|;k∑vR;Ur egRoiw.Z jgh gß\ ‘bljks’ ds` izeq[th\ ek|ou uk;j us bl fe'ku d`ks 90-95izfr'kr lœ`¥ ig¥s d`jkj fn;k ƒk fdÙrqblls fe¥h rktk tkud`kfj;kÍ ds` ckn vcbl fe'ku d`ks 110 izfr'kr lœ`¥ mUgkÍusd`gk gS\ pUnz;ku-1 ds` lkƒ Hsts x, 11oSKkfud` mid`j.kÍ eÍ ls ,d` ewu feujks-¥kWth eSij (M3) us pUnzek d`h lrg ijt¥ d`h ekStwnxh d`h iqfÆV d`h gS\ ‘uklk’ds` mid`j. M3 ls izkIr vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds`fo'¥s". ds` i'pkrΩ foKku if(d`k ‘lkbal’dss` flrEcj 2009 ds` ,d vad` eÍ izd`kf'krlh\ ihVlZ ·M3 ds` vkad`ÈMkÍ d`k fo'¥s".d`jus ok¥s izeq[ oSKkfud`‚ ds` ,d` 'kks|i( eÍ pUnzek d`h lrg ij ikuh d`hekStwnxh d`h iqfÆV d`h xbZ gS\ ‘bljks’ izeq[uk;j ds` vuqlkj pUnz;ku-1 ds` lkƒ Hstsx, ,d` vU; mid`j. ewu bEiSDV izksc(MIP), ftls pUnzek d`h lrg ij mrkjk

x;k ƒk] ls izkIr vk∑d`ÈMkÍ }kjk Hh pUnzekd`h lrg ij ikuh d`h ekStwnxh ds` lk{;izkIr gq, ƒs\ bl izd`kj pUnzek d`h lrgij ikuh d`h [kst d`k Js; Jh uk;j uspUnz;ku-1 fe'ku d`ks fn;k gS\ Jh uk;j usd`gk gS fd` pUnzek ij ikuh d`h ekStwnxhd`k irk ¥xkd`j ns'k ds` ig¥s pUnz;ku us,d` ‘egRoiw.Z’ vkSj ‘okLrfod`’ [kst d`hgS\ mUgkÍus crk;k gS fd` pUnzek d`h lrgij [kstk x;k ikuh leqnz] >h¥ ;k cw∑nkÍds` Ôi eÍ ugÓ gS rƒk bls ;w∑ gh ,d`(ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk\ ogk∑ [kstk x;kikuh pVΩVkukÍ] feVΩVh o [futkÍ eÍ gSrƒk mUur izkS»ksfxd`h d`k bLrsek¥ d`j,d` Vu feVΩVh ls vk|k ¥hVj rd` ikuhizkIr gks ld`rk gS\ pUnzek d`h lrg lsikuh d`h [qnkbZ ds` f¥, 2013 eÍ Hststkus ok¥s pUnz;ku-2 ds` lkƒ nks jksojHstus d`h ‘bljks’ d`h ;kstuk gS\ bueÍ,d` Ôlh jksoj ds` lkƒ gh jksoj d`k ,d`Lons'k fufeZr NksVk laLd`j. Hh gksxk\pUnz;ku 2 d`k iz{ksi. 2012-13 eÍlEHkfor gS\

lk{kj Hkjr fe'kuns'k eÍ lk{kjrk d`h fLƒfr eÍ izHkoh lq|kj ds` f¥, iwoZ ?ksf"r ‘lk{kj Hkjr fe'ku’ d`k

'kqHkjEH iz|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg us 8 flrEcj 2009 d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h; lk{kjrk fnol ds`volj ij fd`;k\ dssÙnz o jkT; ljd`kjkÍ d`h Hkxhnkjh ok¥s bl fe'ku d`k tehuh rkSj ijfdz`;kUo;u iapk;rh jkt laLƒkvkÍ ds` ek÷;e ls gksxk\ 50 izfr'kr ls dè efg¥k lk{kjrk ok¥s365 ft¥kÍ eÍ ;g ¥kxw gksxk rƒk bu ¥f{kr 365 ft¥kÍ eÍ 1·70 ¥k[ xk∑o iapk;rkÍ ds` ek÷;els bls d`k;kZfUor fd`;k tk;sxk\ xzkeh. Hkjr eÍ eq“;r# fuj{kj efg¥kvkÍ d`ks lk{kj cukus ijœ`ksd`l bl fe'ku ds` rgrΩ fd`;k tk;sxk\

dq`¥ lkr d`jksÈM fuj{kjkÍ d`ks lk{kjcukus ds` ¥{; ok¥s bl fe'ku eÍ 6d`jks ÈM efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ¥f{kr fd`;ktk;sxk\ blls lk{kjrk nj d`ks 64izfr'kr ·2001 d`h fLƒfr‚ ls cÈ<kd`j80 izfr'kr rƒk ‘tßMj xSi’ d`ks 21izfr'kr ls ?Vkd`j 10 izfr'kr fd`;k tklds`xk\ fe'ku d`h dq`¥ vuqekfur ¥kxr6502 d`jksÈM :i, vkd`f¥r d`h xbZ gSftleÍ dsÙnz d`h fgLlsnkjh 4993 d`jksÈM:i, gksxh\ dq`¥ ¥kxr d`k 75 izfr'krdsÙnz }kjk o 'ks" 25 izfr'kr jkT;kÍ }kjkogu fd`;k tk,xk\ iwoksZ®j jkT;kÍ ds` eke¥s

ubZ fnY¥h eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; lk{kjrk fnol ij efg¥klk{kjrk ds` f¥, lk{kj Hkjr fe'ku ds` 'kqHkjaH ds`volj ij iz|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg] dsÙnzh; ekuolalk|u ea(h d`fi¥ flCc¥] ¥ksd`lHk Lihd`j ehjkdqèkj o ekuo lalk|u jkT; ea(h Mh iqjUns'ojh

eÍ dsÙnz o jkT;kÍ d`h bl ¥kxr eÍ fgLlsnkjh dzè'k# 90 o 10 izfr'kr fu|kZfjr d`h xbZ gS\

vkU|z izns'k ds` eq“;ea(hokbZ ,l vkj jsMΩMh d`k

gs¥hd`kWIVj nq?ZVuk eÍ fu|u

n\ Hkjr d`h jktuhfr d`ks ,d`viwj.h; {kfr flrEcj 2009 eÍ ml le;gqbZ tc vkU|z izns'k ds` eq“;ea(h okbZ\,l\ jkt'ks[j jsMΩMh d`k ,d` gs¥hd`kWIVjnq?ZVuk eÍ fu|u gks x;k\ ¥xkrkj nksfo|kulHk pqukokÍ eÍ d`kaxzsl d`ks ækunkj

fot; fn¥kus ok¥s d`fj'ekbZ eq“;ea(hjkt'ks[j jsMΩMh 2 flrEcj d`ks izkr# lkÈ<s

okbZ ,l vkj jsMΩMh

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vxLr 2008 eÍ fonsæh eqnzk d`k ok;nkd`kjksckj æqÔ d`jus ds` i'pkrΩ Hkjr eÍvc C;kt njkÍ d`k ok;nk d`kjksckj Hh æqÔgks x;k gS\ dsÙnzh; fo® lfpo væksd`pko¥k us bld`k æqHkjEH jkÆV_h; LVkWd`,DlpÍt (NSE) eÍ xr 31 vxLr d`ksfd`;k\ cßd`] ^kbejh Mh¥j] E;wpqv¥ œ`≥M]chek dÈifu;k∑] d`kWiksZjsV gkml] fonsæhlaLƒkxr fuosæd` o vU; `fo®h; laLƒku

eqEcbZ fLƒr usæu¥ LVkWd` ,DlpÍt eÍ C;kt njeÍ ok;nk d`kjksckj d`k mnΩ?kVu d`jrs fo® lfpovæksd` pko¥k ·nk,a ls nwljs‚ lkƒ eÍ gß fjtoZcßd` d`h fMIVh xouZj ';ke¥k xksihukƒ] lsch ds`

ps;jeSu lh\ ch\ Hkos ·ck,a ls nwljs‚ vkSj,u,lbZ ds` ,eMh ,oa lhbZvks jfo ukjk;.

C;kt nj d`k ok;nk d`kjksckj d`j ldÍ`xs\blls C;kt njkÍ eÍ gksus ok¥s mrkj-pÈ<kols lqj”k bUgÍ izkIr gks lds`xh\ C;kt njds` ok;nk d`kjksckj ds` æqHkjEH ds` volj

ij ‘lsch’ (SEBI) ds` v÷;” lh\ ch\ Hkosus d`gk fd` vkus ok¥s le; eÍ vkSj Hh ,slsu, mRikn tkjh fd`, tkrs jgÍxs\

KkrO; gS fd` fo'o Hj eÍ C;kt njd`k ok;nk d`kjksckj æs;j d`kjksckj d`k d`bZxquk gS] fdÙrq Hkjr eÍ bld`h æqÔvkr ghvc gqbZ gS\

fo'o cßd` }kjk Hkjr gsrq 4·3 vjc MkW¥j d`k )`. Lohd~`rfo»qrΩ ,oa ¯lpkbZ ds` ”s(kÍ d`h vk|kfjd` lajpuk ifj;kstukvkÍ rƒk lkoZtfud` ”s( ds`

cßd`kÍ ds` iw∑thd`j. ds` f¥, fo'o cßd` us Hkjr ljd`kj ds` f¥, 4·3 vjc MkW¥j ·¥xHx2200 d`jksÈM :i,‚ ds` pkj )`. 24 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks Lohd~`r fd`,gß\ lkoZtfud` ”s( ds` cßd`kÍ ds` lqn~È<hd`j. ds` f¥, bud`h iw∑thvk|kj cÈ<kus gsrq 2 vjc MkW¥j] bafM;k bUœz`kLV_Dpj œ`kbuÍldÈiuh f¥ (IIFCL) gsrq 1·195 vjc MkW¥j] ikWoj fxzM d`kWiksZjsæugsrq 1 vjc MkW¥j rƒk vkU|z iznsæ d`h ,d` t¥kiwfrZ o lsuhVsæuifj;kstuk gsrq 15 d`jksÈM MkW¥j ds` )`. bueÍ ækfe¥ gß\ fo'o cßd`

}kjk Lohd~`r 4·3 vjc MkW¥j d`k ;g )`. 2009–12 d`h vof| eÍ Hkjr ds` f¥, ¥f”r 14vjc MkW¥j ds` )`. d`k gh Hkx gS\

cßd`kÍ ds` lqn~È<hd`j. ds` f¥, Lohd~`r 2 vjc MkW¥j d`h jkfæ d`k bLrsek¥ ljd`kj }kjkbu cßd`kÍ ds` iw∑thd`j. ds` f¥, fd`;k tk,xk\ fjtoZ cßd` ds` fnæk-funsZækÍ ds` rgrΩ cßd`kÍ d`ks12 izfrær iw∑th i;kZIrrk vuqikr (CAR) cuk, j[uk vko';d` gS] tcfd` 2008 eÍlkoZtfud` ”s( ds` 14 cßd`kÍ d`k ;g vuqikr bl ¥f”r vuqikr ls dè ƒk\

Lo.Z cspus d`h vkbZ,e,œ` d`h ;kstukm|kj iznku d`jus d`h viuh ”erk ds` foLrkj ds` f¥, vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" (IMF) d`h

vius foæk¥ Lo.Z HaMkj eÍ ls 403·3 Vu lksuk cspus d`h ;kstuk gS\ bl fc∂`h ls 13 vjcMkW¥j d`h izkfIr eqnzk d`ks" d`ks gks lds`xh\ bld`k bLrsek¥ viuslnL; jkÆV_kÍ d`ks] foæs"r# fu|Zu jkÆV_kÍ d`ks )`. mi¥C| d`jkus ds`f¥, vkbZ,e,œ` }kjk fd`;k tk,xk\ Lo.Z fc∂`h ds` bl izLrko d`ksvkbZ,e,œ` ds` izcU|d` eaM¥ us 18 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks eatwjh iznkud`h gS\ fc∂`h fd`, tkus ok¥k Lo.Z vkbZ,e,œ` ds` ikl mi¥C|dq`¥ 3217 Vu Lo.Z d`k ¥xHx vkBok∑ Hkx gksxk\ 186 lnL;h;vkbZ,e,œ` vejhd`k o teZuh ds` ckn rhljk cÈMk Lo.Z d`ks"

|kjd` gS\ d`ks" ds` lalk|u cÈ<kus ds` f¥, bl Lo.Z d`ks" d`k ,d` Hkx cspus d`k œS`l¥k d`ks"ds` izcU| ra( us v^S¥ 2008 eÍ gh fd`;k ƒk\ d`ks" d`h bl ;kstuk d`k vuqeksnu th-20 us Hhv^S¥ 2009 ds` ¥anu fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ fd`;k ƒk\

vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" us ;g ?ks".k d`h gS fd` Lo.Z d`h izLrkfor fc∂`h bl izd`kj ls d`htk,xh] ftlls bl |krq ds vUrjkZÆV_h; cktkj ij d`ksbZ vlj u iÈMs\ d`ks" d`h bl ?ks".k dsckotwn vUrjkZÆV_h; cktkj eÍ Lo.Z ds` ewY; ¥xHx ,d` gtkj MkW¥j izfr vkmal d`h fxjkoVLo.Z fc∂`h ds` œS`l¥s ds` ckn d`h xbZ gS\

‘flfc¥’ ls ∂s`fMV fjiksVZizkIr d`jus d`h lqfo|k

cßd`kÍ ls )`. ¥sus ds` bPNqd` vkosnd`kÍd`ks )`. Lohd~`r d`jus ls iwoZ cßd` ^k;#vkosnd` d`h ‘∂s fMV fgLV_h’ ns[rs gß\ blls;g irk p¥ tkrk gS fd` vkosnd` fd`lhcßd` d`k )`. pqd`kus eÍ ig¥s ‘fMœ`kWYVj’rks ugÓ jgk gS\ ‘∂s`fMV fgLV_h’ izfrdw`¥gksus ij cßd` )`. ds` vkosnd` d`ks u;k)`. lohd~`r d`jus ls bud`kj d`j ld`rsgß\ Hkjr eÍ cßd`kÍ ds` ‘fMœ`kWYVlZ’ d`k ;g‘MkVk-cßd`’ ∂s`fMV bUœ`kWesZæu C;wjks vkWœ`bafM;k f¥\ (CIBIL) }kjk fofHUu cßd`kÍ ds`lg;ksx ls rS;kj fd`;k x;k gS\ ‘flfc¥’ ds‘MkVk cßd`’ eÍ fofHUu cßd`kÍ ls )`. o

∂s`fMV d`kMZ ¥sus ok¥kÍ ij cd`k;k jkfæ ds`lkƒ muds` pk¥w o can cßd` [krkÍ ijcd`k;k d`k Hh C;ksjk mi¥C| gS\

‘flfc¥’ }kjk d`h xbZ ,d` rktkO;oLƒk ds` rgrΩ vc vke ¥ksx Hh viuh∂s`fMV fjiksVZ ‘flfc¥’ ls izkIr d`j ld`rsgß\ blds` f¥, fu|kZfjr æqYd` vkosnd` d`ks

pqd`kuk gksxk\ ehfM;k fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj;g æqYd` fœ`¥gk¥ 142 :i, fu|kZfjr gS\bl lEcU| eÍ foLr~r tkud`kjh ‘flfc¥’d`h osclkbV ls ¥h tk ld`rh gS\


vkbZ,e,œ` }kjk 4.8 vjcMkW¥j ds` rqY; ,lMhvkjvkoaVu ls Hkjr ds` fonsæh

eqnzk d`ks" eÍ o~f*

28 vxLr] 2009 d`ks lekIr gq,lIrkg eÍ Hkjr ds` fonsæh eqnzk d`ks" 276·3vjc MkW¥j ds` gks x, ƒs] tks ,d` lIrkgiwoZ 21 vxLr] 2009 d`ks 271·957 vjcMkW¥j ds` ƒs\ vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" (IMF)}kjk Hkjr ds` i” eÍ 4·8 vjc MkW¥j ds`rqY; ,lMhvkj d`k vkoaVu xr 28 vxLrd`ks d`jus ds` d`kj. lUnfHZr frfƒ d`ksfonsæh eqnzk d`ks" eÍ ;g o~f* ntZ d`h xbZƒh\ nsæ ds` vkjf”r fonsæh eqnzk d`ks"kÍ eÍo~f* d`k ;g fl¥fl¥k ckn ds` lIrkgkÍ eÍHh cuk jgk rƒk 11 flrEcj] 2009 d`kslekIr lIrkg eÍ dq`¥ fonsæh eqnzk d`ks"280·978 vjc MkW¥j gks x, ƒs\

ig¥h nwjarks js¥xkÈMh fl;k¥nkgo fnY¥h ds` chp izkjEH

2009-10 ds` js¥ ctV eÍ nsæ eÍ 14ubZ nwjarks (Duronto) js¥xkfÈM;kÍ d`kizpk¥u d`jus d`k izLrko js¥ ea(h eerkcuthZ us fd`;k ƒk\ bueÍ ls ig¥h js¥xkÈMhfl;k¥nkg o fnY¥h ds` chp 18 flrEcj]2009 ls æqÔ d`h xbZ gS\ js¥ ea(h eerkcuthZ us bl ig¥h nwjarks ,Dlizsl d`ksd`ks¥d`krk eÍ >≥Mh fn[kd`j jokuk fd`;k\ubZ fnY¥h-fl;k¥nkg ds` chp d`h nwjh d`ks;g 16 ?≥Vs] 20 feuV eÍ r; d`jsxh tksjkt|kuh ,Dlizsl }kjk f¥, tkus ok¥s

le; ls Hh nks ?≥Vs dè `gksxk\ nwljhnwjarks ,Dlizsl d`k izpk¥u 21 flrEcj]2009 ls psUubZ-fnY¥h ds` chp æqÔ fd`;kx;k gS\ bld`k æqHkjEH dsÙnzh; x~gea(hih\ fpnEcjeΩ us psUubZ LVsæu ij >≥Mhfn[kd`j fd`;k\

2009-10 d`h ig¥h frekgh eÍvkfƒZd` o~f* nj 6.1 ^frær

pk¥w fo®h; o"Z 2009-10 d`h ig¥hfrekgh ·v^S¥-twu 2009‚ ds` ld`¥ ?js¥wmRikn (GDP) lEcU|h vk∑d`ÈMs dsÙnzh;lkaf“;d`h; laxBu (CSO) }kjk 31vxLr] 2009 d`ks tkjh fd`, x, ƒs\ buvk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds` vuqlkj lUnfHZr vof| eÍ

thMhih eÍ o~f* 6·1 izfrær jgh gS] tksfd`fiN¥h frekgh ·tuojh-ekpZ 2009‚ eÍ 5·8^frær rƒk iwoZ o"Z d`h leku vof|·v^S¥-twu 2008‚ eÍ 7·8 izfrær ƒh\

rktk mi¥C| vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds` vuqlkjv^S¥-twu 2009 ds` nkSjku d~`f" ”s( eÍo~f* 2·4 ^frær m»ksxkÍ eÍ o~f* 5·0^frær rƒk lsokvkÍ ds` ”s( eÍ ;g 7·8^frær jgh gS\

thMhih ds` bu ifj.kekÍ ds` ifjizs{;eÍ vƒZO;oLƒk ds` eanh ls dq`N mcjus ds`lads`r fe¥rs gß\ 2008-09 eÍ v^S¥-twu2008 eÍ 7·8 ^frær tq¥kbZ-flrEcj 2008eÍ 7·6 ^frær jgus ds` i'pkrΩ vDVwcj-fnlEcj 2008 o tuojh-ekpZ 2009 eÍo~f* nj ∂èæ# 5·8–5·8 ^frær jgh ƒh]tks vc v^S¥-tq¥kbZ 2009 eÍ 6·1 ^frærntZ d`h xbZ gS\

oSf'od` izfrLi*kZ lwpd`kad` eÍHkjr d`k 49ok∑ Lƒku

fo'o vkfƒZd` eap (World EconomicForum—WEF) ds` oSf'od` izfrLi*kZlwpd`kad` 2009-10 (Global CompetitiveIndex) d`h n~fÆV ls Hkjr d`k fo'o eÍ vc49ok∑ Lƒku gS rƒk fiN¥s o"Z d`h rq¥ukeÍ ;g ,d` ik;nku ˜ij pÈ<k gS\ fiN¥so"Z Hkjr d`k bl eke¥s eÍ 50ok∑ Lƒku ƒk\phu d`h jß¯d`x Hh bl o"Z ,d` ik;nkulq|j d`j 30 ls 29 gks xbZ gS\ fo'ovkfƒZd` eap us fo'o ds` 133 pquÓnk nsækÍ ds`f¥, izfrLi*kZ lwpd`kad` 8 flrEcj] 2009d`ks tkjh fd`, gß\ eap ds` vuqlkj vU;nsækÍ d`h rq¥uk eÍ csgrj fo®h; cktkj oetcwr cß¯d`x ”s( ds` p¥rs Hkjr d`hizfrLi*kZ ”erk eÍ lq|kj gqvk gS\


fo'o vkfƒZd` eap ds` o"Z 2009-10ds` rktk izfrLi*kZ lwpd`kad`kÍ d`h n~fÆV lslokZf|d` izfrLi*hZ jkÆV_ fLoVΩtj¥S≥M gksx;k gS rƒk bl eke¥s eÍ vejhd`k] tksfiN¥s o"Z æh"Z ij ƒk] d`ks mlus nwljsLƒku ij NksÈM fn;k gS\ vejhd`k ds` cknrhljk] pkSƒk o ik∑pok∑ Lƒku ∂èæ#¯lxkiqj] LohMu o MsuekdZ` d`k gS\ Ôld`h jß¯d`x eÍ Hkjh fxjkoV bl o"Z ntZ d`hxbZ gS rƒk ;g 51 ls fxjd`j 63oÓ blo"Z jgh gS\ oSf'od` izfrLi*kZ lwpd`kad` d`hn~fÆV ls izeq[ nsækÍ d`h jß¯d`x fuEuf¥f[rrkf¥d`k eÍ nækZbZ xbZ gS%

jkÆV_izfrLi*kZ jß¯d`x

(2009-10)

fLoVΩtj¥S≥M 1

vejhd`k 2

¯lxkiqj 3

LohMu 4

MsuekdZ` 5

fœù¥S≥M 6

teZuh 7

tkiku 8

dùkMk 9

uhnj¥S≥MΩl 10

phu 29

Hkjr 49

czkth¥ 56

Ôl 63

vU; egRoiw.Z rF;

‘Mk¥Mk’ czkaM d`h okilhiwoZ o"ksÛ eÍ vfr ¥ksd`f^; jgs ‘Mk¥Mk’

czkaM d`h okilh Hkjrh; cktkj eÍ xr flrEcjekg eÍ gqbZ gS\ vejhd`h [k» dÈiuh cqaxs(Bunge) d`h Hkjrh; vuq"axh dÈiuh cqaxsbafM;k izk\ f¥\ us ‘Mk¥Mk’ uke ls fjœ`kbaMrs¥ fc∂`h ds` f¥, xr 7 flrEcj d`ks ¥kapfd`;k gS\

KkrO; gS fd` cqaxs us fgUnqLrku f¥oj(HLL) ls Mk¥Mk czkaM 2003 eÍ [jhn f¥;kƒk\

Hkjr eÍ ig¥k bL¥kfed` cßd` ds`j¥ eÍLFkkiuk|hu

ns'k eÍ ig¥k bL¥kfed` cßd` ds`j¥ eÍd`ksfPp eÍ LFkkfir gksxk\ blds` f¥, iathd`j.^fdz`;k ^kjEH gks pqd`h gS rFkk bld`k d`k;Z2010 eÍ ^kjEH gksus d`h lEHkouk gS\ ds`j¥ LVsVbaMfLV_;¥ Mso¥ieÍV d`kWiksZjs'ku (KSIDC) d`hbleÍ 11 ^fr'kr Hkxhnkjh gksxh\

Ms¥ }kjk isjkWV flLVEl d`k vf|xzg.fo'o d`h nwljh cÈMh ilZu¥ dÈI;wVj

dÈiuh Ms¥ bad` us dÈI;wVj lsok œèZ isjkWV

flLVEl d`k 3·9 vjc MkW¥j eÍ vf|xzg.d`jus ds` f¥, le>kSrk 21 flrEcj] 2009 d`ksfd`;k gS\ oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V d`k nkSj æqÔgksus ds` ckn ls bls vkbZVh ”s( d`k lcls cÈMklkSnk ekuk tk jgk gS\ Ms¥ d`h vksj ls tkjhoDrO; ds` vuqlkj nksukÍ czkaMkÍ ds` chp d`jkjd`h ærksÛ d`ks nksukÍ dÈifu;kÍ ds` funsæd` eaM¥kÍd`h eatwjh fe¥ xbZ gS\

cßd` vkWœ` egkjkÆV_ d`k I¥sVhue t;arh o"Z

lkoZtfud` ”s( ds` cßd` vkWœ` egkjkÆV_ usviuh Lƒkiuk ds` 75oÍ o"Z eÍ izosæ flrEcj2009 eÍ fd`;k gS\ 16 flrEcj] 2009 ls16 flrEcj] 2010 rd` I¥sVhue t;arh o"Z ds`Ôi eÍ cßd` }kjk euk;k tk jgk gS\

●●●

æs" i~ÆB 651 d`k

ds` lHh iz;kl foœ`¥ gks x, gß ftlds`p¥rs lhchvkbZ us varr# eke¥s d`ks cand`jus d`k œS`l¥k fd`;k gS\ lkWf¥flVjtuj¥ lqcz©≥;e us fnY¥h mPp U;k;k¥;ds` 2004 ds` ml œS`l¥s d`k gok¥k HhmPpre U;k;k¥; eÍ fn;k ftleÍ d`gk x;kFkk fd` cksœ`kslZ lkSns eÍ HzÆVkpkj d`k d`ksbZeke¥k ugÓ curk\ lqcz©≥;e us d`gk fdèke¥s ds` bu lHh rF;kÍ ij xkSj d`jus ds`ckn ljd`kj us ds`l d`ks can d`jus d`kœS`l¥k f¥;k gS\ lkWf¥flVj tuj¥ ds` blc;ku d`k Hktik vkSj bl eke¥s eÍ lqizhed`ksVZ d`k njoktk [V[Vkus ok¥s od`h¥kÍus d`ÈMk fojks| fd`;k] tcfd` d`kaxzsl usd`gk gS fd` varr# eke¥s ij fojke ¥xx;k gS\ KkrO; gS fd` bl eke¥s eÍDok(ksfPp ,dèk( vkjksih cp x;k FkkD;kÍfd` fnY¥h mPp U;k;k¥; us 31 ebZ]2005 d`ks vU; vkjksfi;kÍ ds` fo:* vkjksifujLr d`j fn, Fks\

laf{kIrd`h

2009 eÍ 72 ck?kÍ d`h e~R;q d`k xSj-ljd`kjh laxBukÍ d`k nkok

ck? laj{k. gsrq fd`, x, reke iz;klkÍds` ckotwn ns'k eÍ bud`h la“;k eÍ fxjkoV d`kvans'kk gS\ 2006 d`h fiN¥h ck? x.uk (TigerCensus) eÍ ns'k eÍ ck?kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k 1411vkd`f¥r d`h xbZ ƒh\ xSj-ljd`kjh laxBukÍ d`knkok gS fd` bueÍ ls dè-ls-dè 150 ck?kÍ d`he~R;q bl vof| eÍ gks pqd`h gS\ bueÍ ls 72ck?kÍ ds` rks blh o"Z ·2009 eÍ‚ ekjs tkus d`knkok fd`;k x;k gS\ ck? la“;k eÍ vk jgh bldèh ds` ifjizs{; eÍ lHh ck? vH;kj≥;kÍ d`kLora( ewY;kadù d`jkus d`k jkÆV_h; ck? laj{k.izkf|d`j. (NTCA) d`k bjknk gS\ blds` f¥,

6 fo'ks"K n¥kÍ d`k xBu izkf|d`j. us flrEcj2009 eÍ fd`;k gS\

●●●

æs" i~ÆB 656 d`k

fonsæ ea(h ,l\,e\ d~`Æ.k d`h cs¥kÔlo rqdZèsfuLrku ;k(k

fonsæ ea(h ,l\ ,e\ d~`Æ.k us 16–19flrEcj] 2009 d`ks cs¥kÔl vkSj rqdZèsfuLrkud`h ;k(k d`h\ pkj fnu d`h bl ;k(k ds` nkSjkuJh d~`Æ.k æqÔ eÍ nks fnukÍ rd` cs¥kÔl eÍ jgstgk∑ jkÆV_ifr ,¥sDtÍMj ¥qd`kæÍd`ks vkSj fonsæea(h lxsZ ekfrZukso ls fofHUu fcUnqvkÍ ijmUgkÍus fopkj-foeæZ fd`;k\ ckn eÍ ogrqdZèsfuLrku x, tgk∑ fonsæ ea(h jæhnesjsnkso o jkÆV_ifr xqjcaxq¥h cnhZeqgEenkso ds`lkƒ f}i”h; eqnΩnkÍ ij mUgkÍus ppkZ d`h\

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Compiled by : Dr. N. K. Singh

Cod

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642

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(Useful for VariousCompetitive Examinations)

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● E-mail : [email protected] ● Website : www.upkar.in Upkar Prakashan, AGRA-2

MathematicalFormulae

Code Code 248248Rs. 76/-Rs. 76/-

Code 248Rs. 76/-

HINDIEDITION


'kCn la{ksi

(Abbreviations)(Abbreviations)

lh vks\ ch\ vkj\ ,\ ·d`kscjk‚%dèkaMks cVkf¥;u œ`kWj fjÈT;kWY;wV ,D'kuCoBRA—Commando Battalion for Resolute Action

O;k“;k%bl v*ZlSfud` c¥ d`k xBu uDl¥h xfrfof|;kÍ ij vadq`'k ds` f¥,fd`;k x;k Fkk\

vkbZ\ lh\ ,e\ ,\ vkbZ\%baLVhVΩ;wV vkWœ` d`kWLV ,≥M eSusteÍV ,d`kmaVΩl vkWœ`bafM;k

ICMAI—Institute of Cost and Management Accounts of India

O;k“;k%1959 eÍ laln }kjk ikfjr vf|fu;e ds` rgrΩ xfBr baLVhVΩ;wV vkWœ`d`kWLV ,≥M oDlZ ,d`kmaVΩl vkWœ` bafM;k (ICWAI) d`ks 'kh?z gh vc bl u, uke·baLVhVΩ;wV vkWœ` d`kWLV ,≥M eSusteÍV ,d`kmaVΩl vkWœ` bf≥M;k‚ ls tkuk tk,xk\ laLFkkds` uke eÍ ifjorZu d`k vuqjks| ljd`kj us lS*kfUrd` rkSj ij Lohd`kj d`j f¥;k gS]fdÙrq blds` f¥, vkbZlhMCY;w,vkbZ vf|fu;e eÍ ifjorZu d`juk gksxk\ d`kWiksZjsV eke¥kÍds` ea(h l¥eku [q'khZn ds` vuqlkj bl fn'kk eÍ d`ke fd`;k tk jgk gS rFkkvkSipkfjd`rkvkÍ d`ks 'kh?z gh iwjk d`j f¥;k tk,xk\

fu;qfDr;k¡(Appointments)(Appointments)

clar lsB%flMch (SIDBI) ds` mi-^cU| funs'kd` clar lsB d`ks vc lkoZtfud`{ks( ds flaMhds`V cßd` d`k ps;jeSu lg^cU|funs'kd` vxLr 2009 eÍ fu;qDr fd`;k x;kgS\ iwoZ o"ksÛ eÍ og cßd` vkWœ` bafM;k eÍegk^cU|d` jg pqds` gß\

ih\ lh\ Hkj}kt%¥sfŒVuÍV tuj¥ih\ lh\ Hkj}kt Hkjrh; Fk¥ lsuk dsù, miêq[ cuk, x, gß\ bl in ij¥sfŒVuÍV tuj¥ Fkacwjkt d`k LFkku mUgkÍusxzg. fd`;k gS] tks 30 flrEcj] 2009 d`kslsokfuo~® gq, gß\ ¥sfŒVuÍV tuj¥ Hkj}ktblls iwoZ Fk¥ lsuk d`h m®jh dèku ds`êq[ Fks\

Mh\ ds`\ nhoku%okbl ,Mfej¥ Mh\ds`\ nhoku Hkjrh; ukSlsuk ds` u, miêq[gß\ 1 flrEcj] 2009 ls bl in ij okbl,Mfej¥ vkj\ ih\ lqFkku d`k LFkku mUgkÍusf¥;k gS] tks ,d` fnu iwoZ lsokfuo~® gq, Fks\

lqczrks pVΩVksik÷;k;%n isfualq¥kœ`kmaMs'ku ds` ps;jeSu lqczrks pVΩVksik÷;k;d`ks xr 15 flrEcj d`ks eqEcbZ eÍ lEiUupquko eÍ vkWfMV C;wjks vkWœ` `ldqZ`¥s'ku

(ABC) d`k ps;jeSu l( 2009-10 ds` f¥,loZlEefr ls pquk x;k\ ¥ksdèr xzqi ds`fot; njMk d`ks C;wjks d`k fMIVh ps;jeSubl pquko eÍ pquk x;k\

Vh\ oÍd`Vjke jsMΩMh%MsDdù dz`kWfud`¥ds` ps;jeSu Vh\ oÍd`Vjke jsMΩMh d`ks o"Z2009-10 ds` f¥, bafM;u U;wtisijlkslkbVh (INS) d`k v÷;{k pquk x;k gS\mud`k p;u lkslkbVh d`h gSnjkckn eÍ24 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks lEiUu 70oÓ okf"Zd`cSBd` eÍ gqvk\ bl in ij mUgkÍus ckWEcslekpkj ohd`¥h ds` gksjeqlth ,u\ d`kekd`k LFkku f¥;k gS\

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fnud`j [qY¥j%fons'k ea(k¥; eÍvfrfjDr lfpo fnud`j [qY¥j d`ksvkfLV_;k eÍ Hkjr d`k jktnwr flrEcj2009 eÍ fu;qDr fd`;k x;k gS\ bl in ijlkSjH dqèkj d`k LFkku og ¥Íxs\

lqtkrk jko%,MΩl fu;a(. foHkxd`h êq[ lqtkrk jko vc ns'k d`h ubZLokLF; lfpo cukbZ xbZ gß\ bl in ij

ujs'k n;k¥] tks 30 flrEcj d`ks lsokfuo~®gq, gß] d`k LFkku mUgkÍus 1 vDVwcj] 2009ls f¥;k gS\

¥hfc;k ds` v¥h vCnqLl¥ke V_sd`hla;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk ds` 64oÍ l(

ds` v÷;{k¥hfc;k ds` vœz`hd`h ;wfu;u eke¥kÍ ds`

ea(h v¥h vCnqLl¥ke V_sd`h (Ali Abdus-salam Treki) la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk ds` 64oÍ

v¥h vCnqLl¥ke V_sd`h

vf|os'ku ds v÷;{kgß\ egklHk ds` 15flrEcj] 2009 d`ks'kqÔ gq, bl vf|os-'ku ds` v÷;{k ds`Ôi eÍ mUgkÍus d`k;Z-Hkj l∑Hk¥ f¥;k gS\la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h192 lnL;h; egk-

lHk eÍ twu 2009 eÍ loZlEefr ls mUgÍbl nkf;Ro gsrq pquk x;k Fkk\ muls iwoZfud`kjkxqvk ds` fexq,¥ Mh ,Ld`ksVks czkWdèSuegklHk ds` 63oÍ l( ds` v÷;{k Fks\

cqYxkfj;k d`h bfjuk cksd`ksok gkÍxh;wusLd`ks d`h vx¥h egkfuns'kd`cqYxkfj;k d`h iwoZ fons'k ea(h ,oa orZeku

eÍ œz`kal eÍ jktnwr bfjuk cksd`ksok (IrinaBokova) ‘;wusLd`ks’(UNESCO) d`hvkxkeh egkfuns'kd`gkÍxh\ bl in ds` f¥,;wusLd`ks ds` 58 ln-L;h; d`k;Zd`kjh cksMZeÍ vfr la?"Ziw.Z pqukoeÍ mUgÍ pquk x;k gS\ 22flrEcj] `2009 d`ks bfjuk cksd`ksok

ik∑poÍ nkSj ds` ernku eÍ felz ds` lkaLd~`frdèa(h œ`k:[ gksLuh d`ks 31–27 erkÍ dsèkew¥h vUrj ls mUgkÍus ijkftr fd`;k\blls iwoZ pkSFks nkSj ds ernku eÍ 29-29 ernksukÍ d`ks ^kIr gq, Fks\ muds` bl pquko d`k;wusLd`ks d`h egklHk eÍ vuqeksnu vDVwcj2009 eÍ fd`;k tk,xk\ la;qDr jkÆV_ la?(UNO) d`h isfjl fLFkr bl ,tÍlh d`hêq[ cuus ok¥h og ig¥h efg¥k gkÍxh\

iqjLdkj@lEeku(Awards/Honours)(Awards/Honours)

,f'k;u fœ`Ye esd`j vkWœ` n bZ;j%ckW¥hoqM ds` tkus-ekus fuekZrk funsZ'kd` ;'kpksiÈMk d`ks n\ d`ksfj;k eÍ cqlku eÍ 8–16vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks gksus ok¥s vUrjkZÆV_h;fœ`Ye egksRlo eÍ ,f'k;u fœ`Ye esd`jvkWœ` n bZ;j ds` Ôi eÍ iqjLd~`r fd`;ktk,xk\

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/663/3

vkbZlhlh ds` 2008-09 ds` iqjLd`kjfdz`ds`V ds` {ks( eÍ mRd~`ÆV ^n'kZu ds` f¥, vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V ifj"nΩ ds` o"Z

2008-09 ds` ·NBs‚ iqjLd`kjkÍ d`k forj. n\ vœz`hd`k eÍ tksgkalcxZ eÍ 1 vDVwcj]2009 d`ks fd`;k x;k\ 13 vxLr] 2008 ls 24 vxLr] 2009 d`h vof| ds` ^n'kZud`ks bu iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` f¥, vk|kj cuk;k x;k Fkk\ iqjLd~`r f[¥kfÈM;kÍ ds` ukefuEuf¥f[r gß%fdz`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j%fe'ks¥ tkWulu ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚VsLV I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%xkSre xaHhj ·Hkjr‚ou Ms I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%egsUnz flag |ksuh ·Hkjr‚beftÛx I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%ihVj flM¥ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚\,lksfl,V ,≥M ,fœ`f¥,V I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%fof¥;e iksVZjœ`hYM ·vk;j¥S≥M‚\Vh-20 ijœ`kWeZj vkWœ` n bZ;j%fr¥d`jRus fn¥'kku ·Jh¥ad`k‚oksesu I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%D¥s;j Vs¥j ·bax¥S≥M‚vEik;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%v¥he Mkj ·ikfd`Lrku‚fLifjV vkWœ` fdz`ds`V%U;wth¥S≥M\

egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh # ou MsI¥s;j vkWœ```n bZ;j

vkbZlhlh ouMs VheegsUnz ¯lg |ksuh ·dÌrku‚] ohjsUnzlgokx] ;qojkt ¯lg] f∂`l xs¥]ds`fou ihVjlu] fr¥d`jRus fn¥æku]ekfVZu xqfIV¥] ,aM_;w ¯Œ¥VkWœ`] uqokudq`¥kæs[jk] vtark eÍfMl] mej xq¥12ok∑ f[¥kÈMh%fƒ¥u rq"kjk

vkbZlhlh VsLV VheegsUnz ¯lg |ksuh ·dÌrku‚] lfpurÍnq¥d`j] xkSre xEHhj] ,aM_;w LV_kl],ch fMfof¥;lZ] fƒ¥u lejohjk]ekbd`¥ D¥kdZ`] ækfd`c v¥ glu]feæs¥ tkulu] LVqvVZ czkM] Ms¥ LVsu12ok∑ f[¥kÈMh%gjHtu ¯lg

xkSre xEHhj # VsLV I¥s;jvkWœ```n``bZ;j

vkbZlhlh ds` bu iqjLd`kjkÍ d`k ;g NBk o"Z Fkk\ blls iwoZ 2004 eÍ bu iqjLd`kjkÍ d`k forj. ¥anu eÍ] 2005 eÍ flMuh eÍ] 2006 eÍ eqEcbZeÍ] 2007 eÍ tksgkalcxZ eÍ o 2008 eÍ ;g nqcbZ eÍ fd`;k x;k Fkk\ bu o"ksÛ eÍ fofHUu iqjLd~`rkÍ ds` uke fuEuf¥f[r gß%

vkbZlhlh iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` iwoZ o"ksÛ eÍ fotsrk

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

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fjd`h ikÍfVax·vkLV_sf¥;k‚


fæoukjk;. pUnzik¥·osLVbaMht‚

VsLV I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j jkgq¥ nzfoÈM ·Hkjr‚ tSDl dS`f¥l·nf{k.``vœz`hd`k‚


eksgEen ;wlqœ`·ikfd`Lrku‚

Ms¥ LVsu·nf{k.``vœz`hd`k‚

ou Ms I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j ,aM_;w fŒ¥aVkWœ`·bax¥S≥M‚

ds`fou ihVjlu·bax¥S≥M‚

ekbd`¥ glh·vkLV_sf¥;k‚

eSF;w gsMsu·vkLV_sf¥;k‚

egsUnz flag |ksuh·Hkjr‚

beftÛx I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j bjœ`ku iBku ·Hkjr‚ ds`fou ihVjlu·bax¥S≥M‚

b;ku cs¥·bax¥S≥M‚

æku VSV·vkLV_sf¥;k‚

vtUrk eÍfMl·Jh¥ad`k‚

Vh-20 I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j ;qojkt flag ·Hkjr‚oweSu fdz`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j d`kjsu jkYVu

·vkLV_sf¥;k‚>w¥u xksLokeh·Hkjr‚

pk¥ksZVh ,MoMΩlZ·bax¥S≥M‚

vEik;j vkWœ` n bZ;j lkbeu Vœs`¥·vkLV_sf¥;k‚

lkbeu Vœs`¥·vkLV_sf¥;k‚




dS`LV_kW¥ fdz`ds`V iqjLd`kj (2008)Hkjrh; fdz`ds`VjkÍ ds` f¥, dS`LV_kW¥

(Castrol) ds` o"Z 2008 ds` iqjLd`kjkÍ d`kforj. eqEcbZ eÍ 17 flrEcj] 2009 d`ksfd`;k x;k\ ;g iqjLd`kj fuEuf¥f[r d`ks^nku fd`, x,%

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ckW¥j vkWœ` n bZ;j%gjHtu flag·2 ¥k[ :i,‚

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eUuk Ms # nknk lkgscœ`kYds` iqjLd`kj

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loZJsÆB Lis'k¥ bœs`DVΩl ·jtr dè¥‚%f'kokth ·rfe¥ fœ`Ye‚

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mY¥s[uh; gS fd` bu iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` f¥, ljd`kj }kjk xfBr T;wjh eÍ fuekZrk-funsZ'kd` lbZ ijkatis d`ks œ`hpj fœ`Ye Js.h d`h T;wjh d`k]o~®fp( fuekZrk v'kksd` fo'oukFku d`ks xSj-œ`hpj Js.h d`h T;wjh d`k rFkk ^fl* ¥sf[d`k uferk xks[¥s d`ks flusek ij loZJsÆB ¥s[u Js.h d`hT;wjh d`k v÷;{k cuk;k x;k Fkk\ rhukÍ gh Jsf.;kÍ ds`` iqjLd`kjkÍ d`k forj. vDVwcj eÍ fd`;k tk,xk\

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2009 eÍ d`h\ vkWLd`j iqjLd`kj ds` f¥,Hkjr d`h vkf|d`kfjd` izfofÆV ds` f¥,fœ`Ye ds` p;u gsrq ,œ`,œ`vkbZ d`h T;wjhd`h izeq[ tkuh-ekuh vfHus(h vkæk ikjs[ƒÓ\

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i~Foh] okrkoj.] leqnz ,oa [xks¥ foKku%MkW\ ,l\ ds`\ lrh'k ·bafM;u baLVhVΩ;wVvkWœ` lkbal] cax¥kSj‚

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ækafr] fu#æL(hd`j. vkSj fod`klgsrq bafnjk xka|h vUrjkZÆV_h; iqjLd`kj(2008)%o"Z 2008 d`k ækafr] fu#æL(h-d`j. ,oa fod`kl gsrq bafnjk xka|h vUr-jkZÆV_h; iqjLd`kj (Indira Gandhi Prizefor Peace, Disarmament and Deve-lopment—2008) vUrjkZÆV_h; ijek.q˜tkZ ,tÍlh (IAEA) ds` egkfunsædèksgEen v¥cjnsbZ d`ks 30 flrEcj] 2009d`ks jkÆV_ifr izfrHk ikfV¥ us ubZ fnY¥h eÍ^nku fd`;k\ bl iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ 25¥k[ :i, d`h jkfæ iznku d`h tkrh gS\

vUrjkZÆV_h; ijek.q ˜tkZ ,tÍlh (IAEA) dsègkfunsæd` eksgEen v¥cjnsbZ d`ks ækafr]

fu#æL(hd`j. vkSj fod`kl ds` f¥, 2008 d`kbafnjk xka|h iqjLd`kj nsrÓ jkÆV_ifr izfrHk ikfV¥

v¥cjnsbZ d`ks ;g iqjLd`kj iznku d`jus d`h?ks".k uoEcj 2008 eÍ d`h xbZ ƒh\

o"Z 2006 d`k ;g iqjLd`kj d`hfu;kd`h i;kZoj.oknh oaxkjh eƒkbZ d`ks rƒk2007 d`k iqjLd`kj fc¥ ,≥M es¯¥MkxsVΩl œ`kmaMsæu d`ks fn;k x;k ƒk\œ`kmaMsæu ds` f¥, 2007 d`k ;g iqjLd`kjekb∂`kslkWŒV ds` lglaLƒkid` fc¥ xsVΩl us25 tq¥kbZ] 2009 d`ks gh izkIr fd`;k ƒk\

xf.r ds` ”s( eÍ mRd~`ÆV ;ksxnkugsrq ‘lkL(k’ jkekuqtu iqjLd`kj (2009)%xf.r ds` ”s( eÍ mRd~`ÆV ;ksxnku ds` f¥,o"Z 2009 d`k ‘lkL(k’ jkekuqtu iqjLd`kjteZuh ds` d`ks¥ksu (Cologne) fo'ofo»k¥;d`h ^ks\ dS`ƒjhu ¯czxeSu (KathrinBringmann) d`ks fn;k tk,xk\ 10 gtkjMkW¥j d`k ;g iqjLd`kj mUgÍ 22 fnlEcj]2009 d`ks] jkekuqtu ds` tUe fnol ijrfe¥ukMq eÍ dqÈHd`ks.e ·jkekuqtu d`kx~g uxj‚ eÍ xf.r d`h ,d` vUrjkZÆV_h;d`kWUœzsÙl eÍ iznku fd`;k tk,xk\

tkus-ekus xf.rK Jhfuokl jkekuqtu(1887–1920) ftUgkÍus 32 o"Z ds` viuslaf”Ir thou eÍ gh egkuΩ mi¥fC|;k∑ izkIrd`j ¥h ƒÓ] d`h Le~fr eÍ lkL(k(SASTRA) fo'ofo»k¥; }kjk Lƒkfir;g iqjLd`kj 32 o"Z d`h vk;q rd` ds`xf.rKkÍ d`ks gh fn;k tkrk gS\

R;kxi«k@inP;qfr(Resignation/Dismissal)(Resignation/Dismissal)

leqnzh rwœ`ku ‘eksjkd`ksV’ ls fuiVuseÍ foœ`¥rk ds` p¥rs rkboku ds` ^|ku-ea(h f¥;q pkvks-f'k;qvku d`k R;kxi(%vxLr 2009 eÍ rkboku ds` rVh; b¥kd`kÍ


eÍ Hkjh rckgh epkus ok¥s leqnzh rwœ`kueksjkd`ksV (Morakot) ls fuiVus eÍ ¥kij-okgh cjrus ds` vkjksikÍ ds` i'pkrΩ rkbokuds` iz|kuea(h f¥;q pkvks-fæ;qvku (LiuChao-Shiuan) us vius bl in ls 7flrEcj] 2009 d`ks R;kxi( ns fn;k\ foxrik∑p næd`kÍ eÍ rkboku eÍ vk, bl lclsHh". rwœ`ku ‘eksjkd`ksV’ us 600 ls vf|d`¥ksxkÍ d`ks ekSr ds` eq∑g eÍ igq∑pk fn;k ƒk\

l®kÔÈ< ikVhZ ds` egklfpo ow Msu-f;g(Wu Den-Yih) d`ks ogk∑ u;k iz|kuea(hcuk;k x;k gS\

fu/ku(Death)(Death)

ukWjeu cksj¥kWx%gfjr dz`kfUr ds`tud` vejhd`h d~`f" oSKkfud` ukWjeu

ukWjeu cksj¥kWx

cksj¥kWx (NormanBorlaug) d`k12 flrEcj] 2009 d`ksvejhd`k eÍ MY¥kl(Dallas) eÍ fu|u gksx;k\ og 95 o"Z ds`Fks\ cksj¥kWx us vf|d`mit nsus ok¥s ,sls

chtkÍ d`ks fod`flr fd`;k Fkk] ftulsmRiknu cÈ<kd`j ¥sfVu vejhd`k o ,f'k;keÍ [k»kUu d`h dèh d`ks nwj fd`;k tk ld`kFkk\ muds` bl ;ksxnku ds` f¥, 1970 eÍmUgÍ ukscs¥ 'kkafr iqjLd`kj fn;k x;k Fkk\Hkjr ljd`kj us Hh mUgÍ ns'k d`k nwljkcÈMk ukxfjd` lEeku inΩe foHw". 2006eÍ nsd`j lEekfur fd`;k Fkk\ 1977 eÍ^sthMÍf'k;¥ esM¥ vkWœ` œz`hMe o 2006 eÍd`kaxzslu¥ xksYM esM¥ mUgÍ ^nku fd`;kx;k Fkk\ [k» ,oa d~`f" laxBu d`k fo'o[k» iqjLd`kj muds` uke ij LFkkfir fd`;kx;k Fkk\

ukWjeu cksj¥kWx ds` ^fr J*katf¥O;Dr d`jrs gq, Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkWeuekssgu flag us d`gk fd` mud`h gfjrdz`kafr rdùhd` us Hkjr d`ks vukt ds`xEHhj lad`V ls mckjus vkSj vUu mRiknueÍ vkRefuHZj gksus eÍ enn d`h Fkh\ ^|ku-ea(h us d`gk fd` 1960 ds` n'kd` eÍ tcHkjr vukt ds` xEHhj lad`V ls tw> jgkFkk] cksj¥kWx }kjk fod`flr vf|d` iSnkokjok¥h œ`l¥kÍ us d~`f" eÍ dz`kafr ¥k nh ftllsHkjr vukt ds` eke¥s eÍ vkRefuHZj gksld`k Fkk\

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jktflag Mwaxjiqj%Hkjrh; fdz`ds`Vda`V_ks¥ cksMZ (BCCI) ds` iwoZ v÷;{k jktflagMwaxjiqj d`k 12 flr-Ecj] 2009 d`ks eqEcbZeÍ fu|u gks x;k\ og73 o"Z ds` Fks rFkkog vfookfgr Fks\19 fnlEcj] 1935 d`kstUes jktflag Mwaxjiqj·jktLFkku‚ ds` jktk jktflag Mwaxjiqj

egkjko¥ ¥{e. flag ds` lcls NksVs iq(Fks\ vius fe(kÍ eÍ ‘jktHkbZ’ ds` uke ls^fl* jktflag v¥>kbej ls ihfÈMr Fks\og 1990 ds` n'kd` eÍ rhu o"Z rd`chlhlhvkbZ ds` v÷;{k jgs Fks\

pfpZr O;fDr(Persons in the News)(Persons in the News)

¥klZ ¥ksDds` jkleqlsu%MsUekdZ` ds`^|kuea(h ¥klZ ¥ksDds` jkleqlsu (LarsLokke Rasmussen) us flrEcj 2009 dsìwokZ*Z eÍ Hkjr d`h ;k(k d`h\ ^|kuea(h ds`Ôi eÍ d`k;ZHkj l∑Hk¥us ds` nks lIrkg ds`Hhrj d`h xbZ\

MsUekdZ` ds` ^|kuea(h jkleqlsu ubZ fnY¥h eÍHkjrh; ^|kuea(h eueksgu flag ds` lkFk

mud`h bl ;k(k d`k mˆs'; Hkjr ,oaMsUekdZ` ds` f}i{kh; lEcU|kÍ eÍ lqn~È<rk¥kuk Fkk\ jkÆV_ifr Hou eÍ vkSipkfjd`Lokxr ds` i'pkrΩ Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkW\eueksgu flag ds lkFk mud`h okrkZ gSnjkckngkml ·ubZ fnY¥h‚ eÍ 11 flrEcj d`ks gqbZ\

¯cns'oj ikBd`%lq¥H baVjusæu¥ ds`laLƒkid` ¯cns'oj ikBd` d`ks vejhd`h

¯cns'oj ikBd`

if(d`k Vkbe us o"Z2009 ds` i;kZoj.uk;d`kÍ (Heroes ofEnvironment 2009)d`h lwph eÍ Lƒku fn;kgS\ fo'oHj ds` pquÓnk31 O;fDr;kÍ d`h bllwph eÍ usrkvkÍ] d`k;Z-

d`rkZvkÍ] oSKkfud`kÍ] uoizorZd`k Í rƒkm»fe;kÍ d`ks ækfe¥ fd`;k x;k gS\ JhikBd` d`ks ‘oSKkfud`kÍ ,o uoizorZd`kÍ’ eÍif(d`k us ;g Lƒku iznku fd`;k gS\

lqeu 'kekZ%nsgjknwu fLƒr bafM;ufef¥V_h ,ds`Meh d`h Œ¥kbax baLV_DVjlqeu 'kekZ us vxLr 2009 eÍ Ôl eÍekWLd`ks ls ¥xHx 40 fdèh nwj tqd`ksOld`h(Zhukovsky) eÍ lEiUu ,d` ,;j 'kks eÍ¥ÈMkdw foeku lq[ksbZ 30 ,eds vkbZ mÈMkd`jbfrgkl jpk\ lq[ksbZ foeku mÈMkus ok¥hog fo'o d`h ig¥h efg¥k cuh gß\ lqeuus blls iwoZ œ`jojh 2009 eÍ cax¥kSj eÍ,;jks bafM;k æks eÍ vejhd`h ¥ÈMkdw` foeku,œ`-16 o Ôlh fex-35 foeku Hh mÈMk,Fks\

fiVΩlcxZ%oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V lsfuiVus ds` f¥, ok¯æxVu o ¥anu fæ[jlEes¥ukÍ eÍ fd`, x, œS`l¥kÍ ds` izHkokÍ d`hleh”k d`jus rƒk vkfƒZd` lqn~È<hd`j. ds`f¥, vkxs d`h O;wg jpuk ij fopkj ds`f¥, th-20 d`k fæ[j lEes¥u la;qDrjkT; vejhd`k eÍ fiVΩlcxZ eÍ 24-25flrEcj] 2009 d`ks gqvk\ bls Hkjrh;iz|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg us HhlEcksf|r fd`;k\

o"kZ@fnol@lIrkg(Year/Days/Week)(Year/Days/Week)

1–7 flrEcj%jkÆV_h; iks". lIrkg5 flrEcj%f'k{kd` fnol·iwoZ jkÆV_ifr loZiY¥h jk|kd~`Æ.u d`k

tUe fnol‚8 flrEcj%vUrjkZÆV_h; lk{kjrk fnol14 flrEcj%fgUnh fnol15 flrEcj%vfH;Urk fnol15 flrEcj%lapf;d`k fnol16 flrEcj%vkstksu ijr laj{k.

fnol26 flrEcj%lh,lvkbZvkj d`k

LFkkiuk fnol26 flrEcj%^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu

flag d`k tUe fnol27 flrEcj%fo'o i;ZVu fnol·bl o"Z i;ZVu fnol d`k Fkhe Fkk%

fofo|rk eÍ vkuan ·lsf¥czs¯Vx MkboflZVh‚‚27 flrEcj ·flrEcj d`k vafre

jfookj‚%fo'o ≤n; fnol·o"Z 2009 eÍ ≤n; fnol d`k Fkhe

Fkk%Work with Heart‚29 flrEcj%iEifdù ·d`nΩnw‚ fnol


iqLrdsa(Books)(Books)

n f¥fV¥ LV_Ítj (The LittleStranger) % lkjkgk okVlZ

n ¥kWLV flEc¥ (The LostSymbol) % Mku czkmu

·Mku czkmu d`h blls fiN¥h iqLrd`The Da Vinci Code vR;f|d` fookfnrgks xbZ Fkh‚

bafM;k ,≥M X¥ksc¥ dz`kbfll (Indiaand Global Crisis) % 'kad`j vkpk;Z

n lqMksdq` vkWœ` bafM;kÈt xzksƒ (TheSudoku of India’s Growth)

%vj¯on fojekuh

xqtjkr mPp U;k;k¥; us tloarflag d`h iqLrd` ls ^frcU| gVk;k

xqtjkr mPp U;k;k¥; us jkT; ljd`kjd`h 19 vxLr] 2009 d`h ml vf|lwpuk d`ksxr 4 flrEcj d`ks jnΩn d`j fn;k] ftlds`rgrΩ iwoZ Hktik usrk tloar flag d`hfookfnr iqLrd` ‘ftUukg # bafM;k ikVhZ'ku-bafMiÍMÍl’ d`ks jkT; eÍ ^frcfU|r fd`;k x;kFkk\ mPp U;k;k¥; us d`gk fd` ftl d`kuwuds` rgrΩ vf|d`kfj;kÍ us ;g vf|lwpuk tkjhd`h Fkh] ml d`kuwu ds` ^ko|kukÍ d`h vko';-d`rkvkÍ d`ks bls tkjh d`jrs le; iwjk ugÓfd`;k x;k Fkk\

lfefr@vk;ksx(Committee/Commission)(Committee/Commission)

13oÍ fo® vk;ksx ds` d`k;Zd`k¥eÍ o~f*

dsÙnz ljd`kj us fot; ds`¥d`j d`hv÷;{krk ok¥s 13oÍ fo® vk;ksx ds` d`k;Zd`k¥eÍ 3 ekg d`h o~f* flrEcj 2009 eÍ d`h gS\uoEcj 2007 eÍ xfBr bl vk;ksx d`k d`k;Z-d`k¥ 31 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` Fkk] ftlscÈ<kd`j vc 31 tuojh] 2010 fd`;k x;k gS\13oÍ fo® vk;ksx d`h flœ`kfj'kÍ 1 v^S¥]2010 ls 31 ekpZ] 2015 rd` d`h vof| ds`f¥, gkÍxh\

lEesyu(Conferences)(Conferences)

vkBok∑ ôklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥utuojh 2010 eÍ ubZ fnY¥h eÍ%vkBok∑ôklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥u 7–9 tuojh]2010 d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ gksxk\ ^|kuea(hMkW\ eueksgu flag bld`k mnΩ?kVu

8 tuojh d`ks d`jÍxs\ 9 tuojh d`ks lekiulekjksg d`ks jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ lEcksf|rd`jÍxh\ fons'kkÍ eÍ fof'kÆV igpku cukusok¥s Hkjrh; ew¥ d`h pquÓnk gfLr;kÍ d`ksôklh Hkjrh; fnol lEeku jkÆV_ifr }kjklekiu lekjksg eÍ ^nku fd`;k tk,xk\

MCY;wVhvks d`k feuh eaf(Lrjh;lEes¥u%fo'o O;kikj laxBu (WTO) d`hnksgk nkSj d`h okrkZ eÍ tq¥kbZ 2008 ls vk,xfrjks| d`ks nwj d`jus ds` f¥, laxBu ds`êq[ lnL;kÍ ds O;kikj eaf(;kÍ d`k lEes¥u3-4 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍlEiUu gqvk\ vejhd`k] phu] czkth¥ o;wjksih; la? lfgr 35 ns'kkÍ d s ` O;kikjeaf(;kÍ us Hkjrh; okf.T; ,oa m»ksx ea(hvkuan 'kekZ `d`h estckuh eÍ vk;ksftr bllEes¥u eÍ Hkx f¥;k\ MCY;wVhvks dsègkfuns'kd` ikLd`¥ ¥keh Hh bl lEes¥ueÍ mifLFkr jgs\ bl lEes¥u eÍ gqbZlgefr ds` p¥rs gh 14 ekg ls vo:`*nksgk nkSj d`h okrkZ ckn eÍ 14 flrEcj]2009 ls tsusok eÍ iqu# 'kqÔ gks ld`h\

vUrjkZÆV_h; tula“;k lEes¥u%26ok∑vUrjkZÆV_h; tula“;k lEes¥u eksjDd`ks dsèjkds`æ ægj eÍ 27 flrEcj–2 vDVwcj]2009 d`ks lEiUu gqvk\

nq?kZVuk,a(Accidents)(Accidents)

ok;q lsuk d`k fex foeku nq?ZVuk-xzLr%Hkjrh; ,oa ok;q lsuk d`k ,d` fex-21 foeku 10 flrEcj 2009 d`ks iatkc eÍHfVaMk ds` fud`V nq?ZVukxzLr gqvk\ blnq?ZVuk eÍ foeku pk¥d` d`h Hh e~R;q gqbZ\;g foeku nq?ZVuk bl o"Z d`h fex foekukÍd`h pkSFkh nq?ZVuk Fkh\

ds`rlkuk rwœ`ku ls fœ`¥hiÓl ds`rVh; {ks(kÍ eÍ gtkjkÍ cs?j%fœ`¥hiÓl d`hjkt|kuh euh¥k o fud`VorhZ rVh; {ks(25 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks ds rlkuk (Ketsana)rwœ`ku d`h pisV eÍ jgs\ rwœ`kuh gokvkÍ ds`lkFk Hkjh o"kZ ls ckÈ< tSlh fLFkfr^Hkfor {ks(kÍ eÍ cu xbZ] ftleÍ 200 lsvf|d` ¥ksx ekjs x, rFkk gtkjkÍ cs?j gksx,\ rwœ`ku ls lokZf|d` {kfr euh¥k dsìwoZ eÍ fLFkr fjt¥ ^kar eÍ gqbZ\

vUrfj{k(Space)(Space)

'kfu ij p¥ jgh vk∑|h] lkSje≥M¥eÍ lcls ¥Ecs le; rd` p¥h vk∑|h%lkSj-e≥M¥ d`k fo'kk¥ xzg 'kfu (Saturn) ,d`

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gS¥s xSczsfl¥klh

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U;w;kWdZ` eÍ vejhd`h vksiu Vsful–2009 d`k iq:"kÍ d`k ;qx¥ f[rkc Hkjr ds` f¥,aMjisl o pSd` x.jkT; ds` ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh (Lukas Dlouhy) d`h tksÈMh us thrk\ 13 flrEcj d`ks[s¥s x, œ`kbu¥ eqd`kc¥s eÍ Hkjr ds` gh egsæ Hwifr o cgkekl ds` ekdZ` uksYl d`h tksÈMh d`ks

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;qx¥ f[rkc gS\ muds` bu 10 f[rkckÍ eÍ 6 iq:" ;qx¥ o 4 fefJr ;qx¥ ækfe¥ gß\ f[rkckÍd`h lwph fuEuf¥f[r gS%

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o"Z VwukZesUV Li*kZ tksÈMhnkj1999

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I¥s vkWœ` nkSj eÍ Hkjr ds` lksensoceZu o jksgu cksiUuk vius ,d`¥ eqd`kc¥sthrus eÍ lœ`¥ jgs ƒs] fdÙrq egsæ Hwifrds` pksfV¥ gksus ds` d`kj. Hwifr-cksiUuk d`htksÈMh ;qx¥ eqd`kc¥s eÍ chp eÍ gh d`ksVZ lsgV xbZ ƒh\ ckn eÍ lksenso ceZu o ;qd`hHkacjh m¥V ,d`¥ thrus eÍ lœ`¥ jgs]ftlls bl nkSj eÍ Hkjr d`h cÈ<r 4–1 d`hjgh\ Vhe ds` xSj f[¥kÈMh dÌrku ,l\ih\ feJk gß\

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vk;q lhek%1 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks 21–30o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkjNwV mi¥C| gS\

bl HrhZ gsrq vkosnu ds` f¥, v˙;fƒZ;kÍds f¥, vkWu ¥kbu iathd`j. d`h vfUre frfƒ31 vDVwcj] 2009 gS\ HrhZ ds` f¥, ¥h tkusok¥h ijh{kk eÍ oLrqfuÆB o o.ZukRed` nksukÍ ghfd`Le ds` iz'u-i( gkÍxs\ 135 feuV d`h oLrqfuÆBijh{kk eÍ rdZ`æfDr] la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk]lkekU; tkxÔd`rk o vaxzsth Hk"k d`h ijh{kkgksxh\ o.ZukRed` ijh{kk ds o¥ Dok¥hœ`kbax fd`Led`h gksxh\ bl ijh{kk eÍ fgUnh vƒok vaxzsthHk"k eÍ m®j fn, tk ldÍ xs\ f¥f[r ijh{kk d`hlEHkfor frfƒ 13 fnlEcj] 2009 gS\

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mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu}kjk izd`kfær cßd` ih\vks\ ijh{kk ls lEcfU|riqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u d`jÍ\

lfEef¥r j”k lsok ijh”k (I),

2010

la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx }kjk tuojh 2011ls ^kjEH gksus ok¥s Hkjrh; lSfud` vd`kneh]ukSlsuk vd`kneh rƒk ok;qlsuk vd`kneh ds`d`kslksÛ rƒk vizS¥ 2011 ls ^kjEH gksus ok¥svf|d`kjh ^fæ”. vd`kneh] psUubZ d`kslZ eÍHrhZ gsrq 14 œ`jojh] 2010 d`ks lfEef¥r j”klsok ijh”k (I), 2010 vk;ksftr d`h tk,xh\bl ijh”k ds` ifj.ke ds` vk|kj ij Hjh tkus

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fLƒfr`#(1) Hkjrh; lSfud` vd`kneh ds` f¥,%

dsò¥ ,sls vfookfgr iq:" mEehnokjgh ik( gß] ftud`k tUe 2 tuojh]1987 ls ig¥s rƒk 1 tuojh] 1992ds` ckn u gqvk gks\

(2) ukSlsuk vd`kneh ds` f¥,%dsò¥ ,slsvfookfgr iq:" mEehnokj gh ik( gß]ftud`k tUe 2 tuojh] 1989 [,u\lh\ lh\ ‘lh’ ·ukSlsuk LdÙ|‚ êk.-i(|kjd`kÍ ds` f¥, 2 tuojh] 1987]ls ig¥s rƒk 1 tuojh] 1992 ds cknu gqvk gks\

(3) ok;qlsuk vd`kneh ds` f¥,%dsò¥ ,slsvfookfgr iq:" mEehnokj gh ik( gß]ftud`k tUe 2 tuojh] 1988 ls ig¥srƒk 1 tuojh] 1992 ds ckn u gqvkgks\

(4) vf|d`kjh ^fæ”. vd`kneh ds` f¥,%dsò¥ ,sls iq:" mEehnokj ·fookfgr;k vfookfgr‚ gh ik( gß] ftud`ktUe 2 tuojh] 1986 ls ig¥s rƒk1 tuojh] 1992 ds` ckn u gqvk gks\

(5) vf|d`kjh ^f'k{k. vd`kneh ·,l\,l\lh\-efg¥k xSj-rdùhd`h ikBΩ;dzè‚ds` f¥,%vfookfgr/r¥kd`'kqnk/fo|okefg¥k,a ftud`k tUe 2 tuojh] 1986ls ig¥s o 1 tuojh] 1992 ds` ckn ugqvk gks\

·[‚ æSf”d` ;ksX;rk,a #(1) Hkjrh; lSfud` vd`kneh rƒk vf|-

d`kjh ^fæ”. vd`kneh ds` f¥,%fd`lh ekU;rk ^kIr fo'ofo»k¥; d`hfMxzh ;k led`” ;ksX;rk\

(2) ukSlsuk vd`kneh ds` f¥,—HkSfrd`hvkSj xf.r fo";kÍ lfgr ch\ ,l-lh\fMxzh vƒok bathfu;jh ds` Lukrd`\

(3) ok;qlsuk vd`kneh ds` f¥,%HkSfrd`hvkSj xf.r fo";kÍ ds` lkƒ 10+2m®h.Z d`jus ds` i'pkrΩ Lukrd` fMxzhvƒok bathfu;jh ds` Lukrd`\

tks mEehnokj fMxzh ijh”k ds` vfUre o"ZeÍ iÈ< jgs gß rƒk mUgÍ fMxzh ds` vfUre o"Z d`h

mid`kj izd`kæu d`hmi;ksxh iqLrdÍ`

ENGLISH EDITIONS ARE ALSOAVAILABLE

mid`kj js¥os vflLVÍV ¥ksd`ks ik;¥V ijh{kk 195/-mid`kj js¥os izSfDVl lsV vflLVÍV ¥ksd`ks ik;¥V 65/-mid`kj js¥os lkWYoMΩ isilZ vflLVÍV ¥ksd`ks ik;¥V 90/-mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk lkWYoMΩ isilZ ·rdùhd`h V_sM‚ 220/-mid`kj izSfDVl odZ` cqd` js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk ·rdùhd`h V_sM‚ 120/-mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ·rdùhd`h ds`Mj‚ 280/- ·flfo¥/fo»qr/;kaf(d` bathfu;¯jx‚mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ lqijokbtj ·ih\os‚/b¥sfDV_d`¥ flxu¥ esUVsuj xzsM-II HrhZ ijh{kk 225/-mid`kj fnY¥h esV_ks js¥ ·LVsæu dÙV_ks¥j/V_su vkWijsVj‚ HrhZ ijh{kk 270/-

·fiN¥s o"ksÛ ds` g¥ iz'u-i( lfgr‚

mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk lkWYoMΩ isilZ 215/-mid`kj js¥os lkWYoMΩ isilZ ·fVd`V d`¥sDVj‚ 110/-mid`kj js¥os lkWYoMΩ isilZ ·lgk;d` LVsæu ekLVj‚ 130/-mid`kj js¥os lkWYoMΩ isilZ ·xqMΩl xkMZ‚ 135/-mid`kj js¥os euksoSKkfud` ijh{k. (IInd Stage) 75/-mid`kj izSfDVl odZ`-cqd` js¥os euksoSKkfud` ijh{k. 125/-mid`kj Hkjrh; js¥ # ,d` ifjp; 99/-mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk ·¥s[d` # [Uuk ,oa oekZ‚ 135/-mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk ·MkW\ ¥k¥ ,oa tSu‚ 225/-mid`kj js¥os xqMΩl xkMZ/lgk;d` LVsæu ekLVj ijh{kk 160/-mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ fVd`V d`¥sDVj/d`kWefæZ;¥ D¥dZ` ·lEiknd` e≥M¥ # lkekU; Kku niZ.‚ 145/-mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ V_Sfœ`d` vizsfUVl ijh{kk ·lEiknd` e≥M¥ # izfr;ksfxrk niZ.‚ 215/-mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ okf.fT;d` vizsfUVl ijh{kk 235/-

mid`kj izd`kæu2/11,] Lonsæh chek uxj] vkxjk-2

Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101 Website : www.upkar.in

js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk ds` f¥, foæs"r#

mi;ksxh v÷;;u lkexzh

ewY; # 35/-

rdùhd`h V_sM

xSj-rdùhd`h V_sM

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ijh”k vƒok led`” ijh”k vHh mÂkh.Zd`juh gS] og Hh bl ijh”k ds` f¥, vkosnud`j ld`rs gß] ¥sfdù mUgÍ vk;ksx ds` ijh”k dsùksfVl eÍ fu|kZfjr frfƒ;kÍ rd` ijh”k mÂkh.Zd`jus d`k êk. ^Lrqr d`juk gksxk\

bl ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k ds` lEcU| eÍvko';d` ækjhfjd` ekud`] ijh”k ikBΩ;∂è ovU; foLr~r tkud`kjh ds` f¥, 26 flrEcj%2vDVwcj 2009 d`k ,EI¥kW;eÍV U;wt/jkstxkjlekpkj ns[Í\ v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` iw.ZÔi ls Hjs gq,vkosnu-i( la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ds` ubZfnY¥h fLƒr d`k;kZ¥; eÍ 26 vDVwcj] 2009rd` Lohd`kj fd`, tk,axs\ nwjnjkt ds` pquÓnkfufnZÆV LƒkukÍ ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` Mkd` ls ^sf"rvkosnu-i( Lohd`kj fd`, tkus d`h vfUre frfƒ3 uoEcj] 2009 gS\

mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds f¥, ‘mid`kj ^d`kæu’}kjk ^d`kfær iqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u d`jÍ\ iqLrd`kÍds` vaxzsth o fgUnh nksukÍ laLd`j. cktkj eÍmi¥C| gß\

d`j lgk;d` ijh”k%2009

dsÙnzh; ^R;” d`j cksMZ (CBDT) rƒkdsÙnzh; mRikn æqYd` ,oa lhek æqYd` cksMZ(CBEC) eÍ d`j lgk;d`kÍ (Tax Assistants)d`h HrhZ ds` f¥, d`j lgk;d` ijh”k–2009(Tax Assistant Examination–2009) d`kvk;kstu dèZpkjh p;u vk;ksx }kjk fnukad`13 fnlEcj] 2009 d`ks fd`;k tk,xk\ dsÙnzh;mRikn æqYd` ,oa lhek æqYd` cksMZ ds` v|hufjfDr;kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k 626 gS] tcfd` ^R;”d`j cksMZ ds` v|hu ;g 2 7 8 gS\ mi¥C|fjfDr;kÍ eÍ ls dq`N fjfDr;k∑ fofHUu oxksÛ ds`f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf”r gß\ fjfDr;kÍ d`hla“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\

æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%(i) Lukrd` d`h mikf|\

(ii) dÈI;wVj ij okaNuh; MkVk ,aV_hLihM ds` f¥, foLr~r foKkiu ns[Í\

vk;q lhek ·30 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚%20–27 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍfu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\

bl HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkusok¥h 300 vad`kÍ d`h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”keÍ oLrqfuÆB fd`Le ds` nks ^'u-i( ∂èæ# 200o 100 vad`kÍ ds` gkÍxs\ 200 vad`kÍ ds` ig¥s^'u-i( ds` [≥M ‘v’ eÍ 100 vad`kÍ d`hlkekU; vaxzsth d`h o [≥M ‘c’ eÍ 100 vad`kÍd`h lkekU; tkxÔd`rk d`h ijh”k gksxh\ 100vad`kÍ d`k nwljk ^'u-i( vad`xf.r d`k gksxk\

bl ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k ds` lEcU| eÍvkosnu-i( ds ^kÔi o vU; foLr~r fooj. dsf¥, 26 flrEcj%2 vDVwcj] 2009 d`k jkstxkjlekpkj ns[Í\ v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` iw.ZÔi ls Hjs gq,vkosnu-i( vk;ksx ds` lEcfU|r d`k;kZ¥; eÍ30 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` Lohd`kj fd`, tk,axs\

mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu}kjk izd`kfær ,l\,l\lh\ d`j lgk;d` ijh{kk

iqLrd` d`k v÷;;u ¥kHd`kjh gksxk\ iqLrd` d`kvaxzsth laLd`j. Hh mi¥C| gS\

e÷; ^nsæ o jktLƒku Mkdìfje≥M¥kÍ eÍ Mkd` lgk;d`

laoxZ d`h fu;qfDr;k∑

e÷; ^nsæ o jktLƒku Mkd` ifje≥M¥kÍeÍ Mkd` lgk;d` laoxZ (Postal Assistants/Sorting Assistants) ds` cÈMh la“;k eÍ fjDrinkÍ ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX; mEehnokjkÍ lsfu|kZfjr izkÔi ij vkosnu-i( vkeaf(r fd`,x, gß\ v¥x-v¥x d`h tkus ok¥h bu HfrZ;kÍds` rgrΩ 481 fjDr in e÷; iznsæ ifje≥M¥ds` laHkxkÍ eÍ rƒk ¥xHx 200 fjDr injktLƒku ifje≥M¥ ds` laHkxkÍ ds` rgrΩ gß\fofHUu oxksÛ ds` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkjvkj”. d`k izko|ku bu HfrZ;kÍ ds rgrΩ mi¥C|gS\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\

æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%10+2 m®h.Z\ eSfV_d`Lrj rd` fgUnh d`k v÷;;u Hh vo'; fd`;kgks\ js¥os es¥ lfoZl o vkehZ iksLV¥ lfoZl ds`f¥, 10+2 ijh”k vaxzsth vfuok;Z fo"; ds`lkƒ m®h.Z gksuk pkfg,\ Vad`. d`k Kku odÈI;wVj Kku okaNuh; ;ksX;rk gS\

vk;q lhek ·vkosnu d`h vfUre frfƒd`ks‚% 18–25 o"Z\

fofHUu oxksÛ ds` f¥, vk;q lhek eÍfu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\

bl HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus ok¥hf¥f[r vfH:fp ijh”k (Aptitude Test) eÍvaxzsth] xf.r] lkekU; Kku] rdZ`”erk ,oafo'¥s". ”erk vkfn d`h 50 vad`kÍ d`h oLrqfuÆBfd`Le d`h ijh”k ,d` ?≥Vs d`h vof| d`h gksxh\10+2 ijh”k eÍ izkIrkad`kÍ ds` vk|kj ijmEehnokjkÍ d`ks bl ,IVhVΩ;wM VsLV ds` f¥,vYi lwphc* fd`;k tk,xk\ blds` vfrfjDr30 feuV d`h Vad`./dÈI;wVj lEcU|h ijh”kHh vk;ksftr d`h tk,xh\ bl HrhZ ds lEcU| eÍvkosnu-i( ds izkÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjhgsrq 26 flrEcj%2 vDVwcj] 2009 d`k jkstxkjlekpkj ns[Í\ v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` iw.ZÔi ls Hjs gq,vkosnu-i( Lohd`kj fd`, tkus d`h vfUrefrfƒ jktLƒku Mkd` ifje≥M¥ ds` eke¥s eÍ15 vDVwcj] 2009 rƒk e÷; ^nsæ Mkdìfje≥M¥ ds` eke¥s eÍ 26 vDVwcj] 2009 gS\

mi;qZDr ijh”k ds` f¥, mid`kj ^d`kæu}kjk ^d`kfær Mkd` foHkx Mkd` lgk;d`/N∑VkbZlgk;d` ijh”k d`k v÷;;u ¥kHd`kjh gksxk\iqLrd` d`k vaxzsth laLd`j. Hh mi¥C| gS\

Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍlgk;d` lc-baLisDVj

·LVsuksxzkœ`j‚ ds` fjDr in

dsÙnzh; x~g ea(k¥; ds` v|hu Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l (ITBP) eÍ lgk;d` lc-baLisDVj ·LVsuksxzkœ`j‚ ds` in ij fu;qfDr gsrqlq;ksX; iq:" mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij

vkosnu-i( 20 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkeaf(rfd`, x, gß\ bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| fjDrinkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k 25 gS\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds`mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍd`h la“;k ?V cÈ< ld`rh gS\

æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%b≥VjehfM,V (10+2);k led`” rƒk Vkb¯ix o ækWVZgS≥M d`hfu|kZfjr ;ksX;rk\

vk;q lhek%·20 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚18–25 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍfu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\

ækjhfjd` uki-rkS¥ o n”rk ijh”k eÍ vgZik, x, v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkusok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k eÍ 100-100vad`kÍ ds` oLrqfuÆB fd`Le ds` nks ^'u-i(∂èæ# (1) vaxzsth o fgUnh Hk"k] (2) lkekU;Kku ·rdZ`æfDr o vad`xf.r lfgr‚ ds` gkÍxs\f¥f[r ijh”k eÍ lœ`¥ mEehnokjkÍ d`ks Vkb¯ixo ækWVZgS≥M ds` fLd`¥ VsLV eÍ ækfe¥ fd`;ktk,xk\

bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds`^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq 19 flrEcj]2009 d`k n fgUnw ·ubZ fnY¥h‚ jkstxkj lekpkjns[Í\

mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu}kjk izd`kfær iqLrd` Hkjr-frCcr lhekiqf¥l c¥ gSM d`k∑LVsfc¥ ,oa vflLVÍV lc-baLisDVj d`k v÷;;u ¥kHd`kjh gksxk\

Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍ lc-baLisDVj ·vksojlhj‚ ds`

fjDr in

dsÙnzh; x~g ea(k¥; ds` v|hu Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l (ITBP) eÍ lc-baLisDVj(Overseer) ds` in ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX;iq:" mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ijvkosnu-i( 20 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkeaf(rfd`, x, gß\ bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| fjDrinkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k 61 gS\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds`mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍd`h la“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\

æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%eSfV_d` ;k led`” rƒkflfo¥ bathfu;¯jx eÍ fMI¥ksek\

vk;q lhek%·20 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚20–25 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍfu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\

ækjhfjd` uki-rkS¥ o n”rk ijh”k eÍ vgZik, x, v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkusok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k 100 vad`kÍ d`hgksxh\ bl ijh”k eÍ 80 vad`kÍ ds` O;kolkf;d`Kku ds` o 20 vad`kÍ ds` lkekU; tkxÔd`rk ds`^'u gkÍxs\

bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds`^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq 19–25flrEcj] 2009 d`k jkstxkj lekpkj ns[Í\


dsÙnzh; fo»k¥;kÍ eÍ fæ”d`kÍ rƒk f¥fid`kÍd`h HrhZ

dsÙnzh; fo»k¥; laxBu ds` rgrΩ nsæHj eÍ fLƒr dsÙnzh;fo»k¥;kÍ ls l( 2010-11 eÍ fofHUu fo";kÍ eÍ ihthVh] VhthVh] ^kbejhVhpjkÍ o vU; fofo| VhpjkÍ d`h fu;qfDr gsrq iSu¥ rS;kj d`jus ds` f¥,bPNqd` ,oa ik( v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij 12 vDVwcj] 2009rd` vkosnu-i( vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\ bl HrhZ eÍ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` f¥,fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k ^ko|ku mi¥C| gS\ ik(rk gsrq U;wureæS”f.d` ;ksX;rk ds` f¥, foLr~r foKkiu ns[Í\

vk;q lhek%12 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ihthVh ds` f¥, vf|d`re40 o"Z] VhthVh ds` f¥, vf|d`re 35 o"Z] ^kbejh Vhpj ds` f¥,vf|d`re 30 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwVmi¥C| gS\

fofHUu Jsf.;kÍ ds` fæ”d`kÍ d`h HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkusok¥h f¥f[r ijh”k eÍ rhu ^'u-i( gkÍxs\ oLrqfuÆB fd`Le d`k ig¥k^'u-i( v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`h L∂`h¯ux ds` f¥, gksxk\ 120 vad`kÍ ds` nks ?≥VkÍd`h vof| ds` bl ^'u-i( ds` ig¥s Hkx eÍ lkekU; Kku] vaxzsth Hk"kn”rk] rdZ`æfDr] la“;kRed` vfH:fp] lelkef;d` eke¥s] fæ”k]lkekU; foKku o Hkjrh; lafo|ku vkfn ds` ^'u gkÍxs] tcfd` nwljsHkx eÍ mEehnokj ds` fo"; lEcU|h ^'u gkÍxs\ 1 ?≥Vs d`k 40 vad`kÍ d`knwljk o.ZukRed` fd`Le d`k ^'u-i( vaxzsth o fgUnh Hk"k d`k gksxk\nwljh ik¥h eÍ 120 vad`kÍ d`k o.ZukRed` ^'u-i( mEehnokj ds` fo";Kku d`h ijh”k ds` f¥, gksxk\ ihthVh ds` f¥, ;g ijh”k 26 fnlEcj]2009 d`ks] VhthVh ds` f¥, 27 fnlEcj] 2009 d`ks o ^kbejh Vhpj ds`f¥, 28 fnlEcj] 2009 d`ks lEiUu gksxh\ fofHUu Jsf.;kÍ ds` fæ”d`kÍ d`hbu HfrZ;kÍ ds` vfrfjDr UDC ds` 40 o LDC ds` 73 inkÍ ds` f¥, Hhvkosnu-i( vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\ bu inkÍ ds` f¥, vko';d`æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk] vk;q lhek o ijh”k ;kstuk vkfn ds` f¥, foLr~rfoKkiu ns[Í\ bu HfrZ;kÍ ds lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` ^kÔi] U;wureæSf”d` ;ksX;rk o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh ds` f¥, 12–18 flrEcj]2009 d`k jkstxkj lekpkj ns[Í\

mi;qZDr ijh”k ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu }kjk izd`kfær fuEuf¥f[riqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u ¥kHd`kjh fl* gksxk%

● mid`kj dsÙnzh; fo»k¥; laxBu Lukrd`ks®j f'k{kd` HrhZijh{kk``·izƒe iz'u-i(%Hkx-I‚ 255/-

● mid`kj dsÙnzh; fo»k¥; laxBu izf'kf{kr Lukrd` f'k{kd`HrhZ`ìjh{kk ·izƒe iz'u-i(%Hkx-I‚ 235/-

● mid`kj dsÙnzh; fo»k¥; laxBu izkƒfed` f'k{kd` HrhZijh{kk``·izƒe iz'u-i(%Hkx-I‚ 145/-

● Upkar Language Proficiency Test (English-Hindi)Paper-II 150/-

uksV—iqLrd`kÍ ds` vaxzsth laLd`j. Hh mi¥C| gß\

baVs¥htÍl C;wjks eÍ lgk;d` lÍV_¥ baVs¥htÍlvkWœ`hlj xzsM-II/VsDuhd`¥ d`h HrhZ gsrq

^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k] 2009

x~g ea(k¥; ds` v|hu baVs¥htÍl C;wjks (IB) eÍ lgk;d` lÍV_¥baVs¥htÍl vkWœ`hlj xzsM-II/VsDuhd`¥ ds` dq`¥ fe¥kd`j 52 fjDr inkÍd`h Hrh Z g sr q lq;ksX; mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij vkosnu-i(jkstxkj lekpkj eÍ foKkiu ^d`kfær gksus ds` ,d` ekg rd` vkeaf(rfd`, x, gß\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k ?V-cÈ<ld`rh gS\

æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%HkSfrd`h ;k xf.r ;k dÈI;wVj foKku fo"; ds`lkƒ Lukrd` ;k led`” vƒok fufnZÆV fo";kÍ eÍ ls fd`lh ,d` eÍ


f(o"hZ; bathfu;¯jx fMI¥ksek vƒok foKkiu eÍfufnZÆV 8 o"hZ; vuqHo ds lkƒ gk;j lsds`≥Mjh\

vk;q lhek ·vkosnu d`h vfUre frfƒd`ks‚%18–27 o"Z\

fofHUu oxksÛ ds` f¥, vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ek-uqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\

bl HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkusok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k ds` f¥, vYilwphc* v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks gh vkeaf(r fd`;ktk,xk\ HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds`^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq 19–25flrEcj] 2009 d`k jkstxkj lekpkj ns[Í\

fnY¥h esV_ks js¥ d`kWiksZjsæu eÍd`LVej fj¥sæal vflLVÍV ds`

318 o eÍVsuj ds` 961 fjDr in

fnY¥h esV_ks js¥ d`kWiksZjsæu f¥\ eÍ d`LVejfj¥sæal vflLVÍV ds` 318 o eÍVsuj ds` dq`¥fe¥kd`j 961 fjDr inkÍ ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX;mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij vkosnu-i(19 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\eÍVsuj d`h mi¥C| fjfDr;k∑ b¥sfDV_fæ;u]fœ`Vj] b¥sDV_kWfud` esds`fud` o jsf≠`tjsæuesds`fud` o ,lh esds`fud` vkfn V_sMlΩ eÍ gß\fofHUu oxksÛ ds` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkjvkj”. d`k ^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds rgrΩ mi¥C|gS\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\

æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%(i) d`LVej fj¥sæalvflLVÍV in (CRA) gsrq%dè-ls-dè 50^frær vad`kÍ ds` lkƒ f(o"hZ; Lukrd` mikf|rƒk lkƒ gh dÈI;wVj d`k fufnZÆV Lrj d`kKku\

(ii) eÍVsuj in gsrq%lEcfU|r V_sM eÍvkbZVhvkbZ êk.-i(\

vk;q lhek (1 tq¥kbZ] 2009 d`ks‚%d`LVejfj¥sæal vflLVÍV gsrq 18–28 o"Z rƒk eÍVsujin gsrq 18–25 o"Z\

fofHUu oxksÛ ds` f¥, vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ek-uqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\

d`LVej fj¥sæal vflLVÍV in gsrqvk;ksftr d`h tkus ok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrkijh”k eÍ nks ^'u-i( gkÍxs\ bueÍ ig¥s oLrqfuÆBfd`Le ds` ^'u-i( eÍ lkekU; tkxÔd`rkvaxzsth] ¥kWftd`¥ ,fcf¥Vh] la“;kRed` vfH-:fp ,oa/vƒok lEcfU|r V_sM ls lEcfU|r^'u gkÍxs] tcfd` nwljk o.ZukRed` ^'u-i(iSjkxzkœ` jkb¯Vx] lkj ¥s[u] fucU| rƒkfoKku ,oa ^kS»ksfxd`h ij ^'ukÍ d`k gksxk\eÍVsuj in gsrq HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`htkus ok¥h oLrqfuÆB fd`Le d`h ^fr;ksfxrkijh”k eÍ lkekU; tkxÔd`rk] rdZ æfDr]la“;kRed` vfH:fp] vaxzsth Hk"k o lEcfU|rvkbZVhvkbZ V_sM ij ^'u gkÍxs\

bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds`^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq 19–25flrEcj] 2009 d`k jkstxkj lekpkj ns[Ívƒok www.delhimetrorail.com ij ¥kWxvkWu d`jÍ\

¥ksd` lHk o jkT; lHk eÍ fjlpZvflLVÍV/twfu;j ikf¥Z;keÍVjhfjiksVZj/V_kal¥sVj/LVsuksxzkœ`j/flD;ksfjVh vflLVÍV/twfu;j

D¥dZ` ds` fjDr in

laln ds` nksukÍ lnukÍ eÍ fofHUu fjDrinkÍ ·fjlpZ vflLVÍV ds` 7 fjDr in jkT;lHk eÍ] twfu;j ikf¥Z;keÍVjh fjiksVZj ds` 7fjDr in jkT; lHk eÍ LVsuksxzkœ`j ds` 32fjDr in ¥ksd` lHk eÍ o 2 jkT; lHk eÍ]V_k∑l¥sVj ds` 7 fjDr in jkT; lHk eÍ]flD;ksfjVh vflLVÍV xzsM–II ds` 37 fjDr in¥ksd` lHk eÍ o 19 fjDr in jkT; lHk eÍ]flD;ksfjVh vflLVÍV xzsM–II ·rdùhd`h‚ ds` 37fjDr in ¥ksd` lHk eÍ rƒk twfu;j D¥dZ` ds`29 fjDr in ¥ksd` lHk eÍ o 13 jkT; lHkeÍ‚ ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX; mEehnokjkÍ lsfu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij vkosnu-i( laln ds`tkWbaV fj∂w`VeÍV lS¥ }kjk 26 vDVwcj] 2009rd` vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds`mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍd`h la“;k ?V cÈ< ld`rh gS\

bu inkÍ ds` f¥, vko';d` æS”f.d` o vU;;ksX;rkvkÍ gsrq foLr~r foKkiu ¥ksd` lHk d`hosclkbV www.loksabha.nic.in ij vƒokjkstxkj lekpkj eÍ ns[Í\ v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`hvf|d`re vk;q (26 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚ 27o"Z gS ·fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍfu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS‚\

bl HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus ok¥hf¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k eÍ lkekU; Kku]vaxzsth-Hk"k] fucU| vkfn d`h ijh”k,a ækfe¥gß ·v¥x-v¥x inkÍ ds` f¥, ^'u-i(kÍ vkfnd`h tkud`kjh osclkbV ls foLr~r foKkiu ls¥Í‚\ bu HfrZ;kÍ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds`^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq ¥ksd` lHkd`h osclkbV ns[Í\

lhek lqj”k c¥ eÍ gSM d`k∑LVsfc¥·jsfM;ks vkWijsVj/fœ`Vj‚ rƒklgk;d` mifujh”d`kÍ ·jsfM;ks

esds`fud`‚ d`h HrhZ

lhek lqj{kk c¥ (BSF) dÈ;wfuds`æu lSVvi eÍ gSM d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·jsfM;ks vkWijsVj‚ ds`244, gSM d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·fœ`Vj‚ ds 6 rƒk lgk;d`mifujh{kd` ·jsfM;ks esds`fud`‚ ds` dq`¥ 42 inkÍij HrhZ ds` f¥, ik( iq:" v˙;fFkZ;kÍ lsfu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij 10 uoEcj] 2009 rd`vkosnu-i( vkefU(r fd`, x, gß\ bueÍ lsdq`N fjfDr;k∑ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` v˙;fFkZ;kÍ ds`f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf{kr gß\ v˙;fFkZ;kÍ d`kp;u 'kkjhfjd` n{krk ijh{kk] f¥f[r ijh{kk]lk{kkRd`kj o fpfd`Rld`h; ijh{kk vkfn ds`vk|kj ij fd`;k tk,xk\ 100 vad`kÍ d`h f¥f[rijh{kk eÍ HkSfrd`h] jlk;u] xf.r] vaxzsth Hk"k

o lkekU; tkxÔd`rk d`h ijh{kk gksxh\ gSMd`k∑LVsfc¥ ·jsfM;ks vkWijsVj‚ ds` in gsrq ;gijh”k 90 vad`kÍ d`h gksxh rƒk lkƒ gh 10 vad`kÍd`h fMDVsæu ·vaxzsth‚ Hh v¥x ls gksxh\

'kSf{kd` ;ksX;rk%eSfV_d` vFkok led`{kijh{kk\ m®h.Z rFkk foKkiu eÍ fufnZÆV V_sMkÍ eÍls fd`lh ,d` eÍ f(o"hZ; fMI¥ksek\ vFkok HkSfrd`foKku] jlk;u foKku ,oa xf.r fo";kÍ ds`lkFk b≥VjehfM,V ;k led`{k ijh{kk m®h.Z·uksV%rhukÍ inkÍ ds` f¥, v¥x-v¥x æS”f.d`;ksX;rk gsrq foLr~r foKkiu ns[Í‚\

vk;q lhek ·10 uoEcj] 2009 d`ks‚%gSMd`k∑LVsfc¥ ·jsfM;ks vkWijsVj/fœ`Vj‚ gsrq 18–23o"Z rƒk lgk;d` mifujh”d` ·jsfM;ks esds`fud`‚ds` in gsrq 18–25 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;qlhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\

bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vko';d` 'kkjhfjdèki-rkS¥] vkosnu-i( ds` kÔi o vU; foLr~rtkud`kjh ds` f¥, ‘jkstxkj lekpkj’ ns[Í\

mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj ^d`k'ku}kjk ^d`kf'kr lhek lqj{kk c¥ gSM d`k∑LVsfc¥·jsfM;ks vkWijsVj‚ rƒk lgk;d` mifujh{kd`·jsfM;ks esds`fud`‚ Hrh Z ijh{kk iqLrd`kÍ d`kv÷;;u ¥kHd`kjh fl* gksxk\

Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍbaLisDVj ·fgUnh V_kal¥sVj‚ ds`

fjDr in

dsÙnzh; x~g ea(k¥; ds` v|hu Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l (ITBP) eÍ baLisDVj ·fgUnhV_kal¥sVj‚ ds` in ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX;mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij vkosnu-i(27 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| fjDr inkÍ d`h dq`¥la“;k 30 gS\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` mEehnokjkÍ ds`f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k ^ko|ku bl HrhZds` rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\

æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%fgUnh vƒok vaxzsth eÍLukrd`ks®j mikf| ·vaxzsth eÍ Lukrd`ks®jmEehnokjkÍ d`ks Lukrd` ijh”k fgUnh ds` lkƒm®h.Z gksuk pkfg,\ vU; fo";kÍ eÍ mikf| |kjd`Hh vU; okafNr vgZrk,a iwjh gksus ij vkosnuds` ik( gß\ buds` f¥, foLr~r foKkiu ns[Í‚\

vk;q lhek%·27 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚vf|d`re 30 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhekeÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\

ækjhfjd` uki-rkS¥ o n”rk ijh”k eÍ vgZik, x, v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkusok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k 200 vad`kÍ d`hgksxh\ bl ijh”k eÍ 100 vad`kÍ d`k ig¥k ^'u-i( lkekU; Kku] vaxz sth o fgUnh d`koLrqfuÆB fd`Le d`k gksxk] tcfd` 100 vad`kÍd`k nwljk ^'u-i( V_kal¥sæu ·vaxzsth ls fgUnheÍ o fgUnh ls vaxzsth eÍ‚ d`k gksxk\

bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds`^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq jkstxkjlekpkj ns[Í\


Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍ d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·ik;fu;jb¥sDV_hfæ;u/I¥Ecj/d`kjiÍVj/eslu/osYMj‚ od`kjiÍVj ·,uhe¥ V_kaliksVZ‚ ds` fjDr in

dsÙnzh; x~g ea(k¥; ds` v|hu Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l (ITBP)eÍ d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·ik;fu;j b¥sDV_hfæ;u/I¥Ecj/d`kjiÍVj/ eslu/osYMj‚ od`kjiÍVj ·,uhe¥ V_kaliksVZ‚ ds` inkÍ ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX; iq:"mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij vkosnu-i( 20 vDVwcj] 2009 rd`vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\ bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| fjDr inkÍ d`h dq`¥la“;k d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·ik;fu;j‚ ds` eke¥s eÍ 201 ·b¥sDV_hfæ;u 62, I¥Ecj74, eslu 40, d`kjiÍVj 24 o osYMj 1) rƒk d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·,uhe¥V_kaliksVZ‚ ds` eke¥s eÍ 127 gS\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥,fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k ^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍd`h la“;k ?V cÈ< ld`rh gS\

æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%eSfV_d` ;k led`” d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·ik;fu;j‚ dsèke¥s eÍ lEcfU|r V_sM eÍ dè-ls-dè ,d` o"Z d`k vuqHo\

vk;q lhek%·20 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚ d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·ik;fu;j‚ gsrq18–23 o"Z rƒk d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·,uhe¥ V_kaliksVZ‚ gsrq 18–25 o"Z\ fofHUueke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\

ækjhfjd` uki-rkS¥ o n”rk ijh”k eÍ vgZ ik, x, v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds`f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus ok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k 50 vad`kÍ d`h·d`k∑LVsfc¥ ,uhe¥ V_kaliksVZ ds` eke¥s eÍ 35 vad`kÍ d`h‚ gksxh\

bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` ^kÔi o vU; foLr~rtkud`kjh gsrq jkstxkj lekpkj ns[Í\

Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍ d`k∑LVsfc¥kÍ·tuj¥ MΩ;wVh‚ d`h HrhZ

Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍ d`k∑LVsfc¥kÍ ·tuj¥ MΩ;wVh‚ ds` dq`¥2450 inkÍ ij HrhZ ds` f¥, fofHUu jkT;kÍ ds` ik( v˙;fƒZ;kÍ lsfu|kZfjr izkÔi ij 27 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkosnu-i( vkefU(r fd`,x, gß\ mi¥C| fjfDr;kÍ eÍ ls 249 fjfDr;k∑ m®j iznsæ ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍds` f¥,] 95 >kj[≥M ds`] 93 e÷; iznsæ ds`] 296 m®jk[≥M ds`] 48N®hlxÈ< ds`] 198 fcgkj ds`] 81 jktLƒku ds`] 30 gfj;k.k ds` rƒk 20fjfDr;k∑ fnY¥h ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, gß\ bueÍ ls dq`N fjfDr;k∑ fofHUuoxksÛ ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf{kr gß\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\

æS{kf.d` ;ksX;rk%eSfV_d` ;k led`{k\vk;q lhek%1 vxLr] 2009 d`ks 18–23 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ

vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\bu inkÍ ij v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`h HrhZ ˜∑pkbZ d`h tk∑p] nkSÈM] ækjhfjd`

eki rkS¥] ækjhfjd` n{krk ijh{kk] f¥f[r ijh{kk rƒk fpfd`Rlk ijh{kkds` vk|kj ij gksxh\ ækjhfjd` d`k;Zn{krk ijh{kk m®h.Z d`jus ok¥sv˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks gh f¥f[r ijh{kk eÍ cSBus d`h vuqefr iznku d`h tk,xh\100 vad`kÍ d`h vkWCtsfDVo Vkbi f¥f[r ijh{kk eÍ tuj¥ vos;juSl/tuj¥ ukW¥st] ukW¥st vkWœ` ,¥hesUVjh eSƒseSfVDl] iSVUlZ d`ks ns[us ov¥x d`jus d`h ;ksX;rk d`ks rƒk fgUnh/vaxzsth ds` ew¥ Kku d`h ijh{kkækfe¥ gS\

bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` izkÔi o vU; foLr~rtkud`kjh gsrq jkstxkj lekpkj vƒok 21 flrEcj] 2009 d`k bf≥M;u,Dl^sl ·ubZ fnY¥h‚ ns[Í\

mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu }kjk izd`kfær fuEuf¥f[riqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u d`jÍ%* mid`kj Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l œ`kslZ iqf¥l d`k∑LVsfc¥

HrhZ ijh{kk ·¥s[d`}; # tSu ,oa æekZ‚ 75/-* mid`kj Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l œ`kslZ iqf¥l d`k∑LVsfc¥

HrhZ ijh{kk ·lEiknd` e≥M¥ lkekU; Kku niZ.‚ 99/-

mid`kj izSfDVl odZ`-cqd` tuj¥ isij-I 65/-mid`kj tuj¥ isij-I ·MkW\ ¥k¥] tSu ,oa MkW\ ds`\ lh\ ofæÆB‚ 235/-mid`kj tuj¥ isij-I ·MkW\ fefƒ¥sæ ik≥Ms;‚ 215/-mid`kj bfrgkl ·isij-II‚ ·væksd` dqèkj ik≥Ms;‚ 130/-mid`kj bfrgkl ·isij-II & III‚ ·lqjsæ dqèkj ik≥Ms;‚ 275/-mid`kj bfrgkl ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ ,\ ds`\ prqosZnh‚ 175/-mid`kj bfrgkl ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ ,\ ds`\ prqosZnh‚ 285/-mid`kj bfrgkl ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ eukst ifjgkj‚ 215/-mid`kj okf.T; ·isij-II‚ ·euq^d`kæ JhokLro ,oa ,e\lh\ xqIrk‚ 270/-mid`kj okf.T; ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ ,¥\ ,u\ d`ks¥h‚ 565/-mid`kj Hwxks¥ ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ ,e\ ,l\ fllksfn;k‚ 225/-mid`kj Hwxks¥ ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ ,e\ ,l\ fllksfn;k‚ 245/-mid`kj izSfDVl odZ` cqd` Hwxks¥ ·isij-III‚ ·lat; xqIrk‚ 70/-mid`kj vFkZækL( ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ vuqie vxzok¥‚ 350/-mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-II & III‚ ·MkW\ dqèkj x.sæ‚ 250/-mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-II‚ ·vkÍd`kj ukƒ oekZ‚ 170/-mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ fn¥hi ik≥Ms;‚ 125/-mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ fn¥hi ik≥Ms;‚ 125/-mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-II & III‚ ·MkW\ fn¥hi ik≥Ms;‚ 240/-mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-II & III‚ ·MkW\ txnhæ æj.‚ 210/-mid`kj jktuhfr foKku ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ væksd` dqèkj‚ 370/-mid`kj jktuhfr foKku ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ væksd` dqèkj‚ 315/-mid`kj jktuhfr foKku ·isij-II‚ ·lqjsUê d`kSfæd`‚ 90/-mid`kj laLd~`r ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ fefƒ¥sæ ik≥Ms;‚ 175/-mid`kj laLd~`r ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ fefƒ¥sæ ik≥Ms;‚ 210/-mid`kj laLd~`r ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ |esZUê dqèkj f}osnh‚ 95/-mid`kj laLd~`r ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ |esZUê dqèkj f}osnh‚ 290/-mid`kj laxhr ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ xqatu lDlsuk‚ 60/-mid`kj laxhr ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ fuæk jkor‚ 55/-mid`kj laxhr ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ fuæk jkor‚ 110/-mid`kj euksfoKku ·isij-II‚ ·Jherh lksuh tSu‚ 130/-mid`kj euksfoKku ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ Mh\ lh\ izlkn‚ 98/-mid`kj fof| ·isij-II‚ ·eukst dqèkj flag‚ 105/-mid`kj x~gfoKku ·isij-II‚ ·xk;(h flUgk‚ 190/-mid`kj x~gfoKku ·isij-III‚ ·xk;(h flUgk‚ 325/-mid`kj lektækL( ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ th\ ,¥\ æekZ‚ 120/-mid`kj lektækL( ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ th\ ,¥\ æekZ‚ 175/-mid`kj lektækL( ·isij-II & III‚ ·MkW\ th\ ,¥\ æekZ‚ 290/-mid`kj lektækL( ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ fou; dqèkj flUgk‚ 215/-

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mid`kj izd`kæu d`h mi;ksxh iqLrdÍ`

RajasthanState Eligibility Test (SET)

● E-mail : [email protected]● Website : www.upkar.inmid`kj ^d`kæu] vkxjk–2

ijh{kk frfFk # 21 uoEcj] 2009


;wfu;u cßd` eÍ f¥fid`h;fu;qfDr;k∑

lkoZtfud` {ks( ds` ;wfu;u cßd` vkWœ`bf≥M;k eÍ f¥fid` lg-jksd`fÈM;kÍ ds` dq`¥ 1040fjDr inkÍ ij HrhZ ds` f¥, ik( mEehnokjkÍ lsvkosnu-i( vkWu¥kbu vkefU(r fd`, x, gß\fod`¥kaxrk ok¥s v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, vkjf”rcSd`¥kWx fjfDr;k∑ Hh bueÍ ækfe¥ gß\

æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%·d`‚ Lukrd` vƒokled`{k ·[‚ vƒok dè-ls-dè 60 ^frærvad`kÍ ds` lkƒ 10 + 2 ijh”k m®h.Z ·fofHUueke¥kÍ eÍ æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk eÍ NwV‚\ dÈI;wVjd`k fu|kZfjr Kku Hh vko';d` gS\

vk;q lhek%lkekU; Js.h ds v˙;fƒZ;kÍ dsf¥, vk;q lhek 30 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks 18–28o"Z gS\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍfu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\

bl HrhZ gsrq vkosnu ds` f¥, v˙;fƒZ;kÍd`ks 31 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkWu¥kbu vkosnud`juk gksxk\ HrhZ ds` f¥, ¥h tkus ok¥h ijh{kkeÍ oLrqfuÆB fd`Le ds` nks iz'u-i( gkÍxs\ ig¥s^'u-i( eÍ rdZ`æfDr] la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk]lkekU; tkxÔd`rk o vaxzsth Hk"k d`h 200vad`kÍ d`h ijh{kk gksxh\ 50 vad`kÍ d`k nwljk^'u-i( dÈI;wVj Kku d`h ijh”k d`k gksxk\ijh{kk d`h lEHkfor frfƒ 10 tuojh] 2010gS\

bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( dsìzkÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh ds` f¥, jkstxkjlekpkj rƒk cßd` d`h osclkbV ns[Í\

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vks,uthlh eÍ vflLVÍVVsDuhfæ;al d`h HrhZ

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(ck;ksfud` eSu‚ cukus d`k mY¥s[ fe¥rkgS] ftls ‘Î`R;k’ d`gk tkrk gS\ Hxokufæo us vius ,d` ck¥ ls ohjHnz ukedÒ;fDr d`k fuekZ. fd`;k ƒk] ftleÍ vikjc¥ ƒk vkSj mlh us n” ^tkifr ds` ;Kd`ks fo÷oal fd`;k ƒk\ vHh gk¥ gh eÍfczfVæ oSKkfud`kÍ us lok d`jksÈM :i, eÍ‘ck;ksfud` eSu’ rS;kj d`jus d`h ;kstuk d`kmY¥s[ fd`;k gS\

ck;ks¥kWth vkSj b¥sDV_kWfuDl d`kleUo; gS ‘ck;ksfuDl’\ bleÍ thokÍ vkSjÎ`f(e lajpukvkÍ ds` chp rdùhd` d`k

æs" i~ÆB 685 ij


⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ vuqizsjd` ;qok izfrHk ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

¥xkrkj fu;fer v÷;;u] fo";kÍ d`k oSKkfud` o fo'¥s".kRed`v÷;;u ,oa le; izcU|u] ;g lc esjh lœ`¥rk ds` ew¥ rRo gß\

—Jherh pap¥ oekZ

VkWij] vkj\ ,\ ,l\ ijh{kk 2007 eÍ f}rh; Lƒku ij p;fur

jktLƒku jkT; lsok ijh{kk eÍ f}rh; tSls mPpre Lƒku ij p;fur gksd`j Jherh pap¥ oekZ us fuLlUnsg ,d` xkSjoiw.Zmi¥fC| vftZr d`h gS] ftlds` f¥, og lHh izæalk ,oa gekjh gkfnZd` c|kbZ d`h ik( gß\ izfr;ksfxrk niZ. ds` lkƒ mud`hegRoiw.Z HÍVokrkZ ;gk∑ ew¥ Ôi eÍ izLrqr gS\

^\ n\%flfo¥ lsok ijh”k eÍ ækunkjlœ`¥rk ij izfr;ksfxrk niZ. ifjokj d`hvksj ls gkfnZd` c|kbZ\

Jherh pap¥%th] |U;okn\

^\ n\%D;k vkius fiN¥s o"ksÛ d`hijh”k ds` VkWilZ ds` lk”kRd`kj iÈ<s= buVkWilZ eÍ ls fd`lh ls vki izHkfor gqbÛ=vius ifj.ke d`ks tkuus ls ig¥s vkiVkWilZ ds` ckjs eÍ D;k lksprh ƒÓ=

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^\ n\%D;k vki bl iz;kl eÍ viuhrS;kjh ,oa ijh”k eÍ fuÆiknu ls lUrqÆV ƒÓvkSj lœ`¥rk ds` izfr vkækoku ƒÓ=lœ`¥rk ds` bl lekpkj ij vkid`h D;kizfrf∂`;k jgh=

Jherh pap¥%th gk∑] eß bl iz;kleÍ viuh rS;kjh vkSj fuÆiknu ls iw.Zr;klUrqÆV ƒh\ bl lœ`¥rk ij vR;f|dìzlUurk gqbZ\

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Jherh pap¥%bl lœ`¥rk d`k Js;loZizƒe eß vius ifr Jh dè¥sæ oekZ d`ksnsuk pkgw∑xh rƒk mlds` mijkUr viusifjokj d`ks] ftUgkÍus v÷;;u ds` nkSjkueq>s iw.Z lg;ksx fn;k\

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Jherh pap¥%rS;kjh ds` nkSjku eß,d` v÷;kfid`k ds` Ôi eÍ p;fur gksd`jv÷;kiu Hh d`j jgh ƒh\

^\ n\%fd`l rjg vkSj d`c vkid`ksflfo¥ lsokvkÍ d`h xfjek ,oa egRo d`kvuqHo gqvk=

…… izfr;ksfxrk niZ. izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ d`hlHh vko';d`rkvkÍ d`h n~fÆV ls vR;UregRoiw.Z rƒk lœ`¥ if(d`k gS\ blds`vfrfjDrkad` vius fo"; d`ks fo'¥s".kRed`]fofo|rkiw.Z ,oa cks|xE; cukrs gß\ okf"Zd`hijh{kk ds` fnukÍ eÍ fjohtu ds` f¥, vf}rh;gS\

Jherh pap¥%fookg ds` mijkUr ifr}kjk izsfjr d`jus ij o bl lsok d`h xfjek,oa egRo d`k vkHkl d`jokus ij gh eßmlds` egRo d`ks tku ikbZ\

^\ n\%og ”. d`c vk;k tc vkiusflfo¥ lsokvkÍ eÍ dS`fj;j d`h lEHkouk,ar¥kæus d`k œS`l¥k f¥;k=

Jherh pap¥%luΩ 2003 eÍ eßusflfo¥ lsokvkÍ ds` f¥, iz;kl d`jus d`kœS`l¥k fd`;k vkSj rHh ls rS;kjh izkjEHd`h\

^\ n\%bl ijh”k eÍ cSBus d`k fu.Z;¥sus ds` ckn vkid`k ig¥k d`ne D;k jgk=

Jherh pap¥%loZizƒe eßus viusvuqÔi fo";kÍ d`k p;u fd`;k o mlds`vuqÔi lkexzh r¥kæ d`juh izkjEH d`h\

^\ n\%cn¥rs gq, vkfƒZd` ifjn~';eÍ futh ”s( eÍ vkt lsokvkÍ ds` ¥qHkousvolj mi¥C| gksus ds` ckotwn vkiflfo¥ lsokvkÍ eÍ cÈ<rh izfrLi|kZ ds` cknHh xEHhjrk ls rS;kjh eÍ ¥xh jgÓ\ fd`lpht us vkid`k tksæ cjd`jkj j[k=

Jherh pap¥%flfo¥ lsokvkÍ d`hlkekftd` izfrÆBk] fofo|rk o vketu lsvR;f|d` tqÈMko ds` d`kj. esjk tksæ cukjgk\

^\ n\%;g lœ`¥rk fd`rus iz;klkÍ eÍizkIr d`h vkSj vki vius fiN¥s iz;klkÍ d`kfo'¥s". d`j fd`l fuÆd`"Z ij igq∑pÓ] tgk∑lœ`¥rk eÍ ck|k vkbZ=

O;fâ` ifjp;uke%Jherh pap¥ oekZfirk d`k uke%Jh jkelÔiekrk d`k uke%Lo\ Jherh d~`Æ.k nsohtUefrfƒ%31-08-1976

æSf”d` ;ksX;rk%gkbZLdw`¥—gfj;k.k cksMZ] 1991 (75%)

b≥VjehfM,V—lhch,lbZ cksMZ] 1993(69%)

ch\ ,\ —KUK, 1996 (67%)

,e\ ,\%GJU, fglkj; 1998 (69%)

ch\ ,M\—,e\ Mh\ ,l\ ;wuhoflZVh]vtesj; 2000 (71%)

Jherh pap¥%;g lœ`¥rk nwljsiz;kl eÍ izkIr gqbZ\ izƒe iz;kl eÍ næZu-ækL( fo"; ·nwljk fod`Yi‚ ij iwjh id`ÈMu gks ikus ds` d`kj. lœ`¥rk gkƒ ugÓ¥xh\

^\ n\%,sfPNd` fo";kÍ d`k pqukod`jrs gq, vkids` fopkj ,oa rdZ` vuqlkjD;k rRo egRoiw.Z gß vkSj D;k ugÓ=vkids` ,sfPNd` fo"; D;k ƒs ,oa buds`pquko d`k vk|kj D;k ƒk= D;k vkiuslHh iz;klkÍ eÍ ,sfPNd` fo"; leku j[s=

Jherh pap¥%,sfPNd` fo"; ds pqukoeÍ fo"; eÍ :fp] v÷;;u lkexzh d`hmi¥C|rk] ekud` o Lrjh; iqLrdÍègRoiw.Z gksrh gß\ esjs ,sfPNd` fo";(i) ¥ksd` izæklu o (ii) næZuækL( ƒs\¥ksd` izæklu fo"; eÍ :fp d`k d`kj.izæklu ds` fo"; d`ks iw.ZÔi ls tkuuk


ƒk\ næZuækL( ds` p;u d`k d`kj. bldsìzfr :fp] fo"; d`k oSKkfud` n~fÆVd`ks. oblds` ikBΩ;dzè d`k laf{kIr gksuk gS\ eßusvius nksukÍ iz;klkÍ eÍ vius ,sfPNd` fo";leku gh j[s\

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Jherh pap¥%th gk∑] ijh{kk d`hrS;kjh ,d` fu;ksftr d`k;Zdzè ij vk|kfjrƒh\

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Jherh pap¥%nSfud` d`k;ksÛ eÍ le;izcU|u d`k foæs" ÷;ku j[k\

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Jherh pap¥%lkekU; v÷;;u pw∑fd`vR;f|d` foLr~r gksrk gS] blhf¥, eßusiw.Zr;k ikBΩ;dzè ds` vuqÔi viukv÷;;u ds`fUnzr fd`;k\ esjk fopkj gS fd`lkekU; v÷;;u Hh mruk gh egRoiw.Z gS]ftruk ,sfPNd` fo";kÍ d`k v÷;;u\

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Jherh pap¥%izkjfEHd` ijh{kk ds`nkSjku oSd`fYid` fo"; ds` xwÈ< v÷;;u ds`lkƒ-lkƒ lkekU; v÷;;u ds` ikBΩ;dzèd`ks v¥x-v¥x HkxkÍ eÍ ck∑Vd`j fo'¥s-".kRed` v÷;;u fd`;k\ lelkef;d`?VukvkÍ ij foæs" ÷;ku fn;k\

O;fDrxr fo'ks"rk,avknæZ O;fâ` % ,\ ih\ ts\ vCnq¥ d`¥ke

o Lokeh foosd`kuUnlc¥ i” % vkRefo'okl o n~È<

fu'p;\fucZ¥ i” % laosnuæh¥rk\vkid`h :`fp;k∑ % (1) ikd` d`¥k]

(2) jsfM;ks lquuk\

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Jherh pap¥%eq“; ijh{kk d`h rS;kjhds` nkSjku vius izƒe iz;kl eÍ nwljsoSd`fYid` fo"; ds` d`kj. lœ`¥rk ugÓfe¥ ikbZ\ vius nwljs iz;kl eÍ eßus viuhblh dèh d`ks nwj d`jus d`k iz;kl fd`;k\bl gsrq iratf¥ ds` |esZUnz lj d`k foæs"ekxZnæZu œ`¥nk;d` jgk\ mUgkÍus fo"; d`hxgjh le> fod`flr d`jus] oSKkfud` ofo'¥s".kRed` v÷;;u eÍ vR;f|d` lg;ksxo ekxZnæZu fn;k\

^\ n\%vkius lkekU; v÷;;u d`hrS;kjh ds` f¥, d`kSu-d`kSulh i(-if(d`kvkÍ,oa iqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u fd`;k=

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Jherh pap¥%flfo¥ lsokvkÍ d`hrS;kjh ds` fo"; eÍ iwoZ Lukrd` Lrj ls ghlkspuk izkjEH d`juk pkfg, rƒk Lukrd`

ds` f¥, mlh vuqÔi fo"; pquus pkfg,\esjs fopkj ls xgu v÷;;u d`jrs gq, 1-2o"Z rd` d`k le; ¥xuk pkfg,\

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iqLrd`kÍ d`h lwphizkjfEHd` ·,sfPNd`‚

¥ksd` izæklu : (i) voLƒh egs'ojh](ii) lqjsUnz d`Vkfj;k] (iii) ¥{ehd`kar(THM), (iv) ch\ ,¥\ œ`fÈM;keq“; ·,sfPNd`‚%I

(i) voLƒh o voLƒh] (ii) lqjsUnzd`Vkfj;k] (iii) æekZ o lMkuk] (iv) ¥{ehd`kar(TMH), (v) Hokuh flag ·U;kl‚ ds` uksVΩl\eq“; ·,sfPNd`‚%II ·næZuækL(‚

(i) gjsUnz izlkn flUgk] (ii) lhMh æekZ](iii) osn izd`kæ oekZ\

Jherh pap¥%nksukÍ fo";kÍ eÍ fd`,x, iz;kl lgh gß\ egRoiw.Z ;g gS fd`vkid`h fo"; ij id`ÈM fd`ruh gS\ esjkekuuk gS fd` vad` izkIr d`juk ;k lœ`¥rkizkIr d`juk fo"; d`h id`ÈM ij fuHZjd`jrk gS\

^\ n\%vkids` bl ijh”k eÍ fgUnhek÷;e d`ks ¥sd`j rS;kjh ,oa lœ`¥rk izkIrd`jus ds` ckjs eÍ D;k fopkj gß=

Jherh pap¥%;g |kj.k vc fuewZ¥gks xbZ gS fd` vaxzsth ek÷;e ls gh lœ`¥rkizkIr d`h tk ld`rh gS\ fgUnh ek÷;e ls HhvPNs vad` o lœ`¥rk izkIr d`h tk ld`rhgS] cærsZ fo"; d`h m®e vfHO;fDr oHk"k ij vPNh id`ÈM gks\

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Jherh pap¥%izfr;ksxh if(d`k,a izsfjrd`jus ds` lkƒ-lkƒ fo";kÍ ds` pquko] muij id`ÈM gsrq j.uhfr fuekZ.] iqLrd`kÍ oikBΩ; lkexzh d`k pquko bR;kfn eÍ lgk;d`gksrh gß\

^\ n\%gk¥ gh eÍ izd`kfær ,d`lEekuh; laLƒk }kjk fd`, x, losZ{k. ds`vuqlkj æh"Z d`h 7 if(d`kvkÍ eÍ ls ,d` ,oaHkjr eÍ lcls T;knk iÈ<h tkus ok¥hizfr;ksfxrk if(d`k ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ d`ksbu ekud`kÍ ds` fd`rus d`jhc ikrh gß=bld`ks vkSj vf|d` mi;ksxh cukus ds` f¥,d`ksbZ lq>ko nsuk pkgÍxh=

æs" i~ÆB 685 ij


⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ vuqizsjd` ;qok izfrHk ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

esjh lœ`¥rk d`k ew¥ea( Lokeh foosd`kuUn d`k vkÿku ‘mBks] tkxksvkSj ¥{; ^kfIr ls ig¥s er :`d`ks’ gS\

—oSHo JhokLro

flfo¥ lsok ijh”k] 2008 eÍ fgUnh ek÷;e ls 74oÍ Lƒku ij p;fur

la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx d`h ^frfÆBr ijh”k eÍ mPp Lƒku ij p;fur gksd`j Jh oSHo JhokLro us fu#lUnsg ,d` vR;UrxkSjoiw.Z mi¥fC| vftZr d`h gS] ftlds` f¥, og lHh ^æalk rƒk gekjh gkfnZd` c|kbZ ds` ik( gß\ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. ds` lkƒmud`h HÍVokrkZ ;gk∑ ew¥Ôi eÍ ^Lrqr gS\

^\ n\%flfo¥ lsok ijh”k eÍ ækunkjlœ`¥rk ij ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. ifjokj d`hvksj ls gkfnZd` c|kbZ\

Jh oSHo%th] |U;okn\

^\ n\%D;k vkius fiN¥s o"ksÛ d`hijh”k ds` VkWilZ ds` lk”kRd`kj iÈ<s = buVkWilZ eÍ ls fd`lh ls vki ^Hkfor gq, =vius ifj.ke d`ks tkuus ls ig¥s vkiVkWilZ ds` ckjs eÍ D;k lksprs ƒs =

Jh oSHo%^fro"Z eß VkWilZ ds`lk”kRd`kj iÈ<rk ƒk\ ;s lk”kRd`kj gesækesjs f¥, ^sj.klzksr jgs o bud`h enn lseq>s viuh x¥fr;k∑ lq|kjus eÍ enn fe¥h\esjk gesæk ls ekuuk ƒk fd` geeÍ ls gh¥ksx] VkWilZ ds` Ôi eÍ p;fur gksrs gß\vUrj ek( lgh j.uhfr d`k gksrk gS\

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Jh oSHo%th gk∑] eß viuh rS;kjh oijh”k eÍ fuÆiknu ls iw.Zr# lUrqÆV ƒk\foæs" rkSj ij lk”kRd`kj ds` mijkUrlœ`¥rk ds` ^fr iw.Zr# vk'oLr ƒk\

eq>s lœ`¥rk d`k æqH lekpkj esjsfe( Jh use¯lg (IRS) }kjk ^kIr gqvk\vius Je d`k ^frœ`¥ ikd`j eq>s vR;f|d`^lUurk gqbZ o eßus rRd`k¥ vius ifjokjd`ks œ`ksu ij lwfpr fd`;k\

^\ n\%viuh l√¥rk d`k Js;fd`ld`ks nsuk pkgÍxs =

Jh oSHo%lœ`¥rk d`Hh Hh fuokZr eÍ^kIr ugÓ gksrh\ bleÍ vusd` ¥ksxkÍ d`k;ksxnku gksrk gS] ijUrq eß viuh lœ`¥rkd`k eq“; Js; bZ'oj ds` lkƒ ekrk-firk]ifjokjhtu] xq:tu Jh fou; ¯lg ·÷;s;IAS)] Jh ef.d`kar lg (The Study), Jhjkes'oj jk;] Jh fod`kl fnO;d`hfrZ ·n~fÆV‚,oa Jh lquh¥ VqVstk ·fc¥kliqj‚ ,oafe(x.kÍ d`ks nsuk pkgw∑xk\

…… ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. vius vki eÍ cstksÈMif(d`k gS rƒk fgUnh ek÷;e ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds`f¥, ojnku LoÔi gS\ blds` vfrfjDrkad`xq.o®kijd` lkexzh ls ifjiw.Z gß\ bld`hokf"Zd`h ijh”k ds` le; eÍ fjohtu d`h lHhvko';d` lkexzh mi¥C| d`jkrh gS\

^\ n\%flfo¥ lsok dsò¥ ,d` gh¥{; ƒk ;k fd`lh vkSj dS`fj;j fod`Yi ds`f¥, lkƒ-lkƒ rS;kjh d`j jgs ƒs\

Jh oSHo%eßus N®hlxÈ< SLET ijh”km®h.Z d`j lgk;d` ^k÷;kid` ds` in d`ksoSd`fYid` dS`fj;j ds` Ôi eÍ rS;kj d`jj[k ƒk\

^\ n\%fd`l rjg vkSj d`c vkid`ksflfo¥ lsokvkÍ d`h xfjek ,oa egRo d`kvuqHo gqvk =

Jh oSHo%pw∑fd` esjs firk Jh Î`Æ.dqèkj JhokLro ·fjVk;MZ phœ` bathfu;j]¥ksd` fuekZ. foHkx] N®hlxÈ< æklu‚jkT; æklu eÍ vf|d`kjh jgs gß\ vr#cpiu ls gh flfo¥ lsod`kÍ ds` lEidZ` eÍvkus d`k volj fe¥k] ftlus eq>s flfo¥lsok d`ks viuk dS`fj;j cukus gsrq ^sfjrfd`;k\

^\ n\%og ”. d`c vk;k tc vkiusflfo¥ lsokvkÍ eÍ dS`fj;j d`h lEHkouk,ar¥kæus d`k œS`l¥k f¥;k =

Jh oSHo%tc eß 12oÓ d`”k eÍ ƒk]rc esjh cÈMh cgu Jherh 'osrk JhokLro·tks orZeku eÍ Mh\,l\ih\ gß‚ us jkT;flfo¥ lsok d`h rS;kjh æqÔ d`j nh ƒh\

vr# muls ^sj.k ikd`j esjk fu.Z;] n~È<lad`Yi eÍ cn¥ x;k ,oa 12oÓ ds` ckn eßusxf.r lad`k; NksÈMd`j d`¥k lad`k; ¥srsgq, ch\,\ eÍ ôsæ ¥s f¥;k\

^\ n\%bl ijh”k eÍ cSBus d`k fu.Z;¥sus ds` ckn vkid`k ig¥k d`ne D;kjgk =

Jh oSHo%fu.Z; ¥sus ds` ckn eßusloZ^ƒe NCERT d`h iqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;ud`j viuh uÓo etcwr d`h\ lkƒ gh xzstq,æuds` vius fo";kÍ d`k xEHhjrk ls v÷;;ufd`;k\

O;fâ` ifjp;uke%oSHo JhokLrofirk d`k uke%Jh Î`Æ. dqèkj JhokLroekrk d`k uke%Jherh inek JhokLrotUefrfƒ%01–07–1981

æSf”d` ;ksX;rk%gkbZLdw`¥%Sant Xavier’s H. S.

School, Ambikapur; MadhyamikShiksha Mandal, Bhopal, (M.P.)·1996, 82%)

b≥VjehfM,V%Saraswati H. S.School, Bilaspur; Madhyamik ShikshaMandal, Bhopal (M.P.) ·1998, 80·67%)

ch\,\%D. P. College, Bilaspur;Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur·2001, 72·17%)

,e\,\%D. P. College, Bilaspur;Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur·2003, 70·38%)

iwoZ p;u%(I) Distt. Jail Superintendent (May

2007)—MPPSC 2003(II) Dy. S. P. (March 2008)—

MPPSC 2005(III) I.R.T.S. (May 2008)—IAS 07(IV) I.A.S. (May 2009)—IAS 08

^\ n\%cn¥rs gq, vkfƒZd` ifjn~';eÍ futh ”s( eÍ vkt lsokvkÍ ds` ¥qHkousvolj mi¥C| gksus ds` ckotwn vkiflfo¥ lsokvkÍ eÍ cÈ<rh ^frLi|kZ ds` ckn


Hh xEHhjrk ls rS;kjh eÍ ¥xs jgs\ fd`lpht us vkid`k tksæ cjd`jkj j[k =

Jh oSHo%flfo¥ lsokvkÍ ds` lkƒtqÈMh fofo|rk,a] pqukSfr;kÍ ,oa ^frÆBk usesjk tksæ cjd`jkj j[k\

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^\ n\%,sfPNd` fo";kÍ d`k pquko d`jrsgq, vkids` fopkj ,oa rdZ` vuqlkj D;krRo egRoiw.Z gß vkSj D;k ugÓ = vkids`,sfPNd` fo"; D;k ƒs ,oa bud`k pqukofd`l vk|kj ij ƒk = D;k vkius lHh^;klkÍ eÍ ,sfPNd` fo"; leku j[s =

Jh oSHo%,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ds` pquko eÍviuh :fp d`k foæs" ÷;ku j[uk pkfg,\eßus xzstq,æu ds` le; gh viuh :fp ds`vk|kj ij rhu fo";kÍ d`k p;u fd`;k ƒk]ftueÍ ls nks fo"; ¥sd`j eßus flfo¥ lsokijh”k eÍ lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`h gS\ th gk∑] esjslHh ^;klkÍ eÍ ,sfPNd` fo"; leku ƒs\

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Jh oSHo%flfo¥ lsok d`h rS;kjhfuf'pr rkSj ij fu;ksftr d`k;Z∂è ijvk|kfjr gksrh gS] pw∑fd` ^;klkÍ d`h la“;kpkj gS\ vr# eß dè-ls-dè ^;kl eÍ ghlœ`¥rk ^kIr d`juk pkgrk ƒk\

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Jh oSHo%eßus d`ksbZ foæs" fnup;kZ ugÓcuk j[h ƒh\ ojuΩ vius fl¥scl ·ikBΩ;∂è‚ds` vuqlkj ^R;sd` fnu gsrq ¥{; fu|kZfjrd`j fu;fer iÈ<kbZ d`h\

^\ n\%lkekU; v÷;;u d`h rS;kjh d`hD;k j.uhfr jgh = tSlk dq`N ijh”kfƒZ;kÍeÍ ns[us eÍ vkrk gS fd` vad`kÍ ds` vk|kj ij,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ij vis”kd~`r vf|d` ÷;kunsrs gß\ bl ckjs eÍ vkid`k D;k n~fÆVd`ks.gS =

Jh oSHo%lkekU; v÷;;u ds` HhegRoiw.Z 600 vad` gksrs gß\ vr# bld`hmis”k d`ks eß lgh ugÓ ekurk gw∑\

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iw.Z d`kjd` gS\ D;k vkius bl nkSjku le;d`ks ¥sd`j d`ksbZ d`fBukbZ eglwl d`h = ;fngk∑] rks dS`ls vkius bld`k lkeuk fd`;k =

Jh oSHo%pw∑fd` flfo¥ lsok d`h^kjfEHd` o eq“; ijh”k ds` chp le;vUrjk¥ d`kœ`h dè gksrk gS\ vr# le;^cU|u ,d` egRoiw.Z pqukSrh gksrh gS\

vius iwoZ ^;klkÍ eÍ eq>s bl d`fBukbZd`k lkeuk d`juk iÈMk ƒk\ vr# esjk ekuukgS fd` flfo¥ lsok ^kjfEHd` ijh”k nsus lsiwoZ gh ,d` ckj eq“; ijh”k d`h rS;kjh d`j¥suh pkfg,\

O;fDrxr fo'ks"rk,ailanhnk O;fDrRo % jkÆV_firk egkRek xka|hlc¥ i” % vkRefo'okl] |S;Z]

fujUrj tw>us d`h”erk

fucZ¥ i” % d`Hh-d`Hh vR;f|d`Hkoqd` gks tkuk

vkid`h :`fp;k∑ % ærjat] cSM¯eVu]laxhr

^\ n\%^kjfEHd` ijh”k ds` le;vkid`h D;k ^kƒfed`rk,a jgÓ = ^kjfEHdìjh”k d`h lVhd` rS;kjh ds` f¥, fdù foæs"phtkÍ d`k ÷;ku j[k vkSj dS`ls vkiususxsfVo ekfdÛ`x d`k bld`k lkeuk fd`;k =

Jh oSHo%^kjfEHd` ijh”k gsrq eßuslhfer iqLrd`kÍ d`k p;u fd`;k] ijUrqmud`k xgjkbZ ls v÷;;u fd`;k\ lkƒ ghfoxr o"ksÛ ds` ^'u-i(kÍ d`ks T;knk-ls-T;knk g¥ d`jus d`k ^;kl fd`;k\

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Jh oSHo%eq>s eq“; ijh”k gsrq j.uhfreÍ cn¥ko d`h d`ksbZ [kl vko';d`rk eglwlugÓ gqbZ\ gk∑] ;fn fd`lh foæs" ”s( eÍ d`ksbZdèh eglwl gqbZ] rks mleÍ vko';d`rkuqÔilq|kj d`j f¥,\

^\ n\%vkius fucU| ds` f¥, D;kd`ksbZ foæs" rS;kjh d`h = vkius fd`l fo";ij fucU| f¥[k ,oa ml fo"; d`ks ghpquus d`k D;k d`kj. ƒk =

Jh oSHo%fucU| d`h rS;kjh gsrq eßuslekpkj-i(kÍ ds` lEiknd`h; o ekfld` i(-if(d`kvkÍ d`k v÷;;u fd`;k ƒk\

eßus ‘vuqæklu d`k vƒZ gS lœ`¥rk ovjktd`rk d`k vƒZ foukæ gksrk gS’ fo";ij fucU| f¥[k ƒk\’ eß bl fo"; ijvPNk fo'¥s". d`j ld`rk ƒk\ vr# eßusbl fo"; d`k pquko fd`;k\

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Jh oSHo%lkekU; v÷;;u d`h rS;kjhds` f¥, eßus NCERT d`h fd`rkckÍ]^fr;ksfxrk niZ. ds` vfrfjDrkad` d`kv÷;;u fd`;k ƒk\

^\ n\%lk”kRd`kj d`h rS;kjh vkiusdS`ls d`h vkSj vkid`k lk”Rd`kj d`c vkSjfd`l cksMZ eÍ ƒk = lk”kRd`kj dS`lk jgkvkSj fd`rus le; p¥k ,oa D;k-D;k ^'uiwNs x, =

Jh oSHo%pw∑fd` orZeku eÍ eß I.R.T.S.(IAS Allied) ds` ^fæ”. eÍ gw∑\ vr# blo"Z eq>s lk”kRd`kj ds` f¥, foæs" rS;kjhd`k volj ugÓ fe¥k\ vr# eßus viusfe(kÍ ds` lkƒ gh ekWd` baVjO;w d`k xzqifMLd`æu d`k lgkjk f¥;k\

^\ n\%fd`l æSf”d` Lrj ij flfo¥lsokvkÍ d`h rS;kjh ds` ckjs eÍ lkspuk æqÔd`juk pkfg, = vkids` vuqlkj bl ijh”kd`h iw.Z rS;kjh eÍ fd`ruk le; ¥xukpkfg, =

Jh oSHo%lkekU; rkSj ij Lukrd`Lrj ij gh flfo¥ lsokvkÍ d`h rS;kjh ds`ckjs eÍ fuf'pr fu.Z; ¥s ¥suk pkfg,\ esjsvuqlkj ijh”k d`h iw.Z rS;kjh gsrq 1 ls 2o"Z d`k le; i;kZIr gksrk gS\

^\ n\%vkids` vuqlkj foKku vkSjekufod`h fo";kÍ eÍ ls fd`l fo"; ds` lkƒ^;kl T;knk lgh gS = ,slh dq`N vo-|kj.k,a gß fd` ekufod`h fo";kÍ ls lœ`¥rk,oa foKku fo";kÍ ds` lkƒ vis”kd~`rvf|d` vad` kIr fd`, tk ld`rs gß\ vkids`bl ckjs eÍ D;k fopkj gß =

Jh oSHo%esjk ekuuk gS fd` :fpd`jfo";kÍ ds` lkƒ rS;kjh d`juh pkfg,\ ekufod`h,oa foKku ds` fo";kÍ ls lEcfU|r mDr|kj.k,a feF;k gß o lHh fo";kÍ ls lekuÔi ls p;u gksrk gS\

^\ n\%vkids` vuqlkj bl ijh”k eÍfgUnh ek÷;e d`ks ¥sd`j rS;kjh ,oa lœ`¥rk^kIr d`jus ds` ckjs eÍ D;k fopkj gß =

Jh oSHo%flfo¥ lsok ijh”k eÍ vcek÷;e d`ksbZ ck|k ugÓ jg xbZ gS ,oa fgUnhek÷;e ds` fo»kfƒZ;kÍ d`k p;u ¥xkrkjcÈ<rk tk jgk gS o dq`N fo";kÍ d`ks NksÈMd`j¥xHx lHh fo";kÍ eÍ fgUnh ek÷;e eÍ^pqj lkexzh o xkbMÍl mi¥C| gS\

^\ n\%D;k ifjokj d`h æSf”d`]vkfƒZd` vkSj tukafd`d`h; fLƒfr d`k ^Hkov÷;;u ij iÈMrk gS`= ;fn gk∑ rks dS`ls`=

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gh O;fDrxr n~È<fu'p; o lad`Yi d`k HhvgeΩ ;ksxnku jgrk gS\

iqLrd`kÍ d`h lwph(List of Books)

^kjfEHd`Hkjrh; bfrgkl● ^kphu Hkjr # ds`\ lh\ JhokLro]

NCERT, >k-Jhek¥h● e÷;d`k¥hu Hkjr # NCERT, ,¥\ ih\

æekZ] lrhæ pUnzk● vk|qfud` Hkjr # NCERT, ch\ ,¥\

xzksoj] fcfiu pUnzkeq“;

bfrgkl● ^kphu Hkjr%NCERT● e÷;d`k¥hu Hkjr%NCERT, ,¥\ ih\

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fgUnh lkfgR;● fgUnh lkfgR; d`k bfrgkl%MkW\ uxsUnz

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Jh oSHo%fuf'pr rkSj ij ^fr;ksxhif(d`k,a flfo¥ lsok d`h rS;kjh d`kegRoiw.Z Hkx gß\ ^fr;ksfx;kÍ d`ks fujUrjv»ru ?VukvkÍ ls tksÈMs jgus ds` f¥,bld`k d`ksbZ fod`Yi ugÓ gS\

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Jh oSHo%egRoiw.Z VkWfid`kÍ d`k lekosægksuk pkfg,\ rF;kRed` o fo'¥s".kRed`nksukÍ tkud`kfj;kÍ d`k lekosæ gksuk pkfg,\xSj tÔjh vk∑d`ÈMkÍ d`k lad`¥u ugÓ gksukpkfg, ojuk blls ^fr;ksxh fnXHzfer gksld`rs gß\

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Jh oSHo%^fr;ksfxrk niZ. vius vkieÍ cstksÈM if(d`k gS vkSj fgUnh ek÷;e ds`v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, ojnku LoÔi gS vkSj esjsekud`kÍ ij d`kœ`h gn rd` [jh mrjrh gS\

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d`k D;k fd`lh Lrj ij mi;ksx fd`;k =fiN¥s d`bZ o"ksÛ ls ijh”kfƒZ;kÍ us bUgÍ cgqrmi;ksx fd`;k gS vkSj ljkgk gS\

Jh oSHo%^kjfEHd` o eq“; ijh”knksukÍ gh LrjkÍ ij eßus vfrfjDrkad`kÍ d`hlhfjt d`k mi;ksx fd`;k ƒk\ blls xq.-o®kijd` lkexzh d`k HVd`ko lekIr gkstkrk gS\

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Jh oSHo%vPNk ^;kl gS\ o"ZHj d`hv»ru lkexzh ,d` txg mi¥C| gks tkrhgS\ ^fr;ksxh œ`k¥rw d`h Hkx-nkSÈM ls cptkrk gS\

^\ n\%xq.o®k ds` iSekus ij ;fn 1ls 10 rd` vk∑dÍ` rks vki D;k Ld`ksj nsukpkgÍxs =

Jh oSHo%‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ ekfldìf(d`k—10

‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ. vfrfjDrkad`’—10

‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ. okf"Zd`h’—8

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lsukuh d`jks `^;k. vH;]Hkoh `bfrgkl rqEgkjk gS];s u[r æek ds` cq>rs gß]lkjk vkd`kæ rqEgkjk gS\^\ n\%vkids` mTTo¥ HfoÆ; ds`

f¥, gkfnZd` 'kqHd`keuk,a\Jh oSHo%th] cgqr-cgqr |U;okn\

●●●

æs" i~ÆB 682 d`k

Jherh pap¥%izfr;ksfxrk niZ. bln~fÆV ls egRoiw.Z Lƒku j[rh gS\ ;gvius orZeku d`¥soj eÍ m®e gS\

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jkÆV_h;1. og mixzg ftls fo'o ds` vU; NksVs N# mixzgkÍ ds` lkƒ 23 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks Hkjr }kjk ^”sfir fd`;k x;k\ % vkslulSV-2

☛ iks¥j lSVs¥kbV ¥kWUp Oghd`¥ (PSLV-C14) d`ks Hkjr ds vkslulSV-2 (Oceansat-2) rƒk vU; fonsæh N# ¥?q mixzgkÍ ds`lkƒ Jhgfjd`ksVk ls 23 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks lœ`¥rkiwoZd` ^”sfir fd`;k gS\ vkslulSV-2 leqnz rƒk bld`k okrkoj. ij ^Hko d`kv÷;;u d`jsxk\

2. Hkjr d`k og ig¥oku ftlus flrEcj 2009 eÍ MsuekdZ` eÍ vk;ksftr fo'o dq`'rh pSfEi;ufæi eÍ d`kaL; ind` ^kIr fd`;k\% jesæ dqèkj

☛ gfj;k.k ds` js¥os eÍ d`k;ZjrΩ ig¥oku jesæ dqèkj us gfuÛx ·MsuekdZ`‚ eÍ vk;ksftr fo'o dq`'rh pSfEi;ufæi eÍ 74 fd`xzk≠`hLVkb¥ oxZ eÍ d`kaL; ind` thrus eÍ lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`h\ jesæ us 42 o"ksÛ ckn Hkjr d`ks bl ^d`kj d`h lœ`¥rk fn¥kbZ gS\

3. og Hkjrh; f∂`ds`V f[¥kÈMh ftls flrEcj 2009 eÍ fn, x, ds`LV_kW¥ vokMksÛ eÍ bafM;u f∂`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j 2008 d`k vokMZ^kIr gqvk\ % xkSre xEHhj☛ xkSre xEHhj us 2008 ds` ds`LV_kW¥ vokMksÛ eÍ bafM;u f∂`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j ·5 ¥k[‚ rƒk cSVΩlesu vkWœ` n bZ;j ·2 ¥k[‚iqjLd`kj ^kIr fd`,\ vU; iqjLd`kjkÍ eÍ thoui;ZUr mi¥fC| ds` f¥, 5 ¥k[ d`k iqjLd`kj xqaMIik fo'oukƒ d`ks ^nku fd`;k x;k\

4. og ægj tgk∑ vkBok∑ ôklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥u (2010) d`k vk;kstu ^Lrkfor gS\ % ubZ fnY¥h☛ fonsækÍ eÍ jg jgs êq[ Hkjrh;kÍ d`k vkBok∑ ôklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥u 7–9 tuojh] 2010 d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ vk;ksftrfd`;k tk,xk\ 8 tuojh d`ks ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg mnΩ?kVu rƒk 9 tuojh d`ks jkÆV_ifr Jherh ^frHk ikfV¥ lEes¥u d`klekiu d`jÍxh\

5. og fœ`Ye ftlus flrEcj 2009 eÍ ?ksf"r 55oÍ jkÆV_h; fœ`Ye iqjLd`kjkÍ eÍ loZJsÆB œ`hpj fœ`Ye d`k iqjLd`kj ^kIr fd`;k gS\% d`kaphojeΩ

☛ fo“;kr d`kaphojeΩ lkfÈM;kÍ ds` cqud`jkÍ d`h n;uh; fLƒfr ij cuh fœ`Ye ‘d`kaphojeΩ’ d`ks œ`hpj fœ`Ye Js.h eÍ loZJsÆB fœ`Yeds` f¥, Lo.Z dè¥ gsrq pquk x;k gS\ f^;næZu }kjk funsZfær ;g rfe¥ fœ`Ye eÍ Hwfed`k ds` f¥, ^d`kæ jkt d`ks loZJsÆB vfHusrkds` iqjLd`kj ds` f¥, pquk x;k gS\

6. Hkjr d`k og fcf¥;MZlΩ f[¥kÈMh ftlus flrEcj 2009 eÍ fo'o isæsoj fcf¥;MZlΩ pSfEi;ufæi thrus eÍ lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`h\% iad`t vkMok.h

☛ iad`t vkMok.h us flrEcj 2009 eÍ bax¥S≥M eÍ ¥hMΩl eÍ fo'o isæsoj fcf¥;MZlΩ pSfEi;ufæi thr ¥h\ xhr lsBh ds` cknbl ^fr;ksfxrk d`ks thrus ok¥s og nwljs Hkjrh; gß\ iad`t vkMok.h d`ks vtqZu iqjLd`kj] jktho xka|h [s¥jRu iqjLd`kj rƒkinΩeJh (2009) ls lEekfur fd`;k tk pqd`k gS\

7. Hkjr d`k og eqDds`ckt ftlus flrEcj 2009 eÍ fo'o eqDds`ckth pSfEi;ufæi eÍ d`kaL; ind` thrk\ % fotÍnz ¯lg☛ vks¥fEid` d`kaL; ind` fotsrk fotÍnz ¯lg us flrEcj 2009 eÍ bV¥h eÍ fe¥ku eÍ vk;ksftr fo'o ckW¯Dlx pSfEi;ufæi eÍfefM¥osV oxZ eÍ d`kaL; ind` thrus eÍ lœ`¥ jgs\ fo'o pSfEi;ufæi eÍ ind` thrus ok¥s og ig¥s Hkjrh; gß\

8. Hkjr d`k og uxj tgk∑ flrEcj 2009 eÍ jkÆV_h; fcf¥;MZlΩ ,oa Luwd`j pSfEi;ufæi d`k vk;kstu fd`;k x;k\ % vkxjk☛ 76oÓ usæu¥ fcf¥;MZlΩ ,oa Luwd`j pSfEi;ufæi d`k vk;kstu vkxjk eÍ fd`;k x;k\ bl vk;kstu eÍ iad`t vkMok.h] xhrlsBh lfgr nsæ ds` 190 f[¥kfÈM;kÍ us Hkx f¥;k\

9. Hkjr d`k og jkT; tgk∑ ;wjsfu;e [fut fud`k¥us d`ks ¥sd`j fookn cuk gqvk gS\ % es?k¥;☛ es?k¥; eÍ 1984 eÍ [klh igkfÈM;kÍ eÍ lhek ds` lehi ¥xHx 9,500 Vu ;wjsfu;e [fut ds` H≥Mkj d`k irk p¥k ƒk\ dsÙnzljd`kj us bls fud`k¥us ds` f¥, if'peh [klh ft¥s eÍ fd`¥sUx%fiUMÍxlksg¥kWUx ;wjsfu;e ^kstsDV (Kylleng-PyndensohlongUranium Project) rS;kj fd`;k gS ftld`k ogk∑ ,d` Nk( laxBu }kjk fojks| fd`;k tk jgk gS] ¥sfdù ljd`kj bls d`k;kZfUord`jus ds` f¥, n~È< lad`Yi gS\

10. Hkjr d`h og ckf¥d`k ftlus flrEcj 2009 eÍ vejhd`k eÍ vk;ksftr la;qDr jkÆV_ t¥ok;q ifjorZu lEes¥u d`ks fo'o ds` leLrcPpkÍ d`h vksj ls ^frfuf|Ro d`jrs gq, lEcksf|r fd`;k\ % ;qxjRuk JhokLro☛ ¥[u˜ d`h 13 o"hZ; fd`æksjh ;qxjRuk JhokLro us la;qDr jkÆV_ t¥ok;q ifjorZu lEes¥u d`ks lEcksf|r fd`;k rƒk t¥ok;qifjorZu ij Rofjr d`kjZokbZ d`jus d`k fuosnu fd`;k\ Hkjr ds` jktsUnz ipkSjh rƒk fonsæ ea(h ,l\,e\ Î`Æ.k us Hh lEes¥u d`kslEcksf|r fd`;k\ t¥ok;q ifjorZu ij fnlEcj 2009 eÍ ,d` o~gnΩ lEes¥u vk;ksftr fd`;k tk jgk gS ftleÍ D;ksVks ^ksVksd`kW¥ tks2012 eÍ lekIr gks jgk gS] ds` Lƒku ij ,d` ubZ t¥ok;q laf| ds` vfLrRo eÍ vkus d`h lEHkouk gS\

11. fo'o d`k og ig¥k pUnzek ij Hstk x;k mixzg ftlus ogk∑ ikuh gksus d`h iqfÆV flrEcj 2009 eÍ d`h\ % pUnz;ku-1☛ Hkjr fo'o d`k ig¥k ,slk nsæ cu x;k gS ftlds` ig¥s ewu feæu eÍ gh mls pUnzek ij ikuh [kstus d`k Js; fe¥k gS\vDVwcj 2008 eÍ ^”sfir fd`, x, pUnz;ku-1 ij vejhd`k d`h ,tÍlh ‘uklk’ ds` ¥xs ,d` mid`j. ,e 3 (M 3) vƒkZrΩ ewufeujks¥kWth eSij 3 }kjk ,d`f(r fd`, x, vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ls oSKkfud`kÍ us ;g fuÆd`"Z fud`k¥k gS\ ikuh d`h ek(k feVΩVh ds` d`.kÍ eÍ vR;UrvYi ek(k eÍ mifLƒr gS\


vUrjkZÆV_h;1. og Lƒku tgk∑ th-20 nsækÍ d`h orZeku vkfƒZd` eanh ls mcjus ds` f¥, rhljh cSBd` flrEcj 2009 eÍ vk;ksftr d`h xbZ\

% fiVΩlcxZ ·vejhd`k‚☛ th-20 nsækÍ d`h fo'o vkfƒZd` eanh ls fuiVus ds` f¥, mik; [kstus ds` f¥, rhljk lEes¥u fiVΩlcxZ ·vejhd`k‚ eÍ flrEcj2009 eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\ blls iwoZ bl ^d`kj d`k ig¥k lEes¥u ok¯æxVu rƒk nwljk ¥anu eÍ lEiUu gks pqd`k gS\ bllEes¥u eÍ ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg us Hh Hkx f¥;k\

2. og ^fl* gkW¥hoqM vfHus(h tks flrEcj-vDVwcj 2009 eÍ ,d` fœ`Ye d`h æw¯Vx ds` f¥, Hkjr eÍ jgÓ\ % twf¥;k jkWcVZlΩ☛ ,ds`Mseh vokMZ fotsrk gkW¥hoqM vfHus(h twf¥;k jkWcVZlΩ (Julia Roberts) us viuh ubZ ewoh ‘bZV] ^s] ¥o’ (Eat, Pray,Love) ds` f¥, Hkjr eÍ flrEcj-vDVwcj 2009 eÍ æw¯Vx d`h\ ;g fœ`Ye ,f¥tkcsƒ fxYcVZ d`h blh uke ls f¥f[r iqLrd` ijvk|kfjr gS] tks I;kj ,oa ækfUr d`h [kst eÍ bV¥h] Hkjr rƒk baMksusfæ;k xbZ ƒÓ\ twf¥;k jkWcVZlΩ fœ`Ye eÍ ,f¥tkcsƒ fxYcVZd`h Hwfed`k fuHk jgh gS\

3. og nsæ tgk∑ ‘bClk’ (IBSA) ds` pkSƒs fæ[j lEes¥u d`k vk;kstu uoEcj 2009 eÍ ^Lrkfor gS\ % czkth¥☛ bafM;k] czkth¥ rƒk lkmƒ v≠`hd`k (IBSA) d`k pkSƒk fæ[j lEes¥u uoEcj 2009 eÍ czkth¥ eÍ ^Lrkfor gS\ bl lEes¥ueÍ vojks| eqDr O;kikj (Barrier-free trade) ij xEHhjrk ls fopkj fd`;k tk,xk\ ‘bClk’ d`k rhljk fæ[j lEes¥u luΩ 2008eÍ ubZ fnY¥h eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k ƒk\

4. Hkjr d`k og Vsful f[¥kÈMh ftlus vius fonsæh f[¥kÈMh lkƒh ds` lkƒ fe¥d`j vejhd`h vksiu Vsful-2009 d`k ;qx¥ f[rkcthrk\ % f¥,aMj isl☛ f¥,aMj isl rƒk pSd` x.jkT; ds` ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh d`h tksÈMh us flrEcj 2009 eÍ vejhd`h vksiu Vsful d`k ;qx¥ f[rkcthrk\ twu 2009 f¥,aMj isl rƒk ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh d`h tksÈMh us ≠`kalhlh vksiu d`k ;qx¥ f[rkc Hh thrk ƒk\ isl d`k ;g 10ok∑xzk≥M L¥se ;qx¥ f[rkc gS\

5. rhu nsækÍ d`h flrEcj 2009 eÍ vk;ksftr og f∂`ds`V Δk~a[¥k ftleÍ ,d` eSp eÍ Hkjr ds` lfpu rÍnq¥d`j us ,d`fnolh; eSpkÍ eÍviuk 44ok∑ ærd` cuk;k\ % d`kWEiSd` dì f(d`ks.h; f∂`ds`V Δk~a[¥k☛ Hkjr-U;wth¥S≥M-Jh¥ad`k ds` e÷; flrEcj 2009 eÍ [s¥h xbZ ,d`fnolh; eSpkÍ d`h d`kWEiSd` dì f(d`ks.h; f∂`ds`V Δk~a[¥k d`kœ`kbu¥ eSp Hkjr o Jh¥ad`k ds` e÷; d`ks¥Ecks eÍ [s¥k x;k ftleÍ Hkjr fot;h jgk\ lfpu rÍnq¥d`j us œ`kbu¥ eSp eÍ 138 jucukd`j viuk 44ok∑ ærd` iwjk fd`;k\ lfpu d`ks gh eSu vkWœ` n eSp rƒk eSu vkWœ` n lhfjÈt d`k iqjLd`kj Hh fe¥k\

6. flrEcj 2009 eÍ fnoaxr og vejhd`h Î`f" oSKkfud` ftUgÍ Hkjr eÍ vkbZ gfjr ∂`kfUr ds` f¥, Js; fn;k tkrk gS\% MkW\ ukWjeu cksj¥kWx

☛ vejhd`h Î`f" oSKkfud` MkW\ ukWjeu cksj¥kWx }kjk xsgw∑ ds` vf|d` mit nsus ok¥s chtkÍ d`k fod`kl fd`;k ƒk ftuds` ^;ksx ls,fæ;k rƒk ¥sfVu vejhd`k eÍ [k»kUu d`h dèh d`ks nwj d`jus eÍ lœ`¥rk fe¥h\ Hkjr Hh muds` chtkÍ d`k ^;ksx d`jds` gfjrd`jus eÍ lœ`¥ jgk rƒk [k»kUu eÍ vkRefuHZjrk ^kIr d`h\ Hkjr us muds` bl ;ksxnku ds` f¥, mUgÍ luΩ 2006 eÍ inΩe foHw".nsd`j lEekfur fd`;k\ MkW\ cksj¥kWx d`ks 1970 eÍ uksc¥ iqjLd`kj nsd`j lEekfur fd`;k x;k\

7. og nsæ ftld`h lnL;rk jkÆV_e≥M¥ }kjk 1 flrEcj] 2009 ls fu¥fEcr d`j nh xbZ gS\ % fœ`th☛ fœ`th eÍ fuokZfpr ljd`kj d`k lu 2006 eÍ r“rk i¥V d`j lsuk us l®k ij vf|d`kj d`j f¥;k ƒk\ jkÆV_e≥M¥ us ogk∑ iqu#pquko d`jkus ,oa ¥ksd`ra( d`h cgk¥h ds` f¥, psrkouh nsrs gq, fu¥Ecu d`h laLrqfr d`h ƒh\ ogk∑ d`h lSU; lefƒZr ≠ß`d` cSuhjked`h ljd`kj }kjk fu;r le; lhek eÍ bl lanHZ eÍ d`ksbZ ^Hkoh ,oa ld`kjkRed` d`ne u mBkus ds` d`kj. jkÆV_e≥M¥ us 1 flrEcj]2009 ls lnL;rk fu¥fEcr d`j nh\

8. og Hkjrh; fœ`Ye ftls bl o"Z fonsæh fœ`Ye oxZ eÍ vkWLd`j iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` f¥, vkf|d`kfjd` ^fofÆV gsrq p;fur fd`;k x;k gS\% gfjæpUnzkph œS`DVjh

☛ nknk lkgc œ`kYds` }kjk ig¥h fœ`Ye ‘jktk gfjæpUnz’ ds` fuekZ. eÍ vkbÛ d`fBukb;kÍ ij vk|kfjr ejkBh fœ`Ye gfjæpUnzkphœS`DVjh (Harishchandrachi Factory) d`ks vkxkeh vkWLd`j iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` f¥, Hkjr d`h vkf|d`kfjd` ^fofÆV gsrq vkæk ikjh[ d`hv÷;”rk ok¥h twjh us pquk gS\ fœ`Ye ds` ¥s[d` ,oa funsZæd` ijsæ eksd`kæh (Paresh Mokashi) gß\ Lokal (2004) ds` ckn ;gnwljh ejkBh fœ`Ye gS ftls vkf|d`kfjd` Ôi ls pquk x;k gS\

9. nf”. v≠`hd`k d`h og ,ƒ¥hV ftlds` L(h ;k iq:" gksus d`ks ¥sd`j fookn cuk gqvk gS\ % d`kLVj lsesU;k☛ nf”. v≠`hd`k d`h |kod` d`kLVj lsesU;k L(h ;k iq:" oxZ eÍ j[s tkus d`ks ¥sd`j fookn cuk gqvk gS\ d`kLVj lsesU;k(Caster Semenya) us cf¥Zu eÍ vxLr 2009 eÍ fo'o ,ƒ¥sfVd` pSfEi;ufæi eÍ 800 eh jsl eÍ Lo.Z ind` thrk ƒk\ lsesU;k ds`¯¥x ijh”. d`h fjiksVZ vHh vkuh æs" gS\

10. os nks Hkjrh; O;fDr ftUgÍ phu ds` X¥ksc¥ VkbEl }kjk vk|qfud` phu ds` fuekZ. eÍ ;ksxnku nsus ok¥s fo'o ds` egkuΩ ¥ksxkÍ d`hlwph eÍ lfEef¥r fd`;k x;k gS\ % tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ rƒk jchUnzukƒ VSxksj☛ phu d`h dÈ;qfuLV ikVhZ ls lEc* ,d` lekpkj-i( X¥ksc¥ VkbEl }kjk ,sls 60 fonsæh O;fDr;kÍ d`h lwph tkjh d`h gS ftUgkÍusvk|qfud` phu ds` fuekZ. eÍ ;ksxnku fn;k gS\ lwph eÍ usgÔ d`k Lƒku 19ok∑ rƒk VSxksj d`k Lƒku 11ok∑ gS\ VSxkSj lwph eÍ ,dèk(d`fo gS\ phu eÍ dÈ;qfuLV vkUnks¥u d`h 60oÓ o"Zxk∑B 1 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks eukbZ xbZ ftlds` mi¥{; eÍ ;g lwph tkjh d`h xbZ\

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tkiku # pquko ifj.ke ds` fufgrkƒZ

tkiku eÍ vxLr 2009 ds` lalnh;pquko d`k ifj.ke vizR;kfær rƒk Hkjhm¥Vœs`j ok¥k fl* gqvk gS\ ;g rks pqukoiwoZ ds` vuqekukÍ rƒk losZ{k.kÍ ls gh LiÆVgks x;k ƒk fd` tkiku eÍ dq N u;k gksus tkjgk gS\ nsæ d`h turk l®k|kjh n¥ dsùsrkvkÍ ds` pkfjf(d` iru ,oa HzÆVkpkj d`ksvkSj vf|d` lgu d`jus ds` f¥, rS;kj ugÓƒh\ fo'o d`h nwljs uEcj d`h vƒZO;oLƒkok¥k nsæ jktuhfrd` Ôi ls la;qDr jkT;vejhd`k ds` vuqpj ds` Ôi eÍ igpkuktk,] ;g mlds` jkÆV_h; vgeΩ d`ks vkgrd`jrk ƒk\ oSf'od` vkfƒZd` lad`V d`h ekjrƒk eanh ls mRiUu csjkstxkjh us turkd`ks >d`>ksj d`j j[ fn;k ƒk\ ,d` fjiksVZds` vuqlkj] ‘‘xkSjr¥c gS fd` tkiku eÍcsjkstxkjh d`h nj fjd`kWMZ 5·7 izfrær ijigq∑p xbZ gS\ fiN¥s eghukÍ ds` vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds`vuqlkj 3,59,000 tkikuh csjkstxkj ƒs\’’gn rks rc gks xbZ tc pquko d`h iwoZ cs¥keÍ tkiku ds` iz|kuea(h rkjks vlks ;gcrkus ds` ctk; fd` mud`h ikVhZ csjkstxkjhrƒk xjhch d`h pqukSrh d`k lkeuk dS`lsd`jsxh] turk d`ks minsæ nsus ¥xs fd`xjhckÍ d`ks æknh ugÓ d`juh pkfg,\ buifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ nsæ ds` vUnj l®k|kjh n¥fojks|h gok tksj id`ÈM jgh ƒh\ tkiku d`kernkrk f¥cj¥ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ] ukSd`j-ækgkÍ rƒk cÈMs iw∑thifr;kÍ ds` cnukexBtksÈM d`ks iqu# l®k ds` xf¥;kjkÍ eÍns[us ds` f¥, rS;kj ugÓ ƒk\ tkiku dsèrnkrkvkÍ d`h lksp d`k vuqeku ,dèrnkrk ds` bl d`ƒu ls ¥xk;k tkld`rk gS%‘‘geÍ foi{kh n¥kÍ d`h uhfr;kÍls dq`N ¥suk-nsuk ugÓ gS] ge cl cn¥kopkgrs gß\’’ Lo;a ,¥\ Mh\ ih\ ds` mik÷;{k;ksæsfgns lqxk d`ks Lohd`kj d`juk iÈMk fd`vkt mud`h ikVhZ ftruh cnuke gS] mruhcnuke og 1955 ds` ckn vkSj d`Hh ugÓjgh\

bl i~ÆBHwfe eÍ ;g rks r; ƒk fd`f¥cj¥ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ pquko gkjus tkjgh gS] fdÙrq mld`k ,d` rjg ls lwiÈMk

lkœ` gks tk,xk bld`h vkæk dè ¥ksxkÍ d`ksgh ƒh\ fd`lh Hh n~fÆV ls fopkj fd`;k tk,Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ vkWœ` tkiku us pquko eÍvHwriwoZ lœ`¥rk izkIr d`h\ ;g lœ`¥rkbl n~fÆV ls vR;Ur egRoiw.Z gks tkrh gSfd` 2005 ds` lalnh; pquko eÍ d`ksbtqeks ds`d`fj'ekbZ usr~Ro ds` c¥ ij f¥cj¥ ikVhZus Hkjh cgqer izkIr fd`;k ƒk\ bl ckjifj.ke m¥V x;k\ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ us480 lnL;kÍ ds` fup¥s lnu eÍ 308 lhVthrd`j ¥xHx nks-frgkbZ cgqer izkIr d`jf¥;k\ ;g vkækrhr lœ`¥rk ƒh\

;fn 2005 eÍ f¥cj¥ ikVhZ d`h pqukohlœ`¥rk d`k Js; ikVhZ ds` rRd`k¥hu usrkd`ksbtqeks d`ks x;k rks 2009 eÍ Mseksdzs`fVdìkVhZ d`h lœ`¥rk d`k Js; mlds` usrk;qfd`;ks gkrks;kek d`ks tkrk gS\ d`bZ jkt-uhfrd` i;Zos{kd` gkrks;kek d`ks d`fj'ekbZusr~Ro d`h {kerk ds` f¥, d`ksbtqeks ds`led`{k ekurs gß\ ;qfd`;ks d`k tUe tkikuds` ,d` izfrfÆBr jktuhfrd` ?jkus eÍ gqvk\muds` firkeg bfpjks gkrks;kek f¥cj¥Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ ds` laLƒkid`kÍ eÍ ls ,d`ƒs rƒk iz|kuea(h ds` in d`ks Hh lqæksfHrd`j pqds` ƒs\ ;qfd`;ks us Hh viukjktuhfrd` lœ`j f¥cj¥ ikVhZ ds` lnL;ds` Ôi eÍ gh vkjEH fd`;k ƒk\ 1990 rdòg bl ikVhZ ds` lkƒ tqÈMs jgs\ 1990 ds`næd` ds` vkjEH eÍ jktuhfrd` erHsn ds`p¥rs mUgkÍus rƒk f¥cj¥ ikVhZ ds` ,d`vU; izeq[ usrk bfpjks vkstkok us f¥cj¥ikVhZ ls ukrk rksÈM f¥;k\ bu nks izeq[usrkvkÍ ds` gVus ls l®k ij f¥cj¥ ikVhZd`h ,d`kf|d`kfjd` id`ÈM dètksj iÈMus ¥xhrƒk vYid`k¥ ds` f¥, og l®k ls ckgjgks xbZ\ f¥cj¥ ikVhZ d`ks NksÈMus ds` mijkUr;qfd`;ks gkrks;kek us Mseksdsz`fVd` ikVhZ vkWœ`tkiku d`k xBu fd`;k rƒk muds` usr~Ro eÍikVhZ us 30 vxLr] 2009 ds` pquko eÍ,sfrgkfld` lœ`¥rk izkIr d`h\

gkrks;kek d`h pqukoh lœ`¥rk d`k jktturk d`h uCt igpkuus d`h mud`h {kerk

eÍ fNik gS\ ,d` tehuh usrk ds` Ôi eÍ ogeglwl d`j jgs ƒs fd` turk cn¥kopkgrh gS vkSj blf¥, mud`k pqukoh ukjkƒk%‘‘cn¥ko ds` f¥, ernku d`jks\’’ blukjs us turk d`h okLrfod` bPNk d`ksvfHO;Dr d`j mld`h HkoukvkÍ d`ks >ad~`rd`jus d`k d`ke fd`;k rƒk mlus tksjnkj<ax ls cn¥ko ds` i{k eÍ ernku d`jMseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ d`ks væZ ij rƒk f¥cj¥ikVhZ d`ks œ`æZ ij igq∑pk fn;k\ gkrks;kekd`ks viuh thr d`k iw.Z fo'okl ƒk rƒkpquko ls ig¥s vius d`k;Zd`rkZvkÍ d`kslEcksf|r d`jrs gq, mUgkÍus d`gk ƒk%‘‘;gpquko ,sfrgkfld` cn¥ko ¥k,axs rƒk ubZihÈ<h nsæ ds` bfrgkl d`h ubZ bckjrf¥[sxh\’’ mud`h ;g HfoÆ;ok.h v{kjæ#lR; fl* gqbZ\

pquko ifj.ke vkus ds` mijkUrgkrks;kek us tkiku d`h turk d`ks‘cn¥ko’ ds` f¥, ernku d`jus ds` f¥,|U;okn fn;k\ iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd` ftl‘cn¥ko’ d`k ukjk gkrks;kek us fn;k rƒkftls ernkrk us rgs-fn¥ ls Lohd`kj fd`;kmld`k rkRi;Z D;k gS= ;qfd`;ks gkrks;kekds` vuqlkj ;g cn¥ko f(vk;keh gS\ loZ-izƒe rks ;g ifjorZu ds` f¥, LiÆVtuknsæ gS\ nwljs bld`k vƒZ gS fd` tkikueÍ turk d`h izHql®k ds` lkj rRo d`kscn¥k tk,\ bld`k vfHizk; ;g gS fd`¥ksd` izæklu eÍ turk d`h lkƒZd` Hkxhnkjhgks\ rhljs] gkrks;kek ds` vuqlkj cn¥kod`k rkRi;Z gS f¥cj¥ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ }kjk50 o"Z ds` æklud`k¥ eÍ Lƒkfir cnukeO;oLƒk d`ks cn¥d`j ubZ O;oLƒk d`k;ed`h tk,\ ;g ubZ O;oLƒk muds` vuqlkjiqjkru rƒk uwru ds` laxe ds` Ôi eÍ gksxh\

bl f(vk;keh cn¥ko d`h tusPNk d`ksBksl Ôi nsuk rƒk gd`hd`r eÍ cn¥ukd`ksbZ vklku d`ke ugÓ gS\ ftl jktuhfrd`n¥ d`ks ;g d`ke d`juk gS] og ,d`lqLƒkfir n¥ ugÓ gS\ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZvHh Hh fuekZ. d`h izfdz`;k ls xqtj jghgS\ bruk gh ugÓ bl ikVhZ d`ks ljd`kjp¥kus d`k Hh d`ksbZ vuqHo ugÓ gS\ f¥cj¥ikVhZ ds` usrk rkjks vlks us rks bl vuqHo-ghurk d`ks pqukoh eqˆk cukus d`k Hhvlœ`¥ iz;kl fd`;k\ vr# gkrks;kek d`ks,d` lkƒ nks pqukSrhiw.Z d`k;ksÛ d`k lEiknud`juk gS\ ig¥k d`k;Z gS viuh ikVhZ d`kslgh vƒksÛ eÍ ikVhZ cukuk rƒk nwljk d`k;ZgS tkiku eÍ ,d` uwru jkT; O;oLƒk d`kfuekZ. d`juk\ nksukÍ gh pqukSfr;k∑ cgqr cÈMhgß] bl rF; ls gkrks;kek voxr gß\ uwrutkiku ds` fuekZ. ds` d`k;Z d`ks nwjnfæZrkd`k ifjp; nsrs gq, mUgkÍus nwljkÍ ls lg;ksx¥srs gq, d`jus d`k fu.Z; f¥;k gS\ blf¥,


fup¥s lnu eÍ LiÆV Hkjh cgqer gksus ijHh mUgkÍus xBcU|u ljd`kj cukus d`h?ks".k d`h\ mUgkÍus d`gk fd`%‘‘nks-frgkbZcgqer ds` ckn Hh og vke lgefr ds`vk|kj ij d`ke d`jus d`h d`ksfææ d`jÍxs\’’gkrks;kek ljd`kj d`k ,ts≥Mk vkSjizkƒfed`rk,a D;k gß] ;g Hh LiÆV gksrk tkjgk gS\ gkrks;kek ds` vuqlkj] ‘‘nqfu;k d`huEcj nks vƒZO;oLƒk tkiku d`ks orZekueÍ tkjh eanh ls cpk, j[uk gekjh lclscÈMh pqukSrh gS\’’ bruh gh cÈMh pqukSrhfæ{kk rƒk jkstxkj d`h fLƒfr eÍ lq|kjd`juk gS\ f¥cj¥ ikVhZ d`h ljd`kjkÍ ustkiku d`ks la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k d`kvuqpj cukd`j j[ fn;k\ gkrks;kek tkiku-vejhd`k lEcU|kÍ d`ks iqu# ifjHkf"r d`jukpkgrs gß\ ;g d`ksbZ vklku d`ke ugÓ gksxk\bruk gh d`fBu d`ke gksxk phu-tkikulEcU|kÍ d`ks u;k Bksl vk|kj iznku d`jusd`h viuh bPNk d`ks okLrfod`rk eÍ cn¥uk\

vfUre iz'u ;g gS fd` D;k blcn¥ko d`ks] ftls dq`N jktuhfrd` i;Z-os{kd`kÍ us ‘jktuhfrd` lqukeh’ d`k ukefn;k gS] dz`kfUr d`gk tk ld`rk gS=tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ fo'ofo»k¥; eÍvUrjkZÆV_h; dw`Vuhfr ds` izksœs`lj iqÆisæ iard`k LiÆV er gS%‘‘dz`kfUr ugÓ gS] tkikueÍ ;g cn¥ko\’’ mud`k ekuuk gS%‘‘njvl¥ tkiku eÍ jktuhfr gks] lektgks ;k vƒZO;oLƒk] cqfu;knh cn¥ko ;kd`ksbZ ubZ æqÔvkr csgn eqf'd`¥ gS\’’izksœs`lj iar ds` vuqlkj tkikuh pfj( ghÔfÈ<;kÍ rƒk ijEijk ls fpids` jgus d`k gS\‘‘tkiku ijEijk d`k iqtkjh rƒk ifjorZud`ks Vk¥us ok¥k gS\’’ rƒk ‘‘d`ÈMok lp;g gS fd` tkikuh tuekul us mxzjkÆV_okn rƒk vgad`kjh uL¥okn d`ks d`Hhiwjh rjg [kfjt ugÓ fd`;k\’’ og ;g Hhd`grs gß fd` ‘‘vR;k|qfud` le>h tkusok¥h tkikuh cgqjkÆV_h; dÈifu;kÍ d`kd`kWiksZjsV d`Ypj Hh lkearh-leqjkbZlaLd`kj d`h uÓo ij gh fVd`k gS\’’ tkikuhtuekul eÍ fd`lh Hh izd`kj d`h dz`kfUr-d`kfjrk ds` vHko d`ks js[kafd`r d`jus ds`lkƒ gh iqÆisæ iar ;g crkuk ugÓ Hw¥rsfd`%‘‘gkrks;kek d`k mu ewY;kÍ] fl*kUrkÍ;k fopkjkÍ ls d`ksbZ cqfu;knh erHsn ugÓgS] ftu ij vc rd` ogk∑ d`h ljd`kjd`ke d`j jgh ƒh\’’ vius blh fo'¥s".ls mUgkÍus fuÆd`"Z fud`k¥k fd` ‘‘dq`¥fe¥kd`j vkæ; ;g gS fd` tkiku ds`gk¥ ds` pquko d`ks fd`lh dz`kfUrd`kjhcn¥ko ds` lw(ikr ds` Ôi eÍ ugÓ ns[ktk ld`rk\’’ izksœs`lj iar ds` fuÆd`"Z fd`llhek rd` lR; gß] bld`k œS`l¥k vkusok¥s fnukÍ eÍ tkiku d`k bfrgkl d`jsxk\

vHh rks bruk gh d`gk tk ld`rk gS fd`tkiku eÍ ‘cn¥ko’ ds` uke ij l®k d`kgLrkUrj. 50 o"Z ds` nh?Zd`k¥ ds` mijkUrgqvk gS\ tkiku d`h turk ‘cn¥ko’ pkgrh

la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k # vœz`hd`h uhfrmlh iqjkuh ¥hd` ij

cjkd` vksckek ds` la;qDr jkT;vejhd`k d`k jkÆV_ifr pqus tkus ij vœz hd`kegk}hi d`h turk eÍ izlUurk d`h ¥gjnkSÈM xbZ ƒh\ mld`h izlUurk nks d`kj.kÍ lsƒh\ ,d`] la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k ds` izƒev'osr jkÆV_ifr d`h tÈMÍ vœz`hd`k egk}hils tqÈMh ƒÓ\ vr# egk}hi ij muds` f¥,‘viuRo’ d`h Hkouk ekStwn ƒh\ nwljs]vœz`hd`k ds` usrk vkSj turk ;g vk'kkd`jrs ƒs fd` ifjorZu ds` ukjs ds` lkƒ l®keÍ vk, vksckek vœz`hd`h jkÆV_kÍ ds` izfriwoZxkeh jkÆV_ifr cqæ d`h opZLooknh uhfrd`ks Hh ifjofrZr d`jÍxs\

vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij cqæ izæklu d`huhfr d`k lkj fuEu æCnkÍ eÍ O;Dr fd`;ktk ld`rk gS%‘‘vœz`hd`k ds` izkd~`frd`lalk|ukÍ d`k nksgu rƒk ogk∑ ij lSfud`vçkÍ d`h Lƒkiuk\’’ vius bl mˆs'; d`hiwfrZ ds` f¥, cqæ ljd`kj }kjk mBk;k x;klcls egRoiw.Z d`ne ƒk%2007 eÍ ‘la;qDrjkT; vejhd`k-vœz`hd`k dèkaM’ d`h Lƒkiuk\vœz`hd`kWe d`h Lƒkiuk ds` ihNs tks mˆs';d`ke d`j jgs ƒs] mUgÍ ÿkbV gkml lstkjh fd`, x, ,d` oDrO; eÍ LiÆV fd`;kx;k ƒk\ ;g mˆs'; rhu ƒs%(i) egk}hiij iztkra( d`ks c¥ iznku d`juk](ii) vœz`hd`k ds` lkƒ la;qDr jkT; vejhd`kds` lqj{kk lg;ksx d`ks lqn~È< d`juk rƒk(iii) vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij la;qDr jkT; ds`fe( jkT;kÍ d`h {kerkvkÍ d`ks vkxs cÈ<kuk\;g ?ksf"r mˆs'; gkƒh ds` fn[kus ds` nk∑rd`h rjg ƒs\ vl¥h mˆs'; ƒk vœz`hd`k dsìzkd~`frd` lalk|ukÍ d`k fu;U(.\ 2003 eÍgh cqæ us ¥{; fu|kZfjr d`j f¥;k ƒk fd`la;qDr jkT; }kjk vk;kfrr rs¥ d`k 25%vœz`hd`k egk}hi ls izkIr d`juk gS\

jkÆV_ifr cuus ls iwoZ gh cjkd` vksckekvœz`hd`k dèk≥M d`h uhfr d`ks Lohd`kj d`jpqds` ƒs\ mud`k ekuuk ƒk fd` ‘‘,slhifjfLƒfr;k∑ vk,axh] tks ek∑x d`jÍxh fd`?krd` æfDr ds` lkƒ vkrad` ds` fo:`*;q* d`jus ds` f¥, vœz`hd`k egk}hi ijla;qDr jkT; vius lg;ksxh jkT;kÍ ds`lkƒ fe¥d`j d`ke d`js\ vœz`hd`k eÍ la?"Zd`jus ok¥h ,d`hd~`r dèkaM ds` gksus lsbl d`ke eÍ lqfo|k gksxh\’’ bl rjgvksckek d`h utj eÍ vœz`hd`k-;w\ ,l\ dèkaM

gS\ u;k ækld` oxZ ‘cn¥ko’ ¥kus ds` f¥,izfrc* gS\ cn¥ko D;k Ôi xzg. d`jrkgS%lrgh vƒok cqfu;knh] og vHh HfoÆ;ds` xHZ eÍ gS\

‘vkrad` ds` fo:* oSf'od` ;q*’ eÍ ,d`gfƒ;kj ds` Ôi eÍ gS\

,slh fLƒfr eÍ d`ksbZ vk'p;Z ugÓ gSfd` vksckek-izæklu us vœz`hd`k dèkaM ds`f¥, vkoafVr |ujkfæ d`ks cÈ<kd`j nksxqukd`j fn;k gS rƒk vœz`hd`k egk}hi ijp¥kbZ tk jgh vkrad` fojks|h ifj;kstukij [pZ d`h tk jgh |ujkfæ eÍ Hh o~f*d`j nh\ ;g d`ne bl n~fÆV ls foæs"egRo j[rk gS fd` bls ml le; mBk;kx;k] tcfd` fo'o ds` vU; HkxkÍ eÍ buenkÍ ij fd`, tk jgs O;; eÍ la;qDr jkT;us Hkjh d`VkSrh d`h gS\

vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij la;qDr jkT; d`hfo®h; lgk;rk ls ¥kHkfUor gksus ok¥sjkT;kÍ eÍ izeq[ jkT; gß%bƒksfi;k] pkMrƒk Hwe÷;js[h; fxuh\ bu rhukÍ gh jkT;kÍeÍ iztkra( ds` Lƒku ij loZl®koknhljd`kjÍ d`ke d`j jgh gß\ ;g rF; la;qDrjkT; ds` ml nkos d`h iks¥ [ks¥ nsrk gS]ftlds` vuqlkj mld`k ¥{; egk}hi ijiztkra( d`ks etcwr d`juk gS\ pkM rƒkfxuh rs¥ mRiknd` jkÆV_ gß rƒk bƒksfi;kvius {ks( eÍ la;qDr jkT; ds` lSfud`larjh d`h Hwfed`k d`k fuoZgu fuÆBkiwoZd`d`j jgk gS\ tgk∑ rd` vkrad` ds` fo:*;q* ls lEcfU|r ifj;kstukvkÍ d`k lEcU|gS] cjkd` vksckek d`h ljd`kj mu ijfoæs" ÷;ku ns jgh gS\ pk¥w o"Z ds` ctVeÍ V_kal-lgkjk d`km≥Vj VsjfjTe ikVZujfæirƒk bZLV vœz`hdù LV_sVsftd` buhfl;sfVouked` ifj;kstukvkÍ ds` f¥, 4 d`jksÈM 20¥k[ MkW¥j vkoafVr fd`, x, gß\ bueÍizƒe ifj;kstuk d`gÓ vf|d` egRoiw.Z gS]mlds` ek÷;e ls la;qDr jkT; d`k tqÈMkopkM] ukbtj] ukbthfj;k] lsusx¥] ek¥h]V;wuhfæ;k] eksjDd`ks] vYthfj;k vkfnjkT;kÍ ds` lkƒ gksrk gS\

jkÆV_ifr vksckek us viuh vœz`hd`kegk}hi d`h ig¥h ;k(k ds` f¥, lksp-le>d`j ?kuk d`ks pquk\ ;g if'pevœz`hd`k eÍ la;qDr jkT; d`h cÈ<rh :fpd`k lwpd` gS\ if'pe vœz`hd`h jkÆV_kÍ ij÷;ku ds`fUnzr d`jus ds` nks eq“; d`kj. gß\,d`] vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij la;qDr jkT; d`hlSfud` xfrfof|;kÍ d`k lapk¥u eq“;r#


ftcwfr (Djibouti) ds` lSfud` vçs ls gksrkgS] tks blh {ks( eÍ gS rƒk nks] vf|d`kaæif'pe vœz`hd`h jkÆV_ rs¥ mRiknd` ,oafu;kZrd` jkÆV_ gß\ ?kuk eÍ Hh O;kolkf;dìSekus ij rs¥ mRiknu vkjEH gks x;k gS\la;qDr jkT; d`h rs¥ mRiknd` {ks( d`ksfu;U(. eÍ j[us d`h uhfr txtkfgj gS\

d`gus d`ks rks vksckek d`h ?kuk ;k(kd`k mˆs'; ‘‘lc-lgkjk vœz`hd`k eÍ viuslokZf|d` fo'oluh; fe( rƒk ikVZuj ds`lkƒ vejhd`k ds` fj'rkÍ d`ks etcwr d`jukgS\’’ fdÙrq okLrfod` mˆs'; vœz`hd`kWe d`kegk}hi ij eq“;k¥; Lƒkfir d`jus gsrqvçk rƒk mlds` lEes¥u ds` f¥, estckujkÆV_ d`h r¥kæ d`juk rƒk ?kuk d`ks bldsf¥, rS;kj d`juk gS\ ;w\ ,l\-vœz`hd`hdèkaM vHh rd` vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij ugÓigq∑p ld`h gS] D;kÍfd` d`ksbZ Hh vœz`hd`hjkÆV_ mld`h estckuh ds` f¥, rS;kj ugÓgqvk gS\ cqæ izæklu us Hjiwj iz;klukbthfj;k d`ks vœz`hd`kWe ds` lkƒ tksÈMusds` f¥, fd`;k] fdÙrq lœ`¥ ugÓ gq,\vœz`hd`k d`h jktuhfr ij utj j[us ok¥si;Zos{kd`kÍ d`k ekuuk gS fd` vksckek d`h?kuk ;k(k d`k mˆs'; ml jkÆV_ d`ksvœz`hd`kWe d`k fgLlk cuus ds` f¥, rS;kjd`juk gS\ lEHkouk ;gh gS fd` ?kuk eÍ

foæs"r# mi;ksxh v÷;;u lkexzh

gj eghus ifÈ<,ewY; # 35/-

● E-mail : [email protected]● Website : www.upkar.in

Code No. 1638 Rs. 90/-

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fgUnh laLd`j. vaxzsth laLd`j.

Code No. 560 Rs. 90/-

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êq[ vkd`"Z.êq[ vkd`"Z.êq[ vkd`"Z.d`ksM 1493 ewY; # 215/-

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la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k 2·0 1·0 – 3·0 1·8 2·5

tkiku 2·3 – 0·7 – 6·8 1·0 2·0

phu 13·0 9·0 6·5 7·5 8·5

Hkjr 9·0 6·1 5·1 8·0 8·5

nf”. v≠`hd`k 5·1 3·1 – 1·5 2·6 4·1

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fo'o 3·8 1·9 – 2·9 2·0 3·2

lzksr% fo'o cßd` # oSf'od` fod`kl fo® fjiksVZ – 2009

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oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ds` f¥,m®jnk;h d`kj.

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☛ dètksj fuosæ fu.Z;u\☛ uhph okLrfod` C;kt njkÍ ,oa i;kZIr

rj¥rk ds` ckjs eÍ vfr fo'okl rƒklq[kHkl\

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oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ls fuiVusds` f¥, fod`flr ,oa fod`klæh¥

nsækÍ d`h ^kƒfed`rk,a☛ ?js¥w m|kj nsus d`h ^f∂`;k rƒk iw∑th

ds` vUrjkZÆV_h; ôkg d`ks tkjh j[usd`k G–20 lewg d`k vk'oklu\

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(Boom) eÍ Nqik gS\2003–04 d`h rsth ds` rRo%☛ vkSlr oSf'od` fod`kl nj%5·0 ^frær ·1970 ds` næd` ds` ckn ls lokZf|d` iks".h;

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vfHuohd`j.fo®h; lad`V d`h mRif® ds` vU; d`kjd`%☛ fofu;ked` laLƒkvkÍ ds` lad`V d`ks le>us eÍ vlœ`¥rk\☛ ‘Nk;k cß¯d`x ^.k¥h’ (Shadow Banking System).

☛ cßd`kÍ ds` Lo;a ds` ewY;kadùkÍ ij fofu;ksxd`kÍ d`h vfrfuHZjrk\fo®h; lad`V d`k ^kjEH%☛ la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k ds` vkokl ”s( eÍ oSf'od` vkfLr d`herkÍ eÍ o~f* ·la;qâ`` jkT;

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vusd` fo®h; laLƒkukÍ d`ks la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k d`h lc–^kbe vkfLr;kÍ eÍ Hkjh gkfu\☛ ekftZu ek∑x d`ks iwjk d`jus ds` f¥, fo®h; laLƒkukÍ }kjk vkfLr;kÍ d`h |ÈMk|ÈM fc∂`h\☛ ?kVs d`ks iwjk d`jus rƒk ¥xkrkj fxjrs iw∑th vuqikrkÍ d`ks cuk, j[us ds` f¥, cßd`kÍ

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fo®h; lekosæu rƒk lekosæhfod`kl

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æs" i~ÆB 692 d`k

mi;qZâ` mik;kÍ ds` ckn Hh |hjs–|hjsfod`flr nsækÍ ds` fo®h; lad`V ds` ^Hkofod`klæh¥ ,oa fu|Zu nsækÍ ij ifj¥f”rgksus ¥xs\ ;g lad`V fuEuf¥f[r ekxksÛ lsgksrs gq, fod`klæh¥ rƒk fu|Zu vƒZO;o-LƒkvkÍ rd` igq∑pk\☛ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`h leqnzikjh;

fo®h; vkfLr;kÍ ds` v¿;Z (Value) eÍHkjh fxjkoV vkafæd` Ôi eÍ O;qRiUud`kÍds` d`kjksckj eÍ futh ”s(d` d`h gkfu;kÍds` }kjk«

☛ fonsæh cßd`kÍ }kjk m|kj fn, tkus]vUrjkZÆV_h; iw∑th cktkjkÍ rƒk fonsæh^R;” fuosæ rd` fod`klæh¥ ,oafu|Zu nsækÍ d`h igq∑p mY¥s[uh; Ôils [jkc gksrh xbZ«

☛ fod`klæh¥ rƒk fu|Zu nsækÍ ds` fu;kZrkÍds` ifjek. rƒk d`herkÍ eÍ fxjkoV«

☛ oLrq fu;kZrkÍ ij vR;f|d` fuHZjrk]pk¥w [krs ds` ?kVs rƒk cÈMs iSekus ijfonsæh )`.kÍ ds` cks> ok¥s nsækÍ ijlad`V d`k vf|d` ^Hko\

lad`V ls cpus ds` mik;;g rF; LiÆV Ôi ls Lohd`kj fd`;k

tkus ¥xk gS fd` cktkjh æfâ`;kÍ d`ksvR;f|d` ;k iw.ZÔi ls [q¥k NksÈÈM nsuk ghvf|d`re d`Y;k. d`k »ksrd` ugÓ gS\tksfd` iSjsVks vuqdw`¥re d`h ekU;rk gS\ bl^d`kj ds` lad`V ls fuiVus d`h lokZf|d`læâ` j.uhfr fofu;ked` <k∑ps d`ks vR;f|dètcwr cukus rƒk mls lkafof|d` æfâ`;kÍls ¥Sl fd`, tkus d`h gks ld`rh gS\ fod`kl-æh¥ rƒk fu|Zu nsækÍ d`ks viuh vkfƒZd`fLƒfr d`ks ÷;ku eÍ j[d`j gh uhfr;kÍ d`ksviukuk pkfg,\ mPp vk; oxZ nsækÍ d`kva|kuqd`j. d`Hh Hh ?krd` gks ld`rk gStSlk fd` orZeku eÍ gks jgk gS\ ●●●


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vUrjkZÆV_h; lEcU| ¥s[

la;qDr jkÆV_ la? # laxBu ,oa d`k;Z

^ƒe fo'o ;q* (1914 –18) d`hfoHhf"d`k ls (Lr gks d`j fo'o ds` jkÆV_kÍus ækfUr o lqj”k Lƒkfir d`jus ds` f¥,fe¥d`j jkÆV_ la? d`k fuekZ. fd`;k ƒk] tksvius mˆs'; eÍ vlœ`¥ jgs vkSj 20 o"ksÛds` ckn gh nwljs fo'o ;q* (1939–45)d`h foHhf"d`k ls fo'o d`ks iqu# jâ`jaftrgksuk iÈMk\ bl jâ`jaftr bfrgkl dsìqujkorZu ls fo'o d`ks cpkus ds` f¥, fo'od`h rRd`k¥hu egkæfâ`;kÍ us f}rh; fo'o;q* d`h lekfIr ds` iwoZ gh ^;kl æqÔ d`jfn;k ƒk\ la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k ds` lsu-≠`kaflLd`ks uxj eÍ tuojh 1942 d`ks fczVsu]lksfo;r la?] phu rƒk vU; 26 fe(jkÆV_kÍ ds` ^frfuf|;kÍ d`k ,d` lEes¥u gqvkftleÍ ;g fu.Z; gqvk fd` ;s jkÆV_ lfEef¥rgksd`j |qjh jkÆV_kÍ d`k lkeuk d`jÍxs\ bllaxBu d`ks la;qâ` jkÆV_ vƒok ;wukbVsMusæUl d`k uke vejhd`k ds` rRd`k¥hujkÆV_ifr ‘≠Í`d`f¥u Mh ÔtosYV’ ds` }kjk^nku fd`;k x;k\ 1 twu] 1945 d`ks lsu-≠`kaflLd`ks eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_kÍ d`k lEes¥u gqvkrks blds` lnL;kÍ d`h la“;k 50 gks pqd`hƒh\ bl lEes¥u eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` ?ks".k-i( d`ks vfUre Ôi fn;k x;k vkSj la;qâ`jkÆV_ d`h vkSipkfjd` Lƒkiuk blds` vLƒk;heq“;k¥; ¥sd` lSDlsl vejhd`k eÍ gqbZ\vf|d`kj-i( ij 50 jkÆV_kÍ ds` ^frfuf|;kÍ}kjk 26 twu] 1945 d`ks gLrk”j fd`, x,\vkf|d`kfjd` Ôi ls la;qâ` jkÆV_ laa? 24vDVwcj] 1945 d`ks vfLrRo eÍ vk;k] rcblds` lnL;kÍ d`h la“;k 51 ƒh\ 1946 lsla;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k ^|ku d`k;kZ¥; U;w;kWdZèÍ gS\ orZeku eÍ blds` lnL; nsækÍ d`h la“;k192 gS\

la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h vkf|d`kfjd`Hk"k,a

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la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h lnL;rkla;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` pkVZj eÍ nks ^d`kj d`h

lnL;rk d`k mY¥s[ fe¥rk gS\ ^ƒe osnsæ tks ^kjfEHd` lnL; gß ftUgkÍus1`tuojh] 1942 d`ks la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` ?ks".k

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lnL;kÍ d`k fu¥EcupkVZj ds` vuqPNsn 6 ds` vuqlkj ;fn

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gS%1. lkewfgd` O;oLƒk }kjk vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr ,oa lqj”k d`k;e j[uk vkSj vk∂`ked`

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vaxkÍ eÍ ls lcls cÈMk vkSj egRoiw.Z vaxgS\ egklHk ds` fo"; eÍ fofHUu fo}kukÍ usd`gk gS%

vkbds`¥ cxZj%∏;g fo'o d`k mUeqâ`vUr#d`j. gS\π

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d`h laKk nh ƒh\πla;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` leLr lnL;kÍ d`ks

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er gksrk gS\ pkgs og d`ksbZ cÈMk jkT; gks ;kNksVk jkT; gks\ egRoiw.Z ^'ukÍ ij egklHkds` fu.Z; mifLƒr ,oa ernku d`jus ok¥slnL;kÍ ds` nks-frgkbZ cgqer ls gkÍxs vkSjvU; ^'ukÍ ij fu.Z; mifLƒr ,oa ernkud`jus ok¥s lnL;kÍ ds` lk|kj. cgqer }kjkfd`;k tk,xk\

egklHk ds` d`k;Z1. ,sfPNd` d`k;Z%blds` vUrxZr ækfUr

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NksVh vlsEc¥h1947 eÍ lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ Lƒk;h lnL;kÍ

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lqj”k ifj"nΩ # laxBu ,oa Hwfed`kjkÆV_ la? ds` vuqHokÍ us la;qâ` jkÆV_

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fu"s|kf|d`kjfu"s|kf|d`kj d`k ^Lrko lcls ig¥s

vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr ÔtosYV us ;kYVk fæ[jlEes¥u eÍ j[k ƒk\ fu"s|kf|d`kj d`k vk|kj;g fopkj ƒk fd` m®jnkf;Ro rƒk vf|d`kjijLij lEcfU|r gksus pkfg,\ ;g ew¥r#nks |kj.kvkÍ ij vk|kfjr gS\ ^ƒe fd`fd`lh Hh læL( d`k;Zokgh eÍ mud`k Hkj^|kur# egkæfâ`;kÍ d`ks ogu d`juk iÈMsxk\ifj.keLoÔi ifj"nΩ ds` bu lnL;kÍ ls;g vkæk d`juk vO;kogkfjd` gksxk fd` osviuh lsukvkÍ d`ks mu d`k;Zokfg;kÍ ds` f¥,^nku d`jÍxs ftuds` fd` fojks| eÍ os gß\nwljk la? d`ks viuh æfâ` ds` f¥,egkæfâ`;kÍ ds` ijLij lg;ksx ij fuHZjjguk pkfg,\ ;fn og lg;ksx vi;kZIr jgrkgS\ rc læL( lqj”k lEcU|h O;oLƒk,a Hhvo'; gh vlœ`¥ gks tk,axh\

loZ^ƒe fu"s|kf|d`kj d`k ^;ksx 16œ`jojh] 1946 d`ks lksfo;r la? us fd`;k ƒk\


nksgjk fu"s|kf|d`kj (Double VetoPower)%la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` pkVZj ^f∂`;klEcU|h vkSj egRoiw.Z fo";kÍ eÍ Hsn rksd`jrk gS] ijUrq mld`h LiÆV O;k“;k ugÓd`jrk gS\ ^f∂`;k lEcU|h eke¥kÍ ds vfrfjâ`fd`lh Hh fo"; eÍ fu.Z; ds` le; Lƒk;hlnL;kÍ eÍ ls d`ksbZ Hh ud`kjkRed` er^nku d`j ld`rk gS vkSj bl ^d`kj fu.Z;¥sus ls jksd`rk gS\ ;g æfâ` ig¥h ohVks d`hæfâ` d`g¥krh gS\ nwljs ohVks d`k ^'u mlle; mBrk gS] tcfd` lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`ks;g r; d`juk gksrk gS fd` fo"; ^f∂`;klEcU|h gS ;k ugÓ\ ;g d`k;Z fof|d` ugÓgS vr# bl ij fu.Z; ¥srs oâ` 9 lnL;kÍds` er Hh lfEef¥r gksrs gß\ bl ^'u ds`fu|kZj. eÍ Lƒk;h lnL; nwljs ohVks(Second Veto) d`k ^;ksx d`j ld`rs gß\nksgjh ohVks æfâ` ds` d`kj. egkæfâ`;kÍ d`ks,slh æfâ` ^kIr gks tkrh gS ftlds` }kjk oslqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h fd`lh Hh d`k;Zokgh d`ksjnΩn d`jok ld`rh gS\

fu"s|kf|d`kj d`h vk¥kspuk%ohVks d`hO;oLƒk ds` d`kj. lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ cÈMsjkÆV_kÍ d`k vkf|iR; te x;k gS vkSj cgqerd`k d`ksbZ egÂo ugÓ jgk x;k gS\ ohVks ds`^;ksx ls lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`k d`ksbZ Hh Lƒk;hlnL; fd`lh Hh d`k;Zokgh d`ks foœ`¥ d`jld`rk gS vkSj fo'o ¥ksdèr d`h mis”k d`jld`rk gS\ ohVks ds` d`kj. lqj”k ifj"nΩækfUr vkSj lqj”k d`h O;oLƒk d`ks iwjkd`jus] ohVks egkæfâ`;kÍ d`h fujadq`ærk d`hLoPNUnrk d`k ifj.ke gS\ blds` lEcU| eÍf(Xos¥h us d`gk%∏ohVks ds` d`kj. la;qâ`jkÆV_ la? uiaqld` gS\ ;g egkæfâ`;kÍ ds`la?"Z }kjk i”ikr xzLr d`j fn;k x;kgS\π

fu"s|kf|d`kj d`h vko';d`rk%lqj”kifj"nΩ ls ohVks d`h O;oLƒk d`ks gVk nsus lsleL;k d`k lek|ku ugÓ gks ld`rk gS\la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h lœ`¥rk ds` f¥, ;gvR;Ur vko';d` gS fd` ækfUr ,oa lqj”kd`h Lƒkiuk ds` f¥, egkæfâ`;kÍ ds` chpikjLifjd` lg;ksx gks\ egkæfâ`;kÍ ds`lg;ksx ds` fcuk lkewfgd` O;oLƒk lEHougÓ gS\ ohVks d`bZ ckj vUrjkZÆV_h; fooknkÍds` ækfUriw.Z g¥ d`jus eÍ ojnku Hh fl*gqvk gS\ ohVks d`k ^;ksx cÈMh æfâ`;k∑ ,d`-nwljs ij vadq æ cuk, j[us ds f¥, d`jrhgß\ ohVks la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h leLr d`k;Zokfg;kÍd`ks ^Hkfor ugÓ d`jrk\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`hfoæs" ,tsfUl;k∑ vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥;] U;klifj"nΩ] vkfƒZd` rƒk lkekftd` ifj"nΩ ,oaegklHk eÍ ohVks d`h O;oLƒk ugÓ gS\ ;fnge ohVks jfgr lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h d`Yiukd`jÍ rks geÍ vkHkl gksxk fd` fd`lh cÈMsvæqH d`ks jksdùs ds` f¥, NksVs væqH ds`

Ôi eÍ ohVks d`h ,d` vko';d`rk gS\ blds`vfrfjâ` ækfUr ds` f¥, ,d`rk ^LrkoLohÎ`r gksus ,oa ¥?q vlsEc¥h d`h Lƒkiukls ohVks d`k egRo xkS. iÈM x;k gS\ vcohVks d`k ^Hko eq“; Ôi ls lnL;rk ds`lEcU| eÍ jg x;k gS ftlls la;qâ` jkÆV_la? d`k d`ksbZ d`ke :d` ugÓ ld`rk\ ohVksds` d`k;e jgrs gq, Hh egklHk }kjk cgqrls d`kekÍ d`ks lEiUu d`jk;k tk ld`rk gS\

U;kl ifj"nΩla;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` pkVZj ds` 8oÍ

v÷;k; eÍ U;kl ifj"nΩ ds` ckjs eÍ f¥[kgqvk gS\ pkVZj ds` vuqPNsn 75 ds` vuqlkjla;qâ` jkÆV_ vius vf|d`kj ”s( ds` vUrxZrU;kl ^nsækÍ ds ^æklu vkSj fu;a(. ds` f¥,,d` vUrjkZÆV_h; U;kl O;oLƒk Lƒkfird`jsxk] tks le>kSrkÍ }kjk lEikfnr gksxh\pkVZj ds` vuqlkj U;kl i*fr ds` pkjmˆs'; gß%1. vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr vkSj lqj”k d`ks

cÈ<kuk\2. ¥ksxkÍ d`h jktuhfrd`] vkfƒZd`]

lkekftd` vkSj fæ”k lEcU|h mUufreÍ lg;ksx nsuk] Loæklu ;k LorU(rkds` ∂`fed` fod`kl eÍ lgk;rk nsuk\

3. tkfr] ¯¥x] lcds` f¥, ekuoh;vf|d`kjkÍ vkSj eww¥ LorU(rkvkÍ ds`^fr vkLƒk cÈ<kuk vkSj mueÍ ;gHko txkuk fd` lalkj ds` lc ¥ksx,d`-nwljs ij fuHZj gß\

4. lkekftd`] vkfƒZd` vkSj okf.T;lEcU|h eke¥kÍ eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? dslnL;kÍ ds` vkSj muds` ukxfjd`kÍ ds`^fr lekurk ds` O;ogkj d`k fo'oklfn¥kuk\la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? us jkÆV_ la? d`h es≥MsV

O;oLƒk ds` Lƒku ij U;kl i*fr d`ks xzg.fd`;k vkSj mlds` lapk¥u ds` f¥, U;kllfefr d`k fuekZ. fd`;k\ U;kl i*fr d`kew¥ fl*kUr ;g gS fd` bl le; dq`NfiNÈMs gq, vYifod`flr vkSj vkfne nækok¥s ^nsækÍ ds` fuoklh bl ;ksX; ugÓ gßfd` os vius nsæ d`k æklu Lo;a d`j ldÍ`\bUgÍ nwljs fod`flr vkSj mUur nsækÍ d`hlgk;rk visf”r gS\ l˙; nsækÍ d`k ;gnkf;Ro gS fd` os muds` fod`kl eÍ iwjh lgk;rknÍ vkSj tc rd` ;s viuk æklu Lo;a d`juseÍ leƒZ ugÓ gks tkrs] rc rd` bud`h vkSjmuds` fgrkÍ d`h ns[Hk¥ bUgÍ U;kl ;kvekur le>rs gq, d`jÍ\ bu æfDr;kÍ }kjk;g d`k;Z la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` fu;a(. eÍgksuk pkfg,\ la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h U;kli*fr d`k ”s( mifuosæokn vkSj lkezkT;-okn }kjk ijk|hu cuk, x, lHh ”s(kÍ ds`f¥, gS\

U;kl ifj"nΩ d`ks vius mˆs';kÍ eÍviwoZ lœ`¥rk fe¥h gS\ ifj"nΩ d`h lclscÈMh mi¥fC| gS fd` vf|d`kaæ U;kl ^nsæ15–20 o"ksÛ d`h vYi vof| eÍ gh LorU(gks x,\ orZeku eÍ U;kl ifj"nΩ d`k d`k;Z¥xHx lekIr gks x;k gS\

lfpok¥;lfpok¥; la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k ,d`

^æklfud` vax gS\ ;g ,d` Lƒk;h laLƒk gSftld`k d`ke fujUrj p¥rk jgrk gS\lfpok¥; eÍ egklfpo vkSj vU; dèZpkjhgksrs gß\ egklfpo d`h fu;qfâ` 5 o"ksÛ ds` f¥,lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h flœ`kfjæ ij egklHk}kjk gksrh gS\

;g la? d`k eq“; ^æklfud` vf|d`kjhgksrk gS\ egklHk }kjk cuk, x, fofu;ekÍ ds`vuqlkj egklfpo lfpok¥; ds` dèZpkfj;kÍd`h fu;qfâ` d`jrk gS\ lfpok¥; la;qâ` jkÆV_d`k ,d` o~gr ^æklfud` rU( gS] ftlsvkB Hkxks eÍ laxfBr fd`;k gS% (1) lqj”kifj"nΩ lEcU|h d`k;ksÛ d`k foHkx] (2) vkfƒZd`foHkx] (3) lkekftd` d`k;ksÛ d`k foHkx](4) U;kl ,oa Loækflrs®j ”s(kÍ eÍ lwpukfoHkx] (5) lkoZtfud` lwpuk foHkx](6) lEes¥u rƒk fo®h; lsok foHkx](7) ^æklfud` rƒk fo®h; lsok foHkx](8) fof| foHkx\

vkfƒZd` rƒk lkekftd` ifj"nΩvUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr dsò¥ jktuhfrd`

fooknkÍ ds` lek|ku ij gh fuHZj ugÓ d`jrhgS ojuΩ vUrjkZÆV_h; vkfƒZd`] lkekftd`vkSj mlls lEcfU|r vU; leL;kvkÍ ds`lEcU| eÍ mfpr vkSj ^Hkoiw.Z d`k;Zokghij gh fuHZj d`jrh gS\ jktuhfrd` fLƒjrkds` vfrfjâ` lkekftd` fLƒjrk vkSjvkfƒZd` lUrks" Hh vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr vkSjlqj”k d`h Lƒkiuk ds` f¥, tÔjh gS\ ^kjEHeÍ bl ifj"nΩ eÍ 18 lnL; gksrs ƒs\ le;–le; ij pkVZj e Í laæks|u d`j blds`lnL;kÍ d`h la“;k eÍ o~f* d`h xbZ\ orZekueÍ vkfƒZd` ,oa lkekftd` ifj"nΩ d`hlnL; la“;k 54 gks xbZ gS\ ;g ,d` Lƒk;hlaLƒk gS] ijUrq blds` ,d`-frgkbZ lnL;^fro"Z in eqâ` gksrs jgrs gß\ R;sd` lnL;d`h vof| 3 o"Z gksrh gS] ijUrq vod`kæxzg. d`jus ok¥k lnL; iqu# fuokZfpr gksld`rk gS\ ifj"nΩ eÍ ^R;sd` lnL; d`ksdsò¥ ,d` er nsus d`k vf|d`kj gksrk gS\bleÍ fu.Z; mifLƒr ,oa ernku eÍ Hkx¥sus ok¥s lnL;kÍ ds` lk|kj. cgqer }kjkf¥, tkrs gß\ egklHk d`h Hk∑fr lnL;jkT;kÍ eÍ ls gh ,d` lnL; bld`k lHkifrfuokZfpr gksrk gS\

vkfƒZd` vkSj lkekftd` ifj"nΩ gj lk¥5 lIrkg d`k ,d` egRoiw.Z l( vk;ksftr


egklfpola;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` egklfpo d`h fu;qfâ` lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h laLrqfr ij egklHk }kjk

d`h tkrh gS\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` ^æklfud` d`k;ksÛ ds` m®jnkf;Ro ds` vfrfjâ` egklfpo d`ksdq`N jktuhfrd` æfâ`;k∑ Hh ^kIr gß\ vuqPNsn 99 ds` rgrΩ tc egklfpo d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h;ækfUr vkSj lqj”k ds` ^fr ;fn fd`lh ^d`kj d`h vkæad`k mRiUu gksrh gS] rks egklfpo mlvksj lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`k ÷;ku vkd`f"Zr d`jk ld`rk gS\ egklfpo] la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` f∂`;k-d`¥kikÍ d`h okf"Zd` fjiksVZ Hh rS;kj d`jrk gS rƒk egRoiw.Z eqnΩnkÍ ij c¥ nsrk gS\ mu ijvius fopkj O;â` d`jrk gS rƒk leqfpr laLrqfr;k∑ Hh d`jrk gS\ vkt d`h cn¥rh gqbZfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ egklfpo d`k in jktuhfrd` vf|d` gks x;k gS\ ftlds` ihNs vf|d`kj ;qâ` pkVZjêq[ Ôi ls m®jnk;h ekuk tk ld`rk gS\ vuqPNsn 100 ds` rgrΩ og vius d`®ZO;kÍ d`kfuokZg d`jrs le; vU; vUrjkZÆV_h; laxBukÍ ls vko';d`rk iÈMus ij lg;ksx Hh ^kIr d`jld`rk gS\

egklfpo laLƒk d`k eq“; ^æklfud` vf|d`kjh gksrk gS bl gSfl;r ls egklfpoegklHk] lqj”k ifj"nΩ] vkfƒZd` rƒk lkekftd` ifj"nΩ rƒk U;kl ifj"nΩ d`h lHh cSBd`kÍ eÍHkx ¥srk gS rƒk og lHh d`k;Z lEikfnr d`jrk gS] tks bu vaxkÍ }kjk bls lkSis tkrs gß\egklfpo laLƒk ds` d`k;Z d`h okf"Zd` fjiksVZ egklHk d`ks ^sf"r d`jrk gS\ vU; vaxkÍ }kjk lkßisx, rdùhd`h d`k;ksÛ d`ks Hh egklfpo lEikfnr d`jrk gS\ egklfpo ij la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`kfo®h; m®jnkf;Ro Hh gS\ ctV d`k lapk¥u lqpk: Ôi ls gks jgk ;k ugÓ bld`k lEiw.Zm®jnkf;Ro egklfpo ij gksrk gS\ og la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h lHh fuf|;kÍ d`k vfHj”d` gS vksjmuds` O;; ds` f¥, m®jnk;h gß\ egklfpo la? ds` ^frfuf| ds` Ôi eÍ d`k;Z d`jrk gS\ fofHUuvfHd`j.kÍ ,oa ljd`kjkÍ ds` lkƒ okrkZvkÍ eÍ og la? d`k ^frfuf|Ro d`jrk gS vkSj la? d`hvksj ls d`jrk gS\

vkt ds` ifj^s{; eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` egklfpo d`k in fnu-^frfnu jktuhfrd` gksrktk jgk gS] D;kÍfd` ,d` vksj la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` lnL;kÍ eÍ vR;Ur lc¥ lnL; gS] rks dq`NvR;Ur fucZ¥ dq`N vR;f|d` le~*æk¥h gS] rks dq`N vR;Ur dètksj\ ,slh fLƒfr egklfpo;fn vius jktuf;d` foosd` d`k ^;ksx u d`js rks og la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` ew¥ mˆs';kÍ d`h^kfIr ls HVd` ld`rk gS\ vr# ;fn ^æklfud` d`k;ksÛ eÍ mld`h Hwfed`k ,d` vkjEHd` tSlh gS]rks jktuhfrd` ”s( eÍ mld`h Hwfed`k e÷;Lr okrkZd`rkZ vkSj erSD; fuekZrk ds` leku gS\

la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` egklfpo

egklfpokÍ ds` uke lEcfU|r nsæ le;f(Xos¥h ukosZ 1946 – 53

Msx gSej lksYM LohMu 1953 – 61

;wƒkaV E;kaekj 1961 – 71

dq`rZ okYnghe vkfLV_;k 1972 – 81

tsfo;j isjsl fM D;w¥j isÔ 1982 – 91

cqrjl cqrjl ?k¥h felz 1992 – 96

d`ksœ`h vUuku ?kuk 1997 – 2006

cku d`h-ewu n\ d`ksfj;k 2007 ls vc rd`

d`jrh gS\ bu l(kÍ d`k ckjh–ckjh ls U;w;kWdZ`vkSj tsusok eÍ vk;kstu gksrk gS\ blds`vfrfjâ` ;g U;w;kWdZ` eÍ nks laxBukRed`l(kÍ d`k Hh vk;kstu d`jrh gS\ eq“; l(ds` nkSjku ,d` mPpLrjh; cSBd` vk;ksftrd`h tkrh gS ftleÍ efU(;kÍ ds` lkƒ ofjÆBvf|d`kjh Hh Hkx ¥srs gß\ bl cSBd` eÍegRoiw.Z vkfƒZd` lkekftd` eqnΩnkÍ ij ppkZd`h tkrh gS\

vkfƒZd` vkSj lkekftd` ifj"nΩvUrjkZÆV_h;] vkfƒZd`] lkekftd`] lkaLÎ`frd`]æSf”d`] LokLF; rƒk lEcfU|r eke¥kÍ ijv÷;;u d`j ld`rh gS rƒk bl fo"; eÍegklHk la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` lnL;kÍ rƒkfofæÆV vfHd`j.kÍ d`ks fjiksVZ ns ld`rh gS\vuqPNsn 65 ds` vuqlkj ;g egklHk d`hflœ`kfjækÍ ds` f∂`;kUo;u ds` lEcU| eÍ ,sls

d`k;Z d`j ld`rh gS] tks mld`h vf|d`kfjrkeÍ vkrs gks vkSj og mu nwljs lHh d`k;ksÛd`ks d`j ld`rh gS] tks la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds`pkVZj eÍ vU;( fn, x, gß vƒok egklHk}kjk mls lkßis x, gß\ vkfƒZd` ,oalkekftd` ifj"nΩ ds` êq[ d`k;ksÛ eÍ ls ,d`fofHUu fofæÆV vfHd`j.kÍ d`h xfrfof|;kÍeÍ leUo; d`juk Hh gS\ oLrqr# xjhckÍ]?k;¥kÍ rƒk vfæf”rkÍ d`h lgk;rk d`jds`vkfƒZd` ,oa lkekftd` ifj"nΩ fo'o ækfUrd`h Lƒkiuk eÍ lgk;rk d`jrh gS\ ;g lHh^d`kj ds` ¥ksxkÍ ds` thou eÍ lq|kj d`jusd`k ^;Ru d`jrh gS\

vkfƒZd` vkSj lkekftd` ifj"nΩ usvusd` ”s(kÍ eÍ ljkguh; d`k;Z fd`;k gS\foæs"r# blds` rƒk fofæÆV lfefr;kÍ ds`rRoko|ku eÍ ,fæ;k] v≠`hd`k vkSj ¥SfVu

vejhd`k ds` fiNÈMs gq, nsækÍ d`ks nh xbZrdùhd`h lgk;rk rƒk ekuoh; vf|d`kjkÍd`h ?ks".k bld`h êq[ lœ`¥rk,a ekuhtkrh gß\ ;g laLƒk d`Y;k.d`kjh laLƒk cuknsrh gS\ æj.kfƒZ;kÍ jkT;foghu O;fâ`;kÍ]Vs_M ;wfu;ukÍ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ] nklrk rƒkcsxkj tSlh lekt fojks|h d`k;Zokfg;kÍ ijifj"nΩ }kjk ^Lrqr fopkj–foeæZ gksrk jgrkgS\ ifj"nΩ us vius ,d` ^Lrko }kjk fd`lhHh jkÆV_h; uL¥h; rƒk |kfeZd` leqnk; d`ksiw.Zr;k lekIr d`jus ds` ^;kl d`ks voS|?ksf"r d`j fn;k gS\ vkfƒZd` ,oa ^kof|d`lgk;rk rƒk ;kstukvkÍ ls fiNÈMs gq, jkÆV_kÍd`k fod`kl bl ifj"nΩ d`k mˆs'; gS\ ;gvko';d` mid`j.kÍ] ;U(kÍ] eæhukÍ] HoukÍ]lÈMd`kÍ ,oa canjxkgkÍ d`ks mi¥C| d`jkd`jO;kikj m»ksx rƒk Î`f" d`h mUufr eÍlg;ksx nsrh gS\ ;»fi bls vkfƒZd` ,oalkekftd` fo";kÍ ij fo|ku cukus d`h ”erk^kIr ugÓ gS\ rƒkfi blus ekuo tkfr ds`mRƒku ,oa mls lq[h thou ^nku d`jusd`h fnæk eÍ ^æaluh; d`k;Z fd`;k gS\ la;qâ`jkÆV_ ck¥ fuf|] la;qâ` jkÆV_ æj.kƒhZ fuf|]rdùhd`h lgk;rk lfefr] ;wjksi ds` f¥,vkfƒZd` vk;ksx] ,fæ;k o lqnwjiwoZ ds` f¥,vkfƒZd` vk;ksx] ¥SfVu vejhd`k ds` f¥,vkfƒZd` vk;ksx] v≠`hd`k ds` f¥, vkfƒZd`vk;ksx] la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`ksfj;kbZ iqufuZekZ.vfHd`j. vkSj vkfƒZd` fod`kl ds` f¥,foæs" fuf| lcus lEiw.Z fo'o d`h vkfƒZd`,oa lkekftd` mUufr ds` f¥, egkuΩ;ksxnku fn;k gS\

vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥;la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` fofHUu fud`k;kÍ eÍ

vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`k egRoiw.Z LƒkugS\ ;g la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k vfHUu vaxgS\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` lHh lnL; vUrjkZÆV_h;U;k;k¥; ds` lnL; gksrs gß\ vUrjkZT;h;fooknkÍ d`ks lq¥>kus ds` vfrfjâ` ;g ,dìjkeæZnk;h d`k;Z Hh d`jrk gS\ bld`keq“;k¥; gsx ·uhnj¥S≥M‚ eÍ gS\ bls fo'od`k loksZPp U;k;k¥; ugÓ ekuk tk ld`rk\tc rd` fd`lh fo"; eÍ vU;ƒk visf”r ugks rc rd` blds` fu.Z; Hh vfuok;Z Ôils ck÷;d`kjh ugÓ gksrs gß\ blds` lkƒ ghd`ksbZ Hh nsæ viuk fookn blds` le”j[us ds` f¥, ck÷; ugÓ gS\

vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`h Lƒkiuk gsxeÍ 3 v^S¥] 1946 d`ks gqbZ ƒh\ vUrjkZÆV_h;U;k;k¥; d`k lafo|ku 70 vuqPNsnkÍ eÍ gS\la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h |kjk 92 ds` vuqlkjvUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`k xBu gqvk\vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`h ttkÍ d`h la“;k15 j[h xbZ gS\ ;s U;k;k|hæ vius eÍ lsgh ,d` lHkifr rƒk milHkifr d`ks 3 o"Zds` f¥, pqurs gß\ U;k;k|hækÍ d`k pquko


lqj”k ifj"nΩ rƒk egklHk }kjk 9 o"Z ds`f¥, fd`;k tkrk gS\ U;k;k|hækÍ d`ks vusd`foæs"kf|d`kj lkßis tkrs gß\ U;k;k¥; ds`lEeq[ okfn;kÍ ds` ^frfuf| ijkeæZnkrkvkSj od`h¥kÍ d`ks Hh LorU(rkiwoZd` d`k;Zd`jus d`h NwV nh tkrh gS\ U;k;k¥; d`hx.iwfrZ 9 j[h xbZ gS\ U;k;k¥; ds` lHhfu.Z; cgqer ls f¥, tkrs gß\ cgqer ugksus ij lHkifr d`k fu.kZ;d` er ekU; gksrkgS\ U;k;k¥; d`h Hk"k ≠ß`p rƒk vaxzsth gS\U;k;k¥; ds` le” ^Lrqr eqd`nekÍ eÍ oknhvkSj ^froknh dsò¥ jkÆV_ gh gks ld`rs gß\U;k;k¥; d`k [pZ lnL; nsæ nsrs gß\ [pZd`k fd`ruk fgLlk fd`l nsæ d`k nsuk gS ;gegklHk r; d`jrh gS\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? dsòkf"Zd` ctV eÍ U;k;k¥; d`k ctV HhlfEef¥r jgrk gS\ ;»fi U;k;k¥; d`kLƒk;h d`k;kZ¥; gsx eÍ gS\ rƒkfi eqd`nesd`h lquokbZ nwljs nsæ eÍ Hh gks ld`rh gS\

vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`k ”s(kf|d`kjfuEuf¥f[r rhu oxksÛ eÍ foHkftr fd`;ktk ld`rk gS%1. ,sfPNd` ”s(kf|d`kj (Voluntary

Jurisdiction)%vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥;d`h lafof| d`h |kjk 36 ds` vuqlkjU;k;k¥; mu lHh eke¥kÍ ij fopkjd`j ld`rk gS ftud`ks lEcfU|r jkT;U;k;k¥; ds` lEeq[ ^Lrqr d`js\

2. vfuok;Z ”s(kf|d`kj (CompulsoryJurisdiction)%jkT; Lo;a ?ks".kd`jds` bu ”s(kÍ eÍ U;k;k¥; ds` vko-';d` ”s(kf|d`kj d`ks Lohd`kj d`j ¥srkgS\ ;s gß%laf| d`h O;k“;k] vUrjkZÆV_h;d`kuwu ds ”s( ls lEcfU|r lHheke¥s] fd`lh ,sls rF; d`k vfLrRoftlds` fl* gksus ij fd`lh vUrjkZÆV_h;d`®ZO; d`k mY¥a?u le>k tk, rƒkfd`lh vUrjkZÆV_h; fof| ds` mY¥a?uij ”friwfrZ d`k Ôi vkSj ifj.ke\

3. ijkeækZRed` ”s(kf|d`kj (AdvisoryJurisdiction)%egklHk ;k lqj”kifj"nΩ fd`lh Hh d`kuwuh ^'u ijvUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`k ijkeæZ ek∑xld`rh gS\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` nwljsvax rƒk foæs" vfHd`j. Hh muds`vf|d`kj ”s( eÍ mBus ok¥s d`kuwuh^'ukÍ ij U;k;k¥; d`k ijkeæZ ^kIrd`j ld`rs gß\ ijkeæZ ds` f¥, laLƒkck÷; ugÓ gksrh gS\pkVZj ds` fu;ekÍ ds` vuqlkj

vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; oknkÍ d`k fu.Z; d`juseÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; fof| d`k ^;ksx d`jrk gS]tks fuEuf¥f[r gß%

1. lkekU; vƒok fofæÆV iwoZ vUrjkZÆV_h;laf|;k∑ vkSj le>kSrs ftud`ks oknxzLri” Lohd`kj d`jrs gkÍ\

2. os vUrjkZÆV_h; ijEijk,a vkSj jhfr-fjoktÍ ftUgÍ lkekU;r;k ^;ksx eÍ ekuktkrk gks\

3. l˙; jkÆV_kÍ }kjk ekU;rk ^kIr d`kuwukÍds` lkekU; fl*kUr\

4. fHUu–fHUu jkÆV_kÍ ds` os®kvkÍ vkSjU;k;k|hækÍ }kjk fn, x, fu.Z;\;»fi vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; ds` fu.Z;kÍ

ds` ihNs d`ksbZ ck÷;d`kjh æfâ` ugÓ gS fœ`jHh tc ls blus tUe f¥;k gS blds` }kjkvusd` vUrjkZÆV_h; eke¥kÍ d`ks lq¥>k;k tkpqd`k gS\

la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? # fo'o ækfUrla;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k loksZifj m s'; gS

fo'o ækfUr ,oa lqj”k d`ks cuk, j[uk gS\pkVZj eÍ vuqPNsn 33 ls 38 rd` vUrjkZÆV_h;fooknkÍ ds` ækfUr iw.Z le>kSrs d`h O;oLƒk,∑d`h xbZ gß\ tc ls la? d`h Lƒkiuk gqbZ gSrc ls vkt rd` vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr ,oalqj”k lEcU|h vusd` fookn blds` le”¥k, x, gß\ bu fooknkÍ d`ks lq¥>kus eÍ;»fi la? lnSo lœ`¥ ugÓ gqvk gS rƒkfivusd` ckj ;q* d`h lEHkoukvkÍ d`ksVk¥d`j fo'o–ækfUr d`h fnæk eÍ mlusmY¥s[uh; Hwfed`k fuHkbZ gS\ ^kjEH ls ghla;qâ` jkÆV_ la? us jkÆV_kÍ ds` vkilhfooknkÍ rƒk x~g;q*kÍ d`ks vius ækafr^;klkÍ ,oa vfH;kukÍ }kjk nwj d`jus d`hpsÆVk d`h gS\ pkgs og d`ksfj;k leL;k jghgks ;k vjc-btjkb¥ la?"Z] ;eu ,oa;wxksL¥kfo;k d`k x~g;q* gks ;k ¥scuku]d`kaxks ,oa lkb^l lad`V] jksMsfæ;k eÍ ækfUrLƒkiuk d`k ^'u gks ;k lksekf¥;k d`hfod`V fLƒfr la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? lnSo ækfUrLƒkiuk d`jus gsrq ^frc* jgk gS\ bllanHZ eÍ dÈcksfM;k eÍ d`jk;k x;k ækfUrle>kSrk mY¥s[uh; gS] ¥sfdù vkfƒZd`lhferrkvkÍ] ?Vrh jktuhfrd` ^frc*rkvkÍrƒk dè gksrs lSU; lg;ksx ls ;g fo'olaLƒk d`bZ LƒkukÍ ij ækfUr Lƒkiuk d`juseÍ vlœ`¥ jgh\ vl¥ eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la?d`h bl foœ`¥rk d`k êq[ d`kj.vUrjkZÆV_h; leL;kvkÍ d`k lSfud` gLr”sils lek|ku d`jus d`h lksp gS\ vko';d`rkbl ckr d`h gS fd` lSfud` gLr”si d`h ctk;;ƒkƒZoknh ,oa larqf¥r uhfr viuk,\

la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ,d` ,slh laLƒk gS]tgk∑ fooknkÍ ds` fuiVkus ds` f¥, ,d` vksjrks fopkj-foeæZ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS nwljhvksj ;q* d`h lh fLƒfr;kÍ ,oa lEHkforfLƒfr;kÍ ds` fujkd`j. ds` f¥, ^LrkokÍ ds`Ôi eÍ mik; lq>k, tkrs gß\ ;»fi la;qâ`jkÆV_ la? d`k laxBu ,d` ljd`kj d`k laxBuugÓ gS vkSj u gh bld`h d`k;Z^.k¥h ghljd`kjh gS fœ`j Hh ;g vius lnL;kÍ ds`

lg;ksx ls tks d`nkfpr vkt fo'o ;q*kÍd`ks ,d` ^d`kj ls vekU; Lohd`kj d`j pqds`gß\ i;kZIr Ôi ls fookn d`h fLƒfr ijfu;a(. ikus] mld`k fujkd`j. d`jus ;kmls foLr~r fookn d`k ”s( u cuus nsus ds`f¥, vk|kj ^Lrqr d`jrk gS\ la;qâ` jkÆV_la? us la?"Z d`k d`bZ fLƒfr;kÍ eÍ tSls fd`d`kaxks vkSj lkb^l eÍ ækfUr j”k ds` ”s(eÍ egRoiw.Z ;ksxnku fn;k gS\ blh ^d`kjd`bZ vUrjkZÆV_h; fooknkÍ eÍ Hkjr-ckaX¥knsæfooknkÍ rƒk if'pe ,fæ;k lad`V eÍ mlds`fopkj–foeæZ ,oa l¥kg-eæfojs ds` ek÷;els gk¥kr d`h xgekxgeh d`ks dè d`jus d`hHwfed`k fuHkbZ gS\ vœ`xkfuLrku lslksfo;r lSfud`kÍ d`h okilh ds` ckjs eÍtusok le>kSrk (1988), bjkd`-bZjku ;q*fojke le>kSrk (1988), ukehfc;k d`hLorU(rk lEcU|h le>kSrk (1988),vaxks¥k ls D;wckbZ lSfud`kÍ d`h okilh ds`f¥, i;Zos”d`kÍ d`k n¥ rS;kj d`juk vkfn\la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h 16 ækfUr lsuk,afofHUu ”s(kÍ eÍ rSukr gß\ 1945 ls vcrd` la? d`h ns[js[ eÍ ¥xHx 172”s(h; la?"ksÛ d`k funku ækfUriw.Z le>kSrkÍ}kjk fd`;k tk pqd`k gS\ vius 64 o"Z d`hd`k¥kof| eÍ dÈcksfM;k] ukehfc;k] v¥lYokMksj] ekstkfEcd` tSls 45 nsækÍ eÍfuÆi” pquko d`jokd`j ¥ksd`rU( d`hLƒkiuk eÍ la? us lg;ksx fn;k gS\ nf”.v≠`hd`k eÍ jaxHsn d`ks lekIr d`jus d`hfnæk eÍ la? d`ks vHwriwoZ lœ`¥rk fe¥hgS\ blds` v¥kok la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? dsèq“;k¥; d`k viuk fofæÆV okrkoj. gS\mlds` d`kWœ`h gkml ¥kmt vkSj xf¥;kjkÍeÍ ijLij fojks|h i”kÍ ds` ^frfuf| pkgsvupkgs vkil eÍ fe¥ tkrs gß\ bl rjgfojksf|;kÍ ds` chp laokn lEidZ` iwjh rjgVwVrk ugÓ gS\ bu vukSipkfjd` lEidZ` dsìfj.keLoÔi d`Hh-d`Hh dq`N æad`kvkÍ d`kfuokj. gks tkrk gS ;k ruko dè gks tkrs gß\vr# la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? vUrjkZÆV_h; fooknkÍd`ks mxz gksus ls jksdùs ds` f¥, ,d` lsŒVhokYo (Safety Valve) d`k d`ke d`jrk gS\

la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` le” pqukSfr;k∑fo'o ;q* ds` jâ`jaftr bfrgkl ds`

iqujkorZu ls fo'o d`ks cpkus ds` f¥, fo'od`h rRd`k¥hu egkæfâ`;kÍ us la;qâ` jkÆV_la? d`h Lƒkiuk d`h\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? usfo'o ækfUr vkSj lqj”k Lƒkfir d`jus ds`fofHUu vUrjkZÆV_h; fooknkÍ d`k lek|kufd`;k] ¥sfdù cgqr ls eke¥kÍ eÍ ;g d`ksbZegRoiw.Z Hwfed`k ugÓ fuHk ld`k\ la;qâ`jkÆV_ la? ds` fo'o jkT; cuus eÍ fofHUupqukSfr;k∑ mlds` lEeq[ fo»eku gß%1. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` ,d` fo'o jkT;

cuus eÍ lcls cÈMh pqukSrh vejhd`k


}kjk Lƒkfir ,d`|zqoh; O;oLƒk gS\vejhd`k }kjk la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`ksvius fe( jkÆV_kÍ ds` lg;ksx ls viusœ`k;ns ds` f¥, bLrsek¥ d`jus d`hô~f® la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds vkSfpR; ijlokf¥;k fuæku ¥xk jgh gS\ bjkd`,oa ;wxksL¥kfo;k ds` eke¥s eÍ vejhd`kus ftl rjg ls la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`kbLrsek¥ fd`;k gS mlls fo'o ds`fod`klæh¥ ,oa v*Zfod`flr jkÆV_kÍ d`hutj eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` i”ikrjfgr Hwfed`k d`h Nfo igq∑ph gS\

2. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k vkfƒZd` Ôi lsfod`flr nsækÍ foæs"d`j vejhd`k ijfuHZj jguk bl laLƒk ds` i”ikrjfgr jgus d`h lEHkouk d`ks dè d`jnsrk gS\ vejhd`k }kjk la? d`ks viusctV eÍ dèh d`jus tSls funsZæ nsusls la? d`h oSf'od` eqf[;k d`h Nfoij |Dd`k ¥xrk gS vkSj ;g blds`dètksjh d`ks mtkxj d`j nsrk gS\

3. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h lcls cÈMh dèhbld`h viuh lsuk d`k vHko gksuk gS\blds` lnL; nsækÍ ds` lf∂`; lg;ksxfoæs"d`j lSU; æfâ` ls etcwr nsækÍds` lg;ksx ij fuHZj jguk iÈMrk gS\blls la? lgh le; ij u rks ;q*jksd` ld`rk gS vkSj ugÓ ækfUr Lƒkiukd`k d`k;Z gh le; ij d`j ld`rk gS\

4. vUrjkZÆV_h; jktuhfrd` fo'¥s"d`kÍ d`kekuuk gS fd` tc rd` la;qâ` jkÆV_ la?d`h egklHk d`ks vf|d`kj ugÓ fn;ktk,xk vkSj tc rd` lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍvf|d` nsækÍ d`ks ækfe¥ d`jds` bls^tkrkaf(d` æD¥ ugÓ nh tk,xh rcrd` la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ,d` fo'o jkT;cuus ds` ¥k;d` ugÓ cu lds`xk\

5. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? viuh laxBukRedìjsækfu;kÍ ds` lkƒ–lkƒ fo'oHj eÍrsth ls cÈ<rs vkradòkn] ”s(h;rkoknvkSj vkilh oSeuL;rk ds` d`kj. Hhfo'o jkT; cuus d`h lEHkouk ”h.gks tkrh gS\bu pqukSfr;kÍ ds` lkƒ–lkƒ dq`N ,sls

Hh lads`r gß tks ;g lEHkouk,a ^Lrqrd`jrs gß fd` vkus ok¥s fnukÍ eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_la? ,d` fo'o jkT; cu tk,xk\ ijek.qv^lkj laf|] i;kZoj. leL;k ds` funkuds` f¥, lkewfgd` ^;kl fo'o ds` vkfƒZd`Ôi ls ,d` lw( eÍ c∑|us] [rjukd` æL(kÍds` f[¥kœ` cÈ<rh tuHkouk] ifjogu ,oalapkj ds` ”s( eÍ vkbZ ∂`kfUr vkfn ds`d`kj. vkt lEiw.Z fo'o ,d` ‘oSf'od`xk∑o’ (Global Village) eÍ ifjofrZr gksrktk jgk gS\ lHh rjg ds` oSf'od` lg;ksxeÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h cÈ<rh Hwfed`k vc

bl rF; d`ks mtkxj d`jrh gS] tgk∑ vktlEiw.Z fo'o la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` usr~Ro eÍ,d` lw( eÍ c∑|rk tk jgk gS] ogÓ la? d`hHwfed`k vc ,d` oSf'od` eqf[;k d`k Ôi¥srk tk jgk gS\ ,slh fLƒfr eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_la? ds` ,d` fo'o jkT; cuus d`h lEHkoukcÈ< tkrh gS\

la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? rƒk HkjrHkjr d`h Hwfed`k%la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h

ækfUr Lƒkiuk d`h xfrfof|;kÍ eÍ Hkjr d`hegRoiw.Z ,oa ljkguh; Hwfed`k d`ks ns[rsgq, bld`h lnL;rk d`h nkosnkjh ls bud`kjugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\ fiN¥s ik∑p næd`kÍ eÍgq, T;knkrj egRoiw.Z d`k;Z∂èkÍ eÍ Hkjr d`hHkxhnkjh fe¥rh gS\ Hkjr us fiN¥s 1950ds` næd` eÍ d`ksfj;k] dÈcksfM;k] fo;ruke]flokbZ o ¥scuku vkfn nsækÍ eÍ gqbZd`k;Zokgh eÍ fgLlk f¥;k gS\ orZeku lUnHZeÍ êq[ d`k;Zokfg;kÍ] tSls bjkd`–bZjku]vaxks¥k] ukehfc;k] bjkd`–dqòSr];wxksL¥kfo;k] dÈcksfM;k] lksekf¥;k] jokaMkvkfn eÍ Hh læâ` Hwfed`k,a fuHkbZ gß\1. loZ^ƒe 1953 eÍ d`ksfj;k ds` ;q* ds`

le; Hkjrh; lSfud`kÍ d`ks ;q* ds`dS`fn;kÍ d`h ftEesokjh ls fuiVus gsrqrVLƒ nsækÍ ds` ^R;korZu vk;ksx ds`v÷;” d`h Hwfed`k fuHkbZ\

2. tq¥kbZ 1954 eÍ b≥Mksusfæ;k ”s( lslEcfU|r tsusok le>kSrs ds` vUrxZrHkjr d`ks baMksusfæ;k ”s( ds` fu;a(.,oa fujh”. ds` f¥, xfBr vUrjkZÆV_h;vk;ksx ds` v÷;” d`h Hwfed`k fuHkbZ\

3. 1960–63 eÍ d`kaxks eÍ ækfUr d`hLƒkiuk ds` f¥, Hkjr d`h ,d` LorU(fczxsM d`ks d`k;Z lkßik x;k] ftlsftEesnkjhiwoZd` fuHk;k\

4. lcls êq[ d`k;Z œ`jojh 1992 eÍlrhæ ukafc;kj d`ks ;wxksL¥kfo;k eÍla;qâ` jkÆV_ lqj”k lsuk d`k dèkaMjfu;qâ` fd`;k x;k\blds` vfrfjâ` 50 o"ksÛ eÍ Hkjr us

la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h 23 ækfUr Lƒkiuk d`hxfrfof|;kÍ eÍ Hkx f¥;k gS\ Hkjr ækfUrlsuk d`k lgh f∂`;kUo;u d`h Hwfed`k d`ksns[rs gq, bld`h fo'oHj eÍ ljkguk gqbZgS\ blds` vfrfjâ` Hkjr us la;qâ` jkÆV_d`h fofHUu xfrfof|;kÍ eÍ viuk ;ksxnkufn;k% ^ƒe] Hkjr us la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`hLƒkiuk eÍ Hkxhnkjh] mlds` vknæksÛ ,oamˆs';kÍ ds` ^fr opuc*rk] ækfUriw.Z <axls fooknkÍ d`k g¥ d`jus rƒk fo'o ds`fofHUu ”s(kÍ ækfUr Lƒkiuk ij c¥ nsd`jblds` laLƒkxr <k∑ps ds` fu|kZj.] d`k;kZUo;urƒk fod`kl d`h ^f∂`;k d`ks cÈ<k;k gS\ f}rh;]Hkjr us Ôl o v≠`hd`k ds` jkÆV_kÍ d`ks

mifuosæokn ds` paxq¥ ls LorU( d`jk;k\r~rh;] Hkjr us ;gk∑ ij ^pf¥r jaxHsn]xjhch] csjkstxkjh rƒk vfæ”k d`ks nwjd`jds` bu jkÆV_kÍ d`ks ækfUr ^f∂`;k dsègRo d`ks le>kus rƒk ml ij ve¥d`jus ;ksX; cuk;k\ prqƒZ] loZ^ƒe Hkjrus fujL(hd`j. o æL( fu;a(. d`h^f∂`;k eÍ lf∂`; Hwfed`k fuHkbZ rƒkgfƒ;kjkÍ ls eqâ` fo'o d`h d`Yiuk d`kslkd`kj cuk;k\ iape] jktuSfrd` ds` lkƒvkfƒZd` le~f*] lekurk ,oa U;k; gsrq ubZvkfƒZd` fo'o O;oLƒk ds` fuekZ. eÍ Hhlf∂`; ;ksxnku fn;k\ NBk] orZeku la?"ksÛls fuiVus gsrq la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h ækfUrO;oLƒk d`h xfrfof|;kÍ eÍ O;kid` Lrj ijlg;ksx ds` ek÷;e ls jkT;kÍ ds` chp rukook¥s ”s(kÍ eÍ ækfUr Lƒkfir d`jus ds` ^;klfd`,\

Hkjr d`k lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ Lƒk;hlnL;rk d`k nkok

fo'o ds` vf|d`kaæ nsæ la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds`lokZf|d` ^Hkoh vax] lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds`lq|kj ,oa foLrkj d`h Hh ek∑x d`j jgs gß\fo'o ds` dq`N nsæ lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds`foLrkj d`h ek∑x ds` lkƒ–lkƒ bl ifj"nΩd`h lnL;rk ds` f¥, viuk nkok ^Lrqrd`j jgs gß\ ,sls nsækÍ eÍ Hkjr Hh ,d` gS\Hkjr us lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h Lƒk;h lnL;rkds` f¥, nkok d`jus ds` ∂è eÍ fuEuf¥f[rrdZ` fn, gß%1. ¥xHx ,d` vjc tula“;k ds` lkƒ

Hkjr fo'o d`k nwljk lcls cÈMktula“;k ok¥k nsæ gS\

2. lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`k^frfuf| ugÓ gS\ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ,oaxqVfujis” vkUnks¥u ds` LokHkfodùsrk gksus ds` d`kj. Hkjr d`ks lqj”kifj"nΩ d`k Lƒk;h lnL; cuuk pkfg,\

3. lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ lHh ”s(kÍ d`ks^frfuf|Ro fn;k tkuk pkfg,] blf¥,nf”. ,fæ;k ”s( ls Hkjr d`ks ;gLƒku ^kIr gksuk pkfg,\

4. HkSxksf¥d` n~fÆV ls Hh Hkjr d`kœ`hfoæk¥ nsæ gS\

5. viuh LorU(rk ds` ckn ls Hkjr usgesæk vUrjkZÆV_h; lnΩHko ,oa ækfUrLƒkiuk ds` d`k;Z eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la?d`k leƒZu ,oa lg;ksx fd`;k gS\

6. orZeku fo'o vkfƒZd` O;oLƒk eÍ Hkjrd`k Lƒku NBk gS\ bl d`kj. Hh Hkjrd`ks Lƒk;h lnL;rk fe¥uh pkfg,\vr# la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? eÍ Hkjr d`h

fLƒfr rƒk Hkjr ds` ækfUriw.Z d`k;ksÛ d`ksns[rs gq, lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ bls Lƒk;hlnL;rk fe¥uh pkfg,\

●●●


� vuhæ Hlhu

lkekftd` ¥s[

fo'o eÍ efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h fLƒfr

∏;( uk;ZLrq iwtrs jeUrs r( nsorkπvƒkZrΩ tgk∑ efg¥k d`h iwtk gksrh gS] ogk∑nsork clrs gß\ iwtk d`k vƒZ lEeku ls gS\rkRi;Z ;g gS fd` tgk∑ efg¥k d`k lEekugksrk gS] ogk∑ lq[ ,oa le~f* d`k oklgksrk gS\ efg¥k ls gh ?j] ifjokj] lektcurk gS vkSj nsæ rjDd`h d`jrk gS\ efg¥kcsVh] cgu] iRuh] ek∑ Hh gS vkSj nsoh Hh\

¥sfdù ?j-ifjokj] leqnk; d`hifjlEif®;kÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h fgLlsnkjh

ek( 10-20 ^frær gh gS\ lkekftd`]vkfƒZd`] jktuhfrd` vkfn lHh ”s(kÍ eÍefg¥kvkÍ ds` lkƒ HsnHko fd`;k tkrk gS\lkjs fo'o eÍ ¥ksd`rkaf(d` ^.k¥h vk|kfjræklu O;oLƒk viuk, tkus ds` ckotwnefg¥kvkÍ d`ks iq:"kÍ ds` led`” vf|d`kj^kIr ugÓ gS\ muds` ekuokf|d`kjkÍ d`k guufd`;k tkrk gS rƒk mud`k vkfƒZd` ,oanSfgd` æks". fd`;k tkrk gS\

efg¥k lkf|d`kfjrk gsrq oSf'od` ig¥

oSf'od` Lrj ij ¥ksd`rkaf(d` O;oLƒktSls-tSls lqn~È< gksrh xbZ] efg¥kvkÍ d`ksiq:"kÍ ds` led`” ¥kus d`h eqfge eÍ Hhrsth vkrh xbZ\ fof| ,oa U;k; ds` le”lekurk] ¥ksd` lsokvkÍ eÍ fu;qfDr gsrqleku volj] fopkj vfHO;fDr] fuokl]jkstxkj vkfn d`h LorU(rk ikfjokfjd`lEif® eÍ fgLlsnkjh] fu.Z;u ds` ^R;sd`Lrj ij lekurk] [ku-iku] jgu-lgu]fæ”k vkfn ds` ”s( eÍ lekurk vkfneke¥kÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks u dsò¥ iq:"kÍ ds`cjkcj ¥k;k x;k] oju tgk∑ d`gÓvko';d`rk ƒh] ogk∑ muds` lEeku ,oafuÆBk d`h j”k ds` f¥, foæs" ^ko|ku Hhfd`, x,\ oSf'od` Lrj ij fd`, x, ^;klkÍd`k ¥s[k-tks[k rkf¥d`k-1 eÍ ^Lrqr fd`;kx;k gS\

rkf¥d`k-1 # oSf'od` Lrj ij efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ ds` fod`kl d`k ?Vuk∂è

∂`\la\ o"Z nsæ d`k uke ?Vuk fooj.

1. 1792 fczVsu vk|qfud` ukjhoknh vkUnks¥u d`h laLƒkid` esjh oqYLVu ∂SÌV d`h efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ ij iqLrd`‘foUMhds`æu vkWœ` nh jkbVΩl vkWœ` oheu’ ^d`kfær gqbZ\

2. 1857 vejhd`k U;w;kWdZ` ægj ds` ¥ksmj bZLV b¥kds` eÍ æks". ,oa cng¥ ls (Lr efg¥kvkÍ us vf|d`kjkÍ ds` f¥, 8ekpZ] 1857 d`ks cxkor d`h\ blh le; ls ^fro"Z 8 ekpZ d`ks fo'o eÍ ‘efg¥k fnol’ euk;k tkrk gS\

3. 1869 fczVsu efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ ij ts\ ,l\ fe¥ d`h iqLrd` ‘lCtsDæu vkWœ` oheu’ ^d`kfær\4. 1890 vejhd`k jkÆV_h; efg¥k laxBu d`h Lƒkiuk\5. 1893 U;wth¥S≥M fo'o eÍ loZ^ƒe U;wth¥S≥M eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\6. 1901 vkLV_sf¥;k efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\7. 1903 œz`kal œz`kal d`h eSMe D;wjh ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ^kIr d`jus ok¥h ^ƒe efg¥k cuh\8. 1908 vejhd`k ‘baVjusæu¥ oheu jkbVΩl ,¥k;al’ d`h Lƒkiuk gqbZ\9. 1913 ukWosZ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\

10. 1913 vejhd`k usæu¥ oheu ikVhZ d`h Lƒkiuk\11. 1916 dùkMk efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr\12. 1917 Hkjr ‘oheu bafM;u ,lksfl,æu’ vƒkZrΩ efg¥kvkÍ d`k Hkjrh; la? d`h Lƒkiuk\13. 1918 fczVsu efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr ·tcfd` o;Ld` erkf|d`kj 1928 eÍ ^kIr gqvk‚\14. 1920 vejhd`k 19oÍ lafo|ku laæks|u }kjk vejhd`k eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\15. 1927 Hkjr ‘vkW¥ bf≥M;k oheu ¥hx’ d`h Lƒkiuk\16. 1945 bV¥h efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\17. 1946 vUrjkZÆV_h; Lrj ij la;qDr jkÆV_ la? }kjk ‘LVsVΩl vkWœ` ohel’ ds` uke ij ,d` dèhæu d`k xBu\18. 1948 vUrjkZÆV_h; Lrj ij la;qDr jkÆV_ d`h egklHk us 10 fnlEcj] 1948 d`ks ekuokf|d`kjkÍ d`h lkoZHkSfed` ?ks".k-i( Lohd`kj

fd`;k\ ?ks".k-i( ds` vusd` vuqPNsnkÍ eÍ efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`k mY¥s[ gS\19. 1952 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h egklHk us efg¥kvkÍ ds` jktuhfrd` vf|d`kjkÍ ds` fu;ekÍ d`ks ikfjr fd`;k\20. 1959 Jh¥ad`k fo'o d`h ‘^ƒe efg¥k ^|kuea(h’ ds` Ôi eÍ ,l\ H≥Mkjuk;ds` pquh xbZ\21. 1966 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk }kjk ‘flfo¥ vkSj jktuhfrd` vf|d`kjkÍ ij vUrjkZÆV_h; ^lafonk’ rƒk

‘vkfƒZd`] lkekftd` vkSj lkaLd~`frd` vf|d`kjkÍ ij vUrjkZÆV_h; ^lafonk’ fnlEcj 1966 eÍ Lohd`kjd`h xbZ] tcfd` ;g nksukÍ ^lafonk,a 1976 eÍ ^Hkoh gks ld`Ó\ ^lafonkvkÍ ds` d`bZ vuqPNsn efg¥kvf|d`kjkÍ ls lEcfU|r gß\

22. 1971 fLoVΩtj¥S≥M efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\23. 1974 œz`kal œz`kal d`h lheksu n cqvk ukjh eqfDr vkUnks¥u d`h v÷;” pquh xbÛ\24. 1975 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? efg¥kvkÍ ds` mRƒku gsrq ‘vUrjkZÆV_h; æks| ,oa ^fæ”.’ laLƒku d`h Lƒkiuk la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk

}kjk d`h xbZ\25. 1975 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? fo'o eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; efg¥k lEes¥u vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\26. 1975 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ig¥k fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u tq¥kbZ 1975 eÍ eSfDld`ks eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\


27. 1975 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? o"Z 1975 ‘vUrjkZÆV_h; efg¥k o"Z’ ds` Ôi eÍ euk;k x;k\28. 1975–85 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, ‘la;qDr jkÆV_ næd`’ ds` Ôi eÍ euk;k x;k\29. 1976 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? efg¥kvkÍ gsrq ‘la;qDr jkÆV_ fod`kl fuf|’ d`h Lƒkiuk d`h xbZ\30. 1979 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:* lHh ^d`kj ds` HsnHko d`h lekfIr ij ^lafonk la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk }kjk 18

fnlEcj] 1979 d`ks Lohd~`r d`h xbZ vkSj flrEcj 1981 eÍ ¥kxw gks xbZ\31. 1980 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? f}rh; fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u tq¥kbZ 1980 eÍ d`ksisugsxu ·MsuekdZ`‚ eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\32. 1985 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? r~rh; fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u tq¥kbZ 1985 eÍ uSjksch ·d`hfu;k‚ eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\33. 1992 Hkjr Hkjr eÍ jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx d`k xBu\34. 1993 Hkjr lafo|ku ds` 73oÍ ,oa 74oÍ laæks|u }kjk iapk;rh jkt laLƒkvkÍ rƒk Lƒkuh; uxj fud`k;kÍ eÍ ,d`-

frgkbZ in efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, vkjf”r d`jds` fu.Z;u eÍ mud`h Hkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr d`h xbZ\35. 1994 Ôl ohesu vkWœ` ,fæ;k uked` vkUnks¥u d`h uÓo j[h xbZ\36. 1995 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? prqƒZ fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u 1995 eÍ isb¯px ·phu‚ eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\37. 2001 Hkjr ‘efg¥k læfDrd`j. o"Z’ ds` Ôi eÍ euk;k x;k\38. 2002 vUrj lalnh; la? vUrj lalnh; la? ds` ,d` vuqeku ds` vuqlkj o"Z 2002 eÍ tkjh fjiksVZ vuqlkj fo'o eÍ dq`¥

lkalnkÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`k dsò¥ 14·7 ^frær gS\39. 2005 ckaX¥knsæ laln d`h dq`¥ 300 lhV eÍ ls 45 lhVÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, vkjf”r d`h xbÛ\40. 2005 dqòSr efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\41. 2005 teZuh ,ats¥k edsZ`¥ teZuh d`h ^ƒe efg¥k pkal¥j cuÓ\42. 2005 ¥kbcsfj;k ,s¥u tkWgUlu lj¥hœ` vœz`hd`k eÍ jkÆV_ifr ds` in ij fu;qDr gksus ok¥h ^ƒe efg¥k cuÓ\43. 2005 Hkjr Hkjr eÍ ?js¥w ¯glk ls efg¥kvkÍ d`h lqj”k ^nku d`jus ok¥k ?js¥w ¯glk vf|fu;e] 2005 ikfjr\44. 2006 cgjhu tklse v¥ d`kojh [kÈMh nsæ eÍ efg¥k U;k;k|hæ fu;qDr gksus ok¥h ^ƒe efg¥k cuÓ\

la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ,oa efg¥kvf|d`kj

la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` pkVZj d`h^Lrkouk eÍ d`gk x;k gS fd` ∏ge la;qDrjkÆV_ ds` ¥ksx ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ew¥Hwr ekuokf|d`kjkÍeÍ ekuo d`h xfjek vkSj egRo eÍ rƒk L(hiq:" ds` leku vf|d`kjkÍ eÍ vkLƒk O;Drd`jrs gß˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙\π bl ^d`kj pkVZj eÍefg¥kvkÍ d`ks lekurk ds` vf|d`kj d`h?ks".k d`h xbZ gS\ ekuokf|d`kjkÍ ds`lkoZHkSfed` ?ks".k-i(] 1948 d`ks lHhlnL; jkÆV_kÍ }kjk bld`k lEeku d`jus ds`f¥, ck÷; fd`;k x;k gS\ bl ?ks".k-i(ds` d`bZ vuqPNsnkÍ eÍ efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`kmY¥s[ fe¥rk gS ftueÍ êq[ bl ^d`kjgS%

● vuqPNsn–2%^R;sd` O;fDr bl?ks".k-i( eÍ of.Zr lHh vf|d`kjkÍvkSj Lora(rkvkÍ d`k gd`nkj gS\ bleÍew¥oaæ] o.Z] ¯¥x] |eZ] jktuhfr]jkÆV_h;rk] lkekftd` mnΩHo] lEif®]tUe ;k vU; ^fLƒfr ds` vk|kj ijd`ksbZ HsnHko ugÓ fd`;k tk,xk\

● vuqPNsn–16 (1)%o;Ld` iq:"kÍ vkSjfL(;kÍ d`ks ew¥oaæ] jkÆV_h;rk ;k |eZds` d`kj. fd`lh lhek ds` fcuk] fookgd`jus vkSj dq`VqEc Lƒkfir d`jus d`kvf|d`kj gS\

● vuqPNsn–23 (2)%^R;sd` O;fDr d`ksfd`lh HsnHko ds` fcuk] leku d`k;Zds` f¥, leku osru d`k vf|d`kj gS\vƒkZrΩ leku d`k;Z ds` f¥, fL(;k∑ ,oa

iq:" nksukÍ d`ks leku osru fn;ktkuk vfuok;Z d`j fn;k x;k gS\

● vuqPNsn–26 (1)%^R;sd` O;fDr d`ksfæ”k d`k vf|d`kj ^kIr gS tks dè-ls-dè ^kjfEHd` vkSj ekSf¥d` voLƒkeÍ fu#æqYd` gksxh\ bl ^d`kj ?ks".k-i( eÍ lekt ds` ^R;sd` O;fDr d`ksfæ”k ^kIr d`jus d`k vf|d`kj gS]pkgs og L(h gks ;k iq:"\

efg¥kvkÍ d`h ^fLƒfr ij vk;ksx·n dèhæu vkWu n LVsVl vkWœòhesu‚

vkfƒZd` ,oa lkekftd` ifj"nΩ }kjk1946 eÍ ;g vk;ksx Lƒkfir fd`;k x;k\vk;ksx lEiw.Z fo'o eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`hlekurk d`h fnæk eÍ d`h xbZ ^xfr d`htk∑p ,oa jktuhfrd`] vkfƒZd`] lkekftd`”s(kÍ eÍ fL(;kÍ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks cÈ<kus ds`f¥, flœ`kfjæÍ d`jrk gS\ orZeku eÍ vk;ksxds` 45 lnL; gß\ vk;ksx us leLr fo'o eÍefg¥kvkÍ d`h fLƒfr ds` lEcU| eÍ vk∑d`ÈMs,d`f(r fd`, rƒk ekuokf|d`kjkÍ d`h lkoZ-HkSfed` ?ks".k rS;kj d`jus eÍ enn d`h\

efg¥kvkÍ gsrq la;qDr jkÆV_ fod`klfuf| ·;wukbVsM usæal Mso¥ieÍVœ`≥M œ`kWj ohesu‚

;g ,d` LoSfPNd` fuf| gS] tksefg¥kvkÍ ds` ekuokf|d`kjkÍ] muds` vkfƒZd`rƒk jktuhfrd` lc¥hd`j. vkSj ¥ßfxd`lekurk d`ks ^ksRlkfgr d`jus ok¥s u, <axds` d`k;Z∂èkÍ d`k leƒZu ,oa rdùhd`hlgk;rk nsrh gS\ efg¥kvkÍ gsrq la;qDr

jkÆV_ fod`kl fuf| rhu êq[ ”s(kÍ eÍ d`k;Zd`jrh gS] tks bl ^d`kj gS%● æklu] usr~Ro vkSj fu.Z; ^f∂`;k eÍ

efg¥kvkÍ d`h Hkxhnkjh cÈ<kuk«● fod`kl d`ks vf|d` lekurkiw.Z cukus

ds` f¥, efg¥kvkÍ ds` ekuokf|d`kjkÍd`ks cÈ<kok nsuk«

● m»fe;kÍ rƒk mRiknd`kÍ ds` Ôi eÍefg¥kvkÍ d`h vkfƒZd` ”erk d`ksetcwr cukuk\

flfo¥ vkSj jktuhfrd` vf|d`kjkÍij vUrjkZÆV_h; ^lafonk ,oa efg¥kvf|d`kj

flfo¥ vkSj jktuhfrd` vf|d`kjkÍ ijvUrjkZÆV_h; ^lafonk d`ks la;qDr jkÆV_ la?d`h egklHk us fnlEcj 1966 eÍ Lohd~`frnh vkSj ;g ^lafonk 23 ekpZ] 1976 ls¥kxw gks xbZ\ ^lafonk ds` d`bZ vuqPNsnefg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ ls lEcfU|r gS ftueÍêq[ bl ^d`kj gß%

● vuqPNsn–2 (1) ds` vuqlkj lHhjkT; vius ”s( eÍ bl ^lafonk eÍLohd~`r vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks fcuk ^tkfrjax] ¯¥x] Hk"k] |eZ˙˙˙˙˙ ds` vk|kjij fcuk HsnHko vf|d`kjkÍ ds` lEekud`jus d`k opu nsrk gS\

● vuqPNsn–3 ds` vuqlkj ^lafonk eÍfn, x, lHh flfo¥ vkSj jktuhfrd`vf|d`kjkÍ d`k ¥kH mBkus ds` f¥,iq:" o fL(;kÍ d`ks leku vf|d`kjgkÍxs\


rkf¥d`k 2 # fo'o ds` êq[ nsækÍ ds` lafo|kukÍ ds` vUrxZr efg¥kvkÍ ds` vf|d`kj

∂`\la\ nsæ d`k lafo|ku lafo|ku d`k vuqPNsn efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, mi;ksxh ^ko|ku

1. Hkjr (1950) vuqPNsn 14–32 efg¥kvkÍ d`ks d`bZ vf|d`kj ^kIr gß ftueÍ êq[ gß%lekurk d`k vf|d`kj] LorU(rkd`k vf|d`kj] æks". ds` fo:* vf|d`kj] |kfeZd` Lora(rk d`k vf|d`kj ,oa fæ”klEcU|h vf|d`kj vkfn\

vuqPNsn 39 ·?‚ L(h-iq:" nksukÍ ds` f¥, leku d`k;Z ds` f¥, leku osru d`h O;oLƒk d`h xbZ gS\vuqPNsn 42 efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, ^lwfr lgk;rk d`k vf|d`kj\

2. D;wck (1976) vuqPNsn 46 efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks vkfƒZd`] jktuhfrd`] lkekftd` ,oa ikfjokfjd` fo";kÍ eÍ lekuvf|d`kj ^kIr gS\

3. phu (1982) vuqPNsn 49 ifr-iRuh d`ks ifjokj fu;kstu d`k O;ogkj eÍ ¥kus d`k vknsæ fn;k x;k gS\4. rqd`hZ (1982) vuqPNsn 41 jkT; d`k d`®ZO; gS fd` og ifjokj ds` d`Y;k. ,oa fu;kstu ds` f¥, efg¥kvkÍ ,oa

iq:" ds` f¥, fæ”k ^nku d`js\5. nf”. d`ksfj;k (1987) vuqPNsn 36 bl vuqPNsn }kjk fookg ,oa ikfjokfjd` thou ds` f¥, efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks leku

vf|d`kj ^nku fd`, x, gß\6. czkth¥ (1988) vuqPNsn 226 efg¥k ,oa iq:" nksukÍ vius ifjokj fu;kstu ds` f¥, fu.Z; ¥sus gsrq Lora( gS\7. iqrZxk¥ (1989) vuqPNsn 67(2) jkT; d`k d`®ZO; gS fd` og efg¥k ,oa iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, ;g vf|d`kj ^nku d`js fd` og

ifjokj fu;kstu d`h T;knk-ls-T;knk tkud`kjh ^kIr d`js\8. vYthfj;k (1989) vuqPNsn 28 lHh ukxfjd` d`kuwu ds` lkeus leku gS pkgs og efg¥k gks ;k iq:"\9. d`ks¥fEc;k (1991) vuqPNsn 43 efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks leku vf|d`kj ,oa volj ^kIr gS\

10. m®j d`ksfj;k (1992) vuqPNsn 62 efg¥kvkÍ d`ks lekt eÍ iq:" ds` leku Lrj ^kIr\11. gaxjh (1994) vuqPNsn 66 efg¥kvkÍ ,oa iq:"kÍ d`ks lkekftd`] jktuhfrd`] vkfƒZd` ,oa lkaLd~`frd` ”s(kÍ eÍ

lekurk d`h xkj≥Vh ^nku d`h xbZ gS\12. ;w∂sù (1994) vuqPNsn 25 efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks leku vf|d`kj ^kIr\13. ikiqvk U;wfxuh (1995) vuqPNsn 2 fookg ds` ckjs eÍ efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks leku vf|d`kj\14. vtjcstku (1995) vuqPNsn 25 efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks leku vf|d`kj ^kIr\15. cs¥kÔl (1996) vuqPNsn 32 ifr ,oa iRuh d`ks ifjokj eÍ leku vf|d`kj ^kIr\

● vuqPNsn–23 (2) ds` vuqlkj fookg;ksX; vk;q ds` iq:"kÍ vkSj fL(;kÍ ds`fookg d`jus vkSj dq`VqEc cukus ds`vf|d`kj d`ks ekU;rk nh tk,xh\blh ^d`kj ds` ^ko|ku vkfƒZd`]

lkekftd` vkSj lkaLd~`frd` vf|d`kjkÍ d`hvUrjkZÆV_h; ^lafonk eÍ Hh fd`, x, gß\

vUrjkZÆV_h; efg¥k o"Z o næd` d`h?ks".k

efg¥kvkÍ ds` fod`kl ds` lUnHZ eÍ iwjsfo'o ls efg¥k mRƒku vkSj fod`kl ds`^fr psruk txkus ds` f¥, la;qDr jkÆV_egklHk us o"Z 1975 d`ks ‘vUrjkZÆV_h;efg¥k o"Z’ ?ksf"r fd`;k\ blds` rhu mˆs';LiÆV fd`,%loZ^ƒe] iq:" vkSj efg¥kvkÍd`ks lekurk d`k ntkZ nsuk] f}rh; fo'oækfUr Lƒkiuk d`h fnæk eÍ efg¥k lg;ksx^kIr d`juk ,oa r~rh;] fod`kl d`k;Z eÍfL(;kÍ d`k ;ksxnku\ vUrjkZÆV_h; efg¥k o"Zd`ks ‘fV_C;wu’ ds` uke ls Hh tkuk tkrk gS\bleÍ ^ƒe fo'o d`k;Z ;kstuk cukbZ xbZvkSj efg¥k lekurk ds` f¥, efg¥k næd`(1975–1985) d`h ?ks".k d`h xbZ\ efg¥ko"Z ds` d`k;Z∂èkÍ d`ks ubZ fnæk vkSj lg;ksxds` fcUnq ij c¥ nsrs gq, buds` fuEu-f¥f[r d`k;Z∂è cuk, x,] tks bl ^d`kjgß%

1. efg¥kvkÍ d`ks f}rh; Js.h d`k ukxfjdù le>d`j ,d`leku ukxfjd` le>ktkuk pkfg,\

2. ukjh ds` lkƒ tUetkr] tkfrxr]|eZ] jkÆV_xr HsnHko d`h lekfIr gsrqlkƒZd` ^;kl\

3. lkekftd` vU;k; lekIr gksuk pkfg,\4. fo'o ækfUr eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h vf|-

d`kf|d` lk>snkjh lqfuf'pr gksuhpkfg,\

5. nsæ o lekt ds` fuekZ. eÍ efg¥kvkÍd`h vkf|d`kf|d lk>snkjh gksuh pkfg,\

6. efg¥kvkÍ d`ks iq:"kÍ ds` leku ntkZ^kIr gksuk pkfg,\

efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:`* lHh ^d`kj ds`HsnHko d`h lekfIr ij ^lafonk

la;qDr jkÆV_ d`h egklHk }kjk 18fnlEcj] 1979 d`ks Lohd~`r vkSj 3flrEcj] 1981 ls ^Hkoh bl lafonk d`ksefg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks fnæk eÍ eh¥ d`kiRƒj ekuk tkrk gS\ vc rd` 166 nsæbl ^lafonk ij gLrk”j d`j pqds` gß\^lafonk eÍ ^Lrkouk lfgr dq`¥ 30vuqPNsn gß\ ;g ^lafonk vUrjkZÆV_h; Ôils Lohd`k;Z fl*kUrkÍ ,oa lHh txg ijefg¥kvkÍ d`ks leku vf|d`kj `^nku d`jus

ds` mik;kÍ d`ks lHh nsækÍ }kjk oS|kfud` Ôils Lohd~`fr ^kIr ,oa ck÷;rkiw.Z vfH¥s[gß\

;g ^lafonk ,d` ,slk loZekU;vfH¥s[ gS] tks%● efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:* fd`, tkus ok¥s

HsnHko d`ks lekIr d`jus ds` f¥,ljd`kjkÍ ls d`kuwu cukus d`h vis”kd`jrk gS\

● efg¥kvkÍ d`h oSokfgd` ^fLƒfr d`ksns[s fcuk lHh ”s(kÍ tSls%lkekftd`]vkfƒZd`] lkaLd~`frd`] jktuhfrd` ,oaukxfjd` eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks leku vf|-d`kj ^nku d`jus d`h eqfge p¥kuk\

● HsnHko d`ks iSnk d`jus ok¥s ;k cÈ<koknsus ok¥h lkekftd` ,oa lkaLd~`frd`fLƒfr;kÍ d`ks ifjofrZr d`jus ds` f¥,;kstuk,a ¥kxw d`juk\

● efg¥kvkÍ d`ks eq“; |kjk ls ckgj j[usd`h ô~f®;kÍ ij jksd` ¥xkuk\

● iq:"kÍ ,oa efg¥kvkÍ eÍ cjkcjh ¥kusds` f¥, Lƒk;h o vLƒk;h rkSj ijmik; lq>kuk\

● efg¥kvkÍ ds` lHh ^d`kj ds` O;kikjvkSj mud`h os';ko~f® ls æks". d`kslekIr d`jus ds` f¥, fof|-fuekZ.lfgr lHh mi;qDr mik; d`juk\


efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h tkx~fr gsrqfo'o efg¥k lEes¥u

efg¥k d`Y;k. d`h Hkouk d`ks loksZifjekurs gq, la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h ig¥ lsfo'o Lrj ij efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h tkx~frgsrq ,oa efg¥kvkÍ d`ks U;k; fn¥kus d`h fnækeÍ fo'o efg¥k lEes¥ukÍ d`h æqÔvkr gqbZ\la;qDr jkÆV_ ds` rRoko|ku eÍ 1975–95ds` o"ksÛ eÍ fo'o Lrj ij pkj fo'o efg¥klEes¥ukÍ d`k vk;kstu fd`;k x;k] tks bl^d`kj gS%1. ^ƒe fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u] 1975 ·eSfDld`ks‚

● o"Z 1975 d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h; efg¥k o"Z\● 1975–1985 næd` d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h;

efg¥k næd`\● efg¥k d`Y;k. gsrq iapo"hZ; ;kstuk\

2. f}rh; fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u] 1980·d`ksisugsxu‚

3. r~rh; fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u] 1985 ·uSjksch‚4. prqƒZ fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u] 1995 ·ch¯tx‚

efg¥k,a ,oa fo'o ekuokf|d`kjlEes¥u] fo;uk

la;qDr jkÆV_ }kjk ^k;ksftr vc rd`d`k lcls cÈMk vUrjkZÆV_h; ekuokf|d`kjlEes¥u ·ftleÍ 170 ls vf|d` nsækÍ] 850xSj-ljd`kjh laxBukÍ rƒk i;Zos”d`kÍ usfgLlk f¥;k‚ 25 twu] 1993 d`ks vkfLV_;kd`h jkt|kuh fo;uk eÍ lEiUu gqvk\lEes¥u eÍ mu lHh ekuokf|d`kjkÍ d`hiquiqZfÆV d`h xbZ] tks 1948 ds` lkoZHkSfed`?ks".k-i( eÍ ækfe¥ gS\ lEes¥u ds`lekiu l( eÍ fo;uk ?ks".k ikfjr d`h xbZ\blds` vUrxZr efg¥kvkÍ vkSj cPpkÍ dsèkuokf|d`kj lkoZHkSfed` ekuo vf|d`kjkÍ d`k,d` vfHUu vkSj vfoHkT; vax gS\ lEes¥ueÍ ljd`kjkÍ] laLƒkvkÍ] vUrj-ljd`kjh vkSjxSj-ljd`kjh laxBukÍ ls efg¥kvkÍ dsèkuokf|d`kjkÍ d`h laj”. vkSj lao*Zu ds`^;klkÍ d`ks rst d`jus d`k vkÿku fd`;k x;k\lEes¥u eÍ ,d` ubZ O;oLƒk viukrs gq,efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:* ¯glk ij fjiksVZ d`jusgsrq ,d` fjiksVZd`rkZ d`h fu;qfDr d`h xbZ\

Hkjr eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ^kIr vf|d`kjefg¥kvkÍ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ d`h ^kfIr ds`

”s( eÍ Hkjr eÍ Hh ¥Ecs la?"Z d`h d`gkuh gS\lfn;kÍ ls Hkjr eÍ inkZ ^ƒk] ngst ^ƒk]lrh ^ƒk] vf|d`kj foghurk] :fÈ<okfnrklekt d`k vax jgk ƒk] ijUrq mUuhloÓærkCnh eÍ if'peh fæ”k ds` vkxeu ds`œ`¥LoÔi efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h ek∑x tksjid`ÈMus ¥xh rƒk efg¥kvkÍ d`h fæ”k d`kscÈ<kok fn;k tkus ¥xk\ Hkjr eÍ 1915 ls1927 ds` chp d`bZ efg¥k laxBukÍ d`hLƒkiuk gqbZ rƒk Lora(rk ds` ckn ljd`kj}kjk efg¥kvkÍ d`h fLƒfr d`ks lq|kjus ds` f¥,d`bZ laoS|kfud` o d`kuwuh d`ne mBk, x,\

efg¥kvkÍ gsrq laoS|kfud` ^ko|kuLorU(rk ds` ckn efg¥kvkÍ d`h lkekftd`] jktuhfrd` vkSj vkfƒZd` Ôi ls fod`kl

ds` leku volj ^nku d`jus ds` f¥, lafo|ku eÍ dq`N foæs" O;oLƒk,a d`h xbZ gß\lafo|ku ds fofHUu vuqPNsnkÍ vkSj mueÍ fd`, x, efg¥kvkÍ gsrq ^ko|ku bl ^d`kj gß%

lafo|ku d`kvuqPNsn

efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, mi;ksxh ^ko|ku

vuqPNsn 14 jkT; fd`lh Hh O;fDr d`ks d`kuwu ds` le” lekurk ;k d`kuwu ds`leku laj”. ls oafpr ugÓ d`jsxk pkgs og efg¥k gks ;k iq:"\

vuqPNsn 15(3) efg¥kvkÍ ,oa cPpkÍ d`ks dq`N foæs" lqfo|k ^nku d`h xbZ gS\vuqPNsn 16 ¥ksd` lsokvkÍ eÍ fcuk HsnHko ds` volj d`h lekurk\vuqPNsn 19 leku Ôi ls vfHO;fDr d`h LorU(rk\vuqPNsn 23-24 ukjh ∂`;-fo∂`; rƒk csxkj ^ƒk ij jksd`\vuqPNsn 39 ·?‚ L(h-iq:" nksukÍ d`ks leku d`k;Z ds` f¥, leku osru d`h O;oLƒk d`h

xbZ gS\vuqPNsn 42 efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, ^lwfr lgk;rk\vuqPNsn 47 ¥ksd` LokLF; eÍ lq|kj d`juk ljd`kj d`k nkf;Ro\vuqPNsn 51 d` ·î‚ ^R;sd` ukxfjd` d`k d`rZO; gksxk fd` og ˙˙˙˙˙ ,slh ^ƒkvkÍ d`k R;kx

d`js tks fL(;kÍ ds` lEeku ds` fo:* gS\vuqPNsn 243 ·?‚·u‚

iapk;rh jkt ,oa uxjh; laLƒkvkÍ eÍ 73oÍ 74oÍ laæks|u ds` ek÷;e lsefg¥kvkÍ gsrq vkj”. d`h O;oLƒk\

efg¥kvkÍ ls lEcfU|r êq[ vf|fu;eHkjrh; laln }kjk efg¥kvkÍ d`h fLƒfr lq|kjus ds` f¥, le;-le; ij vusd`

vf|fu;e ikfjr fd`, x,] ftueÍ êq[ bl ^d`kj gß%

vf|fu;ekÍ d`k fooj. mˆs';/^ko|ku

ckxku Je vf|fu;e] 1951 efg¥k d`feZ;kÍ d`ks vius cPpkÍ d`ks nw| fi¥kus ds` f¥,vod`kæ fn;k tkuk\

[ku vf|fu;e] 1952 Hwfexr [kukÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` fu;kstu ij jksd` ¥xkuk\foæs" fookg vf|fu;e] 1954 d`ksbZ efg¥k viuk |eZ cn¥s fcuk fd`lh Hh |eZ ds` O;fDr

ls fookg d`j ld`rh gS\fgUnw m®jkf|d`kj vf|fu;e]1956

bl vf|fu;e ds` }kjk efg¥kvkÍ d`ks iSr~d` lEif® eÍvf|d`kj fn;k x;k gS\

vuSfrd` O;kikj fuokj.vf|fu;e] 1956

os';kx~g p¥kus ;k ifjlj d`ks os';kx~g ds` Ôi eÍ ^;qDrd`jus nsus ij n≥M d`h O;oLƒk\

^lwfr ^lqfo|k vf|fu;e]1961

d`k;Z fnol ds` 80 fnu iw.Z gksus ij efg¥k d`feZ;kÍ d`ksxHZikr gsrq vko';d` Ôi ls vod`kæ rƒk fpfd`Rlk d`hO;oLƒk\

Bsd`k Je vf|fu;e] 1970 efg¥k Jfed`kÍ ls ckxkukÍ eÍ ^kr# 6 cts ls lk;a 7 cts ds`chp 9 ?≥Vs ds` ckn d`ke d`jkus ij ^frcU|\

leku ikfjJfed` vf|fu;e]1976

leku d`k;Z ds` f¥, efg¥kvkÍ d`ks Hh iq:"kÍ ds` lekuikfjJfed` d`h O;oLƒk\

ck¥-fookg fu"s| vf|fu;e]1976

lafo|ku }kjk fu|kZfjr dè mez d`h ckf¥d`kvkÍ ds` fookgij ^frcU|\

vUrjkZfT;d` ôklh dèZd`kjvf|fu;e] 1979

dq`N foæs" fu;tuh eÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, v¥x lsækSpk¥; ,oa Luku?jkÍ d`h O;oLƒk d`juk\

os';ko~f® fuokj. vf|fu;e]1986

efg¥kvkÍ d`ks vuSfrd` d`k;ksÛ eÍ nq:i;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ ij^frcU|\

L(h vfæÆV fuÔi. fu"s|vf|fu;e] 1986

efg¥kvkÍ ds` v'¥h¥ ^næZu ij ^frcU| ¥xkuk\

ngst fu"s| vf|fu;e] 1986 fookg eÍ ngst ds` ¥su-nsu ij ^frcU| d`h O;oLƒk\lrh fu"s| vf|fu;e] 1987 efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ifr d`h e~R;q ds` ckn lrh gksus ij ^frcU|\73ok∑ o 74ok∑ laæks|uvf|fu;e] 1992

efg¥kvkÍ d`ks f(Lrjh; iapk;rh o uxj ikf¥d`kvkÍ eÍ ,d`-frgkbZ vkj”. d`h O;oLƒk\

^lo iwoZ funku rdùhd`vf|fu;e] 1994

xHkZoLƒk eÍ ckf¥d`k Hzw. d`h igpku d`jus ij jksd` ¥xkusd`h O;oLƒk\

?js¥w ¯glk ls efg¥kvkÍ d`hlqj”k gsrq vf|fu;e] 2005

ifr ;k lkƒ jgus ok¥s fd`lh Hh iq:" ;k mlds`lEcfU|;kÍ d`h ¯glk ;k ^rkÈMuk ls iRuh ;k lkƒ jg jghfd`lh Hh efg¥k d`ks lqj”k ^nku d`juk\


Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk ds` vUrxZr efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h lqj”k gsrq O;oLƒkHkjrh; n≥M lafgrk efg¥k d`h lqj”k] leku xfjek ds` lkƒ jgus ds` f¥, ;fn

mlds` lkƒ d`ksbZ nqÆdèZ d`jrk gS] rks Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk mls n≥M fn¥kus ds` f¥,O;oLƒk d`jrh gS] tks bl ^d`kj gß%

Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk |kjk vf|d`re ltk/n≥M

ngst e~R;q 304 ch vkthou d`kjkoklL(h d`h lEefr ds` fcuk xHZikr d`kfjr d`juk 313 vkthou d`kjkoklvkSjr d`h æk¥hurk Hax d`jus d`h eaæk ls tcnZLrh d`juk 354 2 o"Zvigj.] Hxkuk ;k vkSjr d`ks æknh ds` f¥, etcwj d`juk 366 10 o"Zukckf¥x ¥ÈMd`h d`ks d`Cts eÍ j[uk 366 , 10 o"Zc¥kRd`kj 376 2 ls 10 o"Z/mez dS`nig¥h iRuh ds` thfor gksrs gq, nwljh æknh d`juk 494 7 o"Z|ks[k|ÈMh ls æknh d`h jLe iwjh d`juk 496 7 o"Zifr ;k mlds` fj'rsnkjkÍ }kjk vkSjr ij ∂w`jrk 498 , 3 o"Zefg¥k d`h æk¥hurk d`ks viekfur d`jus d`h eaæk lsviæCn d`guk ;k v'¥h¥ gjd`rÍ d`juk\

509 1 o"Z

efg¥kvkÍ ls lEcfU|r fod`kl ;kstuk,aHkjr ljd`kj }kjk efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, d`bZ fod`kl d`k;Z∂è ,oa d`Y;k.d`kjh

;kstukvkÍ d`k lapk¥u fd`;k tk jgk gS] rkfd` muds` thou Lrj eÍ lq|kj vk lds` vkSjfod`kl d`k;ksÛ eÍ mud`h vf|d`-ls-vf|d` Hkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr gks lds`\ ljd`kj }kjkefg¥kvkÍ ls lEcfU|r p¥kbZ tk jgh êq[ ;kstuk,a bl ^d`kj gß%

∂`\la\ ;kstukvkÍ d`k uke o"Z ;kstukvkÍ d`k mˆs';

1. MΩokd`jk ;kstuk (DWCRA) 1982 xzkeh. efg¥kvkÍ d`ks Lojkstxkj ds` voljmi¥C| d`jkrs gq, muds` LokLF;] fæ”k]iks"kgkj vkSj fææqvkÍ d`h ns[Hk¥ d`jus tSlhew¥Hwr lsok,a ^nku d`juk\

2. ukSjkM ^fæ”. ;kstuk 1989 efg¥kvkÍ d`ks O;olk;kÍ tSls njh] d`k¥hu] C¥kWd`¯^¯Vx] fpdù vkfn ls lEcfU|r ^fæ”. nsuk\

3. fd`æksjh ckf¥d`k ;kstuk 1992 xzkeh. xjhc ifjokjkÍ d`h ckf¥d`kvkÍ d`ks mfprLokLF; vkSj fæ”k d`h O;oLƒk d`juk\

4. ekr~ ,oa fææq LokLF;d`k;Z∂è

1992 fææqvkÍ vkSj ekrkvkÍ d`ks iks"kgkj mi¥C|d`jkd`j lqjf”r ekr~Ro ,oa Vhd`kd`j. vkfnds` ek÷;e ls fææq o e~R;q nj eÍ dèh ¥kuk\

5. efg¥k le~f* ;kstuk 1993 xzkeh. efg¥kvkÍ eÍ cpr d`h vknr Mk¥ukvkSj mUgÍ læDr d`juk\

6. jkÆV_h; efg¥k d`ks" d`h;kstuk,a(1) )`. ;kstuk(2) )`. ^ksRlkgu ;kstuk(3) Lo lgk;rk lewg ;kstuk(4) foi.u fo® ;kstuk

1993 xjhch d`h js[k ls uhps ds` ifjokj d`hefg¥kvkÍ eÍ vkfƒZd`] lkekftd` ifjorZu ¥kusds` f¥, mRiknu ds` f¥, )`. lEcU|h lqfo|k,ami¥C| d`jkd`j mud`h vk; cÈ<kuk\

7. jkÆV_h; ekr~Ro ¥kH ;kstuk 1994 xjhch js[k ls uhps d`h efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ^lwfr ds`f¥, vkfƒZd` lgk;rk ^nku d`juk\

8. bafnjk efg¥k ;kstuk 1995 xzkeh. vkSj ægjh cLrh d`h efg¥kvkÍ d`ksvkfƒZd` Ôi ls Loko¥Ecu ^nku d`juk\

9. xzkeh. efg¥k fod`kl ;kstuk 1996 xzkeh. efg¥kvkÍ d`h Hkxhnkjh eÍ o~f* d`juk,oa mUgÍ tkxÔd` d`juk\

10. ckf¥d`k le~f* ;kstuk 1997 xjhch js[k ls uhps ds` ifjokjkÍ eÍ tUe ¥susok¥h ckf¥d`k d`h ek∑ d`ks ikSfÆVd` vkgkj]ckf¥d`k d`h fæ”k gsrq lgk;rk ^nku d`juk\

11. efg¥k LoæfDr ;kstuk 1998 efg¥kvkÍ d`ks Lo;a lgk;rk lewgkÍ ds` ek÷;els vkfƒZd` o lkekftd` Ôi ls læDr cukuk\

12. L(h æfDr iqjLd`kj ;kstuk 2000 efg¥kvkÍ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ ds` f¥, la?"Z d`jusok¥h efg¥kvkÍ d`ks jkÆV_h; iqjLd`kjkÍ lslEekfur d`j ^ksRlkgu nsuk\ ;g iqjLd`kjfo“;kr ik∑p efg¥kvkÍ%nsoh vfgY;kckbZ] jkuh¥{ehckbZ] thtkckbZ] jkuh xSnsUY;w tsf¥;kaxvkSj dùkxh ds` uke ls fn;k tkrk gS\

jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx

jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx d`h Lƒkiuk 31tuojh] 1992 d`ks jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksxvf|fu;e] 1990 ds` }kjk nh xbZ\ vk;ksx eÍ,d` v÷;” ,oa ik∑p lnL; vkSj ,d` lnL;lfpo gksrk gS] ftud`h fu;qfDr dsÙnzh;ljd`kj d`jrh gS\ v÷;” ,oa lnL;kÍ d`kd`k;Zd`k¥ rhu o"Z d`k gksrk gS\ orZeku eÍvk;ksx d`h v÷;”k Jherh fxjtk O;kl gß\

jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx ds` êq[ d`k;Zbl ^d`kj gß%·d`‚ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, lafo|ku vkSj vU;

fof|;kÍ ds` v|hu micfU|r j”ksik;ksls lEcfU|r lHh fo";kÍ d`k vUos".vkSj ijh”k d`juk«

·[‚ mu j”ksik;kÍ ds` d`k;Zd`j. ds` ckjs eÍ^fro"Z dsÙnzh; ljd`kj d`ks fjiksVZnsuk«

·x‚ ,slh fjiksVksÛ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h næklq|kjus ds` f¥, la? ;k fd`lh jkT;}kjk mBk, x, j”ksik;kÍ ds` ^Hkohf∂`;kUo;u ds` f¥, flœ`kfjæ d`juk«

·?‚ lafo|ku vkSj vU; fof|;kÍ ds`micU|kÍ ds` efg¥kvkÍ ls lEcfU|rvfr∂è. ds` eke¥kÍ d`ks leqfpr^kf|d`kfj;kÍ ds` le” mBkuk«

·î‚ efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:* foHsn vkSjvR;kpkjkÍ ls lEcfU|r leL;kvkÍd`k v÷;;u ;k vUos". d`juk vkSjck|kvkÍ d`k irk ¥xkuk«

·p‚ efg¥kvkÍ ds` lkekftd` vkfƒZd`fod`kl d`h ;kstuk ^f∂`;k eÍ Hkx¥suk«

·N‚ la? vkSj fd`lh jkT; ds` v|huefg¥kvkÍ ds` fod`kl d`h ^xfr d`kewY;kadù d`juk«

·t‚ fd`lh ts¥] lq|kj x~g] efg¥kvkÍ d`hlaLƒk ;k vfHj”k ds` vU; Lƒkud`k tgk∑ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks cUnh ds` ÔieÍ j[k tkrk gS fujh”. d`juk ;kd`jokuk vkSj d`k;Zokgh gsrq vko';d`gks] lEcfU|r ^kf|d`kfj;kÍ ls ckrphrd`juk«

·>‚ d`ksbZ vU; fo"; ftls ds Unzh; ljd`kjfufnZÆV d`js\

jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx ds` v¥kok d`bZjkT;kÍ eÍ Hh efg¥k vk;ksx d`k xBu gkspqd`k gS\ blds` v¥kok ljd`kj }kjkefg¥kvkÍ ds` læfDrd`j. gsrq jkÆV_h; uhfrds` Ôi eÍ ‘efg¥k læfDrd`j. uhfr%2001’ cukbZ xbZ gS] tks efg¥kvkÍ ds`pgqeq[h fod`kl d`k ekxZ ^æLr d`jrh gS\

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vLlh ds` næd` rd` fæ”k txrΩ eÍ‘foKku lad`k;’ d`h i~ÆBHwfe ok¥s fo»kƒhZd`ks lokZf|d` lEekutud` n~fÆV ls ns[ktkrk ƒk vkSj ml le; ^R;sd` ekrk–firkvius cPps d`ks MkWDVj ;k bathfu;j cukusds` f¥, ^;Ruæh¥ jgrk ƒk\ fdÙrq uCcs ds`næd` ls ^kjEH gq, oS'ohd`j. ds` nkSj eÍ‘^cU| fo";’ d`h vksj lHh d`k :>kufujUrj cÈ<rk tk jgk gS\

le; p∂` ds` ifjofrZr ifjosæ eÍtSls–tSls fuxe laLÎ`fr (Corporate Cul-ture) d`k ^Hko cÈ<rk tk jgk gS] oSls–oSls^cU| vkSj blls lEc* fofæÆV ikBΩ;∂èkÍd`h ¥ksd`f^;rk vuojrΩ Ôi ls cÈ<rh tkjgh gS\ bu ikBΩ;∂èkÍ eÍ ,e\ ch\ ,\ vƒkZrΩ(Master of Business Administration–MBA) vkSj blds` led`” ekU;rk ^kIrikBΩ;∂èkÍ ;ƒk% ,e\ ,e\ ,l\] ,e\ vkbZ\ch\ ,e\] ih\ th\ ih\ ,e\] ,e\ Vh\ ,e\],e\ lh\ ,e\ vkfn eÍ nkf[¥k ¥sus ds` f¥,fo»kfƒZ;kÍ d`k gqtwe meÈM jgk gS] ogÓnwljh vksj bu ikBΩ;∂èkÍ d`ks ifjiw.Z d`jvkSipkfjd` fMxzh gkfl¥ d`jus ok¥sfo»kfƒZ;kÍ d`h ek∑x fujUrj cÈ<rh tk jgh gS\

O;kolkf;d` fl*kUrkÍ vkSj ^cU|d`h;d`kSæ¥ ij vk|kfjr ,e\ch\,\ d`h fMxzhtgk∑ ,d` vksj fo»kƒhZ d`ks oS;fâ`d` O;olk;vkSj Lojkstxkj ds` f¥, mR^sfjr d`jrh gS]ogÓ nwljh vksj ljd`kjh ;k futh ;k xSj¥kHd`kjh laxBukÍ d`h ^cU|u leL;kvkÍd`k oSKkfud` o Rofjr lek|ku [kstus ds`¥k;d` Hh cukrh gS\ Lukrd`ks®j Lrj dsìkBΩ;∂èkÍ eÍ lokZf|d` ^frÆBk ^kIr d`jusok¥k ,e\ ch\ ,\ d`k ikBΩ;∂è fo»kfƒZ;kÍd`ks ¥{;kÍ vkSj mi¥fC|;kÍ ds` ^fr lexzvkSj O;ofLƒr n~fÆVd`ks. ^nku d`jus ds`lkƒ–lkƒ mueÍ vkRe–lEiUurk (SelfEnrichment) d`k ekSf¥d` vk|kj Hh l~ftrd`jrk gS\

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eÍ vfHo~f* d`j ld`rk gS\ vktd`¥ mi;qZDrf∂`;kRed` ^cU| fo";kÍ d`ks m»ksx foæs"ds` lkƒ tksÈMd`j vfr fofæfÆVd`j. ijvk|kfjr ikBΩ;∂èkÍ d`k ^p¥u Hh fujUrjcÈ<rk tk jgk gS tSls%ekcZ¥ m»ksx eÍ lkexzh^cU|u vƒok isV_ksf¥;e m»ksx eÍ foi.u^cU|u vkfn\ m»ksx foæs" d`h fofæÆVleL;kvkÍ vkSj pqukSfr;kÍ d`k lE;d` lek|ku[kstus ok¥s fofæÆV vkSj isæsoj ^cU|d`kÍd`h ek∑x Hh fujUrj cÈ<rh tk jgh gS\

vkfƒZd` foI¥o ls (Lr Hkjr tSlsvusd` fod`klksUeq[h jkÆV_kÍ eÍ ^fæf”risæsoj ^cU|d`kÍ d`h cÈ<rh gqbZ vuojr ek∑xd`ks ns[rs gq, ;g d`gk tk ld`rk gS fd`v÷;;uæh¥] ifjJeh vkSj egRokd`ka”hfo»kƒhZ ^cU| fo"; d`h lq^frfÆBr Lukr-d`ks®j fMxzh vƒkZrΩ ,e\ch\,\ d`h fMxzhgkfl¥ d`jus d`k fu.Z; ¥s ld`rs gß rƒkm®e dS`fj;j d`h æqÔvkr d`jds` viusHfoÆ; d`ks mTTo¥ o lqugjk cuk ld`rsgß\

ôsæ ^f∂`;k

vkt nqfu;k Hj ds` fctusl Ldw`¥kÍrƒk ^cU| ^fæ”. laLƒkukÍ }kjk ,e\ ch\ ,\d`k ikBΩ;∂è fofo| LoÔikÍ ;ƒk% f}o"hZ;,e\ch\,\] ,dò"hZ; ,e\ch\,\] vkWu ¥kbuo nwjLƒ fæ”k% ,e\ch\,\] bZ%,e\ch\,\vkfn eÍ lapkf¥r fd`;k tkrk gS\ bueÍôsæ ekin≥M Hh fHUu–fHUu gksrs gß] d`ksbZlaLƒk jkÆV_ ;k jkT;Lrjh; ôsæ ijh”k d`hesfjV ds` vk|kj ij ôsæ nsrh gS\ ogÓnwljh vksj vusd` laLƒku viuh ^frÆBkd`ks d`k;e cuk, j[us ds` mˆs'; ls Lo;a}kjk vk;ksftr ijh”k eÍ m®h.Z fo»kfƒZ;kÍd`ks gh ôsæ nsrh gß\

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^cU| d`k;Z∂è d`k ^fæ”. fn;k tkrk gSftls PGPM–Post Graduate Pro-gramme in Management ds` uke lsiqd`kjk tkrk gS\ oSf'od` ^cU| txrΩ eÍmPp xq.o®k ds` lkƒ ¥ksd`f^;rk ds` ^fr-eku js[kafd`r d`jus ok¥s bl ikBΩ;∂è d`ksHkjrh; fo'ofo»k¥;kÍ }kjk ^nku d`h tkusok¥h ,e\ ch\ ,\ d`h fMxzh ds` led`” ekU;rk^kIr gS\

nsæ d`h lHh vkbZ\ vkbZ\ ,elΩ ds` }kjkih\ th\ ih\ ,e\ eÍ ôsæ nsus ds` f¥, ‘dS`V’(Common Admission Test–CAT)uked` ôsæ ijh”k d`k vk;kstu fd`;k tkrkgS\ ftleÍ Lukrd` fMxzh|kjd` cSB ld`rk gS\rRi'pkrΩ v˙;ƒhZ d`ks lewg–ifjppkZ vkSjO;fâ`xr lk”kRd`kj ds` f¥, vkefU(r fd`;ktkrk gS vkSj dq`¥ esfjV ds` vk|kj ij ôsæfn;k tkrk gS\ ^R;sd` o"Z tq¥kbZ ls ^kjEHgksus ok¥s uohu l(Ω ds` f¥, dS`V d`h ijh”kfoxr o"Z ds` uoEcj ekg eÍ gh vk;ksftrd`j ¥h tkrh gS\ mY¥s[uh; gS fd` nsæ d`hvU; vusd` ^cU|d`h; ^fæ”. laLƒkukÍ}kjk ôsæ nsus ds` f¥, dS`V eÍ vftZr esfjVLd`ksj d`ks gh vk|kj ekuk tkrk gS\

dS`V ôsæ ijh”k eÍ Verbal Abilityand Reading Comprehension; Prob-lem Solving and Quantitative Apti-tude; Data Interpretation and DataSufficiency vkfn ls lEcfU|r ^'u iwNstkrs gß\

gk¥ gh eÍ nsæ d`h lkrkÍ vkbZ\ vkbZ\,elΩ }kjk tkjh foKfIr ds` vuqlkj uoEcj2009 eÍ vk;ksT; ‘dS`V’ ijh”k vc vkWu-¥kbu <ax ls vk;ksftr d`h tk,xh] ftlComputer Based Test–CBT ds` uke lsiqd`kjk tkrk gS\ 10 fnu ds` f¥, nsæ ds 25ægjkÍ eÍ vk;ksT; ‘vkWu ¥kbu–dSS`V’ eÍrhu ¥k[ ls vf|d` fo»kfƒZ;kÍ ds` cSBusd`h lEHkouk gS\

f}rh; oxZ eÍ mu ^fæ”. laLƒkukÍ]fo'ofo»k¥;kÍ] d`kW¥stkÍ d`ks lfEef¥r fd`;ktkrk gS tks ôsæ gsrq ; k rk s Lo;a d`hijh”k d`k vk;kstu d`jrh gß vƒok AllIndia Management Aptitude TestingService–AIMATS }kjk vk;ksftr ‘esV’(Management Aptitude Test–MAT) eÍvftZr ^kIrkad`kÍ ds` vk|kj ij ôsæ nsrh gß\bl ijh”k d`k vk;kstu jkÆV_h; Lrj ds`lkƒ–lkƒ jkT; Lrj ij Hh fd`;k tkrk gS\

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jkstxkj lEHkouk,avkt lEiw.Z fo'o eÍ ‘^cU|’ d`ks

lkekftd` o vkfƒZd` mUufr d`h egRoiw.Zcqfu;kn ds` Ôi eÍ Lohd`kj fd`;k tk jgk gSrƒk ‘lœ`¥ ^cU| O;oLƒk’ d`ks ^xfr dsì;kZ; ds` Ôi eÍ ekU;rk fe¥ pqd`h gS\ vkt^cU| d`kSæ¥ ds` c¥ ij gh Hw¥ o lq|kjfof|] vaxwBs d`k fu;e] inkƒZoknh n~fÆVd`ks.vkfn d`ks gVkuk lEHo gks ik;k gS\ vk|qfud`^cU|d` oSKkfud` vuqla|ku] fo'¥s". ofuoZpu ds` vk|kj ij leL;kvkÍ d`k lVhd`lek|ku [kstrk gS rƒk O;ogkjoknh n~fÆV-d`ks. vkSj ^.k¥h fpUru ij c¥ nsrk gS\

gk¥kafd` Hkjr eÍ ipkl ds` næd` eÍ^cU| fæ”k d`k chtkjksi. gks x;k ƒk]fdÙrq bl ”s( eÍ uohu ;qx d`k v˙;qn;ml le; gqvk tc uCcs ds` næd` eÍ ,¥\ih\ th\ vo|kj.k (Liberalisation, Pri-vatisation and Globlization Concept)ij vk|kfjr oSf'od` ¥gj d`k vuqlj.d`jrs gq, nsæ eÍ vkfƒZd` lq|kj d`k;Z∂èkÍd`k æqHkjEH fd`;k x;k\ bu d`k;Z∂èkÍ d`ksxfr nsus ds` f¥, ¥xHx ^R;sd` ”s(%cß¯d`x]chek] ifjogu] lapkj] m»ksx] cktkj] Î`f"]O;kikj vkfn eÍ ^fæf”r ^cU|d`kÍ d`hvko';d`rk eglwl d`h xbZ vkSj nsæ eÍ^cU| fæ”k ds` fod`kl o foLrkj ij c¥fn;k x;k\ ifj.ker# jkÆV_ ,oa jkT; Lrjij ^cU| fo"; eÍ Lukrd` o Lukrd`ks®jLrj d`h fæ”k nsus ok¥h laLƒkukÍ d`k rk∑rklk ¥x x;k\ vkt gekjs nsæ eÍ Hh^cU|d`h; Kku d`ks ,d` ‘lqO;ofLƒr fo";’ds` Ôi eÍ ekU;rk fe¥ pqd`h gS rƒk ;grsth ls isæsd`j. d`h fnæk eÍ d`ne cÈ<kjgk gS\

orZeku le; eÍ gekjs nsæ eÍ 800 lsHh vf|d` ,sls laLƒku gß] tks ^cU| fo";eÍ fMxzh ;k fMI¥ksek ;k lfVZfœ`ds`V d`kslZd`k lapk¥u d`j jgs gß vkSj ^fro"Z pk¥hlgtkj ^fæf”r ^cU|d`kÍ d`ks jkstxkj ^kIrgks jgk gS\ ,d` losZ ds` vuqlkj gk¥kafd`vkt Hkjr vkS»ksfxdòkn vkSj rdùhd`hdq`æ¥rk rƒk lsok n”rk ds` ekxZ ijvxzlj gks pqd`k gS] fœ`j Hh ;gk∑ ds` Î`f"]O;kikj] chek] ifjogu] cß¯d`x vkfn ”s(fod`flr jkÆV_kÍ d`h rq¥uk eÍ ^Hkoh ^cU|uds` vHko eÍ fiNÈMs gq, gß\ vr# bu ”s(kÍd`k okafNr fod`kl d`jus gsrq l”e] dq`æ¥o ^fæf”r ^cU|d`kÍ d`ks rS;kj d`juk le;d`h ek∑x cu pqd`h gS\ bl d`Vq lR; d`ksn~fÆVxr j[rs gq, fuf'pr Ôi ls ;gd`gk tk ld`rk gS fd` Hkjr eÍ dq`æ¥^cU|d`kÍ d`h ek∑x cuh gqbZ gS rƒk HfoÆ;eÍ blds` d`bZ xquk cÈ<us d`h lEHkouk gS\,d` ^cU| fopkjd` ds` erkuqlkj vktgekjs nsæ eÍ fod`kl tÔjrkÍ d`ks iwjk d`jus

ds` f¥, ^fro"Z d`jhc ,d` ¥k[ ^fæf”r^cU|d`kÍ d`h tÔjr gS] tcfd` nsæ eÍ^fro"Z dsò¥ 40 gtkj ^cU|d` gh rS;kjgksrs gß\ vr# LiÆV gS fd` vkus ok¥s le;eÍ ^fæf”r ^cU|d`kÍ d`h ek∑x vkSj cÈ<sxh\

orZeku ^frLi|kZRed` ifjosæ eÍ viukcktkj fgLlk cÈ<kus] ^frÆBk eÍ vfHo~f*d`jus rƒk m®jthfork d`ks d`k;e j[us ds`f¥, cgqjkÆV_h; dÈifu;kÍ] vkS»ksfxd` lewgkÍ]okf.fT;d` o fo®h; laLƒkukÍ] chek dÈifu;kÍvkfn ds` }kjk ^fæf”r o n” ^cU|d`kÍ d`ksvR;Ur gh vkd`"Zd` ikfjJfed` fn;k tkrkgS\ ^frfÆBr fæ”. laLƒkukÍ ls ,e\ch\,\o blds` led`” fMxzh ¥sus ok¥s v˙;ƒhZokafNr okf"Zd` iSds`t ¥sus eÍ lœ`¥ gks jgs gß\nwljh vksj lk|kj. fo'ofo»k¥; ;k d`kW¥stls ,e\ ch\ ,\ d`jus ok¥s v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`kseanhd`k¥ ds` mijkUr Hh 3 ls 4 ¥k[ :\d`k okf"Zd` iSds`t fe¥ jgk gS\ rRi'pkrΩvuqHo vkSj ;ksX;rk eÍ vfHo~f* gksus ijmPp inkÍ ij êksæu gks tkrk gS rƒkikfjJfed` o lk|u–lqfo|k,a cÈ< tkrh gß\

xkSjr¥c rF; ;g Hh gS fd` tks fo»kƒhZ,e\ ch\ ,\ ;k led`” Lukrd`ks®j ikBΩ;-∂è ds ek÷;e ls ^cU| fæ”k vftZr d`jusd`h vfH¥k"k j[rs gß mUgÍ dS`V ;k eSV ;kvU; ôsæ ijh”k d`h lEiw.Z tkud`kjhd`jrss gq, ijh”k iSVuZ vkSj p;u ^f∂`;k lslEcfU|r ^R;sd` Hkx d`h ifjiw.Z rS;kjhd`juh pkfg,] rkfd` mUgÍ m®e ^fæ”.laLƒku eÍ nkf[¥k fe¥ lds`\ ^frfÆBrlaLƒku ls fæ”k ^kIr d`jds` os u dsò¥vkfƒZd` n~fÆV ls cfYd` lkekftd` lEekud`h n~fÆV ls Hh mPp ^cU|d` ;k vf|æklhvf|d`kjh cu ld`rs gß vkSj vius m®edS`fj;j d`k liuk lkd`kj d`j ld`rs gß\

,e\ch\,\ vkSj led`” ikBΩ;∂èkÍd`h êq[ ôsæ ijh”k,a ,d` utj eÍ

CAT (Common Admission Test)

laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrhgS%lHh Hkjrh; ^cU| laLƒkuÍ [IIMs]

ijh”k d`k ekg%November

^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%☛ Verbal Ability and Reading Com-

prehension☛ Problem Solving and Quantitative

Aptitude☛ Data Interpretation and Data Suffi-

ciency

osclkbV%www.catiim.in

MAT (Management Aptitude Test)

laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrhgS%All India Management AptitudeTesting Serivce [AIMATS]

ijh”k d`k ekg%February, May, Septemberand December

^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%☛ Data Analysis and Data Sufficiency

☛ Mathematics

☛ Intelligence and Critical Reasoning

☛ Language Comprehension

☛ Indian and Global Environment

osclkbV%www.aima-ind.org

XAT (XLRI Aptitude Test)

laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrhgS%Xavier Labour Research Institute,Jamshedpur

ijh”k d`k ekg%January

^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%☛ Quantitative Ability and Reasoning

☛ Decision Making

☛ Verbal Ability and ReadingComprehension

☛ Essay Writing

osclkbV%www.xlri.edu.

CET (Common Entrance Test)

laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrhgS%Institutions of Maharashtra

ijh”k d`k ekg%February

^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%☛ Verbal Ability and Verbal Reasoning☛ Reading Comprehension☛ Problem Solving and Data Inter-

pretation☛ Logical Reasoning & Visual

ReasoningosclkbV%www.dte.org.in/mba

FMS (Test for Faculty ManagementStudies)

laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrhgS%Delhi University

ijh”k d`k ekg%January

^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%☛ Verbal Ability and Reading

Comprehension☛ Logical Reasoning☛ Quantitative Aptitude and Data

Interpretation

osclkbV%www.fms.edu

SNAP (Symbosis National AptitudeTest)

laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrhgS%P.G. Institutions of Symbosis Univer-sity : SIBM, SICSR, SIMS, SCMHRD,SIG etc.ijh”k d`k ekg%December^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%☛ General English

æs" i~ÆB 723 ij


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uDl¥okn # vkUrfjd` lqj”k d`kspqukSrh

uDl¥h leL;k vkUrfjd` lqj”k d`hlcls cÈMh pqukSrh gS] D;kÍfd` ;g d`kuwu–O;oLƒk ls tqÈMh leL;k gS\ dsÙnz ,oa jkT;ljd`kjkÍ us uDl¥ ^Hkfor ”s(kÍ d`h næk–fnæk d`ks n~fÆVxr j[ xjhckÍ] csjkstxkjkÍ]cslgkjk ¥ksxkÍ] vke|kjk ls fo¥x vfæf”rkÍvkSj vYi fæf”r ¥ksxkÍ ds` fufgrkƒZ vusd`;kstukvkÍ] Î`"d` lsok dsÙnzkÍ ,oa vkS»ksfxd`fod`kl dsÙnzkÍ d`k ^kÔi rS;kj d`j ^HkforjkT;kÍ eÍ Hstk] ijUrq ^æklfud` Lrj ijuDlf¥;kÍ ds` fojks|oæ] ;kstuk,a lghfnæk eÍ d`k;kZfUor ugÓ gks ik jgh gß\uDlf¥;kÍ d`ks muds` ”s(kÍ eÍ vusd`jktuhfrd` n¥kÍ usrkvkÍ d`k laj”. ^kIrgS\ ftuds` lgkjs jktuhfrd` n¥ viuh–viuh jksVh lÍd` jgs gß\ lE^fr vU;n¥h; ljd`kjkÍ d`h ;kstukvkÍ d`k fojks|hn¥ ¥kxw d`jus vkSj d`jokus ij tksjMk¥rs gß uDlf¥;kÍ ds` fojks| vkSjvkrad` ds` vkxs ;kstuk,a rks D;k] ubZ–ubZvkS»ksfxd` dÈifu;k∑ vius d`ks LƒkfirugÓ d`j ik jgh gß\ ^æklfud` Lrj ijcÈMs ls cÈMs vf|d`kjh bu uDl¥ ^Hkfor”s(kÍ eÍ tkus ls cpuk pkg jgs gß] d`gusd`k rkRi;Z viuh tku ds` ^fr H;krqj gß\lhekikj ls uohure gfƒ;kjkÍ ds` v¥kokeknd` inkƒksÛ d`h ^kfIr d`ks uDlf¥;kÍ usviuk O;olk; cukd`j jkT; eÍ ‘H; d`kvkrad`’ Lƒkfir d`j fn;k gS\ bUgÍ vke|kjk eÍ ¥kus ds` vƒd` ^;kl foœ`¥ gksx, gß\ ^Hkfor ”s(kÍ eÍ ¥ksd` lHk ;kfo|ku lHk ds` pquko d`jokuk\ lh\ vkj\ ih\,œ`\] jkT; d`h iqf¥l o [qfœ`;k ,tÍfl;kÍus eq“; leL;k ekuk gS\

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●●●

Just Released

By : Dr. L. M. Prasad

● E-mail : [email protected]● Website : www.upkar.in

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

Code No. 1673 Price : Rs. 75/-

Useful for Various Competitive Exams. and Professional Courses


MkW\ ';ke lqUnj ¯lg pkSgku

jktuhfrd` ¥s[

Hkjrh; jkÆV_oknh fpUru

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Hkjrh; iqutkZxj. vkSj jkÆV_okn

lks¥goÓ ,oa l(goÓ ærkCnh eÍ mitk;wjksih; iqutkZxj. I¥sVks] vjLrw ,oa flljksds` fuÆd`"ksÛ d`h ifjofrZr lkekftd`–jkt-uhfrd` ifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ u, fljs ls mud`hO;k“;k ek( ugÓ ƒk ojuΩ og Lora( ,oack|kjfgr ckSf*d` tk∑p d`ks vius vki eÍækfe¥ fd`, gq, ƒk\ isV_kæ (1304–1374),oa cksd`kfl;ks (1313–1375) us ekuothouds` egRo ,oa tfV¥ ekuoh; vfLrRo d`ksvƒZiw.Zr# le>k;k rks ,jslel (1466–1536) us ekuorkokn ij ^d`kæ Mk¥k\÷;ku nsus ok¥h ckr ;g gS fd` Hkjr eÍiqutkZxj. vkUnks¥u ;wjksih; iqutkZxj.d`h rq¥uk eÍ vf|d` ^c¥ ƒk\ jktkjk|kd`kUr nso (1784–1867) us laLÎ`rHk"k ds` egkuΩ xzUƒ æCn d`Yinzqe ·ik∑p[≥M‚ eÍ osnkÍ] mifu"nkÍ] xhrk rƒk iqjk.kÍd`h eg®k d`ks iquLƒkZfir fd`;k\ mUuhloÓærkCnh ds` vfUre rhu næd`kÍ eÍ Hxoku

¥k¥ bUnzth] jkeÎ`Æ. xksik¥ H≥Mkjd`j]jktsUnz¥k¥ fe( rƒk ck¥xaxk|j fr¥d` uslkezkT;oknh fopkj|kjk d`k [ks[¥kiufl* d`jus d`k ^;kl fd`;k rHh ls Hkjrh;iqjkru fopkjkÍ d`k v÷;;u eqq“;r;k jkÆV_-oknh fopkj|kjk ls vuq^kf.r jgk\ jkÆV_oknhfopkj|kjk ds fopkjd`kÍ us Vh\ ,p\ gDl¥s]MkfoZu] fe¥ ,oa LisUlj ds` fopkjkÍ ls^Hkfor uo–fæf”r Hkjrh;kÍ ds` vk÷;kRefojks|h rƒk jkÆV_oknh fojks|h fopkjkÍ d`ks ,d`fljs ls ud`kj fn;k\ iqutkZxj. d`h ;gHkouk jktuhfrd` rƒk vkfƒZd` n~fÆV lsæfâ`æk¥h mn≥M ik'pkR; l˙;rk }kjk^Lrqr d`h tk jgh pqukSfr;kÍ ds` fo:* ,d`^frf∂`;k ƒh\ if'pe d`h eæhuh l˙;rk rƒkHkjr d`h gtkjkÍ o"Z iqjkuh lkaLÎ`frd` ,oa|kfeZd` l˙;rk ds chp ds bl la?"Z ls HkjreÍ ,d` ,sls uohu jkÆV_okn d`k mn; gqvkftlus egkRek xka|h] tokgj ¥k¥ usgÔ]xksik¥ Î`Æ. xks[¥s] ck¥xaxk|j fr¥d`]vjfoUn ?ks"] ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk;] fofiupUnz ik¥ ds` usr~Ro eÍ lR;] v¯glk vkSjlR;kxzg tSls uSfrd` gfƒ;kjkÍ ds` c¥ ijrkRd`kf¥d` nkSj ds` lokZf|d` æfâ`æk¥hvk∂`kUrkvkÍ fczrkfu;kÍ d`ks Hkjr NksÈMus ijck÷; d`j fn;k\

fczrkuh æklu ds` ^kjfEHd` nkSj eÍ HkjreÍ jkÆV_oknh fopkj|kjk ds` mn; eÍ rhu rRokÍus lokZf|d` egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k fuHkbZ\

^ƒe jktk jkeeksgu jk; (1772–1833), nsosUnzukƒ Bkdq`j (1817–1905)rƒk ds`æopUnz lsu (1838–1884) dsùsr~Ro eÍ cz©lekt vkUnks¥u us lkaLÎ`frd`]ekuorkoknh rƒk lkekftd` d`k;ksÛ eÍ caxk¥eÍ egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k fuHkbZ\ cz©lektvkUnks¥u ,d`rRookn] ckSf*d` foosd`-æh¥rk] mifu"nkÍ ds` ,d`Rookn] tSlsfoæq* Hkjrh;okn ds` lkƒ–lkƒ bZlkf;rd`h vPNkb;kÍ d`ks Hh vius eÍ lekfgr fd`,gq, ƒk\

cz©lekt us Hkjrh; lekt d`h tÈMrkij ^gkj fd`;k\ bld`h lcls cÈMh nsu ;gd`gÓ tk ld`rh gS fd` blus vk|qfud` Hkjr,oa Hkjrh;rk ds` fuekZrkvkÍ%txnhæ pUnzclq] jfoUnzukƒ Bkdq`j] cztsUnzukƒ L;k¥rƒk fofiu pUnz ik¥ d`ks ^Hkfor fd`;k\

f}rh; Hkjrh; jkÆV_okn ds` fuekZ. eÍvk;Zlekt ,d` vU; êq[ vkUnks¥u jgk\10 v^S¥] 1875 d`ks Lokeh n;kuUnljLorh }kjk Lƒkfir vk;Zlekt us ‘osnkÍd`h vksj p¥ks’ d`k ukjk fn;k\ mUgkÍus c¥nsd`j d`gk fd` osnkÍ–mifu"nkÍ–iqjk.kÍ d`kv÷;;u d`jus d`k vf|d`kj lHh ukxfjd`kÍd`ks gS\ Lokeh n;kuUn d`h d`k¥t;h Î`fr‘lR;kƒZ ^d`kæ’ eÍ fgUnw |eZ eÍ O;kIrdq`jhfr;kÍ ij ^gkj `fd`;k x;k\ ¥k¥k


galjkt rƒk J*kuUn us ∂èæ# Mh\ ,\oh\ d`kW¥st] ¥kgkSj rƒk xq:dq`¥ d`kaxÈMh]gfj}kj d`h Lƒkiuk d`h\ ckn eÍ m®jHkjr ds` vU; ægjkÍ eÍ ik'pkR; vaxzsthfo»k¥;kÍ ds` lekukUrj Mh\ ,\ oh\ d`kW¥stkÍd`h Lƒkiuk d`h tks jkÆV_okn d`h fnæk eÍ,d` cÈMk d`ne ƒk\

r~rh; jkeÎ`Æ. ijegal rƒk muds`fæÆ; Lokeh foosd`kuUn us oSfnd` ¥s[kÍ ,oa;wjksih; næZu nksukÍ ds` chp lkeatL;Lƒkfir d`jus d`k ^;kl fd`;k\ foosd`kuUnus luΩ 1893 eÍ fæd`kxks |eZ-laln eÍvkRefuHZjrk] lqn~È<rk ,oa fo'ocU|qRod`k lansæ fn;k\ ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk; rƒklqHk" pUnz cksl us Lokeh foosd`kuUn d`kscaxk¥h jkÆV_okn d`k uk;d` nsonwr crk;k\

jkÆV_oknh fopkj|kjk caxk¥] m®jhHkjr rƒk iatkc rd` gh lhfer ugÓ jgh\blus nf”. eÍ enzkl eÍ ohjjk?okpk;Z]lqCckjko iqUrq¥w jax…;k uk;Mw] th\lqcz©≥;e v…;j ds` usr~Ro eÍ vk÷;kfRed`rƒk ckSf*d` Ôi ls ^Hko Mk¥k\

egkjkÆV_ eÍ jkÆV_okn d`k mn; lekt-lq|kj oknh vkUnks¥ukÍ rƒk fæ”k ds` ^lkjds` Ôi eÍ gqvk\ T;ksfrck œq`¥s us 1873 eÍlR;æks|d` lekt d`h Lƒkiuk d`h\ luΩ1867 eÍ ds`æopUnz lsu us ^kƒZuk lektd`h Lƒkiuk d`h\ vkj\ th\ H≥Mkjd`j]egknso xksfoUn jkukMs] ,u th pUnkojd`jus ^kƒZuk lekt ds` ek÷;e ls fo|okiqufoZokg] vUrtkZrh; fookg rƒk ,d`-nwljs ds` lkƒ [ku–iku ds` lEcU|kÍ d`ksfod`flr d`jus tSls lq|kjoknh mik;kÍ ds`lkƒ–lkƒ fu|ZukÍ ,oa oafprkÍ ds` mRƒkugsrq d`k;Z fd`;k\ lekt lq|kjkÍ ds` f¥,lrrΩ ^;Ruæh¥ jgs vkj\ th\ H≥Mkjd`jus u dsò¥ lkjs Hkjr eÍ ojuΩ fo'oHj eÍ,d` egkuΩ nkæZfud` ,oa laLÎ`r ds` fo}kuΩds` Ôi eÍ vikj “;kfr vftZr d`h\Hkjr d`h x.ra(kRed` ækluO;oLƒk rƒk jkÆV_okn

vaxzsth æklud`k¥ ds` nkSjku vkSjmlds` ckn] ik'pkR; ¥s[d`kÍ ,oa muls^Hkfor Hkjrh; fopkjd`kÍ us vius ¥s[kÍ/æks|i(kÍ us ;g fl* d`jus d`k ^;klfd`;k fd` Hkjr eÍ jkT; ;k Lonsæ d`k Hkod`Hh txk gh ugÓ vkSj fd`lh jktuhfrd`lafo|ku d`k fod`kl rks og oSpkfjd`|jkr¥ ij Hh ugÓ d`j ik;k\ Hkjrh;kÍ d`ksæklu d`jus d`k Kku ugÓ ƒk rƒk Hkjrh;ækld`kÍ d`k eq“; ÷;s; d`j olw¥uk rƒkviuh ^tk ij ^paMre c¥ ^;ksx d`jukƒk\ bl ^d`kj d`h feF;ko|kj.kvkÍ d`km®j Hkjrh; fopkjd`kÍ us fn;k\ ,\ lh\nkl us vius ,d` ¥s[ (1907) eÍ rkfdZ`d`<ax ls d`gk fd` ∏;g ekuuk x¥r gksxk

fd` fgUnw LosPNkpkjh æklu ds` v˙;Lr jgsgß vkSj bl nsæ eÍ ,d` lqLiÆV æfâ` ds`Ôi eÍ ¥ksd`ra( d`k vfLRo d`Hh ugÓ jgk……… tks jktra( ^kphu Hkjr eÍœw ¥k–œ`¥k] og fujadq æ ugÓ] cfYd` lhferjktra( ƒk\π ik'pR; fopkjd` Hw¥ tkrsgß fd` ¥ksd` d`Y;k.d`kjh jkT; d`hvo|kj.k d`k ew¥ ‘jkejkT;’ d`hvo|kj.k eÍ fufgr gS\ Hkjr ds` tuekulds` eu eÍ jps–cls Jh jke us ftl ^d`kjd`h æklu-^.k¥h fod`flr d`h oSlh vktrd` d`gÓ Hh fod`flr ugÓ gks ikbZ\ Jhjkejktk ·ækld`‚ vo'; ƒs] ¥sfdù muds`f¥, viuh ^tk ·lkekU; |ksch‚ ds` fopkjkÍd`k egRo dè ugÓ ƒk\ d`kæh ^lkntk;lok¥ ds` 1912–1915 ds` chp ‘ekMuZfjO;w’ eÍ ^d`kfær jkÆV_oknh ¥s[kÍ d`klad`¥u luΩ 1924 eÍ ‘fgUnw ikWf¥Vh’ eÍ^d`kfær gqvk ftleÍ mUgkÍus ;g fl*d`jus d`k ^;kl fd`;k fd` ^kphu Hkjr d`kjktuhfrd` È<k∑pk ,ƒÍl ds` uxj x.ra(kÍvkSj vaær# fczrkuh æklu-^.k¥h ds` ghvuqÔi ƒk\ bleÍ ikSj rƒk tkuikn tSlhtulHk,a ƒÓ tks jkT; æfâ` ij vadq`æj[rh ƒÓ\…… ;s fud`k; mu laLƒkvkÍ lsvf|d` mUur ƒÓ ftu ij vk|qfud`fLoVΩtj¥S≥M ;k la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k xoZd`jrk gS\…… fgUnqvkÍ }kjk d`h xbZlaoS|kfud` ^xfr d`ks ekr nsus d`h ckr rksnwj] mld`h cjkcjh Hh lEHor# d`ksbZ^kphu jkT; O;oLƒk ugÓ d`j ld`rh…… mud`h ·fgUnqvkÍ‚ æklu-^.k¥h d`kLof.Ze ;qx ek( vrhr d`h pht ugÓ gS]cfYd` ;g HfoÆ; eÍ Hh fufgr gS\π

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MkW\ txnhæ æj.

vehj [qljks d`k fgUnh ds` fod`kl eÍ ;ksxnku

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luΩ 1325 bZ\ eÍ [qljks d`k fu|u gksx;k\ fnY¥h eÍ xq: futkeqˆhu vkSf¥;k d`heÈtkj ds` fud`V gh [qljks d`h eÈtkj cukbZxbZ] tks vkt Hh ekStwn gS\

[qljks ds` œ`kjlh eÍ f¥f[r rhu xzaƒekus tkrs gß%vÈœ`Èt¥-m¥-dòk;n]È[kf¥Èd`ckjh vkSj uqg flisgj\ ig¥s xzaƒ eÍ[qljks us vius xq: gÈtjr fuÈtkeqˆhuvkSf¥;k ds` opukÍ vkSj mud`h fæ”kvkÍ d`kslad`f¥r fd`;k gS\ nwljh iqLrd` ds` ckjs eÍ;g Hze gS fd` ;g fd`lh vU; ¥s[d`[qljksækg d`h f¥[h gqbZ gS\

[qljks d`h ^flf* fgUnh-txrΩ eÍmuds` }kjk fgUnh eÍ f¥[h xbZ igsf¥;kÍ]eqd`fj;kÍ] fulcrkÍ] nks l[qukÍ vkSj <d`ksl¥kÍds` d`kj. gh ekuh tkrh gS\ [ÈMh cks¥h ds`vkfn LoÔi d`ks tkuus ds` f¥, mud`heqd`fj;k∑ vkSj igsf¥;k∑ vkfn jpuk,a,sfrgkfld` egRo j[rh gß\

^kjfEHd` fgUnh d`ks [qljks us ‘fgUnoh’uke fn;k\ bl æCn d`k ^;ksx mUgkÍusm®j Hkjr eÍ ^pf¥r vke Hk"k ds` f¥,fd`;k ƒk\ blds` lkƒ gh m®j Hkjr d`hnks cksf¥;kÍ%vo|h vkSj nsg¥oh rƒk b'Èds`brjkÈœ` d`h Ètcku d`ks mUgkÍus ‘fgUnoh’ eÍ

Lƒku fn;k\ [qljks us fnY¥h ds` vklikld`h ftl fod`flr Hk"k d`ks ‘nsg¥oh’ d`gkgS] og oLrqr# fgUnoh ;k fgUnh gh ƒh\‘È[kf¥Èd`ckjh’ eÍ fgUnh æCn d`k ^;ksxvusd` ckj gqvk gS\ ml le; Hkjr d`he÷;nsæh; Hk"k ds` f¥, fgUnoh ;k fgUnqbZæCn d`k ^;ksx fd`;k tkrk ƒk\ [qljks d`ksfgUnqLrkuh gksus ij xoZ ƒk\ mUgkÍus ,d`txg f¥[k gS%‘rqÈdZ` fgUnqLrkfu;e eufgUnoh xks;e tokc’] vƒkZrΩ eß fgUnqLrkuhrqÈdZ` gw∑] fgUnoh eÍ tokc nsrk gw∑\

fgUnoh ;»fi fgUnqbZ vkSj fgUnqoh d`kfod`kl gS\ MkW\ Hks¥kukƒ frokjh us f¥[kgS fd` eql¥eku tc Hkjr eÍ vk,] rks os;gk∑ ds` ¥ksxkÍ d`ks ‘fgUnq’ ;k ‘fgUnw’ d`grsƒs\ blh eÍ rRd`k¥hu œ`kjlh ds` foæs".%^R;;%‘bZ’ tksÈMd`j e÷;nsæ ds` fgUnqvkÍ d`hHk"k d`ks ·fgUnq + bZ‚ mu ¥ksxkÍ us ‘fgUnqbZ’·vƒkZrΩ ‘fgUnwok¥h’ ;k ‘fgUnd`h’‚ uke fn;k\ckn eÍ mPpkj. lkSd`;Z ds` f¥, ‘o’ Jqfrvk tkus ds` d`kj. ‘fgUnqbZ’ æCn fgUnqoh gksx;k\ ‘fgUnoh’ bl nwljs Ôi ‘fgUnqoh’ d`kgh fod`kl gS\ bl ^d`kj blds` bu rhukÍukekÍ eÍ ‘fgUnqbZ’ lcls iqjkuk] ‘fgUnqoh’mld`k fod`kl rƒk ‘fgUnoh’ vfUre fod`klgS\ ‘fgUnqoh’ uke d`k iqjkuk mY¥s[ ^fl*Hkjrh; œ`kjlh d`fo eqgEen vkSœ`h eÍfe¥rk gS\

[qljks ds` d`kO; eÍ ‘fgUnoh’ ds` eq“;r#nks Ôi ^kIr gksrs gß%ig¥k] BsB cks¥pk¥d`k [ÈMh cks¥h Ôi\ ;g Ôi mud`h igsf¥;kÍ]eqd`fj;kÍ] nks l[qukÍ vkfn eÍ fe¥rk gS\nwljk] cztHk"k fefJr [ÈMh cks¥h Ôi\;g Ôi muds` nksgkÍ rƒk xhrkÍ eÍ fn[kbZnsrk gS\ [qljks us [ÈMh cks¥h d`ks] tks Ôi^nku fd`;k vkSj ftl Ôi d`k ^;ksxmUgkÍus viuh jpukvkÍ eÍ fd`;k mlh ds`d`kj. ;g Hk"k fujUrj fod`flr gksd`jfo'o-Hk"k ds` Ôi eÍ ^frfÆBr gks xbZ gS\

[qljks d`h igsf¥;kÍ] eqd`fj;kÍ vkfn eÍ[ÈMh cks¥h d`k ^kat¥ Ôi ns[k tk ld`rkgS\ ,d` mnkgj. nzÆVO; gS%

,d` ƒk¥ eksrh ls Hjk ‰lcds` flj ij vkß|k |jk ‰‰pkjkÍ vksj og ƒk¥h fœ`js ‰eksrh mlls ,d` u fxjs ‰‰

[qljks d`h igsf¥;kÍ eÍ mfDr oSfpfl;ds næZu gksrs gß\ ‘eqd`jh’ eÍ ig¥s d`gh gqbZckr d`k vUr eÍ [≥Mu-lk d`jrs gq, m®jfn;k tkrk gS\ ‘nks l[quk’ eÍ iwNs x, nks^'ukÍ d`k m®j ,d` gksrk gS\ ‘fulcr’ eÍlekurk d`k lEcU| vkSj ‘<d`ksl¥k’ eÍ cses¥vkSj vleku æCnkÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j lkƒZd`

æs" i~ÆB 727 ij


� ¥k[u ¯lg flufluokj

HkSxksf¥d`` ¥s[

i;kZoj. ^cU|u (Environment Management)

t¥ok;q ifjorZu ,oa fo'o vkfƒZdèanh d`k eqˆk] G–8 vkSj G–5 nsækÍ ds`¥kfDo¥k ·bV¥h‚ lEes¥u eÍ Nk;k jgk\bl lEes¥u ds` êq[ eqˆs jgs%t¥ok;qifjorZu] fo'o vkfƒZd` eanh] [k» lqj”k]˜tkZ lqj”k] fo®h; laj”.okn vkfn\vUrjkZÆV_h; Lrj ds` Lo;alsoh laxBu‘vkSd`lœsè’ d`h c~gLifrokj 11 tq¥kbZ2009 d`ks tkjh fjiksVZ ‘gßx Vw xSnjls sV¥h’ (Hang to gether separately) eÍd`gk gS fd` t¥ok;q ifjorZu ·X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx‚d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h; Lrj ds` i;kZoj. ^cU|uvehj nsækÍ ds` ^frfuf|Ro }kjk gh jksd`ktk ld`rk gS\ orZeku i;kZoj.h; leL;kt¥ok;q ifjorZu gh nqfu;k ds` leLr nsækÍds f¥, lcls vgeΩ leL;k gS] ;g leL;kfo'o vkfƒZd eanh ls Hh cÈMh leL;k gS\ ;smnxkj Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lgus 8–12 tq¥kbZ pkj fnu p¥s ¥kfDo¥k]bV¥h lEes¥u eÍ G–8, G–5 ds` le”j[s\ orZeku X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx] i;kZoj.leL;k gsrq i;kZoj. ^cU|u rdùhd`‘X¥ksc¥ fefVxsæu ,≥M œ`kbuÍl eSds`-fuTe’ d`ks viuk d`j fod`flr nsæ t¥ok;qifjorZu ij fu;U(. ik ld`rs gß\ blrdùhd` eÍ vehj nsækÍ d`ks] xjhc nsækÍ d`ksvius ;gk∑ mRltZu LrjkÍ eÍ dèh ¥kus ds`f¥, vko';d` |u ,oa i;kZoj. fe(^kS»ksfxd`h mi¥C| d`jkuh gksxh\ blh rjgvehj nsækÍ (G–8 lewg‚ d`ks mRltZu Lrjd`ks pj.c* o"Z 2020 rd` ?Vkd`j1990 ds` Lrj ·20 ^frær dèh‚] 2050rd` 50 ^frær ds` Lrj ¥kuk gksxk\

i;kZoj.oknh fiN¥s d`kœ`h le; lsi~Foh d`k rkieku cÈ<kus ok¥h vkSj t¥ok;qifjorZu d`ks vatke nsus ok¥h xzhu gkmlxSlkÍ d`k mRltZu dè d`jus ds` i” eÍekgkS¥ cuk jgs gß\ gekjh t¥ok;q fujUrjifjofrZr gks jgh gS blls fo'o d`h 10^frær tula“;k lad`V eÍ gS\ xzhu gkmlxSlkÍ eÍ d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM] ehƒsu]ukbV_l vkWDlkbM] D¥ksjksŒ¥ksjks d`kcZUlvkfn ækfe¥ gß] ¥sfdù pw∑fd` d`kcZu Mkb-vkWDlkbM bueÍ êq[ Lƒku j[rh gß\fo'o eÍ 7 d`jksÈM Vu ^fro"Z CO2 i~Foh dsok;qe≥M¥ eÍ mRlftZr gksrh gS\ i;kZoj.ij blh d`k ?krd` ^Hko gksrk gS] blf¥,xzhu gkml xSlkÍ eÍ vkerkSj ij blh d`k

uke f¥;k tkrk gS\ ,sls eÍ i~Foh d`h t¥-ok;q lad`V leL;k d`ks g¥ d`jus ds` f¥,i;kZoj.fonΩ ,oa oSKkfud` ¥Ecs le; ls,slh rdùhd`h d`h [kst eÍ ƒs] ftlls fd`¥ksxkÍ d`ks xzhu gkml xSlkÍ d`h ok;qe≥M¥eÍ ekStwnxh ,oa o~f* d`k irk p¥ lds`\‘d`kcZu d`kmUVj rdùhd`’ bl fnæk eÍ,d` ubZ [kst gS] tks feuV-nj-feuV xzhugkml xSlkÍ ds` mRltZu ds` ckjs eÍ crkrkgS\ Mspls ,lsV eSusteÍV ds` eqf[;k ds`fouikdZ`j ·eSlkP;qlsVΩl baLVhVΩ;wV vkWœ`VsDuks¥kWth‚ us foKku vkSj t¥ok;qifjorZu ds` lkƒ rk¥es¥ d`j twu eghuseÍ d`kcZu d`kmUVj d`h [kst d`j lius d`kslkd`kj fd`;k gS\ LiÆV gS fd` ¥ksx] xzhugkml xSl d`k feuV-nj-feuV mRltZuvk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds` ^lkj. ls tkxÔd` gkÍxs\

∏t¥ok;q ifjorZu fu;U(. gsrqi;kZoj. ^cU|u] i;kZoj. laj”.] ekuo-Hwfe] oU; ^k.h ,oa ^kd~`frd` lalk|ukÍ dsè÷; d`k;kZRed` lEcU|kÍ d`k uwru lehd`j.

^Lrqr d`jrk gS] ftlds` vUrxZr ^kd~`frd`lalk|ukÍ ds` pkrq;Ziw.Z mi;ksx ds` f¥,‘mRiknu%miHksx’ f∂`;kvkÍ d`ks foLr~rifj^s{; ds` Ôi eÍ ns[rk gS] bld`k ¥{;”frd`kj.-miHksx ij fu;a(. ¥xkuk]nq:i;ksx ls cpkuk] vuq^;ksx d`k fu;eud`juk] iqu#^;ksx d`ks ^J; nsuk rƒk Hkohmi;ksx gsrq lalk|ukÍ d`h cpr d`juk gS,oa mud`k fuosæ d`juk gS\π

%fœ`js (Firey–1960)i;kZoj. ^cU|u d`k vƒZ fod`kl d`h

f∂`;kvkÍ ds` f¥, i~Foh ds` uohd`j.h; o

vuohd`j.h; lalk|ukÍ d`k mi;ksx fu;ksftrfof| ls d`juk] i~Foh ds` nq¥ZH o d`herhlalk|ukÍ d`k ^cU|u vk|qfud`re oSKkfud`rdùhd` ls d`juk gS\ orZeku eÍ i~Foh d`hek( 5% lrg ij ekuo vkokl gS] ¥sfdù5 ^frær ekuokÍ ds` f∂`;kd`¥kikÍ us i~Fohd`h t¥ok;q d`ks viw.hZ; ”fr igq∑pkbZ gS\ekuo us vkfƒZd` fod`kl d`h gksÈM eÍ ekuoh;vfroknh f∂`;kvkÍ us vifæÆV d`h ek(kbruh o~gnΩ d`j nh gS fd` fuLrkj.o ^kd~`frd` iqupZ∂`. ds` mijkUr HhtSoHw- jlk;fud` p∂`k Í [N2%p∂`]O2%p∂`] CO2%p∂`] d`h ”erk d`ke;kcugÓ gks ik jgh gS\

i~Foh xzg d`h lqUnjrk] ftlds` ckjs eÍvkfn d`k¥ ls d`fo;kÍ us xk;k ƒk] ftlusekuo thou jgus ;ksX; cuk;k ƒk] ogi~Foh orZeku eÍ ∂`fed` Ökl o foukæ d`hvksj vxzlj gS\ bl ∂`fed` foukæ d`kd`kj.] vfr LokƒhZ ekuoh; f∂`;k,∑ gß\ ;svfroknh o vfu;ksftr ekuoh; f∂`;k,aekuo ,oa lEiw.Z i~Foh thou ds` fgr eÍugÓ gß\ bu lHh ds` ifj.keLoÔi ekuoLokLF; [rjs d`h vksj cÈ< pqd`k gS rƒkvusd` u, o H;ad`j jksx ·MÍxw] fpdùxqfu;k∑] Lokbu Œ¥w] dSÙlj] ,MΩl] riSfnd`‚^d`V gks jgs gß\ buds` ^Hko ls cpus ds`f¥, i;kZoj. ^cU|u vko';d` gh ugÓvifjgk;Z gS\

i;kZoj.h; lalk|u(Environmental Resources)

^kd~`frd` lalk|u (Natural Resources) ekuoh; lalk|u (Human Resources)

(A) vuohd`j.h; lalk|u #

mnkgj.%oU; ^k.h] d`ks;¥k

(B) uohd`j.h; lalk|u #

mnkgj.%?kl] ou

(C) v”; lalk|u #

(A) lhfer lalk|u #

(i) j”.h; lalk|u\

mnkgj.%oU; tkfr;k∑

(ii) vuqj”.h; lalk|u\

mnkgj.%tax¥

mnkgj.%ok;q] ^d`kæ] t¥

(D) iqupZ∂`h; lalk|u #

mnkgj.%xSlÍ] |krq,a

(B) vlhfer lalk|u #(i) nq:i;ksx] mnkgj.%d`ks;¥k Jfed`

(ii) vifjorZuh;] mnkgj.%tax¥h tÈMh-cwVh tkud`kjh ok¥h tutkfr;k∑

i;kZoj. ^cU|u(Environmental Management)

i;kZoj. ^cU|u d`k rkRi;Z ekuoh;fod`kl ds` f∂`;kd`¥kikÍ ,oa ^kd~`frd`cgqewY; lalk|ukÍ d`k loksZ®e lkeatL; gS\i~Foh ds` ^kd~`frd` lalk|ukÍ d`k ^;ksx blle; d`h loksZ®e oSKkfud` rdùhd` lsfd`;k tk, fd` i~Foh ds` ikfjfLƒfrd` rU(d`k lUrq¥u d`k;e jgs rƒk ˜tkZ] vkfƒZd`fod`kl ds` fuosæ ,oa fuxZe lHh d`kxR;kRed` lUrq¥u (Dynamic Equilib-rium) loksZ®e jgs\ i;kZoj. ^cU|u eÍ


LoLƒ okrkoj. d`ks cuk, j[us d`k loksZ®eekuoh; ^;kl fd`;k tkrk gS\ bu ^;klkÍeÍ UNO }kjk ?ksf"r i;kZoj. fnol 5twu] i;kZoj. laj”. fnol 26 uoEcjvkfn gS\

i;kZoj. ^cU|u ds` êq[ ?Vd`%(i) ^ƒe%i~Foh ds` tSfod` lalk|ukÍ

d`k ^cU|u(ii) f}rh;%ikfjfLƒfrd` lUrq¥u gsrq

i;kZoj.h; ^cU|u(iii) r~rh;%vofæÆVkÍ ds` fuLrkj.

gsrq ^cU|uekuoh; Kku gh lalkj d`k lcls

egRoiw.Z ^kd~`frd` lalk|u gS vkSjokLrfod` lad`V ^kd~`frd` lalk|ukÍ d`hdèh u gksd`j] mfpr oSKkfud` rdùhd`d`k vHko gS\ orZeku fo'o d`h fod`jk¥leL;k ·ikfjfLƒfrd` vlUrq¥u‚ d`klek|ku] mfpr oSKkfud` rdùhd` ds`^;ksx ls fd`;k tk ld`rk gS« tSls%

(i) t¥ ^nw". d`ks laæksf|r d`jmld`k vU;( ^;ksx lEHo gS\

(ii) vkstksu fNnz] i~Foh rkieku o~f*ds` f¥, m®jnk;h xSlkÍ ·xzhu gkml‚ ds`mRltZu ij fu;U(. d`jds`\

(iii) ;k(h okgu] vksVkseksckb¥kÍ lsmRlftZr CO2 d`ks 21oÓ ænh d`h rdùhd`·iqu# xSlks¥hu p∂`h; ifjorZu‚ ls okgukÍeÍ gh ,d`f(r d`j vU;( ^;ksx fd`;k tkld`rk gS\

bu mnkgj.kÍ ls LiÆV gS fd` i;kZoj.^cU|u eÍ i;kZoj. lUrq¥u ,oa vkfƒZd`fod`kl ds` e÷; lkE; Lƒkfir d`juk eq“;¥{; gksuk pkfg,\ i~Foh ds` lalk|ukÍ d`kfu;kstu] ^cU|u o lnqi;ksx ^ƒevko';d`rk gS\

i;kZoj. ^cU|u ds` pkj pj.(Four Steps of Environment Management)

∂`\ (A) ”s( p;u (B) æks| losZ”. (C) Ökl ewY;kadù (D) Ökl iwfrZ mik;

1. t¥ ^cU|u ikfjfLƒfrd`h;tkrh; losZ”.

,sfrgkfld` ewY;kadù i;kZoj. fæ”k ^lkj

2. oU; ^k.h laj”. ikfjfLƒfrd`h; oxZlosZ”.

lkekftd` ewY;kadù i;kZoj. æks|

3. ou ^cU|u ifjoklkÍ d`k losZ”. vkfƒZd` gkfu ewY;ka-dù

vke-tutkx~fr

4. leqnzh tho ^cU|u uewuk vk|kj losZ”. ekuoh; mi;ksfxrkij ewY;kadù

ljd`kjh d`kuwuh ;kl

5. [fut rs¥ ^cU|u ^kd~ frd` lhekavkÍ d`klosZ”.

ifjokl guu ijewY;kadù

ctV ^ko|ku

6. æfDr lalk|u^cU|u

egk}hih; vk|kj ijlosZ”.

miHksDrk p∂`h;vk|kj ij ewY;kadù

HfoÆ; d`h ;kstuk,a

7. ^nw". fu;U(.^cU|u

ikfjfLƒfrd` x.uklosZ”.

ck;kse vk|kj ijewY;kadù

vUrjkZÆV_h; ^;kl

i;kZoj. ^cU|u ds` d`k;Z(Work of Environmental Management)

∂`\ lkekftd`-vkfƒZd` fod`kl ikfjfLƒfrd` lUrq¥u ds`mik;

i;kZoj. laj”.d`kuwu

1. vkfƒZd` fod`kl i;kZoj.h; d`her ij ugÓ Hw-jlk;u p∂` lq|kj ou laj”.

2. lalk|ukÍ d`k ^;ksx iqutZuu ”erk rd` ekuo i;kZoj. lgthork e~nk laj”.

3. vuohd~`r lalk|ukÍ d`k ^;ksx nh?Z-d`k¥hu ·vkus ok¥h ihfÈ<;kÍ ds` ^;ksx gsrq‚

uohu i;kZoj. ^kS»ksfxd`h [fut laj”.

4. ikfjfLƒfrd` lUrq¥u rd` gh ^;ksx vUrjkZÆV_h; d`Y;k. oU; ^k.h laj”.

5. Lor# æqf*d`j. ”erk cuk, j[us rd`^;ksx

ekuo oU; tho lgokl t¥ laj”.

i;kZoj. ^cU|u ds` fl*kUr(Principles of EnvironmentalManagement)1. i~Foh ij ekuoh; vkfƒZd` fod`kl gsrq

,slh oSKkfud` rdùhd`kÍ d`k ^;ksxd`juk] ftlls ikfjfLƒfrd` lUrq¥ud`k;e jgs\

2. i~Foh ij ekuo thou d`h ew¥Hwrvko';d`rkvkÍ d`h iwfrZ d`jrs gq, ou]oU; ^k.h o ^kd~`frd` lalk|ukÍ ds`foukæ d`ks fu;af(r d`juk\

3. ^kd~ frd` lalk|u%tho nksukÍ d`k lkE;cuk, j[us ds` f¥, i;kZoj. ^cU|ud`h gjlEHo rdùhd` ^;ksx d`juk\

4. ^kd~`frd` vi?Vu d`ks Hh oSKkfud`rdùhd` o ekuoh; d`kSæ¥ lsfu;fU(r d`juk\

5. i~Foh x~g ij tSfod`-vtSfod` f∂`;kvkÍls i;kZoj. vi?Vu d`ks fu;af(rd`juk\ ^kd~`frd`-lalk|ukÍ d`k loksZ®eekuoh; mi;ksx\

6. i~Foh ds` tSfod`-vtSfod` lalk|ukÍ ds`vfu;ksftr nksgu ·nq:i;ksx‚ d`ks

fu;af(r d`juk\ blds` f¥, i;kZoj.^nw". ds` ekud`] i;kZoj. laj”.d`kuwu vkfn d`ks d`Bksjrk ls ¥kxwd`juk\

7. i;kZoj. tkxÔd`rk gsrq i;kZoj.fæ”k] æks|] ^pkj-^lkj d`juk\

8. d`ks;¥k] tSo-bÛ|u] isV_ksf¥;e tSlslekIr gksus ok¥s ,oa i;kZoj. ^nw"d`kÍds` Lƒku ij v”; ˜tkZ lzksr ·lw;Z^d`kæ] iou ˜tkZ] leqnzh ¥gj˜tkZ‚ o uohd`j.h; lzksrkÍ ls ˜tkZ^kfIr d`ks cÈ<kok nsuk\

9. ^d~`fr ds` Hw-jlk;u p∂`kÍ [N2%p∂`]O2%p∂`] CO2%p∂`] d`ks O;ofLƒrd`jus ij ÷;ku nsuk\

10. ^d~`fr Ökl ·i;kZoj.-vi?Vu‚ d`krdùhd`h Ökl ewY;kadù le;-le;ij d`jrs jguk\i;kZoj. ^cU|u d`k loZêq[ i”

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mid`kj izd`kæu] vkxjk%2E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.upkar.in

¥s[d` # ts\ ih\ nhf{krd`ksM ua\ 1492 ewY; # 55/-

✔ lkj.h;u (Tabulation)✔ ikbZ-pkVZ (Pie-chart)✔ n≥M vkjs[ (Bar Diagram)✔ vk;r fp( (Histogram)✔ odz` fp( (Curve Diagram) vkfn d`k fo'¥s".

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^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg d`k LiÆVer ƒk fd` oSf'od` leL;kvkÍ d`k lek|ku

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t¥ok;q ifjorZu^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg us Hkjr ds`

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vkradòknvkradòkn d`k mY¥s[ d`jrs gq, Hkjr

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[k» lqj”kth–8 nsækÍ ds` bl fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ

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æs" i~ÆB 707 d`k

☛ General Knowledge☛ Analytical and Logical Reasoning☛ Data Interpretation & Data Suffi-

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JMET (Joint Management EntranceTest)

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ijh”k d`k ekg%December

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RMAT (Rajasthan ManagementAptitude Test)

laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrhgS%Board of Technical Education,Rajasthanijh”k d`k ekg%July^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%☛ English and General Knowledge☛ Mathematics & Reasoning Ability☛ Data Interpretation & Analysis☛ Verbal Ability & Reading Compre-

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UPMAT (Uttar Pradesh ManagementAptitude Test)

laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrhgS%Universities and Colleges of U.P.

ijh”k d`k ekg%June/July

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,d` nkSj ƒk tc lsuk eÍ ækfe¥ gksuk^frÆBk rƒk xkSjo d`k fo"; ekuk tkrk ƒkvkSj ;qokvkÍ ds` fn¥kÍ eÍ lsuk eÍ HrhZ gksd`jnsæ lsok d`jus d`k tTck fg¥kÍjs ekjrkƒk] exj cn¥rs nkSj eÍ lsuk eÍ tkus d`kvkd`"Z. ;qokvkÍ eÍ dè gksrk tk jgk gS\lsuk eÍ u, vœ`ljkÍ d`k VksVk rks gS gh]vc lkekU; c¥kÍ d`h HrhZ jSf¥;kÍ eÍ Hhog HhÈM ugÓ meÈMrh gS tks d`Hh ns[usd`ks fe¥rh ƒh] lSU; c¥kÍ d`ks NksfÈM,v*ZlSfud` c¥kÍ] iqf¥l c¥kÍ lfgrvkarfjd` lqj”k ,tÍfl;kÍ rd` eÍ tokukÍrƒk vœ`ljkÍ d`h dèh gS\ bld`h HjikbZd`jus ds` f¥, lSU; lfgr vU; lqj”k c¥vius iqjkus tokukÍ rƒk vœ`ljkÍ d`ks^fæf”r d`j ^ksUur d`jus ds` f¥, etcwjgS\ blds` D;k d`kj. gks ld`rs gß ;g ,d`xgu ppkZ] leh”k rƒk fo'¥s". d`k fo";gS\ ;»fi bl vksj vHh ljd`kj rƒk lSU;c¥ fe¥d`j xEHhjrk ls fopkj-foeæZd`jus d`h vko';d`rk eglwl ugÓ d`j jgsgß] exj dq`N le; ckn ;gk∑ Hh gk¥krvejhd`k] ;wjksi] fczVsu rƒk Ôl tSls gksld`rs gß tgk∑ lsuk d`h ukSd`jh ds` f¥,^ksRlkfgr fd`, tkus ij ,d` gtkj rd` d`h^ksRlkgu jkfæ nh tkrh gS\

Hkjrh; lsuk eÍ vœ`lj cuus ds` f¥,v˙;ƒhZ d`ks f¥f[r ijh”k] lk”kRd`kj rƒkeuksoSKkfud` ijh”. ls xqtjuk iÈMrk gS\pw∑fd` Hkjrh; lsuk fo'o eÍ mPpLrjh;ekuh tkrh gS vr# p;u ds` ekud`kÍ eÍf<¥kbZ cjrus d`k d`ksbZ ^'u gh ugÓ mBrk\fd`lh Hh fLƒfr eÍ xq.o®k] leiZ.]baVhfxzVh] LVßMMZ rƒk ^ksœs`æuf¥Te lsle>kSrk d`juk mfpr Hh ugÓ gS\ ;»fi,slk ugÓ gS fd` ¥ksxkÍ eÍ nsæHfDr d`ktTck ugÓ gS vƒok ¥ksxkÍ eÍ lsuk ds` ^frfn¥pLih csgn dè gks x;h gS] cfYd` rsthls cn¥rs lkekftd`-vkfƒZd` gk¥kr rƒkdq`N vU; ^d`kj d`h ifjfLƒfr;k∑ lexzÔi ls ;qokvkÍ d`ks lsuk d`k eksg R;kxus d`ksfooæ d`j jgh gS\ ;»fi ;g gekjs f¥,,d` jkgr ok¥h ckr gS fd` ;gk∑ gk¥krvHh if'peh nsækÍ tSls ugÓ gß tgk∑ ¥ksxlsuk eÍ tkus ds` f¥, vkosnu d`juk rd`tÔjh ugÓ le>rs gß] exj vxj bl vksjvf|d` ÷;ku ugÓ fn;k x;k rks ;gk∑ Hhdq`N le; ckn `gk¥kr if'peh nsækÍ tSls

cu tk,axs] exj gekjs ikl lsuk eÍ tkus dsf¥, vƒok ^ksRlkfgr d`jus ds` f¥, foæs"fo®h; iSds`t Hh ugÓ gS] rks vkf[j gelSU; c¥kÍ d`h dèh d`ks dS`ls nwj d`jik,axs = gk¥kr bl d`nj cn¥ x, gS fd`‘Hkjrh; lSU; vd`kneh’ (IMA) tSlh^frfÆBr laLƒk ls vkosnu-i( d`h ^kfIrds` ckotwn ;qok lsuk eÍ vkus ls cp jgs gßos Hh futh ”s( d`h vksj :[ d`j jgs gß\futh ”s( Hh mUgÍ gkƒkÍ-gkƒ ¥s jgk gS]D;kÍfd` os vkbZ,e, ds` d`Bksj ekun≥MkÍ ls

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gksd`j xqtj pqds` gksrs gß\ vr# bl ckr d`hvf|d` xkj≥Vh gksrh gS fd` xq.o®k] vkpj.rƒk euksc¥ ds` eke¥s eÍ os vis”kd~`rvf|d` vPNs gkÍxs\

Hkjr vds`¥k nsæ ugÓ gS tks œ`kStd`h ukSd`jh ds` ^fr cs:[h d`h ekj >s¥jgk gS] cfYd` d`bZ cÈMs nsækÍ eÍ ;g leL;krks d`gÓ vf|d` fod`jk¥ gS\ vejhd`k tSlsnsæ eÍ lSU; c¥ <w∑È<s ugÓ fe¥rs gß] cfYd`blds` f¥, ljd`kj d`ks Hkjh-Hjdè jdèpqd`kuh iÈMrh gS\ gekjh lsuk eÍ twfu;j¥sc¥ ;kfu ¥sfŒVuÍV] dùZ¥ vkfn inkÍ ijvf|d`kfj;kÍ d`h lokZf|d` dèh gS] tcfd`fczxsfM;j] œq`¥ dùZ¥ ¥sc¥ ij d`ksbZ [kldèh ugÓ gS\ ,d` vkd`¥u ds` vuqlkjtwfu;j Lrj ij 30 œ`hlnh vœ`lj dègß] tcfd` lsuk d`h lcls T;knk tÔjrtwfu;j ¥sc¥ d`h gh gS] D;kÍfd` ;ghvf|d`kjh esu œa`Dæ¯ux ls tqÈMs gksrs gß\lkƒ gh isV_ks¯¥x rƒk ckMZj ij T;knkrjiks¯LVx bUgÓ ¥ksxkÍ d`h gksrh gS\ vr# blLrj ij vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`k u fe¥uk lsuk ds`f¥, ijsækuh d`k lcc cu x;k gS\

cÈ<rh mnklhurk ds` d`kj.

(1) vkfƒZd` mnkjhd`j. ds` d`kj. jkstxkj ds` voljkÍ eÍ o~f*

uCcs ds` næd` eÍ vkfƒZd` mnkjhd`j.d`h ^f∂`;k æqÔ gksus ds` ckn jkstxkj ds`vU; ”s(kÍ eÍ jkstxkj ds` voljkÍ eÍ rsthls o~f* gqbZ gS] blls lekt eÍ cn¥ko d`hubZ c;kj p¥h] lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h] ,fo;æu]fjVs¥] VsDlVkb¥] cß d`x] eSusteÍV] œS æufMtkb¯ux] vkWVkseksckb¥] baVhfj;j Msd`ks-jsæu] bathfu;¯jx] vkWVkseksckb¥] ,uhesæurƒk d`kxksZ tSls reke ”s(kÍ eÍ jkstxkjds` u,-u, ”s(kÍ eÍ o~f* gksus ¥xh\ cn¥kod`k lcls vf|d` ^Hko ukStokukÍ ij ghiÈMrk gS\ vkt ;qokvkÍ ds` ikl jkstxkj ds`reke fod`Yi ekStwn gß tks T;knk lqjf”rgß] vkd`"Zd` gß] X¥Sejl gß rƒk ftueÍru“okg Hh œ`kSt d`h rq¥uk eÍ csgrj gS\

vkfƒZd` mnkjhd`j. ds` p¥rs tgk∑iqjkus e÷;eoxZ eÍ vf|d` lEiUurk vkbZ gS]ogÓ ,d` cÈMk e÷;eoxZ Hh mHjd`j lkeusvk;k gS\ ;g oxZ vkd`"Zd` iSds`t rƒklqfo|kvkÍ ok¥h gkWV tkWc d`ks vf|d`roTtks nsrk gS ;k fœ`j vius O;olk; d`ksvkxs cÈ<kus vƒok u;k O;olk; æqÔd`juk pkgrk gS\ ¥kH mls nksukÍ eÍ gS]D;kÍfd` jkÆV_h;-cgqjkÆV_h; dÈifu;k∑ ;ksX; odq`æ¥ ;qokvkÍ d`ks ¥idùs ds` f¥, rS;kj gßrƒk ijEijkxr O;olk; d`ks vkxs cÈ<kusvƒok u, O;olk; æqÔ d`jus eÍ Hh rxÈMkequkœ`k gks jgk gS\ Hkjr eÍ lwpuk^kS»ksfxd`h ,d` ,slk ”s( gS ftld`k fod`klrƒk ^lkj vU; ”s(kÍ d`h rq¥uk eÍ vf|d`gks jgk gS\ nwjnjkt ds` xk∑okÍ eÍ lwpuk^kS»ksfxd`h d`h igq∑p gksus ls ¥ksxkÍ ij ekukslwpukvkÍ d`h ckSNkj gksus ¥xh gS\ ¥ksxkÍ d`ksjkstxkj ds` u, ”s(kÍ rƒk u, voljkÍ d`hlwpuk rqjUr fe¥ tk jgh gS\ vc vxj;qokvkÍ ds` ikl jkstxkj ds` d`bZ csgrjvolj ekStwn gß rks og D;kÍ d`j lsuktSlh ‘Vœ`’ thouæS¥h eÍ tkuk ilUnd`jsxk`=


(2) if'peh miHksDrkoknh laLd~`fr d`k ^lkj

if'peh iw∑thoknh lekt miHksx d`hô~f®;kÍ d`ks vf|d` egRo nsrk gS\ ogækjhfjd` Je ds` ctk; ubZ-ubZ rdùhd`kÍds` fod`kl ls ekuo thou d`ks vf|d`lqfo|kiw.Z rƒk vkjkenk;d` cukuk pkgrkgS] tcfd` fd`lh Hh lekt ds` lEiw.Zfod`kl ds` f¥, rdùhd`h fod`kl rƒkækjhfjd` Je eÍ lkeatL; gksuk csgn tÔjhugÓ gS\ if'pe eÍ uSfrd`rk] fl*kUr]ijEijk,a] laLd~`fr rƒk vknæZ nks;e ntsZd`h phtÍ gß ogk∑ fd`lh Hh rjhds` ;k ;qfDrls iw∑th d`ks d`Ctkus d`h gksÈM o"ksÛ ls p¥hvk jgh gS\ lc-^kbe lad`V ds` p¥rsiw∑thokn ij Hh ^'ufpÕ ¥xus ¥xs gß\exj fd`lh Hh pht d`h ^klafxd`rk d`Hh[Re ugÓ gksrh] vxj mleÍ vfr u d`htk, rks LiÆV gS fd` tc rd` chp d`kjkLrk viukrs gq, lektokn rƒk iw∑thokneÍ lkeatL; Lƒkfir ugÓ fd`;k tkrk] ,d`lq[h-lEiUu fopkjoku rƒk foosd`æh¥lekt d`h d`Yiuk ugÓ d`h tk ld`rh\

vkfƒZd` mnkjhd`j. ds` ckn if'pehmiHksDrkoknh laLd~`fr d`k Hkjrh; lektij ^Hko iÈMuk ¥kteh ƒk] œ`¥LoÔiHkjrh; lekt eÍ rsth ls ifjorZu vkus¥xs\ d`Hh-d`Hh ifjorZu rktk gok ds`>kÍds` ds` leku gksrs gß rks d`Hh xUnh gokds` vkxeu ds` ^rhd`\ ld`kjkRed` fnæk eÍgqvk ifjorZu gh gesæk lkƒZd` gksrk gS\if'pe d`h rtZ ij ‘eSVhfj;f¥Te’ d`h gnrd` igq∑p jgs gekjs lekt ds` f¥, Hh|hjs-|hjs ijEijk,a] vknæZ] uSfrd`rk]fl*kUr rƒk egkuΩ ,sfrgkfld` olkaLd~`frd` fojklrÍ nks;e ntsZ d`h phtÍcurh tk jgh gß ftud`k miHksDrk cktkjeÍ d`ksbZ eks¥ ugÓ\ bld`k vkæ; ;g ugÓgS fd` iw∑thokn ;k cktkjokn iw.ZÔi lsx¥r gS] exj bld`h Hh viuh lhek,a gß\d`gus d`k rkRi;Z ;g gS fd` viusikjEifjd` Kku rƒk lkaLd~`frd` ewY;kÍ d`hvPNkb;kÍ ds` lkƒ vk|qfud` ^kS»ksfxd`h d`klkeatL; Lƒkfir fd`;k tk,] D;kÍfdìkjEifjd` Kku rƒk lkekftd` lkaLd~`frdèwY; tgk∑ gekjh tÈMÍ gß] ogÓ vk|qfud`^kS»ksfxd`h mld`k iks".\

Hkjr eÍ Hh HkSfrdòkn d`h gok vkusds` d`kj. ¥ksxkÍ eÍ fn[kus rƒk nækZus d`hô~f® cÈ<h gS\ xkÈMh-cax¥k] vk|qfud`lalk|u] thou d`h xq.o®k rƒk HkSfrd`lqfo|k,a LVsVl ¯lc¥ d`k ^rhd` cu pqd`hgß\ nsæ d`k ;qok oxZ bu lc d`ks tYnh-ls-tYnh ikus d`h pkg eÍ rst jŒrkj ¯tnxhth jgk gS\ HkSfrd` lqfo|k,a gh mld`kvknæZ gS vkSj og fd`lh Hh d`her ij

tYnh-ls-tYnh bUgÍ ikd`j bud`k miHksxd`juk pkgrk gS] bl nkSÈM eÍ og ?j-ifjokj d`ks csgn ennxkj ekurk gS rƒkmlls nwj ugÓ jguk pkgrk] nwljh rjœ`lsuk d`h ukSd`jh eÍ u T;knk X¥Sej gS] uvkd`"Zd` thou-æS¥h thus d`h lqfo|k,avkSj u gh eksVk iSds`t] ˜ij ls tku tkusd`k tksf[e gesæk cuk jgrk gS\ vf|d`kfj;kÍd`h iks¯LVx æqÔvkr eÍ gh tEew-d`'ehjrƒk ukWƒZ bZLV tSls vkradòknh ov¥xkooknh ”s(kÍ eÍ gksrh gS\ œ`kSt eÍVs¥ÍV ds` ckotwn L¥ks êksæu Hh vkt d`hrst jŒrkj ;qok ihÈ<h ds` euekfœ`d` ugÓgS\ vkt d`k ukStoku tYnh ls Mx HjrsdS`fj;j d`h lhfÈ<;k∑ pÈ<uk pkgrk gS] rkfd`mez cÈ<us ds` lkƒ d`k;Z”erk eÍ dèh vkusls iwoZ gh vius thou d`k loZJsÆB iklds`\ ¥Ecs le; rd` ifjokj ls nwj jgukHh ;qokvkÍ d`ks lsuk eÍ tkus ls jksd` jgk gS\bu lkjh ifjfLƒfr;kÍ d`ks ns[rs gq, nsæ-HfDr ds` ctk; vkd`"Zd` osru] lqfo|kvkÍrƒk miHksx o vkjkenk;d` thou æS¥hd`ks vf|d` egRo nsus ok¥k e÷;e oxZ D;kÍlsuk tSlh tfV¥ o fo"e HkSxksf¥dìfjfLƒfr;kÍ ok¥h ukSd`jh eÍ tkuk pkgsxk`=e÷;eoxhZ; lekt fd`lh Hh d`her ijtYnh-ls-tYnh HkSfrd` oLrqvkÍ d`k miHksxd`juk pkgrk gS] tcfd` lsuk eÍ jgrs gq,;g lc dq`N lEHo ugÓ gS\

(3) ekud`kÍ ds` vuqlkj tokukÍ d`k u fe¥uk

pw∑fd` Hkjrh; lsuk mPpLrjh; gS vr#mleÍ vœ`ljkÍ d`h HrhZ ds` f¥, HhmPpLrjh; ekud` j[s x, gß\ vkt ds`miHksDrkoknh] vkjkensg rƒk if'pehpd`kpkß| ls ifjiw.Z ;qok d`k ,sls d`ÈMsekud`kÍ ij [jk mrjuk csgn d`fBu gS\lsuk eÍ vœ`lj cuus ds` f¥, ækjhfjd`rƒk ekufld` lc¥rk ds` v¥kok csgnvuqækflr thou-æS¥h d`h vis”k j[htkrh gS\ eqf'd`¥ ;g gS fd` ig¥s rksfiN¥s ik∑p o"ks Û ls bl ^d`kj d`h^frc*rk ok¥s ;qokvkÍ d`h la“;k eÍfxjkoV vkbZ gS] vxj gS Hh rks os futh”s( d`h vksj tkuk T;knk ilUn d`j jgsgß\ gk¥kr bl d`nj cn¥ jgs gß fdùkStoku lSU; lsok d`k vkosnu-i( ¥sus ds`ckn Hh vkbZ,e, tkWbu ugÓ d`j jgs gß\ekud`kÍ ds` vuqÔi tokuksÍ ds` u fe¥us d`k,d` vgeΩ d`kj. ;g Hh gS fd` ig¥s tgk∑vfHHkod`kÍ }kjk cpiu ls gh cPps d`kslSU; lsok eÍ tkus ds` f¥, ^sfjr fd`;ktkrk ƒk] vc vfHHkod`kÍ d`h ^kƒfed`rkeÍ lSU; lsok d`gÓ ugÓ gS\ ig¥s cPpk]vfHHkod`kÍ }kjk ^sfjr fd`, tkus ijcpiu ls gh lSU; lsok eÍ <¥us ds`

ækjhfjd` ekufld` xfrfof|;k∑ æqÔ d`jnsrk ƒk] exj vkt ds` vfHHkod`] cPpsd`ks O;kolkf;d` fæ”k nsd`j futh ”s( eÍtkus ds` f¥, vf|d` ^ksRlkfgr d`j jgs gß\bleÍ vfHHkod`kÍ d`k nks" Hh vf|d` ugÓgS] D;kÍfd` os Hh if'peh miHksDrkoknhlaLd~`fr ls ^Hkfor gß rƒk nsæ lsok ds`ctk; cPps d`ks futh ”s( eÍ Hstd`jtYnh-ls-tYnh vius ?j d`ks HkSfrd`lalk|ukÍ ls ifjiw.Z ns[uk pkgrs gß\

(4) nsæ eÍ cÈ<rk HzÆVkpkj

dq`N o"ksÛ ls nsæ eÍ cÈ<rs HzÆVkpkj ds`d`kj. lekt ij ud`kjkRed` ^Hko iÈMjgk gS\ NksVs ^æklfud` rƒk jktuhfrd`Lrj ls cÈMs Lrj rd` œS`¥s HzÆVkpkj ds`d`kj. vke tuekul eÍ |hjs-|hjs nsæHfDrrƒk jkÆV_okn tSlh Hkouk,a dq`N ek;ukÍ eÍvo'; dè gqbZ gS\ HzÆVkpkj d`k |U|k fnunksxquh] jkr pkSxquh ds` fglkc ls rjDd`hd`j jgk gS rƒk HzÆVkpkfj;kÍ d`ks d`ksbZ [klcÈMh ltk Hh ugÓ gks ik jgh gS] d`Hh-d`Hhrks HzÆVkpkj d`h tk∑p d`j jgh iqf¥l]lqj”k ,atsfl;k∑ rƒk U;kf;d` ^.k¥h rd`lok¥kÍ ds` ?sjs eÍ vk jgh gS\ HzÆVkpkj ljmBkd`j th jgk gS rƒk Mads` d`h pksV ijthr jgk gS\ ,sls eÍ vke ;qokoxZ eÍ ;gckr ?j d`jrh tk jgh gS fd` og fd`ld`hj”k d`js vkSj D;kÍ d`js = tc fd`lh nsæeÍ HzÆVkpkj O;kid` Lrj ij cÈ< tkrk gSrks iq:"kƒZ] jkÆV_h; LokfHeku rƒk jkÆV_okn[ks tkrk gS rƒk ¥ksx HzÆVkpkj d`hcSlk[h ds` lgkjs rjDd`h d`h lhfÈ<;k∑ pÈ<usds` f¥, etcwj gks tkrs gß\ nsæ] xjhch]lalk|ukÍ d`h vuqi¥C|rk rƒk |hehvƒZO;oLƒk ls dètksj ugÓ gks tkrk]cfYd` O;fDr rƒk nsæ ds` LokfHeku ghugksus ls dètksj gksrk gS\ HzÆVkpkj ,d`,slk nhed` gS tks |hjs-|hjs iwjs lekt d`ksLokfHeku æwU; rƒk iq:"kƒZ ghu cuk nsrkgS\ vke ;qok ;g lkspus ij etcwj gS fd`gekjk cÈMk æ(q d`kSu gS-lhek ikjvkradòkn vƒok nsæ eÍ œS`¥k HzÆVkpkj\,sls eÍ lsuk eÍ ækfe¥ gksd`j tku d`hckth Hh ¥xkbZ tk, rks fd`lds` [kfrj =d`ksbZ Hh nsæ flœZ` ogk∑ Hh Hw-lajpuk lsegkuΩ ugÓ cu tkrk] cfYd` ml nsæ eÍjgus ok¥s ukxfjd`kÍ ds` ;ksxnkukÍ rƒkf∂`;kd`¥kikÍ ls egkuΩ curk gS] vr# fd`lhnsæ d`ks egkuΩ cuus ds` f¥, HzÆVkpkj eqDrgksuk tÔjh gS] nsæ HzÆVkpkj eqDr gksxkrks ogk∑ d`h laLd~`fr thoar gksxh vkSjthoar laLd~`fr gh nqfu;k d`h vU;laLd~`fr;kÍ d`ks ^Hkfor d`jrh gS\ b|j dq`Nlk¥kÍ ls lsuk eÍ Hh HzÆVkpkj d`h [cjÍvkus ls ¥ksxkÍ ij ud`kjkRed` ^Hko iÈMkgS\ ;»fi lsuk us d`bZ ekSd`kÍ ij ltxrk


fn[krs gq, Rofjr d`k;Zokgh d`h gS] exj^æklfud` o jktuhfrd` rU( eÍ HzÆVkpkjds` vla“; eke¥kÍ d`k d`bZ o"ksÛ ls ¥fEcrgksuk rƒk mud`h tYnh lquokbZ u gksukcsgn [sntud` gS\(5) lSU; lsokvkÍ d`h le;kuqÔi leh”k u gksuk

nqfu;k d`h fd`lh Hh mPp Lrjh; lsukds` f¥, ;g csgn tÔjh gS fd` og le;-le; ij vius LoÔi d`h leh”k d`js rƒkle;kuqÔi mleÍ œs`jcn¥ Hh d`js\ lsuk dsèkStwnk <k∑ps d`ks pqLr-nq:Lr cukus] mld`keuksc¥ cÈ<kus] lSU; c¥kÍ d`h nSfud` rƒkfoæs" vfH;kukÍ eÍ vkus ok¥h ijsækfu;kÍ lsfuiVus ds` mik; <w∑È<us rƒk ;qok oxZ eÍlsuk d`k vkd`"Z. cÈ<kus ds` f¥, Ôijs[krS;kj d`jus ds` f¥, lsuk pkgs rks viusLrj ij ,d` mPp Lrjh; lfefr d`k xBud`j ld`rh gS bl lfefr ds` lq>kokÍ ds`vk|kj ij ,d` fuf'pr le;kof| ds` cknlsuk ds` mPpkf|d`kfj;kÍ d`h ,d` leh”kcSBd` r; d`h tk ld`rh gS\ lsuk bllslEcfU|r fjiksVZ ljd`kj d`ks Hstd`j orZekufLƒfr;kÍ ls voxr d`jk ld`rh gS\

nsæ eÍ ,d` cÈMh leL;k ljd`kj rƒklSU; O;oLƒk eÍ ijLij vkilh rk¥es¥d`k dè gksuk Hh gS\ lsuk d`ks vktvœ`ljkÍ d`h njd`kj gS exj bl eqnΩns d`ksxEHhjrk ls ¥srs gq, d`Hh Hh dsÙnz ljd`kjrƒk lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ ds` chp xgufopkj-foeæZ ugÓ fd`;k x;k\ ^kphud`k¥ls gh ;g ekuk tkrk jgk gS fd` lSU; c¥kÍd`ks vf|d` dq`æ¥ cukus ds` f¥, mud`hHkoukvkÍ d`ks nckuk tÔjh gS] exjHkoukvkÍ d`ks nckd`j ;a(orΩ thou-æS¥hviukus ls d`bZ ubZ rjg d`h folaxfr;k∑ Hhlkeus vkus ¥xrh gS\ vr# ekStwnk le; eÍ;g tÔjh gks x;k gS fd` HkoukvkÍ d`kslSU; c¥kÍ d`h dètksj ls etcwrh eÍrCnh¥ fd`;k tk,\ euqÆ; ckSf*d` Hh gSvkSj HkoukRed` Hh gS vkSj bud`k lexzfod`kl Hh tÔjh gS\ gk∑] bl ckr d`k÷;ku vo'; j[k tkuk pkfg, fd` ;gfod`kl ld`kjkRed` fnæk eÍ gks] exj ;ggksxk dS`ls = p∑wfd` ;g xgu rƒk foLr~rel¥k gS vr# bld`h ppkZ Hh O;kid` Lrjij d`jds` gh d`ksbZ Bksl lek|ku fud`¥ld`rk gS\ dsÙnz ljd`kj }kjk lsuk d`ksctVh; ^ko|ku cÈ<kd`j [qæ d`jus d`ktqe¥k vc iqjkuk iÈM pqd`k gS] blds`ctk; lsuk d`ks ^ksRlkgu rƒk ld`kjkRed`cn¥ko d`h njd`kj vf|d` gS\(6) lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ ij æks". ds` vkjksi

fiN¥s dq N le; ls lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍij HzÆVkpkj ds` v¥kok vius v|huLƒkÍ

nsæ tgk∑ vfuok;Z gS lSU; lsokblzkb¥ # 18 lk¥ ;k 12 oÓ xzsM ds` ckn lHh iq:"kÍ rƒk efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, vfuok;Z]

iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, rhu] tcfd` efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, nks lk¥ d`h lsok\eSfDld`ks # 18 lk¥ d`h vk;q ds` lHh iq:"kÍ d`ks ,d` lk¥ d`h fef¥Vjh lsok d`k

iathd`j. vfuok;Z\Ôl # 18–27 lk¥ ds` iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, 12 eghus d`h lsok\Vd`hZ # 20–41 lk¥ ds` lHh iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, lSU; lsok vfuok;Z] mPp fæ”k ds`

Nk(kÍ d`ks d`kslZ iwjk d`jus rd` d`h NwV\teZuh # iq:"kÍ d`ks ukS ekg rd`] efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, ,sfPNd`\vkfLV_;k # 18–35 lk¥ ds` ¥ksxkÍ ds` f¥, 6 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\cs¥kÔl # 18–27 lk¥ ds` ¥ksxkÍ ds` f¥, vfuok;Z] mPp fæf”r ds` f¥, 12 eghus]

tcfd` lkekU; fæf”r ds` f¥, 18 eghus d`h lsok\czkth¥ # 18 lk¥ ds` ˜ij ds` lHh iq:"kÍ d`ks 12 eghus d`h lsok\fp¥h # 18– 45 lk¥ ds` iq:"kÍ d`h 12 eghus d`h lsuk rƒk 24 eghus ukSlsuk rƒk

ok;qlsuk eÍ lsok\phu # vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\MsuekdZ` # vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\felz # 18–30 lk¥ ds` ;qokvkÍ ds` f¥, vfuok;Z] Nk(kÍ d`ks iÈ<kbZ rd` NwV\fœù¥S≥M # 6 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\;wuku # iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, ,d` lk¥ d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\bZjku # 21 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\n\ d`ksfj;k # 24–27 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\ukWosZ # 18·5 ls 44 lk¥ ds` iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, 19 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\ikS¥S≥M # iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, 9 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lsok\¯lxkiqj # 18–21 lk¥ ds` iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, 24 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lsok\LohMu # luΩ 1902 ls lSU;-lsok vfuok;Z\fLoVΩtj¥S≥M # iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, vfuok;Z] efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, ,sfPNd`\

ds` lkƒ HsnHkoiw.Z O;ogkj d`jus rƒkmud`k æks". d`jus tSls vkjksi ¥xukcsgn ¯prktud` ckr gS\ ;»fi vU; ”s(kÍeÍ bl ^d`kj d`h ?Vuk d`k gksuk d`ksbZ cÈMhckr ugÓ gS] ¥sfdù lSU; lsokvkÍ eÍ bl^d`kj d`h ?Vuk d`k gksuk ¥ksxkÍ ds` euksc¥rks ÈMus tSlk gS\ lSU; vf|d`kjh d`bZm®jnkf;RokÍ ls ncs gksrs gß\ muls vis”kd`h tkrh gS fd` os vius v|huLƒ tokukÍd`h ekufld` rƒk ækjhfjd` laosnukvkÍ ,oatÔjrkÍ d`ks le>s rƒk muls ¥xkrkjlkƒZd` laokn Lƒkfir d`jrs gq, mud`klg;ksx ^kIr d`jrs jgÍ\ dq`N le; ls lSU;vf|d`kfj;kÍ ij ¥xkrkj laosnughurk rƒkekufld` mRihÈMu ds` vkjksi ¥xuk d`kœ`h[sntud` ckr gS\ lSfud` d`ksbZ tÈMorΩoLrq ugÓ gS vr# mlds` f¥, Hh le;-le; ij euksjatd` d`k;Z∂èkÍ ·lkaLd~`frd`][s¥dw`n bR;kfn‚ d`h O;oLƒk d`h tkuhpkfg,\ esfMVsæu] ;ksx rƒk ÷;ku bR;kfnrdùhdÍ` Hh lSU; c¥kÍ d`ks ekufld` Ôi lslqn~È< rƒk ,d`kxz d`jus eÍ lgk;d` fl*gks ld`rh gS\ bu lkjs ^;klkÍ ls lSU; c¥kÍd`ks ekufld` ˜c ls cpus eÍ Hh ennfe¥sxh\ pw∑fd` lSfud` `vius ?j-ifjokj ls

nwj jgrk gS\ vr# d`Hh-d`Hh ifjokj eÍd`ksbZ gknlk gksus vƒok vU; ^d`kj d`hfo"e ifjfLƒfr;kÍ ds` ckotwn toku d`ks,d`ne ls NqVΩVh u fe¥us ls ogvk∂`ksfær gks tkrk gS\ bl ^d`kj d`hfLƒfr;kÍ ij xEHhjrk ls fopkj d`jus ds`ckn mlds` lek|ku ds` f¥, d`kjxjuhfr;k∑ cukbZ tkuh pkfg,\ blds` v¥koklsuk ds` vUnj vU; ^d`kj d`h NksVh-cÈMhleL;k,a gks ld`rh gß\ lSU; c¥kÍ d`hleL;kvkÍ d`ks tkuus ,oa muds` lq>ko gsrqdsÙnz ljd`kj Hh viuh rjœ` ls ,d`Lok;® lfefr d`k xBu d`j ld`rh gS\dq`N lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ ij lSU;d`feZ;kÍ d`kfuth d`k;ksÛ ds` f¥, mi;ksx d`juk tSlsvkjksi ¥xkuk Hh fpUrk d`k fo"; gS\

lSU; c¥kÍ d`h dèh ls fuiVus ds`mik;

(1) vkfƒZd` mnkjhd`j. ds `cÈ<rs^HkokÍ ds` d`kj. lsuk d`ks Hh vkd`"Zd`]lqfo|k;qDr rƒk ^ksRlkgu iSds t ls lEiUucukuk pkfg,\ blds` f¥, O;kid` Lrj ijfopkj-foeæZ d`jds` d`ksbZ Bksl urhtsfud`k¥s tk ld`rs gß\


(2) nsæ eÍ cÈ<rk HzÆVkpkj lekt ijud`kjkRed` ^Hko Mk¥ jgk gS\ vketuekul ;g lkspus ij etcwj gS fd`vkf[j fd`ld`h j”k d`h tk, vkSj D;kÍ =HzÆVkpkfj;kÍ ds` f[¥kœ` d`Bksj d`kuwuh^ko|ku u gksus ds` d`kj. os vkjke ls cjhgks tkrs gß] NksVs ^æklfud` Lrj ls ¥sd`jl®k ds` xf¥;kjkÍ rd` HzÆV ¥ksxkÍ d`kcks¥ck¥k gS\ d`bZ ?ksVk¥kÍ rƒk vkijkf|dèke¥kÍ eÍ ækfe¥ ¥ksx l®k eÍ fojktekugß\ muds` f[¥kœ` d`kSu d`k;Zokgh d`js]D;kÍfd` l®k Hh mud`h gS d`kuwu Hh mud`kgS\ lsuk eÍ Hh bl ^d`kj ds` dq`N eke¥slkeus vkus ls vke turk d`ks csgnfujkæk gqbZ gS\ vr# ¥ksxkÍ eÍ nsæHfDr rƒkLokfHeku txkus ds` f¥, HzÆVkpkj d`ks[Re d`jds` LoPN ikjnæhZ rƒk ltx¥ksd`rU( d`ks d`k;e d`juk tÔjh gS\HzÆVkpkj eÍ ækfe¥ ¥ksxkÍ d`ks rqjUr ^Hkols fu¥fEcr d`j mUgÍ d`Bksj d`kuwuh n≥Md`k ^ko|ku cuk;k tkuk pkfg,\ HzÆVkpkjij ¥xke ¥xsxh rks nsæokfl;kÍ eÍ Hh ubZ˜tkZ d`k lapkj gksxk\

(3) lsuk ds` LoÔi eÍ le;kuqlkjvko';d` œs`jcn¥ d`jus] mlds` d`k;ksÛ d`ksfoLrkj nsus vƒok mld`h uohu Hwfed`kcukus ds` f¥, le;-le; ij O;kid` Lrjij leh”k d`juk vfuok;Z gS\ dsÙnzljd`kj rƒk lsuk nksukÍ d`ks bl eqnΩns ijltxrk fn[krs gq, lkƒ-lkƒ ijLijlg;ksx ls d`k;Z d`juk pkfg,] blds` f¥,lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`ks ig¥s Lo;a vius Lrjls xgu Nkuchu d`jds` vkil eÍ le;-le; ij foLr~r fopkj-foeæZ d`jukpkfg,] rRi'pkrΩ viuh laLrqfr;k∑ dsÙnzljd`kj ds` le” j[uh pkfg,\ dsÙnzljd`kj rƒk lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ ds` chp bl^d`kj d`h leh”k cSBdÍ` fu;fer gksuhpkfg,\ bleÍ j”k lkefjd` rƒk lSU;foæs"KkÍ rƒk iwoZ lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`ks Hhækfe¥ fd`;k tkuk pkfg,\ ijLij fopkj-foeæZ ds` ckn tks vke jk; d`k;e gksrh gSmlds` vuqlkj ubZ uhfr;k∑ fu|kZfjr d`htkuh pkfg,\ flœZ` ubZ uhfr;k∑ cukuk Hjd`kœ`h ugÓ gS] cfYd` mld`k lœ`¥ rƒklgh f∂`;kUo;u gksuk Hh vfr vko';d` gS\

(4) vius v|huLƒ tokukÍ ds` lkƒHsnHko iw.Z O;ogkj d`jus ok¥s vƒokmud`k fd`lh ^d`kj d`k æks". o mRihÈMud`jus ok¥s lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ ds` f[¥kœ`d`Bksj d`k;Zokgh d`juh pkfg,\ vf|d`kaæekSd`kÍ ij bl ^d`kj ds` eke¥kÍ d`ks nckfn;k tkrk gS\ vƒok lkoZtfud` ugÓ fd`;ktkrk] D;kÍfd` blls lsuk rƒk vketuekul ds` euksc¥ ij ud`kjkRedèuksoSKkfud` ^Hko iÈMus d`k [rjk jgrk

gS] exj bl ^d`kj d`h ?VukvkÍ ijvkoj. vksÈ< ¥sus ls bu eke¥kÍ eÍ cÈ<ks®jhgksrh tk,xh\ Bhd` gS lsuk bl ij viuhrjg ls d`kuwuh n≥M d`k ^ko|ku d`js]exj nks"h vf|d`kjh d`ks D;k ltk eqd`jZjd`h xbZ rƒk eke¥s d`k okLrfod` ig¥wD;k ƒk] bld`ks lkoZtfud` d`juk x¥r HhugÓ gS] vxj nks"h vf|d`kjh ds` f[¥kœ`Rofjr d`k;Zokgh gksrh gS rks bld`k vketurk ij ld`kjkRed` ^Hko gh iÈMsxk`=tokukÍ d`k vius futh d`kekÍ eÍ bLrsek¥d`jus ok¥s nks"h vœ`ljkÍ ds` f[¥kœ` Hhmfpr d`k;Zokgh gksuh pkfg,\

(5) lSU; c¥kÍ d`h HkoukvkÍ ;ktTckrkÍ d`ks vk|qfud` nkSj eÍ nck;k ugÓtk ld`rk] D;kÍfd` blls vU; rjg d`hfod~`fr;k∑ lkeus vk ld`rh gS] exj blckr ij vf|d` xkSj d`jus d`h tÔjr gSfd` mud`h Hkouk,a ;k tTckr mud`hdètksjh ugÓ cfYd` etcwrh cus rƒk osvius d`®ZO;kÍ ds ^fr gesæk ltx cus jgs\mueÍ bl ^d`kj d`k fo'okl iSnk d`juk gSfd` ?j-ifjokj rƒk lekt ls nwj jgus ijI;kj rƒk lnΩHkouk dè ugÓ gksrh gS]cfYd` vkSj vf|d` cÈ< tkrh gS] blds`f¥, euksoSKkfud`kÍ d`h l¥kg ¥h tkld`rh gS\ lsuk pkgs rks euksoSKkfud`kÍ rƒkeuksfpfd`Rld`kÍ ds` u, in l~ftr d`jld`rh gS\ lSU; c¥kÍ d`ks ekufld` Ôi lsvf|d` lqn~È< cukus ds` f¥, ;ksx ÷;kui*fr;kÍ d`ks fu;fer fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\blh ^d`kj tokukÍ `d`h ekufld` ƒd`ku ;kmck˜iu nwj d`jus ds` f¥, [s¥dw`n^fr;ksfxrkvkÍ] lkaLd~`frd` d`k;Z∂èkÍ] laxhrlekjksgkÍ rƒk blh ^d`kj ds` vU;d`k;Z∂èkÍ d`k vk;kstu Hh fd`;k tk ld`rkgS ftleÍ lSU; c¥kÍ d`h Hkxhnkjh Hhlqfuf'pr gks rƒk blds` f¥, ikfjrksf"d`d`h O;oLƒk Hh d`h tkuh pkfg,\

(6) fo»k¥;kÍ eÍ ‘lSU;-fæ”k’\ tSlsu, ^;ksx vo'; fd`, tkus pkfg, rkfd`lSU;-lsokvkÍ eÍ tkus ds` f¥, bPNqd` cPpkÍd`ks cpiu ls gh ækjhfjd` rƒk ekufld`Ôi ls rS;kj fd`;k tk,] lSU; lsokvkÍ eÍvf|d`kjh cuus ds` f¥, ls¥sDæu ^f∂`;k12oÓ D¥kl ij vk|kfjr jgh gS] exjvc blds` f¥, 10oÓ D¥kl ds` ckn ^;klæqÔ fd`, tkus pkfg,] blls tkWc ds` ^frvfHHkod` rƒk cPps nksukÍ ,';ksMZ gkstk,axs] exj lSU; fæ”k ,sfPNd`` gksuhpkfg,\

(7) ehfM;k ftl rjg ls if'pe vfrHkSfrd`rkoknh laLd~`fr d`h vksj ;qokvkÍ d`ksHVd`k jgk gS] og mfpr ugÓ gS\ ;qokvkÍd`ks bl ckr d`k vglkl fn¥kuk tÔjh gS

fd` fd`lh laLd~`fr d`k va|kHDr cud`jge cÈMs ugÓ cu tkrs] cfYd` cÈMk og gSftl O;fDr ;k nsæ d`h laLd~`fr nwljs d`ks^Hkfor d`jus d`h ”erk j[rh gks\ ;»fivU; laLd~`fr;kÍ d`h vPNh ,oa xq.o®kiw.ZckrkÍ d`ks vkRelkrΩ vo'; d`juk pkfg,]exj mld`h fod~`fr;kÍ d`ks viukd`j d`ksbZHh O;fDr ;k nsæ egkuΩ ugÓ curk\ehfM;k d`ks viuk m®jnkf;Ro le>ukpkfg, vkSj vxj os ,slk ugÓ d`jrs rksmuds` f[¥kœ` d`ksbZ d`kuwuh ^ko|ku cuk;ktk ld`rk gS\

●●●

æs" i~ÆB 713 d`k

rqd`cUnh ^Lrqr d`h tkrh gS\ bud`k ,d`-,d` mnkgj. uhps fn;k tk jgk gS%

igs¥h%,d` ukj nks d`ks ¥s cSBh ‰VsÈ<h gksd`j fc¥ eÍ iSBh ‰‰ftlds` cSBs mls lqgk; ‰[qljks mlds` c¥-c¥ tk; ‰‰

·m®j # ik;tkek‚eqd`jh%tc esjs efUnj eÍ vkos ‰lksrs eq>d`ks vku txkos ‰‰iÈ<r fœ`jr og fojg ds` vPNj ‰,s lf[ lktu = uk lf[ ePNj ‰‰

·m®j # ePNj‚nks l[quk%jksVh t¥h D;kÍ =?ksÈMk vÈMk D;kÍ =iku lÈMk D;kÍ =

·m®j # œs`jk u ƒk‚fulcr%vkneh vkSj xsgw∑ eÍ D;k fulcr gS=

·m®j # ck¥‚

vehj [qljks d`k thou lHh |eksÛ ds`f¥, leku Hko d`k thoar mnkgj. jgkgS\ og fgUnh ds` ^kjfEHd` d`fo jgs gß\fgUnh [ÈMh cks¥h ds` fod`kl d`k v÷;;umuds` ;ksxnku d`h ppkZ fd`, fcuk v|wjkgh ekuk tkrk gS\ mud`h igsf¥;kÍ] eqd`fj;kÍeÍ [ÈMh cks¥h d`k cÈMk lqƒjk Ôi fe¥rkgS\ muds` fgUnh ^se d`ks ns[d`j xzhCt usf¥[k gS fd` bl ckr ij ÷;ku nsuk cgqrgh euksjatd` gS fd` mPp in ^kIr eql¥-ekukÍ ds` e÷; Hh fgUnh vR;f|d` lEekfurgksrh jgh gS\

●●●


Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa laL—fr

01. ^kphu lkezkT; ‘vofUr’ d`h jkt|kuh d`gk∑ ƒh=% mTtSu

02. vius lkezkT; d`ks ‘nk:¥ bL¥ke’ d`k ,d` Hkx le>usok¥k ^ƒe eqfL¥e ækld` d`kSu ƒk=

% bYrqrfeæ03. fd`l ækld` us okjax¥ ds` ^rki:nz nso ls d`ksfguwj ghjk

^kIr fd`;k ƒk=% v¥kmnΩnhu f[¥th us

04. fnY¥h ds` fud`V rqx¥d`kckn ds` fd`¥s d`k fuekZ. fd`lækld` us d`jok;k ƒk=

% fx;klqnΩnhu rqx¥d` us05. e;wj ¯lgklu d`k fuekZ. fd`l eqx¥ cknækg ds` æklu

d`k¥ eÍ gqvk ƒk=% ækgtgk∑ ds` æklu d`k¥ eÍ

06. vkSjaxtsc us fd`l lar d`ks e~R;q n≥M fn;k ƒk=% xq: rsxcgknqj d`ks

07. ef¥d` vEcj ew¥Ôi ls d`gk∑ d`k fuoklh ƒk=% bƒksfi;k d`k

08. Hkjr eÍ bZLV bf≥M;k dÈiuh d`k æklu d`c lekIr fd`;kx;k=

% 1858 bZ\ eÍ09. ¥ksd` lsok eÍ Hkjrh;kÍ d`h fu;qfDr u d`jus d`h uhfr d`k vkjEH

fd`lus fd`;k ƒk=% ¥kWMZ d`kuZokf¥l us

10. cukjl eÍ lsUV_¥ fgUnw Ldw`¥ d`h Lƒkiuk fd`lus d`h ƒh=% ,suh cslÍV us

jk"Vªh; LorU=rk vkUnksyu

11. nf¥r oxZ d`ks lkekftd` U;k; fn¥kus ds` mˆs'; ls ‘tfLVlvkUnks¥u 1915-16 bZ\’ eÍ d`gk∑ ls ^kjEH gqvk ƒk=

% enzkl ·vc psUubZ‚ ls12. ‘n xzsV fjoksYV’ uked` iqLrd` ds` ¥s[d` d`kSu gß=

% væksd` esgrk13. 1857 eÍ b¥kgkckn eÍ fonzksg d`k usr~Ro fd`lus fd`;k ƒk=

% f¥;kd`r v¥h us14. egkjkuh foDVksfj;k d`h ?ks".k d`ks b¥kgkckn njckj eÍ

fd`lus iÈ<k ƒk=% ¥kWMZ ds`¯ux us

15. lafo|ku lHk ds` fopkj foeæZ eÍ Hkx ugÓ f¥;k ƒk%% eqfL¥e ¥hx rƒk nsæh jkT;kÍ us

16. Hkjr foHktu ds` f¥, 3 twu] 1947 bZ\ d`ks cukbZ ;kstuk ƒh%% ekm≥VcSVsu ;kstuk

17. egkRek xka|h dsò¥ ,d` ckj ·1924 bZ\ eÍ‚ d`kaxzsl v÷;”cus\ ;g vf|osæu d`gk∑ gqvk ƒk=

% cs¥xk∑o eÍ18. lqHk"pUnz cksl us d`kaxzsl ds` fd`l vf|osæu eÍ v÷;” pqus

tkus ds` ckn bLrhœ`k fn;k ƒk ftlds` ifj.keLoÔi MkW\jktsUnz ^lkn d`kaxssl ds` v÷;” cus=

% f(iqjh vf|osæu (1939) eÍ19. lkbeu dèhæu ds` fojks| eÍ ^næZud`kfj;kÍ ij iqf¥l ¥kBh

pktZ eÍ ?k;¥ gksus ds` œ`¥LoÔi fd`l jkÆV_h; usrk d`h e~R;qgqbZ=

% ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk; d`h20. egkRek xka|h us ^ƒe ukxfjd` voKk vkUnks¥u (Civil

Disobedience Movement) fd`l ?Vuk ds` i'pkrΩ ^kjEHfd`;k=

% lkbeu dèhæu ds` d`kj.

Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk ,oa lafo/kku

21. lafo|ku lHk d`h ^ƒe cSBd` 9 fnlEcj] 1946 d`ks MkW\lfPpnkuan flUgk d`h v÷;”rk eÍ gqbZ\ fd`l êq[ jktuhfrd`n¥ us bld`k cfgÆd`kj fd`;k ƒk=

% eqfL¥e ¥hx us22. lafo|ku lHk ds` laoS|kfud` l¥kgd`kj in ij fd`ld`h

fu;qfâ` d`h xbZ=% MkW\ ch\ ,u\ jko d`h

23. N# ekSf¥d` vf|d`kj d`kSu–d`kSuls gß=% 1. lekurk d`k vf|d`kj] 2. Lora(rk d`k vf|d`kj]

3. æks". ds` fo:`* vf|d`kj] 4. |kfeZd` Lora(rkd`k vf|d`kj] 5. laLÎ`fr rƒk fæ”k d`k vf|d`kj]

6. lkafo|kfud` mipkjkÍ d`k vf|d`kj24. ¥ksd` lHk ds` ^ƒe v÷;” ƒs%

% x.sæ oklqnso eko¥ad`j25. Hkjr ds` ^ƒe eq“; U;k;k|hæ d`kSu ƒs=

% ghjk¥k¥ ts\ d`kfu;k

26. jkÆV_ifr ds` R;kxi( d`h lwpuk mijkÆV_ifr fd`ld`ks nsrk gS=% ¥ksd` lHk v÷;” ·Lihd`j‚ d`ks

27. Hkjr d`k egkU;k;oknh (Attorney General of India) d`crd` in |kj. d`j ld`rk gS=

% jkÆV_ifr ds` ^lkni;ZUr

28. ;fn ¥ksd` lHk v÷;” vuqifLƒr gks rks laln ds` la;qâ`vf|osæu d`h v÷;”rk d`kSu d`jrk gS=

% ¥ksd` lHk d`k mik÷;”29. lafo|ku ds` fd`l vuqPNsn ds` ^ko|kukÍ ds` vUrxZr Hkjr

ljd`kj }kjk Hkjr jRu] inΩe foHw". vkfn v¥ad`j. ^nkufd`, tkrs gß`=

% vuqPNsn 18 ds` vUrxZr


30. ¥ksd`rkaf(d` fodsÙnzhd`j. d`h ;kstuk d`jus ok¥h lfefr d`kD;k uke gS=

% c¥oUrjk; esgrk lfefr

Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy

31. fcztVkmu fd`l nsæ d`h jkt|kuh gS=% ckjckMksl d`h

32. fo'o d`h d`kSulh unh Hwe÷; js[k d`ks nks ckj ∂`kl d`jrh gS=% d`kaxks unh

33. ‘Mwj≥M js[k’ fdù nks nsækÍ ds` chp vUrjkZÆV_h; lhek fu|kZfjrd`jrh gS`=

% vœ`xkfuLrku vkSj Hkjr ds` chp34. mÈMhlk eÍ ‘flfe¥hik¥ oU; vH;kj≥;’ d`gk∑ fLƒr gS=

% e;wjHat eÍ35. ‘;wjksi d`k d`kWd`fiV’ (Cockpit of Europe) fd`l nsæ d`ks

d`grs gß=% csfYt;e d`ks

36. Hkjr d`k nf”.re fcUnq d`g¥krk gS%% bfUnjk ikWbUV

37. ‘lrhæ |ou vUrfj” dsÙnz’ (Satish Dhawan SpaceCentre) d`gk∑ fLƒr gS=

% Jhgfjd`ksVk ·vkU|z ^nsæ‚38. uSUlh fd`l nsæ d`k êq[ vkS»ksfxd` uxj gS`=

% fczVsu d`k39. fo'o d`k lcls cÈMk egklkxj d`kSulk gS=

% ^ækUr egklkxj (Pacific Ocean)

40. fijsuht ioZr fdù nks nsækÍ ds` chp gS`=% ≠`k∑l vkSj Lisu

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk

41. fd`ls I¥kfLVd` euh d`gk tkrk gS=% ∂s`fMV d`kMZ rƒk MsfcV d`kMZ nksukÍ d`ks

42. vkbZ\ ih\ vks\ (IPO) d`k iw.ZÔi D;k gS=% buhfæ;¥ ifC¥d` vkWœ`j (Initial Public Offer)

43. d`kSulk lwpd`kad` fd`lh nsæ ds` ¥ksxkÍ d`h vk;q lEHkfork]lk”jrk Lrj] fæ”k vkSj thou Lrj ekius ds` f¥, rS;kjfd`;k x;k gS=% ekuo fod`kl lwpd`kad` (Human Development Index)

44. 13oÍ fo® vk;ksx ds` v÷;” d`kSu gß=% fot; ds`¥d`j

45. vfu¥ dìwj ABC ds` v÷;” gß\ bleÍ ABC d`k D;k vƒZ gS=% vkWfMV C;wfj;ks vkWœ` ljdq`¥sæu(Audit Bureau of Circulation)

46. 1 tuojh] 1981 ls SDR d`k ewY; ik∑p lcls cÈMs fu;kZrd`lnL; nsækÍ d`h eqnzkvkÍ d`h ckLds`V (Basket) ds` vk|kj ijfu|kZfjr fd`;k tkus ¥xk gS\ ;g eqnzk,a gß%% ;w\ ,l\ MkW¥j] ekdZ`] ;su] ≠Í`d` rƒk ikm≥M LVj¯¥x

47. jkÆV_h; lkaf“;d`h; fnol 29 twu d`ks fd`lds` tUe fnol ds`mi¥{; eÍ euk;k tkus ¥xk gS=

% ih\ lh\ egk¥uksfol/nsæ ds` egkuΩ lkaf“;d`hos®krƒk d`ks¥d`krk fLƒr Hkjrh; lkaf“;d`h; laLƒku

(Indian Statistical Institute) ds` laLƒkid` ds`tUe fnol ds` mi¥{; eÍ

48. [k» ,ao Î`f" laxBu (FAO) d`k eq“;k¥; d`gk∑ gS=% jkse ·bV¥h‚ eÍ

49. fo'o cßd` d`h ‘mnkj )`. ^nku d`jus ok¥h f[ÈMd`h’ fd`lsd`gk tkrk gS=

% vUrjkZÆV_h; fod`kl la? (IDA) d`ks

50. Hkjr d`h ig¥h ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ (HDR) d`c tkjh d`hxbZ ƒh=

% v^S¥ 2002 eÍ

lkekU; foKku

51. gkbM_kSf¥d` czsd` fd`l fl*kUr ij d`ke d`jrs gß=% ikLd`¥ ds` fl*kUr ij

52. fd`l ?Vuk ds` d`kj. rkjs fVefVekrs (Twinkling) ^rhrgksrs gß=

% viorZu d`h ∂`fed` ?Vuk ds` d`kj.53. gheksX¥ksfcu fd`ld`h egRoiw.Z ?Vd` gksrh gS=

% ¥k¥ jâ` lSYl d`h54. nks rRo d`kSuls gß] tks lokZf|d` la“;k eÍ ;kSfxd`kÍ d`k fuekZ.

d`jrs gß=% gkbM_kstu vkSj d`kcZu

55. ikfjfLƒfrd`h (Ecology) fd`lds` v÷;;u ls lEcfU|r gS=% tho o i;kZoj. ds` lg–lEcU|kÍ ls

56. ekuo æjhj d`h lcls NksVh gMΩMh gksrh gS%% LVsfil

57. ekuo æjhj eÍ ‘vk;ksMhu ;qDr ued`’ d`k D;k d`k;Z gS=% ƒk;jkW;M xzfUƒ;kÍ ds` d`k;Z d`ks fu;af(r d`juk

58. æjhj d`k d`kSulk vax ,d` ^d`kj ls ‘:f|j cßd`’ (BloodBank) d`k d`k;Z d`jrk gS=

% I¥hgk (Spleen)

59. e¥sfj;k cq[kj œS`¥kus ok¥s ePNj d`k uke gS%% ,ukŒ¥ht ePNj

60. euqÆ; d`h ^R;sd` d`ksfæd`k eÍ ∂`ksekslksEl d`h la“;k gksrh gS%% 46

—f"k

61. xzkeh. ”s(kÍ eÍ vfrfjâ` ¥kH^n jkstxkj ^nku d`jus gsrqlkƒ gh [k» lqj”k] lkekftd` ,oa vkfƒZd` lqfo|k,a nsus ds`f¥, ‘,l th vkj okbZ’ (SGRY%lEiw.Z xzkeh. jkstxkj;kstuk‚ tokgj xzke le~f* ;kstuk vkSj lqfuf'pr jkstxkj;kstuk nksukÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j] d`c æqÔ d`h xbZ ƒh=

% 25 flrEcj] 2001 d`ks


62. ‘jkÆV_h; xzkeh. jkstxkj xkjUVh vf|fu;e] 2005’ ·‘ujsxk’%‘NAREGA’–National Rural Employment Guaran-tee Act, 2005‚ ds` rgrΩ vdq`æ¥ ækjhfjd` Je d`jus ds`bPNqd` xzkeh. ifjokj ds` o;Ld` lnL;kÍ d`ks ,d` fo®h; o"ZeÍ vf|d`re fd`rus fnukÍ d`h etnwjh jkstxkj nsus gsrq æqÔd`h xbZ ƒh ;g ;kstuk……

% 100 fnukÍ d`k etnwjh jkstxkj63. ‘ujsxk’ (NAREGA) ds` vf|fu;e] 2005’ d`ks loZ^ƒe

nsæ ds` fd`rus pqus x, ft¥kÍ eÍ 2 œ`jojh] 2006 ls ¥kxwd`j æqÔ fd`;k x;k=

% 200 p;fur ft¥kÍ eÍ64. ^|kuea(h xzke lÈMd` ;kstuk (PMGSY–Pradhan

Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana)–100% dsÙnz ^k;ksftr;kstuk%lÈMd`kÍ ls u tqÈMh clkoVkÍ d`ks lÈMd` lEidZ`mi¥C| d`jkus gsrq] d`c æqÔ d`h xbZ ƒh=

% fnlEcj 2002 ls65. NSAP (National Social Assistance Programme)

vƒkZrΩ jkÆV_h; lkekftd` lgk;rk d`k;Z d`c æqÔ fd`;k x;kƒk=

% o"Z 1995–96 eÍ66. xzkeh. fod`kl ea(k¥; ·Hkjr ljd`kj‚%BPL (Below

Poverty Line) ifjokjkÍ d`ks ed`kukÍ ds` fuekZ./ejEer eÍlgk;rkƒZ ‘bafnjk vkokl ;kstuk’ (IAY–Indira AwasYojana) d`c ls d`k;kZfUor d`j jgk gS=

% 1985–86 ls67. ‘bafnjk xka|h jkÆV_h; o~*koLƒk isæu ;kstuk’ (Indira

Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme–IGNOAPS) ,d` ubZ ;kstuk ds` Ôi eÍ d`c æqÔ d`h ƒh=

% 19 uoEcj] 2007 d`ks68. dsÙnz ljd`kj }kjk ‘lhvkj,lih’ (CRSP–Central Rural

Sanitation Programme) lEiw.Z LoPNrk vfH;ku%xzkeh.”s(kÍ eÍ LoPNrk dòjst eÍ rsth ¥kus ds` mˆs'; ls ;gd`k;Z∂è d`c æqÔ fd`;k ƒk`=

% 1986 eÍ69. ARWSP (Accelerated Rural Water Supply

Programme) ds` ,d` Hkx ds` Ôi eÍ dsÙnz ljd`kj }kjk‘Lot¥|kjk d`k;Z∂è’ (Swajaldhara Programme) xzkeh.t¥ vkiwfrZ d`k;Z∂è d`ks cÈ<kok nsus gsrq fd`l o"Z ls æqÔfd`;k x;k`=

% o"Z 2002–03 eÍ70. dsÙnz ljd`kj }kjk NDWM (National Drinking Water

Mission)%æqÔvkr 1986, d`k o"Z 1991 eÍ bl NDWM`d`k uke cn¥ d`j u;k uke fd`;k x;k%

% RGNDWM (Rajiv Gandhi National DrinkingWater Mission)

[ksydwn

71. Hkjrh; f∂`ds`V Vhe ds` orZeku d`ksp d`kSu gß=% xSjh d`lZVu

72. vkxk [k∑ dì fd`l [s¥ ls lEcfU|r gS=% gkWd`h ls

73. ‘j.th V_kWœ`h’ d`k lEcU| fd`l [s¥ ls gS=% f∂`ds`V ls

74. f∂`ds`V [s¥ ds` f¥, pfpZr ækjtkg (Sharjah) d`gk∑ gS=% ;w\ ,\ bZ\ eÍ

75. ¥kWu Vsful d`ksVksÛ ds` f¥, fo“;kr foEc¥Mu d`gk∑ gS=% ¥Unu eÍ

76. vt¥uækg gkWd`h VwukZeÍV d`h estckuh d`kSulk nsæ d`jrk gS=% e¥sfæ;k

77. fpUukLokeh LVsfM;e d`gk∑ fLƒr gS=% cÍx¥q:` eÍ

78. ekuothr ¯lg la|q fd`l [s¥ ls lEcfU| gß`=% fuækusckth ls

79. VΩoÍVh–20 fo'o dì f∂`ds`V eÍ Hkjr us lsehœ`kbu¥ eSpfd`l nsæ d`h Vhe ds` f[¥kœ` [s¥k ƒk=

% vkLV_sf¥;k d`h Vhe ds` lkƒ80. isu¥ΩVh LV_ksd` æCn fd`l [s¥ ls lEcfU|r gS=

% gkWd`h ls

fofo/k

81. d`kaxzsl ig¥h ckj vke pquko eÍ d`c gkjh ƒh=% 1977 eÍ

82. fo'o LokLF; fnol d`c euk;k tkrk gS=% 7 v^S¥ d`ks

83. ‘1984’ miU;kl fd`lus f¥[k gS=% tkWtZ vkWjos¥ us

84. ‘foMk¥ VsLV’ fd`l jksx d`h lEHkouk d`h tk∑p ds` f¥, fd`;ktkrk gS=

% Vkbœ`kbM85. ^ƒe nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj fd`lus ^kIr fd`;k=

% nsfod`k jkuh us86. HVukxj iqjLd`kj fd`l ”s( eÍ ^nku fd`;k tkrk gS=

% foKku ,oa ^kS»ksfxd`h ds` ”s( eÍ87. ;e–ufpds`rk d`h d`gkuh fd`l mifu"n eÍ gS=

% d`Bksifu"nΩ eÍ88. ‘xhr xksfoUn’ ds` jpf;rk d`kSu gß= % t;nso89. fd`l lkWŒVos;j dÈiuh us Hkjr eÍ ‘vuf¥feVsM iksVÍfæ;¥’

(Unlimited Potential) uked` fæ”k iksVZ¥ ^kjEH fd`;k gS=% ekb∂`kslkWŒV us

90. ;w\ ,u\ vks\ fd`l fnu d`ks ‘vUrjkZÆV_h; v¯glk fnol’ ds`Ôi eÍ ?ksf"r fd`;k gS=

% 2 vDVwcj d`ks91. fo'o cßd` ds` orZeku v÷;” d`kSu gß=

% jkWcVZ tks,f¥d`

92. ‘n oftZu vkWœ` n jkWDl’ (The Virgin of the Rocks) ds`fp(d`kj d`kSu gß=

% f¥;ksukMksZ–n–foUlh93. egkcf¥iqjeΩ ds` jƒ efUnjkÍ d`k fuekZ. fd`lus d`jok;k ƒk=

% uj¯lg oeZu ^ƒe us


94. gks ph feUg us fd`l nsæ ds` Lora(rk vkUnks¥u d`k usr~Rofd`;k ƒk=

% fo;ruke ds` Lora(rk vkUnks¥u95. ikfd`Lrku d`h usæu¥ vlsEc¥h d`h ^ƒe efg¥k Lihd`j d`kSu

pquh xbZ gß`=% MkW\ œ`gfenk fetkZ

96. Hkjrh; fjtoZ cßd` ds` orZeku v÷;” d`kSu cus gß=% MkW\ Mqoqjh lqCckjko (Duwuri Subbarao)

97. la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx (UPSC) ds` u, v÷;” cus gß%% ^ks\ Mh\ ih\ vxzok¥

98. lSU; d`feZ;kÍ ds` d`ksVZ ekæZ¥ ds` œS`l¥kÍ ds` fo:* vih¥kÍrƒk fofHUu mPp U;k;k¥;kÍ eÍ ¥fEcr eke¥kÍ d`h RofjrlquokbZ ds` f¥, u, ^Lrkfor læL( c¥ U;k;kf|d`j.(Armed Forces Tribunal) ds` ^ƒe v÷;” d`k nkf;Rofd`ls lkßik x;k gS=

% U;k;ewfrZ ,\ ds`\ ekƒqj ·mPpre U;k;k¥;ls lsokfuo~r U;k;k|hæ‚

99. ijeohj p∂` ls lEekfur ^ƒe O;fâ` gß%% lkseukƒ æekZ

100. lq^fl* ¯¥xjkt efUnj d`gk∑ fLƒr gS=% Hqous'oj ·mÈMhlk‚ eÍ

101. ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ls lEekfur ^ƒe Hkjrh; efg¥k d`kSu gß=% enj Vsjslk

102. jkÆV_h; Hwfe lq|kj ifj"nΩ ds` v÷;” gß%% MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg

103. nf”. vejhd`k ds` fd`l nsæ us ,d` efg¥k d`ks viuk jkÆV_ifrpquk gS=

% vtsZ≥Vhuk us

104. Î`f"/^kƒfed`rk ^kIr ”s( d`ks )`. nsus ds` ckjs eÍ uhfr;k∑cukus ok¥h æh"Z laLƒk gS%

% ukckMZ (NABARD)

105. fd`l m»ksx eÍ ‘Hkjh ikuh’ (Heavy Water) d`k mi;ksxfd`;k tkrk gS=

% U;wD¥h;j ikWoj tujsæu I¥kUV eÍ

106. ‘ikfd`Lrku # n xSn¯jx LVkWElZ’ (Pakistan : TheGathering Storms) iqLrd` fd`lus f¥[h gS=

% csuthj HqVΩVks us107. ASEAN fd`l ”s( ds` nsækÍ d`k laxBu gS=

% nf”.–iwohZ ,fæ;kbZ nsækÍ d`k108. ‘fgUnqLrku VkbEl’ ds` ^|ku lEiknd` fd`UgÍ cuk;k x;k gS=

% lat; ukjk;. d`ks109. ,u\ ,l\ th\ ls D;k vfH^k; gS=

% U;wfD¥;j lI¥k;lZ xzqi ;g ijek.q rd`uhd` vkSj lkt–lkeku d`h lI¥kbZ d`jus ok¥s nsækÍ d`k laxBu gS

110. vkrad`h ge¥s eÍ ÷oLr ‘oYMZ V_sM lsUVj’ ds` Lƒku ijvejhd`k eÍ fo'o d`h lcls ˜∑ph VkWoj d`k fuekZ. fd`;ktk jgk gS\ bld`k uke ‘≠`hMe VkWoj’ D;kÍ j[k x;k gS=

% D;kÍfd` œq`VkÍ eÍ bld`h ˜∑pkbZ (1776 œq`V) vejhd`kds` Lora(rk ^kIr d`jus ds` o"Z d`ks fuÔfir d`jsxh\

●●●

Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l œ`kslZuohu laLd`j.uohu laLd`j.uohu laLd`j.

tuj¥ MΩ;wVh

lEiknd` e≥M¥ lkekU; Kku niZ. ewY; # 99.00 :i,★ Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l œ`kslZ d`k∑LVsfc¥ HrhZ ijh{kk

★ Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l œ`kslZ d`k∑LVsfc¥ HrhZ ijh{kk¥s[d` # MkW\ tSu ,oa æekZ ewY; # 75.00 :i,

¥s[d`}; # MkW\ ¥k¥ ,oa tSu d`ksM ua\ 522 ewY; # 145/-

uohu^Lrqfr



vkxkeh Hkjrh; flfo¥ lsok ·eq“;‚ ijh”k 2009 gsrq foæs" ekWM¥ g¥ ^'u-i(

lkekU; v÷;;u·^ƒe ^'u-i(‚

^'u 1. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nks ds`m®j nhft,%

·^R;sd` ¥xHx 250 æCn eÍ‚·d`‚ mUuhloÓ ærkCnh eÍ 1850 ds`

ckn Hkjr eÍ ^kjEH gq, ^eq[ lektlq|kj vkUnks¥ukÍ ij ppkZ d`hft,\ buvkUnks¥ukÍ us Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; vkUnks¥ueÍ fd`l ^d`kj ;ksxnku fn;k`=

·[‚ caxk¥ foHktu ds` ihNs ew¥mnΩns'; D;k ƒs= blds` D;k ifj.ke gq,=bls D;kÍ Lƒfxr d`j fn;k x;k`=

·x‚ dS`fcusV feæu ;kstuk D;kƒh= bl ;kstuk eÍ ‘lewghd`j.’ ls D;kvkæ; ƒk= blds` ^fr d`kaxzsl vkSjeqfL¥e ¥hx d`k D;k n~fÆVd`ks. ƒk=

m®j%


^'u 2. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍf¥f[,% ·^R;sd` 20 æCn eÍ‚

·d`‚ lkse ^d`kæ·[‚ ¥kWMZ eSd`k¥s·x‚ æqf* vkUnks¥u·?‚ æs[ vCnq¥ g¥h¥ æjkj·î‚ BDd`j ckik·p‚ ,uh cslsUV·N‚ ¥BΩBekj gks¥h·t‚ Lojkt ikVhZ·>‚ jke ¯d`d`j

·ík‚ ukuk lkgc

·V‚ vkfnoS®

·B‚ lSj–,–xq¥œ`jksæu

·M‚ xkU|kj d`¥k

·<‚ lkjukƒ

·.‚ JhjaxiVue

m®j

^'u 3. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nksds` m®j nhft,%

·^R;sd` ¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ‚

·d`‚ fgek¥; d`h ufn;kÍ d`h foæs"-rkvkÍ d`h ppkZ d`hft,\ d`kSulh ufn;kÍ usfgek¥; ds` vkj–ikj xgjh ?kfV;kÍ d`kfuekZ. fd`;k gS=

·[‚ vk|s ls vf|d` Hkjr ds` d`dZ`js[k (Tropic of Cancer) ds ckgj jgusds` ckotwn Hkjr d`ks mÆ.d`fVcU|h;Hkjr d`gk tkrk gS] D;kÍ=

·x‚ Hkjr eÍ ¥kSg ,oa bLikr ds`lHh cÈMs la;U(kÍ ds i\ caxk¥] >kj[≥M]mÈMhlk] N®hlxÈ< rƒk vkU|z ^nsæ d`hiVΩVh eÍ gh Lƒkfir fd`, tkus ds` D;kd`kj. gß`= rdZ` lfgr O;k“;k d`hft,\

m®j


^'u 4. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍf¥f[, % ·^R;sd` ¥xHx 20 æCnkÍ eÍ‚

·d`‚ ;wV_ksfœ`ds`æu·[‚ tSoe≥M¥ fjtoZl·x‚ ,l\ bZ\ tSM·?‚ nf”. xaxk·î‚ xkjks–jkteg¥ vUrjk¥

m®j

^'u 5. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh ,d`^'u d`k m®j nhft,%

·¥xHx 250 æCnkÍ eÍ‚

·d`‚ ∏xBcU|u ljd`kjÍ Hkjrh;jktuhfr d`k vfHUu vax cu xbZ gß\∏fVIi.h d`hft,\

·[‚ ∏ækfUriw.Z fuÆi” pqukoHkjrh; ¥ksd`rU( d`h ,d` vHwriwoZlœ`¥rk gS\π foospuk d`hft,\

m®j


^'u 6. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nks^'ukÍ ds` m®j nhft,%

·^R;sd` ¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ‚·d`‚ Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr d`ks fd`l lhek

rd` foosd`k|hu æfâ`;k∑ ^kIr gß=·[‚ ∏Hkjr eÍ jktuhfrd` n¥kÍ ds`

Hhrj n¥h; ¥ksd`rkaf(d` ewY;kÍ d`k ”j. gksjgk gS\π foospuk d`hft,\

·x‚ Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ vYila“;d`ls D;k vkæ; gS= vYila“;d`kÍ ds` fgrkÍ d`hj”kƒZ lafo|ku eÍ D;k ^ko|ku fd`, x,gß`=

m®j


^'u 7. fuEuf¥f[r ds` m®j nhft,%·^R;sd` ¥xHx 20 æCnkÍ eÍ‚

(i) laln lnL;kÍ ds` foæs"kf|d`kjD;k gß`=

(ii) laln d`h d`kjZokgh lapk¥u eÍ‘æwU; d`k¥’ ls D;k vkæ; gS=

(iii) dS`fcusV ,oa eaf(e≥M¥ eÍ D;kvUrj gS`=

(iv) ^ks–VeZ Lihd`j D;k gksrk gS`=(v) d`ke p¥k˜ ljd`kj ls D;k

vkæ; gS`=m®j

^'u 8. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh ,d`d`k m®j nhft,% ·¥xHx 250 æCnkÍ eÍ‚

·d`‚ cPpkÍ d`ks fu#æqYd` ,oa vfuok;Zfæ”k d`k vf|d`kj vf|fu;e 2009 ds`^eq[ ^ko|kukÍ rƒk bld`h ^klafxd`rk ij^d`kæ Mkf¥,\

·[‚ le¥ßfxd`rk ij fnY¥h mPpU;k;k¥; ds` gkf¥;k fu.Z; ds` lUnHZ eÍHkjr eÍ mBh cgl ds` fofHUu ig¥qvkÍij ppkZ d`hft,\

m®j


^'u 9. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nksds` m®j nhft,%


·d`‚ Hkjr eÍ ukSd`jækgh ds` cÈ<rs^Hko ds` nqÆifj.kekÍ d`h foospuk d`hft,\

·[‚ b¥sDV_kWfud` ehfM;k eÍ efg¥kd`h Nfo fo"; ij vius fopkj ^d`Vd`hft,\

·x‚ iapk;rh jkt laLƒkvkÍ eÍ 50^frær Lƒku efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, vkjf”rd`j fn, tkus ds` D;k fufgrkƒZ gß`=

m®j


^'u 10. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh,d` d`k m®j nhft,%


·d`‚ Msjk lp[≥M ds` lUrjkekuUn d`h fo;uk eÍ gR;k ds` ifj.ke-LoÔi iatkc eÍ mith tkrh; ¯glk d`ksvki fd`l Ôi eÍ ns[rs gß`=

·[‚ Hkjr eÍ ck¥Je ds` cnrjLoÔikÍ ij ppkZ d`hft,\ ck¥Je fuokj-.kƒZ fd`, x, mik;kÍ d`h lœ`¥rk–vlœ`¥rk d`k ewY;kad`u d`hft,\

m®j


^'u 11. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓnks ds` m®j nhft,%

·¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ‚

·d`‚ lwpuk d`k vf|d`kj vf|fu;efd`l lhek rd` HzÆVkpkj ij jksd` ¥xkuseÍ lœ`¥ gqvk gS`=

·[‚ Hkjr eÍ ægjh–xzkeh. [kbZ ds`¥xkrkj pkSÈMs gksrs tkus ds` f¥, d`kSu–d`kSuls d`kj. m®jnk;h gß = bl vUrjk¥d`ks fd`l ^d`kj ikVk tk ld`rk gS`=

·x‚ X;kjgoÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk eÍ^kƒfed` fæ”k ds` ¥{; D;k gß`=

m®j

^'u 12. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍf¥f[,% ·¥xHx 20 æCnkÍ eÍ‚

·d`‚ vƒZ vkoj

·[‚ fofæÆV igpku la“;k (UIN)

·x‚ n”sl fo'ofo»k¥;

·?‚ ‘vkDVksil’ (OCTOPUS)

·î‚ ckUnzk–o¥hZ lh ¯¥d`

m®j

●●●


lkekU; v÷;;uvkxkeh Hkjrh; flfo¥ lsok ·eq“;‚ ijh{kk] 2009 gsrq foæs" ekWM¥ gy ^'u-i(

f}rh; ^'u–i(

^'u 1. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nksij fVIif.;k∑ f¥f[, ·^R;sd` fVIi.h¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuh pkfg,‚%

·d`‚ Jh¥ad`k eÍ f¥VΩVs d`k lœ`k;kvkSj Hkjr-Jh¥ad`k lEcU|\

·[‚ Hkjr-btjk;¥ lSU; lg;ksx\

·x‚ usik¥ eÍ%jktuhfrd` vfLƒjrk,oa Hkjr\

m®j%·d`‚


^'u 2. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍf¥f[, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`k m®j ¥xHx20 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%

·d`‚ Hkjr-ckaX¥knsæ t¥ lfU|·[‚ iape fo'o t¥ œ`ksje] 2009·x‚ vjc ¥hx fæ[j lEes¥u]

2009·?‚ 15oka xqV fujis” vkUnks¥u

fæ[j lEes¥u·î‚ cz©kslm®j%·d`‚ Hkjr-ckaX¥knsæ t¥


·d`‚ leqnzikjh; d`kexkj lalk|udsÙnz (OWRC)

·[‚ ih\vkbZ\vks\ fo'ofo»k¥;

·x‚ ôklh Hkjrh; lEeku iqjLd`kj

·?‚ Hkjr tkuks d`k;Z∂è

·î‚ d`kSæ¥ ^ksUu;u ;kstuk

m®j%·d`‚ leqnzikjh; d`kexkj

^'u 4. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh ,d`d`k m®j nhft, ·¥xHx 250 æCnkÍ eÍ‚%

·d`‚ eqnzkLœ`hfr fojks|kHkl D;k gS =o"Z 2009 ds` e÷; eÍ Hkjr eÍ bld`k^Hko fd`l Ôi eÍ ifj¥f”r gks jgk gS =

·[‚ cn¥rs oSf'od` ifj›'; eÍrsth ls mHjrh fod`klæh¥ vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍd`h Hwfed`k ds` lUnHZ eÍ fczd` (BRIC)fæ[j lEes¥u 2009 d`h mi¥fC|;kÍ ijppkZ d`hft,\

m®j%·d`‚


^'u 5. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nksfo";kÍ ij ppkZ d`hft, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`km®j ¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%

·d`‚ ^|kueU(h d`h jkÆV_h; d`kSæ¥fod`kl ifj"nΩ D;k gS =

·[‚ oSf'od` eUnh d`h pisV lsHkjrh; vƒZO;oLƒk d`ks cpkus ds` f¥,Hkjr ljd`kj }kjk viuk, x, mik;kÍd`h ppkZ d`hft,\

·x‚ jkÆV_h; [k» lqj”k feæu ds`mˆs';kÍ ,oa d`k;Zuhfr d`ks le>kb,\

m®j%·d`‚


^'u 6. fuEuf¥f[r ds` ckjs eÍf¥f[, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`k m®j ¥xHx20 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%

·d`‚ fo'o gfjr lwpd`kad` (WorldGreen Index)

·[‚ nwjUrks

·x‚ Hkjrh; fofæÆV igpku^kf|d`j.

·?‚ ;æik¥ lfefr fjiksVZ%2009

·î‚ V_kal ,fæ;u js¥ usVodZ`

m®j%·d`‚ fo'o gfjr lwpd`kad`

^'u 7. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh ,d`ij f¥f[,\ ·^R;sd` d`k m®j ¥xHx150 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%

·d`‚ efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:`* lHh ^d`kjds` HsnHkokÍ d`h lekfIr ij vfHle;(CEDAW) ds` ^eq[ ^ko|ku D;k gßrƒk bUgÍ fd`l ^d`kj ¥kxw fd`;k tkrk gS =

·[‚ oSf'od` vkfƒZd` lad`V ds`p¥rs rsth ls ^pf¥r uolaj”.okn ds`vkSfpR; ij ppkZ d`hft,\

m®j%·d`‚



·d`‚ Hkjrh; leqnk; d`Y;k. fuf|(ICWF)

·[‚ Hkjr-nf”. d`ksfj;k O;kikjle>kSrk

·x‚ Hkjr [kÈMh lg;ksx

·?‚ m®j d`ksfj;k d`k ijek.qijh”.

·î‚ ^|kueU(h vknæZ xk∑o ;kstuk

m®j%·d`‚ Hkjrh; leqnk; d`Y;k.

^'u 9. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍla”si eÍ f¥f[, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`k m®j¥xHx 20 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%

·d`‚ th-20·[‚ æa?kbZ lg;ksx laxBu·x‚ vks\,\,l\·?‚ th-15·î‚ vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥;m®j%·d`‚ th-


^'u 10. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh,d` d`k m®j nhft, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`km®j vf|d`re 250 æCnkÍ eÍ gksukpkfg,‚%

·d`‚ oSf'od` xehZ (Global Warm-ing) eÍ d`kcZu mRltZu d`h D;k Hwfed`kgS = i;kZoj. ij blds` ^frdw`¥ ^HkokÍd`h foospuk d`hft,\

·[‚ Hkjr d`h ^”sikL( ^.k¥h ds`fod`kl ∂`e rƒk orZeku fLƒfr d`hfoospuk d`hft,\

m®j%·d`‚


^'u 11. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓrhu d`ks le>kb, ·^R;sd` d`ks ¥xHx150 æCnkÍ eÍ‚%

·d`‚ 3-th

·[‚ uksoks-th

·x‚ thu eS¯ix (Gene-Mapping)

·?‚ LVse ls¥ ƒsjsih ·mipkj‚

m®j%·d`‚

^'u 12. fuEuf¥f[r ds` ckjs eÍf¥f[, ·m®j ¥xHx 20 æCnkÍ eÍ gksukpkfg,‚%

·d`‚ gchc ruohj

·[‚ jsfiM-vkdZ` (Rapid Arc)·x‚ vksfjfœ`æ-ltZjh·?‚ C¥Sd` gks¥ (Black Hole)·î‚ ¯cx (Bing)m®j%·d`‚ gchc ruohj


^'u 13. ·d`‚ fuEuf¥f[r vk∑d`ÈMkÍd`ks fd`lh mi;qDr fp( }kjk fuÔfird`hft, rƒk O;; ^Î`fr ij fVIi.hd`hft,%

O;; ·:ì,‚O;; d`h enÍ ifjokj ‘v’ ifjokj ‘c’

1. Hkstu 200 3002. oL( 48 753. fæ”k 32 404. ed`ku fd`jk;k 40 755. fofo| 80 110

400 600

·[‚ fd`lh d`”k ds` 50 Nk(kÍ }kjk^kIrkad` fuEuf¥f[r ^d`kj gß%

^kIrkad` Nk(kÍ d`h la“;k10 ls dè 420 ls dè 1030 ls dè 3040 ls dè 4050 ls dè 4760 ls dè 50

,d` mi;qDr js[kfp( cukb, rƒkchp ds` 80 ^frær Nk(kÍ }kjk vftZr^kIrkad`kÍ d`h jÍt crkb,\

m®j%·d`‚

^'u 14. ·d`‚ fd`lh oLrq ‘v’ d`hmRiknu ¥kxr oLrq ‘c’ d`h mRiknu¥kxr ls 10% dè gS\ nksukÍ gh oLrq,a20% ¥kH ij csph tkrh gß\ ;fn oLrq‘c’ d`h 10 Vu ek(k 6000 :ì, eÍ csphtkrh gS rks mruk gh ¥kH vftZr d`jusds` f¥, ‘c’ oLrq d`h fd`ruh ek(k csphtkuh pkfg,`=

·[‚ fuEuf¥f[r lkaf“;d`h d`ks^nfæZr d`jus ds` f¥, vki d`kSu ls fp(d`k ^;ksx d`juk pkgÍxs =

(i) fd`lh ekg eÍ eqEcbZ LVkWd`,DlpsUt eÍ gq, d`kjksckj d`k nSfudìfjek.\

(ii) Hkjr ljd`kj ds` fu;kZr ds`fofHUu êq[ oxksÛ ds` fu;kZr ewY; d`ho"Z 1991-92 ,oa 2001-02 d`h rq¥uk\

(iii) 2001 d`h tux.uk eÍ tula“;kd`k vk;q] ¯¥x ,oa flfo¥ nækvkÍ d`kforj.\

(iv) fd`lh o"Z foæs" eÍ tula“;k eÍLokfeRo ds` vk|kj ij tksrkÍ d`k forj.\

m®j%·d`‚


^'u 15. ·d`‚ fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ eÍ(qfV ;k vLiÆVrk d`ks bafxr d`hft,%

(i) fd`lh d`kj[kus eÍ twrs d`h vkSlr¥kxr o"Z 1991 eÍ :\ 110 ls cÈ<d`j o"Z2001 eÍ 115 gks xbZ\ bld`k vƒZ gS fd`d`kj[kus d`h ”erk eÍ fxjkoV vkbZ gS\

(ii) ,d` O;fDr vkxjk ls fnY¥h d`hnwjh tkrs le; 60 fdèh\ ^fr ?≥Vk lsrƒk vkrs le; 70 fdèh\ ^fr ?≥Vk lsr; d`jrk gS\ mld`h vkSlr xfr 65fdèh ^fr ?≥Vk gqbZ\

·[‚ fd`lh dÈiuh ds` okf"Zd`d`kjksckj ds` vk∑d`ÈMs fuEuf¥f[r ^d`kj gß%

o"Z 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

d`kjksckj(¥k[ :`\) 342 380 385 420 480

Upkar’s Other Useful BooksSSC

(According to the New Syllabus)

Eng. Edition Code No. 332 Rs. 255/-

Hindi Edition Code No. 1159 Rs. 235/-

SSC Tax Assistant Exam. Solved Papers 60/-New Pattern Test of Objective English (NPTOE) 130/-Learn to Write Correct English (Eng.-Hindi) 199/-Correct English How to Write It (Eng.-Eng.) 195/-Objective General Knowledge 26/-General Knowledge Digest 75/-General Knowledge Overview with Current Affairs 40/-Quicker Objective Arithmetic 190/-,l\,l\lh\ d`j lgk;d` ijh{kk lkWYoMΩ isilZ 58/-oLrqfuÆB lkekU; Kku] d`kSu D;k gS = 40/-xf.rh; lw(d`ksæ 76/-vkWCtsfDVo bUlVÍV vfjFkesfVd` 180/-fDod`j oLrqfuÆB vad`xf.r 205/-

UPKAR’S NewEditions

Including Previous Years’ Solved Papers

Tax Assistant (Income Tax& Central Excise) Exam.

☎ Agra 4053333, Delhi 23251866, Patna 2226540, Indore 4053333, Charkhi Dadri (01250) 220120UPKAR PRAKASHAN

By : Dr. Lal & Jain

d`kjksckj eÍ vkSlr okf"Zd` o~f* njd`h x.uk d`hft, rƒk 2006 ds` f¥,d`kjksckj d`k vuqeku ¥xkb,\

m®j%·d`‚

●●●


lkekU; Kku ,oa lkef;d` eke¥s·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚

;wukbVsM bf≥M;k bU';ksjÍl ^æklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] 24-5-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

1. fl;ke d`ks vc D;k d`gk tkrk gS`=(A) ¥kvksl (B) ƒkb¥S≥M(C) fo;rukeΩ (D) dÈcksfM;k

2. uxjkÍ d`k lgh lewg ftuls gksd`jjkÆV_h; jktekxZ ua\ 8 xqtjrk gS] gS%(A) chd`kusj] vtesj] d`ksVk(B) tks|iqj] t;iqj] chd`kusj(C) t;iqj] mn;iqj] vgenkckn(D) t;iqj] iq.s] mn;iqj

3. viuh U;kf;d` iqufoZ¥ksdù d`h æfDr}kjk loksZPp U;k;k¥; lqfuf'pr d`jrkgS%(A) U;kf;d` êq[rk(B) nsæ eÍ ,d` ^tkrkfU(d` ljd`kj(C) nsæ eÍ ,d` laoS|kfud` ljd`kj(D) fd` laln ds` vkf|iR; ijfu;U(. fd`;k x;k gS

4. ewY;kadù d`h fd`l bd`kbZ d`ks ∏isijxksYMπ d`gk tkrk gS`=(A) isV_ksMkW¥j (B) ,l\Mh\vkj\(C) ;wjksMkW¥j (D) th\Mh\vkj\

5. Hkjrh; jkÆV_xku ds` iw.Z Hk"kUrj ds`xk;u d`h vof| fd`ruh gS`=(A) 47 lsd`≥M (B) 50 lsd`≥M(C) 52 lsd`≥M (D) 60 lsd`≥M

6. cjkd` vksckek us ;w\,l\,\ ds` 44oÍjkÆV_ifr in d`h æiƒ d`c xzg. d`h`=(A) tuojh 15, 2009

(B) tuojh 20, 2009

(C) tuojh 25, 2009

(D) tuojh 30, 2009

7. p¥fp( ‘L¥eMkWx fef¥;us;j’ mi-U;kl ‘D;w ,≥M ,’ ij vk|kfjr gS]ftlds` ¥s[d` gß ,d` Hkjrh;%(A) [qæoUr ¯lg(B) [kf¥n eksgEen(C) lcjthr ¯lg(D) fod`kl LoÔi

8. ‘jkÆV_h; vUos". ,tsUlh’ d`k ^ƒeegkfunsæd` fd`ld`ks fu;qDr fd`;k x;kgS`=(A) ih\ ,l\ æekZ(B) ,\ xksik¥Lokeh

(C) jk|k fouksn jktw(D) ds`\ lh\ oekZ

9. Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds fd`l vuqPNsn dsvUrxZr Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr laln ds`nksukÍ lnukÍ }kjk ikfjr fo|s;d` ijviuh LohÎ`fr jksd` ld`rs gß`=(A) vuqPNsn] 100

(B) vuqPNsn] 111

(C) vuqPNsn] 200

(D) vuqPNsn] 222

10. f(iqjk ds` O;fDr;kÍ }kjk d`kSulh Hk"kcks¥h tkrh gS`=(A) caxk¥h (B) rs¥qxq(C) vleh (D) e¥;k¥e

11. lw;Z æs[j xkaxq¥h f[¥kÈMh gß%(A) ærjat ds` (B) f∂`ds`V ds`(C) xksYœ` ds` (D) gkWd`h ds`

12. ge lekpkj-i(kÍ eÍ Lisæ¥ bd`ksuksfed`tksUl ·lsÈtΩ‚ ds` fo"; eÍ ¥xkrkj iÈ<rsgß\ ;s lst fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lmˆs'; d`ks ¥sd`j Lƒkfir fd`, x, ƒs`=1. Lonsæh cktkjkÍ d`ks cgqjkÆV_h;

dÈifu;kÍ ls lh|h ^frLi*kZ lslaj”. ds` f¥,\

2. Î`f" ,oa lEc* d`k;Zd`¥kikÍ d`ksvf|d` iw∑th nku d`jus ds` f¥,\

3. fonsæh fuosæ d`ks ^R;” Ôi lsvkd`f"Zr d`jus ds` f¥,\

(A) dsò¥ 4(B) dsò¥ 2(C) dsò¥ 3(D) 1, 2 ,oa 3 lHh

13. ‘;wjks dì’ fd`lls lEcfU|r gS`=(A) f∂`ds`V (B) œq`Vck¥(C) iks¥ks (D) eqDds`ckth

14. fo'o i;kZoj. fnol gksrk gS%(A) 15 twu d`ks (B) 11 twu d`ks(C) 17 twu d`ks (D) 30 twu d`ks

15. Hkjr ds` fd`l pVΩVku vkJ; eÍ lclsvf|d` la“;k eÍ fp(d`kfj;k∑ gß`=(A) vknexÈ< (B) HhecsVd`k(C) xgxgfj;k (D) ¥sf[d`k

16. i~Foh }kjk lw;Z ls ^kIr ˜Æek d`ksd`gk tkrk gS%(A) vkiru(B) lkSj rki(C) lkSj fofd`j.(D) ˜Æeh; fofd`j.

17. d`ksjksuksxzkœ` ftlds` }kjk iw.Z lw;Zxzg. d`h ^rh”k fd`, fcuk lw;Z d`kv÷;;u fd`;k tk ld`rk gS] fd`lusvkfoÆd`kj fd`;k`=(A) MksukYM esUts¥(B) fi;js tsulhu(C) tksu ,ojæsM(D) cukZMZ f¥;ksV

18. vU; ckrkÍ ds` lkƒ-lkƒ cz©k≥M d`hmRif® ,oa mlds` orZeku Lrj ijfoLr~r Lrj ij foLr~r o.Zu d`jrsgq, ‘fn LV_Dpj vkWœ` ;wfuolZ’ iqLrd`fd`lus f¥[h`=(A) jkWcVZ tlV_ks(B) ,l\ pUnzæs[j(C) t;Ur ukjf¥d`j(D) d`k¥Z lkxu

19. Jh¥ad`k ds` ml uxj d`k D;k uke gS]tksfd` rfe¥ VkbxlZ d`k ^æklfud`,oa jktuhfrd` eq“;k¥; jg pqd`k gSrƒk ftld`ks gk¥ gh eÍ lsuk us d`CtseÍ ¥s f¥;k`=(A) dSÙMh (B) tkÈœùk(C) fd`f¥ukspfp (D) eqY¥kbZfƒoq

20. fd`l lfefr us |kjk-88 ds` vUrxZrd`j NwVkÍ d`ks lekIr d`jus ds` f¥,ijkeæZ fn;k ƒk`=(A) ds`¥d`j lfefr(B) jaxjktu lfefr(C) psfY¥vkg lfefr(D) ækse lfefr

m®j O;k“;k lfgr

●●●


lkekU; v÷;;u·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚

fgekp¥ ^nsæ ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·^k\‚ ijh{kk] 2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

61. fgekp¥ ^nsæ eÍ ‘lw(’ ·lksæ¥vif¥ŒVesUV ƒzw Ôj¥ ,Dæu‚ d`hLƒkiuk d`c gqbZ ƒh=(A) 1975 (B) 1977(C) 1978 (D) 1979

62. ”s(œ`¥ d`h n~fÆV ls fgekp¥ ^nsæd`k lcls NksVk ft¥k d`kSulk gS=(A) ˜uk (B) fc¥kliqj(C) gehjiqj (D) lks¥u

63. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk )`f"fgekp¥ ^nsæ ls lEc* ugÓ jgk gS=(A) O;kl (B) ckYehfd`(C) ekdZ`≥Ms; (D) ¥kseæ

64. ou fjd`kMZΩl ds` vuqlkj fgekp¥^nsæ d`k dq`¥ ou ”s( gS%(A) 37033 oxZ fdèh(B) 41027 oxZ fdèh(C) 39098 oxZ fdèh(D) 40739 oxZ fdèh

65. leqnz-r¥ ls eqfDd`¥k X¥sfæ;j d`h˜∑pkbZ fd`ruh gS=(A) 6478 ehVj (B) 6570 ehVj(C) 6335 ehVj (D) 6642 ehVj

66. dq`fugkj ?kVh d`gk∑ ls æqÔ gksrh gS=(A) xqVsd`j (Gutekar)

(B) Vqd`fÈM;k xk∑o(C) dwùh [MΩM(D) ck∑M¥k

67. leqnz-r¥ ls pEck ”s( d`h ¥kek>h¥ d`h ˜∑pkbZ ·œ`hV eÍ‚ fd`ruh gS=(A) 2700 (B) 3812

(C) 3768 (D) 3902

68. pk; d`k mRiknu eq“;r;k bu ft¥kÍeÍ gksrk gS%(A) d`kaxÈMk vkSj e≥Mh(B) fc¥kliqj vkSj pEck(C) d`kaxÈMk vkSj dq`Y¥w(D) e≥Mh vkSj ˜uk

69. fgekp¥ ^nsæ eÍ lokZf|d` vuqlwfpr-tutkfr tula“;k ok¥k ft¥k d`kSulkgS`=(A) dq`Y¥w (B) lks¥u(C) e≥Mh (D) fljekSj

10. fgekp¥ ^nsæ d`¥k vkSj laLÎ`frvd`kneh d`h Lƒkiuk fd`l o"Z gqbZƒh=(A) 1966 (B) 1988(C) 1989 (D) 1990

11. fgekp¥ ^nsæ ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx d`k^ƒe v÷;” d`kSu ƒk=(A) Vh\ oh\ vkj\ r®kpkjh(B) fnfXot; pUnz(C) ¥s\ tu\ ds`\ ,l\ d`Vksp(D) ch\ lh\ ik≥Ms;

12. Hksjat bl ft¥s d`h rglh¥ gS%(A) gehjiqj (B) e≥Mh(C) ˜uk (D) d`kaxÈMk

13. cqægj fj;klr d`k vfUre ækld`jktk d`kSu ƒk=(A) lalkj pan(B) nsosUnz flag(C) bZ'oj lsu(D) inΩe flag

14. œq`¥kp; es¥k bl ft¥s eÍ ¥xrk gS%(A) fdÙukSj (B) e≥Mh(C) d`kaxÈMk (D) pEck

15. ikoZrh bl unh d`h lgk;d` unh gS%(A) lr¥t (B) ;equk(C) O;kl (D) jkoh

16. fljekSj jkT; d`k laLƒkid` d`kSu ƒk=(A) jktk jlk¥w(B) jktk Mkd` ^d`kæ(C) jktk lalkj pUn(D) jktk bZ'oj lsu

17. fgekp¥ ^nsæ eÍ fgUnw |eZ d`ks ekuusok¥s gß%(A) 90·3% (B) 93·2%

(C) 95·4% (D) 1·2%

18. rSewj us uxjd`ksV ·d`kaxÈMk‚ ij vk∂`-e. d`c fd`;k ƒk`=(A) 1397 (B) 1399

(C) 1401 (D) 1402

19. f[Cckj xk∑o bl ?kVh eÍ fLƒr gS%(A) pEck (B) d`ktk(C) lkax¥k (D) ckYg

20. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ,d` fgekp¥ d`htutkfr ugÓ gS%(A) ¥kgkS¥k (B) xˆh(C) HkÍV (D) vlqj

21. jkÆV_h; Î`f" chek ;kstuk d`k lw(ikrfgekp¥ ^nsæ eÍ d`c gqvk ƒk=(A) 1998-1999 (B) 1997-1998

(C) 1999-2000 (D) 2000-2001

22. ftl le; tgk∑xhj d`k∑xÈMk vk;k ƒkml le; ogk∑ d`k jktk d`kSu ƒk=(A) ck¥Hnz (B) ohjHnz(C) ck¥pUnz (D) jkepUnz

23. ;wjksih; ;k(h ewj∂`kŒV us fgekp¥^nsæ d`k Hze. d`c fd`;k ƒk=(A) 1880–1882

(B) 1855–1856

(C) 1820–1822

(D) 1825–1827

24. 25 twu] 1945 d`ks ok;ljk; ds`fuokl-Lƒku ok;ljhx¥ ¥kWt eÍlEiUu gq, 21 ^frfuf|;kÍ ds` lEes¥ueÍ eqfL¥e ¥hx d`k êq[ ^frfuf|fd`ld`ks cuk;k x;k ƒk=(A) æs[ lS;n vgen(B) bd`ck¥ vgen(C) eksgEen v¥h ftUuk(D) ekS¥kuk vcq¥ d`¥ke vktkn

25. fgekp¥ ds` fuekZrk ds` Ôi eÍ fuEu-f¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu tkuk tkrk gS`=(A) MkW\ okbZ\ ds`\ ¯lg(B) MkW\ okbZ\ ,l\ ijekj(C) MkW\ okbZ\ ,u\ æekZ(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

26. ‘vukfed`k’ D;k gS=(A) ,d` Vh\oh\ d`¥kd`kj tks fgekp¥^nsæ ls lEc* gS(B) Hkjr eÍ vHh gk¥ eÍ fod`flr,d` æfDræk¥h d`kckZbu(C) Hkjr d`h ,d` ^fl* œS`æufMtkbuj(D) lkfgR; vd`kneh iqjLd`kj lslEekfur ,d` laLÎ`r dòf;(h

27. o"Z 2008 d`k ukscs¥ ækafr iqjLd`kjfd`ld`ks ^nku fd`;k x;k gS=(A) ¥h D¥sf .t;ks(B) ekVhZ vgfrlkjh(C) jkstsu okbZtsu(D) ƒksbfpjkÍ ukEcw


28. ikfd`Lrku f∂`ds`V cksMZ d`k u;kv÷;” d`kSu gS=(A) vkflœ` v¥h tjnkjh(B) ,tkt cV(C) ljœ`jkt uokt(D) tkosn fe;kankn

29. lkbeu fc;qœ`ks; us L¥eMkWx fef¥;-us;j ds` f¥, fd`l oxZ d`k vkWLd`jiqjLd`kj thrk gS=(A) ÔikUrfjr iVd`ƒk(B) ekSf¥d` xhr(C) ÷ofu-feJ.(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

30. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus fo'oHkjrhfo'ofo»k¥; ækafr-fuds`ru eÍ iÈ<kbZugÓ d`h=(A) iwoZ ^|kuea(h bfUnjk xka|h(B) ia\ caxk¥ ds` iwoZ eq“;ea(h MkW\ch\ lh\ jkW;(C) veR;Z lsu(D) lR;thr js

31. Hkjr ljd`kj us ,d` f}-i”h;le>kSrs ds` rgrΩ d`Ppkfnoq }hiJh¥ad`k d`ks d`c lkßik ƒk`=(A) 1972 (B) 1973

(C) 1974 (D) 1975

32. ^kphud`k¥ eÍ fgekp¥ d`h tutkfr;kÍd`ks d`gk tkrk ƒk%(A) vk;Z (B) d`ksrh(C) nkl (D) dq`¯¥n

33. lkrok∑ ôklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥ubl o"Z psUubZ eÍ d`c lEiUu gqvk=(A) 10–12 tuojh] 2009

(B) 7–9 tuojh] 2009

(C) 8–10 tuojh] 2009(D) 9–11 tuojh] 2009

34. vksckek ljd`kj eÍ ;w\,l\,\ d`kfo®ea(h d`kSu gS=(A) ækWu Mksuksou(B) vkusZ Madù(C) fVeksƒh xhƒuj(D) VkWe fo¥lSd`

35. jkW d`k u;k êq[ d`kSu gS=(A) væksd` prqosZnh(B) jk|k fouksn jktw(C) ,l\ ,l\ ,u\ ewfrZ(D) ds`\ lh\ oekZ

36. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`ks inΩeHw".v¥ad`j. (2009) ugÓ ^nku fd`;kx;k gS=

(A) MkW\ oS»ukƒu(B) th\ ek|ou uk;j(C) æeækn csxe(D) jkepUnz xqgk

37. ds`\ ds`\ fcÈM¥k œ`km≥Msæu d`k lkfgR;ds` f¥, O;kl lEeku (2008) fd`ld`ks^nku fd`;k x;k gS`=(A) dqòj ukjk;.(B) eUuw H≥Mkjh(C) uUn Hkj}kt(D) nsosUnzjkt vadq`j

38. d`¯¥x dì d`k lEcU| blls gS%(A) œq`Vck¥ (B) Vsful(C) cSMfeaVu (D) psl

39. Hkjr ds` f¥, lokZf|d` fods`V ¥susok¥s vfu¥ dqÈc¥s us VsLV eSpkÍ eÍdq`¥ 619 fods`V f¥, gß\ fd`rus VsLVeSpkÍ eÍ mUgkÍus ;s fods`V f¥;s gß=(A) 130 (B) 132

(C) 133 (D) 135

40. vkbZ\ lh\ lh\ efg¥k dì d`h fo'ob¥sfou efg¥k f∂`ds`V Vhe d`kdÌrku fd`ld`ks cuk;k x;k gS=(A) psj¥ksV ,MoMZΩl(B) dS`ƒsjhu czaV(C) ferk¥h jkt(D) ds`V iq¥œ`ksMZ

41. fd`l Hkjrh; efg¥k d`ks vHh gk¥ gheÍ ÌwLVu fo'ofo»k¥;] ;w\ ,l\ ,\d`k dq`¥ifr fu;qDr fd`;k x;k gS=(A) vfnfr ¥kfgjh(B) fJfr oMsjk(C) MkW\ js.q [Vksj(D) ghu¥ jk;pqjk

42. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh [jhœ`œ`l¥ gS=(A) pko¥ (B) xsgw∑(C) puk (D) eVj

43. vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk-d`ks" d`k eq“;k¥;;gk∑ fLƒr gS%(A) ftusok(B) okfæaxVu Mh\ lh\(C) ¥Unu(D) isfjl

44. xka|hth us loZ^ƒe ‘lR;kxzg’ æCnfd`l o"Z xÈ<k ƒk=(A) 1905 (B) 1906

(C) 1907 (D) 1908

45. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` egkRekxka|h }kjk ·iw.Z Lojkt ds` f¥,‚^Lrkfor jpukRed` d`k;Z∂è eÍ ækfe¥ugÓ gS=(A) d`kSeh ,d`rk(B) vLi~';rk-fuokj.(C) jkÆV_Hk"k(D) fonsæh Hk"kvkÍ ds` f¥, lEeku

46. ‘esVkthuksfeDl’ foKku d`h ,d`vR;k|qfud` æk[k gS\ bleÍ ^k;#bld`k v÷;;u fd`;k tkrk gS%(A) ekb∂`ksCl ds` thukse d`k(B) ekuoh; thukse d`k(C) iæqvkÍ ds` thukse d`k(D) bueÍ ls fd`lh d`k ugÓ

47. ‘ÿkbV MΩokœZ`’ d`k lEcU| blls gS%(A) [xks¥ækL((B) Î`f"(C) tsusfVDl(D) bueÍ ls fd`lh ls ugÓ

48. HkHk ijek.q vuqla|ku dsÙnz d`hLƒkiuk d`c d`h xbZ ƒh=(A) 1949 (B) 1950

(C) 1965 (D) 1955

49. eqfL¥e ¥hx d`h Lƒkiuk d`gk∑ d`h xbZƒh=(A) ¥kgkSj(B) d`¥d`®k ·d`ks¥d`krk‚(C) isækoj(D) <kd`k

50. ‘bafM;k bafMiÍMÍl ¥hx’ d`h Lƒkiukfd`lus d`h ƒh=(A) jkl fcgkjh cksl(B) lqHk"pUnz cksl(C) lqjsUnzukƒ cuthZ(D) fcfiu pUnz ik¥

51. Hkjr d`h lcls cÈMh >h¥ ‘fpYd`k’bl ^nsæ eÍ gS%(A) vkU|z ^nsæ (B) mÈMhlk(C) dùkZVd` (D) rfe¥ukMq

52. Hkjr eÍ cgqjkÆV_h; dÈifu;kÍ d`ks^ksRlkgu nsuk] cÈ<kok nsuk gS%(A) futhd`j. uhfr d`ks(B) oS'ohd`j. uhfr d`ks(C) mnkjhd`j. uhfr d`ks(D) bl lHh uhfr;kÍ d`ks

53. ‘æq*k}Srokn’ d`k lw(|kj d`kSu ƒk=(A) jkekuqtkpk;Z(B) e÷okpk;Z


(C) oY¥Hkpk;Z(D) jkekuan

54. v÷;”kRed` æklu d`k mn; loZ^ƒe;gk∑ gqvk ƒk%(A) ;wxksL¥kfo;k (B) felz ·bftIV‚(C) ;w\ ,l\ ,\ (D) fLoVΩtj¥ßsM

55. fd`l o"Z ls fonsæh fofue; ^cU|uvf|fu;e ¥kxw gqvk=(A) 2003 (B) 2002(C) 2000 (D) 1999

56. orZeku ·ekpZ 2009‚ eÍ ≠`kal d`k^|kuea(h d`kSu gS=(A) fud`ks¥l ljd`ksth(B) œÍ`dòkbl fœ`¥ku(C) thu ik¥ ^kmLV(D) ¥qbZl tiksVjks

57. D¥ksjksfœ`¥ ^d`kæ ds` fdù vo;okÍd`ks voæksf"r d`j ¥srh gS=(A) cßxuh rƒk ¥k¥(B) bfUMxks rƒk vkWjsUt(C) uh¥k rƒk ¥k¥(D) cßxuh rƒk ih¥k

58. ,d` ok;q;ku ˜ij d`h vksj mBrk gS%(A) gok d`h ^frf∂`;k ˜ij d`h vksjgksus ds` d`kj.(B) gok d`k ?uRo ok;q;ku ds` uhpsls ˜ij d`h vksj dè gksus ds` d`kj.(C) blds` ia[kÍ ij ˜ij ncko uhpsds` ncko d`h rq¥uk eÍ dè gksus ds`d`kj.(D) ok;q;ku d`h ukfld`k ˜ij d`hvksj mBh gksus ds` d`kj.

59. X–fd`j.Í okLro eÍ gß%(A) ean xfreku b¥sDV_kWu(B) rhoz xfreku b¥sDV_kWu(C) fo»qrΩ-pqEcd`h; rjaxÍ(D) ean-xfreku U;wV_kWu

60. Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl us luΩ 1889eÍ ,d` fczfVæ lfefr d`k xBu fd`;kƒk\ bl lfefr us ,d` if(d`k d`k^d`kæu æqÔ fd`;k ƒk= bl if(d`kd`k D;k uke ƒk=(A) gekjh vkokt(B) tkxj.(C) bf≥M;k(D) |zqorkjk

61. Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl ds` ckjs eÍfuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,%1. ljksftuh uk;Mw d`kaxzsl d`h ^ƒe

efg¥k v÷;” ƒÓ

2. lh\ vkj\ nkl us tc d`kaxzsl ds`v÷;” ds` Ôi eÍ d`k;Z fd`;krc os ts¥ eÍ ƒs

3. ,\vks\Ìwe d`kaxz sl ds` v÷;”cuus ok¥s ^ƒe fczfVæ ƒs

4. vY≠s`M osc 1894 eÍ d`kaxzsl ds`v÷;” ƒs\

bueÍ ls d`kSu-d`kSu ls d`ƒu lgh gß=(A) 1 vkSj 3 (B) 2 vkSj 4(C) 2, 3 vkSj 4 (D) 1, 2, 3 vkSj 4

62. fd`l Hkjrh; okf.fT;d` cßd` usxfræh¥ ATM lsok loZ^ƒe ^nkud`h=(A) ICICI cßd`(B) IDBI cßd`(C) HDFC cßd`(D) Hkjrh; LVsV cßd`

63. Hkjr eÍ ¥?q m»ksxkÍ ds` f¥, fo® d`kêq[ Aksr gS%(A) cßd` fo®(B) vaæ iw∑th vkSj )`.-i((C) lkoZtfud` tek(D) ”s(h; xzkeh. cßd`

64. Lihd`j ds` in ds` ckjs eÍ fuEuf¥f[reÍ ls d`kSulk d`ƒu lgh gS=(A) og jkÆV_ifr ds` ^lkni;Ûr in|kj. d`jrk gS(B) ;g vko';d` ugÓ fd` viusfuokZpu ds` le; og lnu d`klnL; gks(C) ;fn lkekU; vof| ls iwoZ lnud`ks Hax d`j fn;k tkrk gS] rks mlsviuk in NksÈMuk gksxk(D) ;fn og R;kxi( nsuk pkgs rksmls viuk R;kxi( mik÷;” d`kslEcksf|r d`juk gksxk

65. Hkjrh; la?okn d`ks lgd`kjh la?oknfd`lus d`gk gS=(A) ds`\ lh\ ÿh;j(B) lj vkboj tsfuaXl(C) th\ vkWfLVu(D) Mh\ Mh\ clq

66. fgekp¥ ^nsæ d`k xBu gqvk ƒk%(A) 15 v^S¥] 1948 d`ks(B) 15 v^S¥] 1951 d`ks(C) 15 v^S¥] 1957 d`ks(D) 5 v^S¥] 1958 d`ks

67. ‘jkT; ds` uhfr-funsæd` fl*kUrkÍ’ ds`ckjs eÍ d`kSulk d`ƒu lgh ugÓ gS=(A) os ld`kjkRed` gß

(B) mUgÍ U;k;k¥;kÍ }kjk ¥kxw fd`;ktk ld`rk gS(C) os Hkjr d`ks ,d` d`Y;k.d`kjhjkT; cukrs gß(D) mUgÍ ¥kxw d`juk jkT; d`kd`®ZO; gS

68. ijeohj p∂` fotsrk d`ks ^frekglEeku H®k fe¥rk gS%(A) 10,000 :\ (B) 5,000 :\(C) 3,000 :\ (D) 2,500 :\

69. chftax vks¥fEid` eÍ fd`l nsæ usig¥h ckj iq:" rhjankth eÍ Lo.Zind` ^kIr fd`;k=(A) ;w∂sù(B) nf”. v≠`hd`k(C) nf”. d`ksfj;k(D) baMksusfæ;k

70. 1915 eÍ ‘Indian National Evolu-tion’ iqLrd` fd`lus f¥[h ƒh=(A) vfEcd`kpj. etwenkj(B) ,l\ xksik¥(C) vfu¥ lh¥(D) vkj\ ih\ iVo*Zu

71. eqds`æ vEckuh d`h dÈiuh ‘fj¥k;UlisV_ksf¥;e f¥feVsM’ d`gk∑ fLƒr gS=(A) lwjr (B) tkeuxj(C) vgenkckn (D) iksjcanj

72. ‘An Accustomed Earth’ iqLrd`fd`ld`h jpuk gS`=(A) >qEik ¥kfgÈMh (B) fd`ju csnh(C) es|k ikVsd`j (D) v:a|rh jk;

73. fojlk eq≥Mk vkfnoklh fonzksg‘mUew¥u’ jk∑ph ds` nf”.h ”s( eÍ blle; gqvk ƒk%(A) 1888-1889 (B) 1890-1891

(C) 1897-1898 (D) 1899-1900

74. fgekp¥ ^nsæ d`ks 18oÍ iw.Z jkT; d`kntkZ ^kIr gqvk ƒk%(A) 25 tuojh] 1968 d`ks(B) 25 tuojh] 1969 d`ks(C) 25 tuojh] 1970 d`ks(D) 25 tuojh] 1971 d`ks

75. teæsniqj eÍ VkVk vkbju oDlZ d`hLƒkiuk bl o"Z gqbZ ƒh%(A) 1905 (B) 1907

(C) 1906 (D) 1908

76. bafM;u d`kmafl¥ ,DV 1861 bZ\ ds`rgrΩ xouZj tuj¥ d`kmafl¥ eÍ


lnL;kÍ d`h la“;k N# ls cÈ<kd`j d`jnh xbZ ƒh%(A) ukS (B) nl(C) ckjg (D) iUnzg

77. tuj¥ Mk;j ds` gqDe ls fd`;s x;stf¥;k∑ok¥k ckx xks¥hd`k≥M eÍ fd`rus¥ksx ekjs x;s ƒs`=(A) 269 (B) 384

(C) 307 (D) 379

78. ¥Unu eÍ rhu xks¥ est d`kU≠Í`l gqbÛ%(A) 1929, 1930, 1931 eÍ(B) 1930, 1931, 1931 eÍ(C) 1930, 1931, 1932 eÍ(D) 1931, 1932, 1932 eÍ

79. ¥ÈMfd`;kÍ ds` fookg d`h U;wure vk;q1930 ds` ækjnk eSfjt ,DV ds` }kjkD;k fu|kZfjr d`h xbZ ƒh=(A) 14 o"Z (B) 15 o"Z(C) 16 o"Z (D) 18 o"Z

80. luΩ 1937 rd` Hkjr eÍ dq`¥ fd`rusfo'ofo»k¥; ƒs=(A) 15 (B) 18(C) 20 (D) 24

81. Hkjr-Lok|hurk ^Lrko gkml vkWœ`d`kWeUl eÍ fd`l frfƒ d`ks ¥k;k x;kƒk=(A) 4 tq¥kbZ] 1947

(B) 5 tq¥kbZ] 1947

(C) 7 tq¥kbZ] 1947

(D) 8 tq¥kbZ] 1947

82. egkRek xka|h ds` ckjs eÍ d`kSulk ,d`d`ƒu lR; ugÓ gS=(A) mud`h vkLƒk ekuo ≤n; d`hvPNkbZ eÍ ƒh(B) nkæZfud` vknæZokn eÍ mud`kfo'okl ugÓ ƒk(C) mUgkÍus fuEu oxZ d`h fujUrjlsok d`h(D) os fuEu oxZ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ ds`laj”d` ƒs

83. ¥kWl ,aftYl eÍ ckf¥d`k fææq d`kstUe nsus ok¥k ig¥k xHZoku iq:"d`kSu gS=(A) xSjh ,d`jeSu(B) ƒkWel chfVd`(C) tsu dS`fl;ks(D) tkWu okWjsu

84. fj¥k;al baMLV_ht d`ks vHh gk¥ eÍrs¥ d`k foæk¥ H≥Mkj d`gk∑ fe¥k gS=(A) usY¥wj ft¥s eÍ

(B) Î`Æ.k-xksnkojh ?kVh eÍ(C) ueZnk ?kVh eÍ(D) foæk[ki±ueΩ eÍ

85. ”s(œ`¥ d`h n~fÆV ls fo'o d`k lclscÈMk fgUnw eafnj d`kSulk gS=s(A) v”j|ke efUnj] fnY¥h(B) v”j|ke efUnj] vgenkckn(C) ck¥kth efUnj] fr:ifr(D) egk¥{eh efUnj] eqEcbZ

86. nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj fotsrk d`ksbl iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ ns; jkfæ gS%(A) 15 ¥k[ :\ (B) 12 ¥k[ :\(C) 10 ¥k[ :\ (D) 5 ¥k[ :\

87. chftax vks¥fEid` eÍ czkth¥ us fd`rusjtr ind` ^kIr fd`;s ƒs=(A) 2 (B) 3

(C) 4 (D) 7

88. chftax vks¥fEid` eÍ fd`rus u;sfjd`kWMZ cuk;s x,=(A) 35 (B) 43

(C) 48 (D) 54

89. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`ks jkthoxka|h [s¥jRu iqjLd`kj ugÓ fe¥k gS=(A) fo'oukƒu vkuUn(B) lkfu;k fetkZ(C) iad`t vkMok.h(D) lfpu rÍnq¥d`j

90. fHokuh ckWfDlax D¥c d`k ^|ku d`kspd`kSu gS ftld`ks jkÆV_ifr Jherh^frHk ikfV¥ us nzks.kpk;Z vokMZ^nku fd`;k gS=(A) txnhæ flag(B) tlthr flag(C) eksgu flag(D) vejthr flag

91. Hkjr d`h fd`l tksÈMh us baMksusfæ;k eÍlEiUu ,fæ;k isflfœ`d` d`kj jS¥hpSfEi;ufæi 2008 thrh gS=(A) xkSjo fx¥%txnso flag(B) iou lpnsok%lPpk flag(C) eukst vxzok¥%d`kerkukƒ(D) lq[nsojkt%mn;ohj

92. fo|kulHk pqukokÍ eÍ b¥sDV_kWfudòksfVax eæhu ds` ^;ksx d`h æqÔvkrd`c ls gqbZ=(A) 1998 (B) 2000(C) 2002 (D) 2004

93. o"Z 2006 eÍ fd`rus jkT;kÍ eÍ fo|kulHk pquko gq, ƒs=

(A) 4 (B) 5

(C) 6 (D) 7

94. Hkjr ds` jkÆV_xku d`ks iwjk xkus eÍfd`ruk le; ¥xrk gS=(A) ¥xHx 45 lsd`≥M(B) ¥xHx 52 lsd`≥M(C) ¥xHx 58 lsd`≥M(D) ¥xHx 64 lsd`≥M

95. Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` uhfr-funsæd`fl*kUrkÍ eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk,d` lfEef¥r ugÓ gS=(A) Jfed`kÍ d`ks fu#æqYd` fæ”k(B) xzke iapk;rkÍ d`k xBu(C) jkÆV_h; Lekjd`kÍ d`h lqj”k(D) vUrjkZÆV_h; d`kuwukÍ d`k lEeku

96. jkÆV_h; U;kf;d` vd`kneh Hou fd`lægj eÍ fLƒr gS`=(A) gSnjkckn (B) Hksik¥(C) vgenkckn (D) ubZ fnY¥h

97. E.T.A. fd`l nsæ d`k vkradòknhlaxBu gS=(A) lkb^l (B) Jh¥ad`k(C) Lisu (D) nf”. v≠`hd`k

98. iapk;rh jkt O;oLƒk eÍ æklu-^.k¥h d`h lajpuk D;k gS=(A) xzke Lrj ij Lƒkuh; Loæklud`h ,d`Lrjh; lajpuk(B) xzke rƒk [≥M Lrj ij Lƒkuh;Loæklu d`h f}Lrjh; lajpuk(C) xzke] [≥M vkSj ft¥k Lrj ijLƒkuh; Loæklu d`h f(Lrjh; lajpuk(D) xzke] [≥M] ft¥k vkSj jkT;Lrj ij Lƒkuh; Loæklu d`hprq#Lrjh; lajpuk

99. fgekp¥ eÍ jS¯xx ds` d`kj. ejus ok¥sNk( d`k uke ƒk%(A) dq`¥nhi ¯lg cjkj(B) veu dqèkj ¯lg(C) veu dqèkj <Óxjk(D) veu lR; d`pÔ

100. fgekp¥ ds` ^ƒe eq“;ea(h ƒs%(A) ækUrk dqèkj(B) ch\ jeS;k(C) MkW\ ;æoUr ¯lg ijekj(D) ohjHnz ¯lg

101. fgekp¥ d`k fLoVΩtj¥S≥M fuEu eÍls fd`ls d`grs gß`=(A) eaMh (B) fdÙukSj(C) f[TtkSj (D) fljekSj


102. lqHk"pUnz cksl egkRek xka|h lsig¥h ckj d`c fe¥s ƒs=(A) 1914 eÍ (B) 1918 eÍ(C) 1920 eÍ (D) 1921 eÍ

103. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lghlqesf¥r ugÓ gS=(A) Î`Æ.nso jk;%jkejkax. lw(|kj(B) egsUnz oeZu`%è® fo¥kl ^glu(C) Hkst nso % ekulksY¥kl(D) lkses'oj % vkeqDr ekY;nk

104. vaxzstkÍ us jS;rokÈMh cUnkscLr d`gk∑¥kxw fd`;k ƒk=(A) caxk¥ ^slhMÍlh eÍ(B) enzkl ^slhMÍlh eÍ(C) cEcbZ ^slhMÍlh eÍ(D) enzkl ^slhMÍlh vkSj eqEcbZ^slhMÍlh eÍ

105. fuEuf¥f[r ?VukvkÍ d`k lghvuq∂è D;k gS=1. fr¥d` d`k gkseÔ¥ ¥hx2. d`kekxkVkekÔ ^lax3. egkRek xka|h d`k Hkjr vkxeu(A) 1, 2, 3 (B) 3, 2, 1(C) 2, 1, 3 (D) 2, 3, 1

106. 1857 ds` cjs¥h fonzksg d`k usrk d`kSuƒk`=(A) [ku cgknqj(B) dq∑òj flag(C) ekS¥oh vgen ækg(D) fojftl d`kfnj

107. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu-d`kSulh ioZrpksfV;k∑ ikfd`Lrku ds` d`Cts ok¥s”s( eÍ gß=1. uwudwù 2. jkd`kiksæh3. fl;k d`k∑xÈMh 4. d`k∑xVw(A) 2 vkSj 4 (B) 1 vkSj 2(C) 3 vkSj 4 (D) 1, 2 vkSj 3

108. ‘v:.kp¥ ^nsæ [fut fod`klvkSj O;kikj fuxe f¥feVsM’ d`hLƒkiuk d`c d`h xbZ ƒh=(A) 1989 eÍ (B) 1991 eÍ(C) 1992 eÍ (D) 1994 eÍ

109. vkU|z ^nsæ ds` iwoZ eÍ caxk¥ d`h [kÈMhd`h rV js[k d`h ¥EckbZ fd`ruh gS=(A) 965 fdèh (B) 974 fdèh(C) 978 fdèh (D) 981 fdèh

110. vle eÍ dq`¥ [srh ;ksX; Hwfe(Gross Agricultural land) fd`ruhgS=

(A) 36·53 ¥k[ gsDVs;j(B) 38·76 ¥k[ gsDVs;j(C) 39·83 ¥k[ gsDVs;j(D) 40·16 ¥k[ gsDVs;j

111. jkÆV_h; ¥hph vuqla|ku dsÙnz d`gk∑fLƒr gS=(A) nsgjknwu (B) fæe¥k(C) eqtŒœ`jiqj (D) fl¥hxqÈMh

112. fuEuf¥f[r vkfne tkfr;kÍ rƒkmuds` fuokl-LƒkukÍ ds` fuEuf¥f[r;qXekÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` lqesf¥r ugÓgS=(A) cqDlk%ikSÈMh xÈ<ok¥(B) d`ks¥%tc¥iqj(C) eq≥Mk%NksVk ukxiqj(D) d`ksMkxw%d`ksjck

113. ‘usæu¥ bULVhVΩ;wV vkWœ` fœ`æjhtiksLV gkosZLV VsDuks¥kWth ,≥M V_sfuax’;gk∑ fLƒr gS%(A) d`ksphu (B) eqEcbZ(C) psUubZ (D) xksvk

114. jkÆV_h; jktekxZ 7-, ds ckjs eÍ fuEu-f¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` lgh gS=d`gk∑ ls ·Lƒku‚ d`gk∑ rd` ·Lƒku‚(A) vgenkckn ekaMoh(B) i¥k;u d`ksVS rwrhd`ksfju(C) iksjcanj ckeucksj(D) psUubZ cgkjkxksMk

115. dsÙnzh; t¥ vk;ksx (Central WaterCommission–CWC) ubZ fnY¥h(Hq.) ds` ”s(h; dsÙnz (Regionalcentres) fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fdù-fdù LƒkukÍ ij gß=1. Hqous'oj 2. ukxiqj3. vgenkckn 4. vtesj(A) 1, 2 ,oa 3 (B) 1 vkSj 3(C) 2, 3, 4 (D) 1 vkSj 2

116. ¥sVsjkbV (Laterite) fef±;kÍ d`kforj. fdù jkT; lewg eÍ vf|-d`kaær# gksrk gS=(A) rfe¥ukMq] gfj;k.k ,oa m\ ^\eÍ(B) ds`j¥] dùkZVd` ,oa jktLƒku eÍ(C) iatkc] fcgkj ,oa xqtjkr eÍ(D) dùkZVd`] ds`j¥ ,oa e\ ^\ d`higkfÈM;kÍ d`h pksVh ij

117. ¥”}hi ds` d`ksj¥ }hikÍ d`h la“;kfd`ruh gS=(A) 10 (B) 11(C) 12 (D) 14

118. vkj\ ,u\ ,\ d`k vkfoÆd`kj fd`lusfd`;k ƒk=(A) ;wjhu d`ks¥esV(B) vkbtSdèSu(C) vkƒZj cxZ ,oa tksUl(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

119. fgekp¥ eÍ lsc d`k tUenkrk fuEueÍ ls d`kSu gS`=(A) MkW\ vthr dq`¥d`.hZ(B) jkekuUn ¯lg(C) ^se dqèkj |we¥(D) lR;kuUn LVksDl

120. lokZbd`¥ dß`lj ls ihfÈMr fd`lfczfVæ vfHus(h d`k vHh gk¥ eÍfu|u gks x;k=(A) tSu VΩohM(B) tsM xqMh(C) ds`fjlk(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

m®j O;k“;k lfgr

●●●


lkekU; tkud`kjh

,l\,l\lh\ lh\ih\vks\ lc-baLisDVj ijh”k] 6-9-2009 d`k g¥ ^'u-i(

01. ‘bf≥M;k VqMs’ gS%(A) leL;kvkÍ d`k vfLƒj iqat(Staggering mass)

(B) iwoZ fczfVæ Hkjr ls ikfd`LrkuvkSj ckaX¥knsæ fud`k¥ d`j(C) ,d` lekpkj if(d`k tks orZekueke¥kÍ d`ks lefiZr gS(D) Hkjrh; la? tks la;qDr jkÆV_d`k lnL; gS

02. iqLrd` ‘bV okt œ`kbo ikLV feMukbV’d`k fo"; gS%(A) Hqt d`k HwdÈi (Earthquake)

(B) mÈMhlk d`h ckÈ< (Floods)

(C) vkU|z d`k p∂òkr (Cyclone)

(D) Hksik¥ xSl d`k≥M (Tragedy)

03. ‘rhu ch?k d`kWfjMksj’ tksÈMrk gS%(A) Hkjr vkSj ikfd`Lrku d`ks(B) Hkjr vkSj phu d`ks(C) ckaX¥knsæ vkSj ikfd`Lrku d`ks(D) ckaX¥knsæ vkSj Hkjr d`ks

04. fd`l ”s( eÍ mRÎ`ÆV d`k;Z d`ksiqf¥Rtj iqjLd`kj ds` f¥, ekU;rk nhtkrh gS =(A) foKku vkSj ^kS»ksfxd`h (Scienceand Technology)

(B) lkfgR; vkSj i(d`kfjrk(C) varjkZÆV_h; le>cw> (Interna-tional Understanding)

(D) i;kZoj. v÷;;u (Environ-mental studies)

05. fp®kSÈM eÍ fot; LrEH d`k fuekZ.fd`lus fd`;k ƒk`=(A) egkjk.k ^rki(B) jk.k laxzke ¯lg(C) jk.k dqÈHk(D) jk.k jru ¯lg

06. fct¥h ds` ia[s d`h xfr cn¥us ds`f¥, ^;qDr lk|u gS%(A) ,sEI¥hœ`k;j (B) jsxq¥sVj(C) fLop (D) jsfDVœ`k;j

07. uke|kik usæu¥ ikdZ` gS%(A) fetksje eÍ(B) ef.iqj eÍ

(C) f(iqjk eÍ(D) v:.kp¥ ^nsæ eÍ

08. xka|hth us fd`l |kfeZd` xzUƒ d`ksviuh ‘ekrk’ d`gk ƒk =(A) jkek;.(B) n U;w VsLVkeÍV(C) HxonΩxhrk(D) dq`jku æjhœ`

09. fVgjh t¥ fo»qr d`kWEI¥sDl fuEuf¥f[reÍ ls fd`l unh ij fLƒr gS`=(A) v¥dùank (B) eankfdùh(C) |kS¥h xaxk (D) Hkxhjƒh

10. ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj fotsrk Hkjrh;] veR;Zlsu] fd`l ”s( eÍ d`k;Z ds` f¥, ^fl*gß =(A) HkSfrd`h(B) i;kZoj. d`h j”k(C) jlk;u foKku(D) vƒZækL(

11. fo'o lqUnjh 2008 d`k f[rkc fd`lsfe¥k gS =(A) tkiku lqUnjh d`ks(B) osustq,¥k lqUnjh d`ks(C) fœ`¥hihu lqUnjh d`ks(D) e¥sfæ;k lqUnjh d`ks

12. Hkjr eÍ ƒksd` d`her ij vk|kfjreqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj 27 tq¥kbZ] 2008d`ks vius 13 o"ksÛ ds` mPpre Lrjij igq∑p xbZ\ og ƒh%(A) 11·75 ^frær(B) 11·85 ^frær(C) 12·00 ^frær(D) 12·05 ^frær

13. ≠Í`p vksiu 2009 iq:" ,d`¥ fd`lusthrk ƒk =(A) jkstj œs`Mjj(B) jkœS`¥ ukMk¥(C) ckWc fcz;ku(D) dS`Vsjhuk lzscksVfud`

14. ˜tkZ fæ[j lEes¥u] 2008 d`gk∑gqvk ƒk =(A) tnΩnkg eÍ (B) rsgjku eÍ(C) fj;kn eÍ (D) f(iks¥h eÍ

15. CTBT d`k iwjk Ôi gS%(A) d`kWfUVU;wM VsLV cSu V_hVh(B) d`kWfUVU;wM VsLV csLM V_hVeÍV(C) d`kWfE^gÍflo VsLV cSu V_hVh(D) d`kWefæZ;¥ VsLV cSu VSfjœ`

16. ,fæ;k dì 2008 œ`kbu¥ [s¥k x;kƒk%(A) Hkjr vkSj Jh¥ad`k ds` chp(B) ikfd`Lrku vkSj Hkjr ds` chp(C) Jh¥ad`k vkSj ikfd`Lrku ds` chp(D) ckaX¥knsæ vkSj Hkjr ds` chp

17. ,e\ ,l\ |ksuh d`ks o"Z 2007 ds` f¥,fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lds` f¥, pqukx;k ƒk =(A) vtqZu iqjLd`kj(B) nzks.kpk;Z iqjLd`kj(C) jktho xka|h [s¥jRu iqjLd`kj(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

18. MCA d`k iwjk Ôi gS%(A) fefuLV_h vkWœ` dÈiuh vœs`;lZ(B) ekLVj vkWœ` dÈI;wVj ,sfI¥ds`æu(C) esEcj pkVZMZ vd`km≥VÍV(D) ekLVj vkWœ` d`kWelZ ,≥M vkVZlΩ

19. phu us vkfrF; (Hosted) fd`;k gS%(A) XXIX vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`k(B) XXVIII vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`k(C) XXVII vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`k(D) XXX vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`k

20. jkÆV_ifr Hou d`k fMtkbu cuk;kƒk%(A) ,MoMZ LVksu us(B) ¥s d`kcwZts us(C) ,Mfou ¥qfV;al us(D) r:. n® us

21. ‘Hkjr NksÈMks’ vkUnks¥u 1942 eÍ fd`leghus eÍ æqÔ fd`;k x;k ƒk =(A) tuojh (B) ekpZ(C) vxLr (D) fnlEcj

22. fe¥ku d`hft,%LrEH-I(a) ds`æc lsu(b) n;kuan ljLorh(c) vkRekjke ik≥Mqjax(d) lS;n vgen [kuLrEH-II1. ^kƒZuk lekt2. cz© lekt3. v¥hxÈ< vkUnks¥u4. vk;Z lekt


(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 4 1 3 2(B) 1 4 2 3(C) 2 4 1 3(D) 3 2 4 1

23. Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl d`k ig¥kvaxzst v÷;” d`kSu ƒk =(A) tkWtZ ;w¥(B) fof¥;e osMjcuZ(C) ,\ vks\ Ìwe(D) gsujh d`kWVu

24. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l O;fDr d`ks‘xzßM vksYM eSu vkWœ` bf≥M;k’ ds` ÔieÍ tkuk tkrk gS =(A) ck¥ xaxk|j fr¥d`(B) nknkHkbZ ukSjksth(C) eksrh¥k¥ usgÔ(D) ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk;

25. vd`cjukek fd`lus f¥[k ƒk =(A) vd`cj(B) chjc¥(C) vcq¥ œ`t¥(D) Hxoku nkl

26. ‘iw.Z Lojkt’ d`h æiƒ d`kaxzsl ds`fd`l vf|osæu eÍ ¥h xbZ ƒh =(A) d`¥d`®k(B) ¥kgkSj(C) b¥kgkckn(D) enzkl

27. Hkjr eÍ iapk;rh jkt ^.k¥h d`cæqÔ d`h xbZ ƒh =(A) 1950 bZLoh(B) 1945 bZLoh(C) 1959 bZLoh(D) 1962 bZLoh

28. Hkjr ds` mijkÆV_ifr ds` in ij¥xkrkj nks ckj d`kSu jgk ƒk =(A) MkW\ ,l\ jk|kÎ`Æ.u(B) Jh vkj\ oÍd`Vje.(C) MkW\ æad`jn;k¥ æekZ(D) Jh oh\ oh\ fxfj

29. Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` fd`l laæks|u}kjk ^Lrkouk e Í nk s æCn ‘lektoknh’(Socialist) vkSj ‘|eZfujis”’ (Secu-lar) tksÈMs x, ƒs =(A) 28oÍ (B) 40oÍ(C) 42oÍ (D) 52oÍ

30. tc jkÆV_ifr vkSj mijkÆV_ifr nksukÍds` in ,d` lkƒ [k¥h gkÍ] rks in ijvLƒk;h Ôi ls d`kSu d`ke d`jrk gS`=

(A) laln ds` nksukÍ lnukÍ }kjk ukferd`ksbZ O;fDr(B) ¥ksd` lHk d`k v÷;”(C) jkT; lHk d`k milHkifr(D) Hkjr d`k eq“; U;k;k|hæ

31. Hkjrh; lafo|ku ¥kxw gqvk ƒk%(A) 26 tuojh] 1950 d`ks(B) 26 tuojh] 1952 d`ks(C) 15 vxLr] 1948 d`ks(D) 26 uoEcj] 1949 d`ks

32. LorU( Hkjr eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ lsd`kSulh efg¥k fd`lh jkT; d`h ig¥hjkT;ik¥ ƒh =(A) Jherh ljksftuh uk;Mw(B) Jherh lqpsrk Îì¥kuh(C) Jherh bfUnjk xka|h(D) Jherh fot;¥{eh iafMr

33. Hkjr ds` fu;U(d` vkSj egk¥s[kijh”d` d`h fjiksVZ d`h laoh”k d`jusok¥h lalnh; lfefr gS%(A) vkd`¥u lfefr (EstimatesCommittee)

(B) ôj lfefr (Select Commit-tee)

(C) ¥ksd` ¥s[k lfefr (PublicAccounts Committee)

(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ Hh ugÓ

34. dq`gjk (Fog) ,d` mnkgj. gS%(A) xSl eÍ ifjf”Ir xSl d`k(B) xSl eÍ ifjf”Ir nzo d`k(C) xSl eÍ ifjf”Ir Bksl d`k(D) nzo eÍ ifjf”Ir Bksl d`k

35. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls og lkxj d`kSulkgS] tks Hwc* (Landlocked) gS =(A) freksj lkxj(B) vjkœq`jk lkxj(C) xzhu¥S≥M lkxj(D) vj¥ lkxj

36. fe¥ku d`hft,%i®u jkT;

(a) HVd`¥ 1. ds`j¥(b) ,s¥sIih 2. rfe¥ukMq(c) d`kd`hukMk 3. dùkZVd`(d) rwrhd`ksfju 4. vkU|z ^nsæ

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 1 3 4 2

(B) 4 3 2 1

(C) 3 1 4 2

(D) 2 4 1 3

37. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSuls cjkcj o"kZok¥s LƒkukÍ d`ks tksÈMus ok¥h js[k,anækZrs gß =(A) vkblksfgIl(B) vkblksgs¥kbUt(C) vkblksckj(D) vkblksgkbVlΩ

38. fo"qor (Equator) js[k gS%(A) m®j vkSj nf”. |zqokÍ d`ks tksÈMusok¥h js[k(B) m®j vkSj nf”. |zqokÍ ds` chpks-chp i~Foh ds` fxnZ ?weus ok¥h d`kYifud`js[k(C) æfu xzg ds` fxnZ ,d` es[¥k(D) i~Foh ds` ?w.Zu d`k v”

39. oSf'od` rkiu (Global Warming)ds` œ`¥LoÔi gks ld`rk gS%(A) leqnz r¥ eÍ o~f*(B) œ`l¥ ds` LoÔi eÍ ifjorZu(C) rV js[k eÍ ifjorZu(D) mi;qZDr lHh

40. i~Foh fæ[j lEes¥u ·i~Foh cpkvks‚d`k vk;kstu fd`;k ƒk%(A) ;wusLd`ks us(B) ;w,ulhbZMh us(C) MCY;w\ ,p\ vks\ us(D) ;wfulsœ` us

41. ;fn nks oLrq,a iwjd` gkÍ] rks mud`h∂`kWl-d`her ^R;kLƒrk (Cross priceelasticity) gksrh gS%(A) æwU; (Zero)

(B) |ukRed` (Positive)

(C) )`.kRed` (Negative)

(D) d`kYifud` la“;k (Imaginarynumber)

42. fd`lh oLrq ds` mRiknu d`h volj¥kxr gksrh gS%(A) og ¥kxr tks d`ksbZ fHUu rdùhd`viukus ij œèZ mBk ld`rh ƒh(B) og ¥kxr tks mRiknu d`h fd`lhfHUu fof| ds` vUrxZr œèZ mBk ld`rhƒh(C) mBkbZ xbZ okLrfod` ¥kxr(D) R;kxk x;k vx¥k loks Z®eoSd`fYid` mRiknu

43. vYikof| eÍ Hwfe ls fHUu fd`lh vU;miknku }kjk vftZr vf|æs" d`ksd`grs gß%(A) vkfƒZd` ¥xku (Economic rent)

(B) fuo¥ ¥xku (Net rent)


(C) vkHklh ¥xku (Quasi rent)

(D) vf| lkekU; ¥xku (Super-normal rent)

44. ;kstuk vk;ksx d`k insu v÷;” d`kSugS =(A) ;kstuk vkSj fod`kl ea(h(B) fo® ea(h(C) ^|kuea(h(D) xzkeh. vkSj lkeqnkf;d` fod`klea(h

45. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ml fLƒfr eÍ d`kSulhckr lgh ugÓ gS] tc vƒZO;oLƒk eÍC;kt nj ˜∑ph gks tkrh gS =(A) cpr cÈ< tkrh gS(B) m|kj nsuk dè gks tkrk gS(C) mRiknu d`h ¥kxr cÈ< tkrh gS(D) iw∑th d`k ^frœ`¥ cÈ< tkrk gS

46. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh jkÆV_h;vk; ds` ekiu d`h fof| ugÓ gS =(A) ewY; of|Zr fof| (Value AddedMethod)

(B) vk; fof| (Income Method)

(C) fuosæ fof| (InvestmentMethod)

(D) O;; fof| (ExpenditureMethod)

47. Je-^|ku rdùhd` (Labour Inten-sive Technique) pquh tk,xh%(A) Je vf|æs" ok¥h vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ(B) iw∑th vf|æs" ok¥h vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ(C) fod`flr vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ(D) fod`klæh¥ vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ

48. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh vkfƒZd`f∂`;k ugÓ cusxh =(A) viuh d`”k eÍ Nk(kÍ d`ks iÈ<kjgk v÷;kid`(B) loZ fæ”k vfH;ku ds` vUrxZrNk(kÍ d`ks iÈ<k jgk v÷;kid`(C) ?j eÍ viuh csVh d`ks iÈ<k jgkv÷;kid`(D) vius fuokl ls ijkeæZ lsok,ami¥C| d`jk jgk v÷;kid`

49. fo® vk;ksx (The Finance Commis-sion)%(A) iapo"hZ; ;kstuk,a cukrk gS(B) ekSfnzd` uhfr rS;kj d`jrk gS(C) dsÙnzh; ljd`kj ds` dèZpkfj;kÍds` osru eÍ laæks|u d`h flœ`kfjæd`jrk gS(D) lalk|ukÍ ds ds Unz vkSj jkT;kÍ dschp c∑Vokjs ij fu.Z; ¥srk gS

50. fd`lh nsæ d`k fuo¥ jkÆV_h; mRikngksrk gS%(A) ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn eÍ ewY;Ökl H®s ?Vkd`j(B) ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn eÍ fonsækÍ lsfuo¥ vk; tksÈMd`j(C) ld`¥ jkÆV_h; mRikn eÍ ls fonsækÍls fuo¥ vk; ?Vkd`j(D) ld`¥ jkÆV_h; mRikn eÍ ls ewY;Ökl H®s ?Vkd`j

51. ihf¥;k (Jaundice) fd`lds` la∂è.ds` d`kj. gksrk gS =(A) efLrÆd` (Brain)

(B) ;Î`r (Liver)

(C) o~Dd` (Kidney)

(D) I¥hgk (Spleen)

52. lkekU; O;fDr eÍ fn¥ d`h |ÈMdùd`h vkSlr nj gksrh gS%(A) 82 (B) 92

(C) 72 (D) 98

53. bZbZth (EEG) d`k ^;ksx fd`ld`hxfrfof| ntZ d`jus ds` f¥, fd`;ktkrk gS =(A) ≤n; (Heart)

(B) œs`œ`ÈMs (Lungs)

(C) efLrÆd` (Brain)

(D) ekalisfæ;k∑ (Muscles)

54. xk; ds` nw| d`k jax fd`ld`h ekStwnxhds` d`kj. ƒksÈMk ih¥k gksrk gS =(A) tßƒksfœ`¥ (B) jkbcksŒ¥sfou(C) jkbC;w¥ksl (D) dS`jksfVu

55. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk jksx la∂`ked`gS =(A) e|qesg (Diabetes)

(B) fMIƒhfj;k (Diphtheria)

(C) xfB;k (Arthritis)

(D) dß`lj (Cancer)

56. vjDrrk (Anaemia) eÍ fuEuf¥f[reÍ ls fd`ld`h ek(k dè gks tkrh gS =(A) gheksX¥ksfcu(B) d`ks¥Stu(C) gkbvksX¥ksfcu(D) ek;ksflu

57. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk jksx ^k;# ok;qds` ek÷;e ls œS`¥rk gS =(A) I¥sx(B) Vk;œ`kWbM(C) VΩ;wcjdq`¥ksfll(D) gStk

58. vUu (Cereals) ,d` le~* lzksr gksrsgß%(A) LVkpZ ds`(B) X¥wd`ksl ds`(C) ≠`DVksl ds`(D) ekYVksl ds`

59. ,fLifju lk|kj. uke gS%(A) lSf¥flf¥d` ,flM d`k(B) lSf¥fl¥sV d`k(C) eSfƒ¥ lSf¥fl¥sV d`k(D) ,sflfV¥ lSf¥flf¥d` ,flM d`k

60. pspd` (Small Pox) gksus d`k d`kj.gS%(A) :fcvks¥k okbjl(B) oSfjvks¥k okbjl(C) oSfjls¥k(D) feDlksokbjl

61. d`kcZu eksuksDlkbM ,d` To¥uæh¥xSl (Inflammable gas) gS\ fuEu-f¥f[r eÍ ls vkSj d`kSulh xSlTo¥uæh¥ gS =(A) ghf¥;e (B) ukbV_kstu(C) vkWDlhtu (D) gkbM_kstu

62. ok;oh; 'olu (Aerobic Respira-tion) ^f∂`;k d`ks pkfg,%(A) ˜Æek (Heat)

(B) t¥ (Water)

(C) vkWDlhtu (Oxygen)

(D) lw;Z d`h jksæuh (Sunlight)

63. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulh |krq t¥ ds`lkƒ vfHf∂`;k d`jds` gkbM_kstu iSnkugÓ d`jrh =(A) iksVSfæ;e (B) dS`Mfe;e(C) lksfM;e (D) ¥hfƒ;e

64. vkstksu eÍ gksrh gS%(A) dsò¥ vkWDlhtu(B) vkWDlhtu vkSj ukbV_kstu(C) gkbM_kstu vkSj d`kcZu(D) vkWDlhtu vkSj d`kcZu

65. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l nzo d`k ?uRolcls dè gS =(A) LoPN t¥ (Fresh water)

(B) ued`hu t¥ (Salt water)

(C) isV_ks¥ (Petrol)

(D) edZ`jh (Mercury)

66. ‘U;wure rkieku’ (Low-tempera-tures) iSnk d`jus ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[reÍ ls fd`l fl*kUr d`k ^;ksx fd`;ktkrk gS =


(A) vfrpk¥d`rk (Super conduc-tivity)

(B) tw¥-ds`fYou ^Hko (Joule-Kelvin effect)

(C) rki-oS»qr ^Hko (Thermo-electric effect)

(D) :*ksÆe fopqEcdù (Adiabaticdemagnetisation)

67. ^d`kæ fo»qrΩ (Photo-electric) ls¥cn¥rk gS%(A) ;kfU(d` ˜tkZ d`ks oS»qr tkZ eÍ(B) rki ˜tkZ d`ks ;kfU(d` ˜tkZ eÍ(C) ^d`kæ ˜tkZ d`ks jklk;fud`˜tkZ eÍ(D) ^d`kæ ˜tkZ d`ks oS»qr ˜tkZ eÍ

68. fHUu-fHUu nzO;eku ds` nks iRƒjkÍ d`ks,d` Hou ds` fæ[j ls ,d` lkƒfxjk;k x;k%(A) NksVk iRƒj tehu ij ig¥sigq∑prk gS(B) cÈMk iRƒj tehu ij ig¥sigq∑prk gS(C) nksukÍ iRƒj tehu ij ,d` lkƒigq∑prs gß(D) iRƒj d`h jpuk ij fuHZj d`jrkgS

69. iYlj gksrs gß%(A) i~Foh d`h vksj tk jgs rkjs(B) i~Foh ls nwj tk jgs rkjs(C) rsth ls ?weus ok¥s rkjs(D) mPp rkieku ok¥s rkjs

70. lkSj ifjokj (Solar System) d`klcls cÈMk xzg gS%(A) i~Foh (Earth)

(B) eax¥ (Mars)

(C) æfu (Saturn)

(D) c~gLifr (Jupiter)

71. ‘usæu¥ Ldw`¥ vkWœ` M_kek’ fuEu-f¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ægj eÍ fLƒrgS =(A) eqEcbZ (B) ubZ fnY¥h(C) Hksik¥ (D) d`ks¥d`krk

72. gekjk jkÆV_xku ig¥h ckj d`c vkSjd`gk∑ xk;k x;k ƒk =(A) 24 tuojh] 1950 d`ks b¥kgkckneÍ(B) 24 tuojh] 1950 d`ks fnY¥h eÍ(C) 26 fnlEcj] 1942 d`ks d`¥d`®keÍ(D) 27 fnlEcj] 1911 d`ks d`¥d`®keÍ

73. ok;qe≥M¥ eÍ ftl vkstksu fNnz(Ozone hole) d`k irk ¥xk;k x;kgS] og d`gk∑ fLƒr gS =(A) vkdZ`fVd` egklkxj ds` ˜ij(B) vUVkdZ`fVd`k ds` ˜ij(C) Hkjr ds` ˜ij(D) v¥kLd`k ds` ˜ij

74. ^frHk i¥k;u (Brain drain)%(A) ,d` jksx gS(B) æSf”d` rƒk rdùhd`h laLƒkvkÍls fojr Nk(kÍ d`ks d`grs gß(C) oSKkfud` vkSj vkS»ksfxd` vuq-lU|ku ij O;ƒZ d`k [pkZ gS(D) dq`æ¥ d`feZ;kÍ ds` mRôklu(Emigration) d`ks d`grs gß

75. jkÆV_h; ÷ot ds` |eZp∂` eÍ fd`ruhjs[k,a gß =(A) 22 (B) 24

(C) 18 (D) 14

m®j O;k“;k lfgr

●●●

æs" i~ÆB 715 d`k

fu;qDr fd`,\ blds` lkƒ vuq"axh laLƒktsEl (Global Environmental Moni-toring System) Hh d`k;ZjrΩ gS\

lalk|u laj”. d`h ^f∂`;k ds vUrxZrfuEuf¥f[r pkj êq[ pj. vkrs gß%

^ƒe%ikfjfLƒfrd` ”s( d`k p;uf}rh;%i;kZoj. fæ”k o æks|r~rh;%i;kZoj. ikfjfLƒfrd`h Ökl

d`k ewY;kadùprqƒZ%i;kZoj. Ökl jksdùs ds` mik;

i;kZoj. Ökl ds` vkd`¥u eÍ gefuEuf¥f[r nks ^HkokÍ d`ks pqurs gß%

^ƒe%ekuoh; f∂`;kvkÍ o ^kd~`frd`vi?Vu ls mRiUu Ökl i;kZoj.h; Öklvƒok ud`kjkRed` ifjorZu] tks iwoZ d`hrq¥uk eÍ gqvk gS\

f}rh;%i;kZoj.h; gkfu] Ökl oifjorZu ls ekuo ds` Hkoh d`Y;k. ij iÈMusok¥s ^HkokÍ d`k vkd`¥u vƒok ewY;kadù\

^ƒe ^d`kj ds` ewY;kadù eÍ fd`lh Hh^Lrkfor d`k;Z ds` mijkUr ·^HkoLoÔi‚^kd~`frd` i;kZoj. ij iÈMus ok¥s nqÆ^HkokÍ;k ^kd~ frd` O;oLƒk eÍ ifjorZu ·Ökl‚ d`kvuqeku ¥xkuk gS\

f}rh; ^d`kj ds ewY;kadù eÍ ^kd~ frdì;kZoj. eÍ gksus ok¥s ud`kjkRed` ifjorZu·Ökl‚ ls ekuo lekt ds` d`Y;k. d`ks^Hkfor d`jus ok¥s ifjorZukÍ d`k ewY;kadùd`juk gksrk gS\ fo'o eÍ loZ^ƒe i;kZoj.Ökl ds` ^Hko d`k ewY;kadù vejhd`keÍ jkÆV_h; i;kZoj. uhfr vf|fu;e(National Environment Policy Act–1969) eÍ fd`;k x;k\ bl vf|fu;e ds`êq[ ?Vd` ¥{; ƒs%

(1) i;kZoj. xq.o®k ifj"nΩ (Coun-cil on Environmental Quality)

(2) i;kZoj.h; lEink d`k ^lkj otkx~fr iSnk d`juk\

(3) i;kZoj. d`h xq.o®k cuk, j[ukrƒk ekuoh; d`Y;k. gsrq ^;kl\

(4) i;kZoj.] ekuo ds` e÷; leUo;gsrq jkÆV_h; uhfr fuekZ.\

i;kZoj. leL;k] fo'oLrjh; leL;kgS\ fd`lh Hh ”s( ds` i;kZoj.h; vi?Vu,oa ”fr d`k ^Hko lEiw.Z fo'o ij iÈMrkgS\ CFC ds` vf|d` mRltZu ;wjksi ,oavejhd`k eÍ vf|d` gq,] ¥sfdù vUVkdZ`fVd`kds` ˜ij vkstksu fNnz gksus ls lEiw.Z i~Fohij ^Hko ns[us d`ks fe¥s\ nh?Zd`k¥ eÍ gksusok¥h i;kZoj.h; gkfu ds` ewY; ij O;;¥kxr dè gksrh gS\ d`¥d`®k fo'ofo»k¥;ds` MkW\ ds`\ Vh\ nkl us vius i;kZoj.h;vuqla|ku ls ;g fl* fd`;k fd` o~”kÍ d`keq“; mRiknu vkWDlhtu gS\ o~”kÍ ds` vU;mRikn%(1) ok;q ^nw". ^frjks|] (2) ÷ofu^nw". ^frjks|] (3) Hw-”j. ^frjks|](4) ^ksVhu mRiknu] (5) olk mRiknu\MkW\ nkl us vius fo'oLrjh; i;kZoj.h;vuqla|ku ls `fl* fd`;k fd` vkSlr vk;q

ds LoLƒ o~” ds d`kVus ij 0·3 ^frær

gh mRiknu ¥d`ÈMh ds` Ôi eÍ ge ^kIr

d`jrs gß vkSj o~” ds` 99·7 ^frær vU;

mRiknkÍ ls ge oafpr jg tkrs gß\●●●


O;kolkf;d` Kku ·vƒZækL(‚·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚

ih\,u\ch\ Î`f" vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] 16-8-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

01. ls d`k fu;e d`grk gS%(A) ek∑x Lo;a viuh vkiwfrZ mRiUud`jrh gS(B) vkiwfrZ Lo;a viuh ek∑x mRiUud`jrh gS(C) ek∑x Lo;a viuh ek∑x mRiUud`jrh gS(D) vkiwfrZ Lo;a viuh vkiwfrZ mRiUud`jrh gS(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

02. ekYƒl ds` tula“;k fl*kUr d`kvk|kj gS%(A) tula“;k d`h gjkRed` Js.h(B) [k» mRiknu d`h xq.ks®j Js.h(C) tula“;k d`h lekUrj Js.h(D) tula“;k d`h xq.ks®j Js.h(E) mi;qZDr lHh

03. xzsæe d`k fu;e d`grk gS%(A) vPNh eqnzk] cqjh eqnzk d`ks p¥uls ckgj d`j nsrh gS(B) cqjh eqnzk vPNh eqnzk d`ks p¥uls ckgj d`j nsrh gS(C) nksukÍ] vPNh eqnzk vkSj cqjh eqnzkd`k lg-vfLrRo gks ld`rk gS(D) u gh vPNh eqnzk vkSj u gh cqjheqnzk ¥Ecs le; rd` p¥u eÍ jgld`rh gS(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

04. eqnzk-voLœ`hfr d`k lzksr gS%(A) okLrfod` lsDVj(B) vkfƒZd` lsDVj(C) lsok lsDVj(D) dìÈMk lsDVj

05. ,d` ^fr;ksfxrkRed` œèZ ¥kH cÈ<krhgS] tc%(A) MR = AR

(B) MR = MC

(C) MC = AC

(D) MC = AR

(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

06. ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ds` d`kj. cktkj eÍ ‘lqijukeZ¥’ ¥kH cÈ< ld`rk gS\(A) lwpuk d`h vlaxrrk

(B) lwpuk ij ^frcU|(C) ek(k ij ^frcU|(D) ewY; ij ^frcU|(E) mi;qZDr lHh

07. ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ds` }kjk ¥kH gksrk gS\(A) vƒZuhfr eÍ lf∂`; rRo(B) uohuhd`j.(C) v^R;kfær ¥kH(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

08. C;kt ns; gksrk gS%(A) eqnzk Lœ`hfr d`h ”fr iwfrZ gsrq(B) HfoÆ; d`h lkexzh ij orZeku d`hJsÆBrk gsrq(C) D;kÍfd` eqnzk d`h ek∑x mld`hvkiwfrZ d`ks ihNs NksÈM nsrh gS(D) okLrfod` lsDVj d`h o~f* d`kslqfuf'pr d`juk(E) mi;qZDr lHh

09. fuosæ d`h ifjHk"k gS%(A) O;olk; eÍ |u ¥xkuk(B) C;kt nsus ok¥s ckW≥MΩl [jhnuk(C) iw∑th ds` lap; eÍ cn¥ko(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

10. vehjkÍ d`k vuqRiknd` fuosæ gS%(A) xjhckÍ d`ks jkstxkj d`h vko';d`rk(B) vkfƒZd` lao*Zu eÍ :d`koV(C) vƒZuhfr ij d`ksbZ ftEesnkjh ugksuk(D) dsò¥ vehjkÍ d`h vƒZuhfr ds`^fr ftEesnkj gksuk(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

11. gsDæj-vksgf¥u fl*kUr D;k le>krkgS =(A) nsækÍ ds` fj¥sfVo œS`DVj ,aMksesUVΩlds` lUnHZ eÍ O;kikj d`k iSVuZ(B) d`ksbZ nsæ ,sls mRiknkÍ d`h vk;krD;kÍ d`jsxk tks nsæ ds` Lds`lZ œS`DVjd`k cÈMs iSekus ij bLrsek¥ d`jrs gß(C) rq¥ukRed` ¥kxr d`k fu;e(D) ijLij ek∑x d`h lad`Yiuk(E) mi;qZDr lHh

12. ‘Doklh-jsUV’%(A) fu#æqYd` migkjkÍ ds` LoÔi eÍgksrs gß(B) mRiknu ds` lHh œS`DVlZ d`ks¥kxw gks ld`rs gß(C) ekftZu¥ œèZ ds` fjVUlZ ls vf|d`ds` œèZ ds` lkjs fjVUlZ bueÍ ækfe¥gksrs gß(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

13. buΩfMœ`jUl dòZ rdùhd vko';d`r#%(A) ,d` d`kfMZu¥ n~fÆVd`ks. gS(B) ,d` vkWfMZu¥ n~fÆVd`ks. gS(C) ,d` Doklh-vkWfMZu¥ n~fÆVd`ks. gS(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

14. buΩfMœ`jUl dòZ d`k L¥ksi D;k nækZrkgS =(A) nks oLrqvkÍ ds` lfCLVVΩ;wæu d`hekftZu¥ nj(B) ,d` oLrq d`h ekftZu¥ ;wVhf¥Vhd`k nwljh ls vuqikr(C) (A) vkSj (B) nksukÍ(D) ,d` oLrq d`h VksV¥ ;wfVf¥Vhd`k nwljh ls vuqikr(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

15. vUrjkZÆV_h; O;kikj fl*kUr eÍ ‘iklƒzw’ d`k vƒZ gS%(A) fu;kZr vkSj vk;kr ^kbl pÍteÍ fjŒ¥sDVsM ,DlpÍt jsV pÍt d`kvuqikr(B) fd`lh VSfjœ` cSfj;j d`k lkeukugÓ d`j jgs gkÍ ,sls fu;kZr vkSjvk;kr(C) fd`lh rdùhd`h cSfj;j d`klkeuk ugÓ d`j jgs gks ,sls fu;kZrvkSj vk;kr(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

16. eYVh¥SVj¥ V_sM okrkZ d`k ;wÔXosjkmaM%(A) 1986 eÍ æqÔ gqvk vkSj 1993ds` vUr eÍ iwjk gqvk(B) d`k ¥{; ƒk uksu-VSfjœ` V_sMcSfj;lZ ds` jkb¯tx V_ÍM d`ks fjolZd`juk(C) us GATT d`ks WTO ls fjI¥slfd`;k(D) WTO eÍ lsokvkÍ vkSj Î`f" d`ks¥k;k(E) mi;qZDr lHh


17. vUrjkZÆV_h; O;kikj fl*kUr eÍ ^ksMDVlkbd`¥ ekWM¥ ·oukZu] 1966)%(A) VsDuk¥kftd`¥ xSi ekWM¥ d`k,d` ,DLVsUæu gS(B) gsDæj-vksgΩf¥u ekWM¥ d`k ,d`,DLVsUæu gS(C) u;s ^ksMDV vkSj ^ksMDæu dsù;s ^kslslkÍ d`k Mk;ukfed` dÈisjsfVo,MokaVst le>krk gS(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

18. œ`kWjsDl ekdsZ`V eÍ gsMΩ¯tx vkSjLisD;q¥sæu%(A) fojks|h xfrfof|;k∑ gß(B) lekukUrj xfrfof|;k∑ gß(C) leku xfrfof|;k∑ gß(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

19. d`jÍlh LoSi D;k gksrk gS`=(A) ,d` gh laO;ogkj ds` ,d` Hkxds` Ôi eÍ ,d` d`jÍlh d`k gkftjfo∂`; vkSj lkƒ gh mlh d`jÍlh d`kœ`ksjoMZ iqu# ∂`;(B) ,d` gh laO;ogkj ds` ,d` Hkxds` Ôi eÍ ,d` d`jÍlh d`k œ`ksjoMZfo∂`; vkSj lkƒ gh mlh d`jÍlh d`kœ`ksjoMZ iqu# ∂`;(C) nks v¥x-v¥x laO;ogkjkÍ eÍ,d` d`jÍlh d`k œ`ksjoMZ fo∂`; vkSjlkƒ gh mlh d`jÍlh d`k œ`ksjoMZ iqu#∂`;(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

20. Hkjr eÍ ifC¥d`-^kbosV ikVZujfæiifj;kstuk,a vf|d`kaær# fuEuf¥f[rls lEcfU|r gß%(A) gokbZ vMΩMs (B) cUnjxkg(C) js¥os (D) lÈMd`(E) ægjh fod`kl

21. Hkjr ds` vYikof| eqnzk cktkj eÍfuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l lsxeÍV d`kfgLlk lcls cÈMk gS =(A) d`ks¥sVjkbTM cksjksbax ,≥M ¥ß¯MxvksfC¥xsæu (CBLO)

(B) V_sfMæu¥ fjiks(C) D¥h;jd`kiZ fjiks vksoj eS¯pxflLVe (CROMS)(D) d`kW¥(E) vU;

22. CSO ds` laæksf|r vuqeku ds` vuqlkj]œS`DVj d`ksLV ij 2008-09 eÍ HkjreÍ GDP …… ƒk\

(A) 28,71,120 d`jksÈM :i,(B) 31,29,717 d`jksÈM :i,(C) 33,39,375 d`jksÈM :i,(D) 44,82,436 d`jksÈM :i,(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

23. e÷;kÕ Hkstu ;kstuk%(A) d`k fu|h;u dsÙnz }kjk fd`;kx;k gS vkSj ;g fo'o eÍ lcls cÈMhLdw`¥ Hkstu ;kstuk gS(B) ljd`kjh vkSj ljd`kjh lgk;rk^kIr Ldw`¥ eÍ ^R;sd` cPps d`ks Ldw`¥ds` ^R;sd` fnu dè-ls-dè 300 dS`¥ksjhvkSj 8–12 xzke ^ksVhu] dè-ls-dè200 fnu ds` f¥, mi¥C| d`jkrh gS(C) ¥xHx 120 fef¥;u cPpkÍ d`ksHkstu mi¥C| d`jkrh gS(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

24. ba';qjUl isusV_sæu d`h ifjHk"k fuEuk-uqlkj gS%(A) ,d` o"Z eÍ vaMjfjVu ^hfe;ed`k GDP ls vuqikr(B) ,d` o"Z eÍ vaMjfjVu ^hfe;ed`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr(C) ,d` o"Z eÍ b';qjUl lCL∂`kbZclZd`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr(D) ,d` o"Z ikf¥lh|kjd`kÍ d`h dq`¥la“;k d`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

25. ba';qjUl MsfUlVh d`h ifjHk"k fuEuk-uqlkj gS%(A) ,d` o"Z eÍ vaMjfjVu ^hfe;ed`k GDP ls vuqikr(B) ,d` o"Z eÍ vaMjfjVu ^hfe;ed`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr(C) ,d` o"Z eÍ b';qjUl lCL∂`kbclZd`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr(D) ,d` o"Z ikf¥lh|kjd`kÍ d`h dq`¥la“;k d`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

26. œ`l¥kÍ ds` U;wure leƒZu ewY; d`hflœ`kfjæ ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ }kjk d`h tkrh gS\(A) ;kstuk vk;ksx] Hkjr(B) Î`f" ¥kxr vkSj ewY; vk;ksx(CACP)

(C) fo® vk;ksx] Hkjr(D) Î`"d` vk;ksx] Hkjr(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

27. fo»qrΩ ·laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e] 2007%(A) us dS`fIVo ;wfuVkÍ ds` fo∂`; gsrq¥kblÍl d`h vko';d`rk lekIr d`j nh

(B) xk∑okÍ vkSj cktkjkÍ lfgr lHh”s(kÍ eÍ ,Dlsl nsus ds` f¥, dsÙnzvkSj jkT; ljd`kj }kjk la;qDr ^;kld`jus d`k bleÍ ^ko|ku gS(C) nLrankt ehVjkÍ d`ks mi;ksx d`ksvkofjr d`jus ds` f¥, bleÍ pksjh d`hifjHk"k d`k foLrkj fd`;k gS(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

28. vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ eanh ds` le; jktd`ks"h;uhfr ld`¥ ek∑x d`ks ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ^Hkford`j ld`rh gS\(A) foosd`k|hu rRo(B) xSj-foosd`k|hu rRo(C) d`j d`h njÍ ?Vkd`j(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

29. rsjgoÍ fo® vk;ksx d`k v÷;” d`kSugS`=(A) MkW\ jaxjktu(B) MkW\ fot; ,¥\ ds`¥d`j(C) MkW\ lqjsæ rÍMq¥d`j(D) MkW\ lh\ ,p\ guqear jko(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

30. lkafo|kfud` Ôi ls ekU; fud`k;%(A) ;kstuk vk;ksx(B) fo® vk;ksx(C) œ`ksjoMZ vk;ksx(D) Î`"d` vk;ksx(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

31. fuEuf¥f[r mˆs'; ·mˆs';kÍ‚ ls vxLr2007 eÍ Hkjr ljd`kj us jkÆV_h; Î`f"fod`kl ;kstuk vkjEH d`h ƒh%(A) Î`f" vkSj lEc* f∂`;kd`¥kikÍ eÍ¥ksd` fuosæ cÈ<kus ds` f¥, jkT;kÍ d`ks^ksRlkfgr d`jus(B) ;g lqfuf'pr d`jus ds` f¥, fd`Lƒkuh; tÔjrÍ/œ`l¥Í/^kƒfed`rkvkÍeÍ csgrjh gks(C) egRoiw.Z œ`l¥kÍ eÍ mit vUrjk¥dè d`jus ds` ¥{; d`h ^kfIr d`jus(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

32. œ`jojh 2009 ds` vkjEH eÍ [k»kUud`k cœ`j H≥Mkj ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ƒk\(A) 16·2 fef¥;u Vu(B) 20·0 fef¥;u Vu(C) 37·4 fef¥;u Vu(D) 36·2 fef¥;u Vu(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ


33. fuEuf¥f[r ^;kstu ls Hkjr eÍ ifC¥d`^kbosV Hkxhnkjh ¥kxw d`h xbZ gS%(A) ljd`kjkÍ d`k fo®h; cks> dèd`jus(B) bU≠`kLV_Dpj d`ks vucaM¥ d`jnsus ok¥s VsDuk¥kftd`¥ ifjorZu d`ksfjLikaM d`jus(C) ek¥ vkSj lsokvkÍ ds` LoÔi d`ksæq* ifC¥d` ls ^kbosV eÍ cn¥us(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

34. bd`ksuksesfV_d` fo'¥s". eÍ gsVsjkslsMkfLV-flVh d`k vƒZ gS%(A) ^R;sd` fMLVcZUl VeZ (Vi) ds`f¥, osfj,Ul lHh i ds` f¥, leku gS(B) ^R;sd` fMLVcZUl VeZ (Vi) ds`f¥, osfj,Ul lHh i ds` f¥, leku ugÓ gS(C) ^R;sd` fMLVcZUl VeZ ds` ^R;sd`tksÈMs ds` f¥, d`ks-osfj,Ul leku gS(D) ^R;sd` fMLVcZUl VeZ ds` ^R;sd`tksÈMs ds` f¥, d`ks-osfj,Ul leku ugÓ gS(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

35. bd`ksuksesfV_d` fo'¥s". eÍ vkWVksd`ksfj-¥sæu d`k vƒZ gS%(A) fofHUu osfj;scYl ds` ewY;kÍ ds`chp d`ksfj¥sæu(B) oSd`fYid` osfj;scYl ds` ewY;kÍds` chp d`ksfj¥sæu(C) ,d` gh osfj;sc¥ ds` lDlsfloewY;kÍ ds` chp d`ksfj¥sæu(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

36. fuEuf¥f[r ds` ijh”. ds` f¥,bd`ksuksesfV_d` ekWMYl eÍ MkfoZu-okVluVsLV ¥kxw fd`;k tkrk gS%(A) ekWM¥ eÍ gsVsjkslsMfLVflVh d`kvfLrRo(B) lßi¥ MkVk eÍ vkVksd`ksfj¥sVsM,jlZ ds` f¥,(C) eYVhd`ksjsf¥fu;fjVh ds` f¥,(D) vkWVksfjxzsflo fMLVcZUlst(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

37. ohd`¥h LVsæujh LVksd`kfLVd` ^kslslfuEuf¥f[r fLƒfr eÍ bl uke lstkuk tkrk gS%(A) le; ds` nkSjku bld`k ehu vkSjosfj;Ul fLƒj jgrk gS(B) Vq Vkbe ihfj;MΩl ds` chpd`ksosfj;Ul d`h oSY;w dsò¥ Vq Vkbeihfj;MΩl ds` chp ¥Sx ij fMiÍMd`jrh gS

(C) okLrfod` le; tc d`ksosfj;UldÈI;wV fd`;k tkrk gS] ml ijd`ksosfj;Ul d`h oSY;w fuHZj ugÓ d`jrh gS(D) mi;qZDr lHh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

38. fjxzsæu ekWMYl eÍ Mfe osfj;scYl d`k^;ksx%(A) Dokf¥VsfVo¥h estj u gks lds`,sls bEiksVZUV osfj;scYl d`ks fj^stsUVd`jus ds` f¥, gksrk gS(B) Lisflfœ`d` ,fV_C;wVΩl d`k bœs DVdSÌpj d`jus ds` f¥, gksrk gS(C) ckbujh osfj;scYl ds` Ôi eÍgksrk gS(D) tula“;k ds` nks lewgkÍ ds` chpd`k Hsn LiÆV d`jus ds` f¥, gksrk gS(E) mi;qZDr lHh

39. bd`ksuksesfV_d` ,uk¥kbfll eÍ êq[?Vd`%(A) f¥fu;j d`kafcusæUl gksrs gß(B) ≠`hMe d`h fMxzhl cÈ<kus eÍlgk;rk d`jrs gß(C) eYVhd`ksfjf¥fu;fjVh d`h gkbfMxzh dè d`jus eÍ lgk;rk d`jrs gß

ijh{kk frfFk%25 vDVwcj] 2009

E-mail : [email protected] : www.upkar.inmid`kj izd`kæu] vkxjk%2

¥s[d`}; # MkW\ ¥k¥ ,oa tSu

izeq[ vkd`"Z.izeq[ vkd`"Z.izeq[ vkd`"Z.

☞ rdZ`æfDr ijh{kk ☞ la“;kRed` ;ksX;rk ·MkVk bUVjfizVsæu lfgr‚

☞ English Language

☞ lkekU; lpsrrk

ENGLISH EDITION Code No. 1674 Rs. 215/-

d`ksM ua\ 1480 ewY; # 245/-

(D) mi;qZDr lHh

(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

40. fo'o d`h tula“;k 2·6 ^frær d`hnj ls cÈ<rh gS] rks ;g ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ eÍnksxquh gks tk,xh\(A) 44·34 o"Z (B) 36·92 o"Z(C) 29·32 o"Z (D) 26·66 o"Z(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

m®j O;k“;k lfgr

●●●


m»ksx O;kikj txrΩ

vkxkeh cßd` ih\vks\] ,e\ch\,\ vkfn ijh”kvkÍ ds` f¥, foæs" g¥ iz'u

1. flrEcj 2009 ds` e÷; eÍ Hkjr dsìkl vkjf”r fonsæh eqnzk d`ks" ·Lo.Zo ,lMhvkj lfgr‚ ƒs] ¥xHx%(A) 150 vjc MkW¥j(B) 210 vjc MkW¥j(C) 250 vjc MkW¥j(D) 280 vjc MkW¥j

2. fd`lkukÍ d`h )`. ekœ`h d`h dsÙnz ljd`kjd`h ;kstuk ds` rgrΩ ¥kHkfUor fd`lkukÍd`h la“;k fd`l jkT; eÍ lokZf|d` jghgS =(A) m®j ^nsæ (B) vkU|z ^nsæ(C) egkjkÆV_ (D) iatkc

3. ‘vkfl;ku’ (ASEAN) ds` 10 lnL;jkÆV_kÍ eÍ ls fd`lds` lkƒ Hkjr d`kfonsæh O;kikj lokZf|d` gS =(A) ¯lxkiqj (B) e¥sfæ;k(C) ƒkbZ¥S≥M (D) baMksusfæ;k

4. cksbax foeku dÈiuh fd`l nsæ d`hdÈiuh gS =(A) vejhd`k (B) ≠`kal(C) fczVsu (D) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M

5. ‘fofæÆV igpku la“;k ^kf|d`j.’ ds`v÷;” uanu uh¥sd`f. lkWŒVos;j ”s(d`h fd`l dÈiuh ls lEc* jgs gß =(A) Vhlh,l (B) baœ`ksfll(C) fo^ks (D) ekb∂`kslkWŒV

6. lh,lvks ds rktk vkd`¥u ds vuqlkjpk¥w fo®h; o"Z 2009-10 d`h ig¥hfrekgh eÍ Hkjrh; vƒZO;oLƒk eÍfd`rus ^frær d`h o~f* ntZ d`h xbZgS =(A) 3·4 ^frær (B) 4·8 ^frær(C) 5·3 ^frær (D) 6·1 ^frær

7. chek ”s( d`h dÈiuh eSDl U;w;kWdZ` dsù, czkaM ,EcslMj gß%(A) vfHrkH cPpu(B) ækg:[ [ku(C) egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh(D) lfpu rÍnq¥d`j

8. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l dÈiuh ds` lkƒ,d` rktk vuqca| vks¥fEid` d`kaL;ind` fotsrk eqDds`ckt fotÍnj ¯lg usfd`;k gS] tksfd` fookfnr gks x;k gS =

(A) ¥ksœ`ktZ bafM;k(B) ,lchvkbZ ¥kbœ`(C) oksMkœ`ksu(D) ijlsIV

9. cqd`j iqjLd`kj fd`l nsæ eÍ ^nku fd`,tkrs gß =(A) vejhd`k (B) fczVsu(C) ≠`kal (D) Hkjr

10. gfj;k.k eÍ u, Hkjrh; ^ca|u laLƒku(IIM) d`h Lƒkiuk fd`l ægj eÍ d`htk jgh gS =(A) œ`jhnkckn (B) ;equk uxj(C) jksgrd` (D) xqÈMxkao

11. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l jkT;/dsÙnzækflr ”s( eÍ ,d` u, jkÆV_h;^kS»ksfxd`h laLƒku (NIT) d`h LƒkiukX;kjgoÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk ds` nkSjkuugÓ d`h tkuh gS`=(A) uxk¥S≥M (B) >kj[≥M(C) m®jk[≥M (D) fnY¥h

12. ‘œ`ksClZ’ if(d`k ds vkd`¥u ds vuqlkjfoxr ,d` o"Z eÍ fd`l f∂`ds`Vj d`hdèkbZ fo'o eÍ lHh vU; f∂`ds`VjkÍ lsvf|d` jgh gS =(A) egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh(B) lfpu rÍnq¥d`j(C) fjd`h ikÍ¯Vx(D) ds`fou ihVjlu

13. v»ru vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds` vuqlkj baVjusVd`k mi;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ d`h lokZf|d`la“;k fd`l nsæ eÍ gS =(A) vejhd`k (B) phu(C) Hkjr (D) tkiku

14. nsæ d`h dq`¥ tula“;k ds` ^frær ds`Ôi eÍ baVjusV d`k mi;ksx d`jusok¥kÍ d`k lokZf|d` ^frær gS%(A) vejhd`k eÍ (B) phu eÍ(C) vkLV_sf¥;k eÍ (D) tkiku eÍ

15. gk¥ gh eÍ fd`rus lIrkg rd` Hkjr eÍeqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj æwU; ls uhps cuhjgh ƒh =(A) 5 lIrkg (B) 9 lIrkg(C) 13 lIrkg (D) 17 lIrkg

16. Hkjr eÍ ig¥h nwjarks ,Dl^sl js¥xkÈMhfdù LVsæukÍ ds` chp p¥kbZ xbZ ƒh =(A) psUubZ%fnY¥h(B) psUubZ%eqacbZ(C) eqEcbZ lÍV_¥%fnY¥h(D) fl;k¥nkg%fnY¥h

17. ‘flMch‘ (SIDBI) D;k gS =(A) cßd`(B) chek dÈiuh(C) E;wpqv¥ œ`≥M(D) ∂s`fMV js¯Vx ,tÍlh

18. ‘oYMZ Mso¥ieÍV fjiksVZ’ uke ls okf"Zd`fjiksVZ d`k ^d`kæu fd`l fo®h;laLƒku }kjk fd`;k tkrk gS =(A) vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks"(B) fo'o cßd`(C) MCY;w Vhs vks(D) vad`VkM (UNCTAD)

19. rj¥rk d`k ôkg cÈ<kus ds` f¥, 250vjc MkW¥j ds` rqY; ,lMhvkj d`kvkoaVu vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" usvius lnL; nsækÍ d`ks vxLr 2009eÍ fd`;k ƒk\ Hkjr d`ks fd`rus vjcMkW¥j bl vkoaVu ds` rgrΩ ^kIr gq,gß =(A) 1·2 vjc MkW¥j(B) 4·8 vjc MkW¥j(C) 7·6 vjc MkW¥j(D) 10·2 vjc MkW¥j

20. vius lalk|ukÍ eÍ o~f* ds` f¥, fd`lfo®h; laLƒku us 400 Vu ls vf|d`lksuk cspus d`k œS`l¥k fd`;k gS =(A) fo'o cßd`(B) ,fæ;kbZ fod`kl cßd`(C) MCY;w Vh vks(D) vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks"

21. oSf'od` fo®h; fLƒfr d`h leh”k ds`f¥, th-20 d`k rktk fæ[j lEes¥uflrEcj 2009 eÍ d`gk∑ vk;ksftr gqvkgS =(A) VksjaVks(B) jkse(C) d`ksisugsxu(D) fiVΩlcxZ ·vejhd`k‚

22. 55oÍ jkÆV_h; fœ`Ye iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` rgrΩloZJsÆB fœ`Ye d`k iqjLd`kj ikus ok¥hfœ`Ye ‘d`kaphojeΩ’ fd`l Hk"k d`h gS =(A) fgUnh (B) rs¥qxw(C) e¥;k¥e (D) rfe¥


23. 55oÍ jkÆV_h; fœ`Ye iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` rgrΩjkÆV_h; ,d`rk ij loZJsÆB fœ`Ye d`kujfxl n® iqjLd`kj fd`l fœ`Ye ds`f¥, fn;k x;k gS =(A) |eZ (B) ≠`kstsu(C) 1971 (D) pd` ns bafM;k

24. ukWjeu cksj¥kWx] ftud`k fu|uflrEcj 2009 eÍ gqvk gS] us fuEu-f¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ”s( eÍ ;ksxnku ds`f¥, “;kfr ^kIr d`h ƒh =(A) baVjusV(B) ekb∂`ks ∂s`fMV(C) ckSf*d` laink vf|d`kj(D) vf|d` mit nsus ok¥s cht

25. vad`VkM d`h rktk fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkjchrs o"Z 2008 eÍ ,œ`MhvkbZ ^kIrd`jus ok¥s ,fæ;kbZ nsækÍ eÍ Hkjr d`kd`kSulk Lƒku jgk gS =(A) ig¥k (B) nwljk(C) rhljk (D) pkSƒk

26. Hkjr eÍ gk¥ gh eÍ C;kt njkÍ d`kok;nk d`kjksckj fd`l ,DlpÍt eÍ æqÔfd`;k x;k gS =(A) BSE (B) NSE(C) MCX (D) NCDEX

¥s[d`}; # MkW\ ¥k¥ ,oa tSu


êq[ vkd`"Z.êq[ vkd`"Z.êq[ vkd`"Z.+ ekWM¥ ^'u-i( g¥ lfgr+ HkSfrd` foKku+ jlk;u foKku + tho foKku

ijh{kk frfFk%28 vDVwcj] 2009

jkT; æSf{kd` vuqla|ku ,oa izfæ{k. ifj"nΩ}kjk vk;ksftr

d`ksM ua\ 1491 ewY; # 110/-

Code 1676 Rs. 120/-

27. Hkjr eÍ ig¥k bL¥kfed` cßd` fd`ljkT; eÍ Lƒkfir fd`;k tk jgk gS =(A) tEew d`'ehj (B) egkjkÆV_(C) rfe¥ukMq (D) ds`j¥

28. ‘bafM;k ,≥M X¥ksc¥ ∂`kblsl’ uke lsgk¥ gh eÍ ^d`kfær iqLrd` fd`lds`}kjk jfpr gS =(A) MkW\ lh\ jaxjktu(B) æad`j vkpk;Z(C) fot; ds`¥d`j(D) lqjsæ rÍnq¥d`j

29. vkBok∑ ôklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥utuojh 2010 eÍ fd`l ægj eÍvk;ksftr fd`;k tk,xk =(A) ubZ fnY¥h (B) cax¥kSj(C) gSnjkckn (D) eqEcbZ

30. flrEcj 2009 eÍ ¥SDes œS`æu ohd`d`k vk;kstu fd`l ægj eÍ gqvk ƒk =(A) ubZ fnY¥h (B) cax¥kSj(C) d`ks¥d`krk (D) eqEcbZ

m®jek¥k

●●●

c|kbZ lansæ;g cÈMs g"Z d`k fo"; gS fd` gekjs ,d`

fu;fer ikBd` Jh ujsUnz pkS|jh d`k `p;u]jktLFkku ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx }kjk vk;ksftrijh{kk 2007 ds` vk|kj ij] jktLFkkuiqf¥l lsok eÍ fMIVh ,l\ih\ ds` in ijvfUre Ôi ls gks x;k gS\ iwjs jkT; eÍ mUgÍ25ok∑ LFkku izkIr gqvk gS\ bl ækunkjlœ`¥rk ds` f¥, ge Jh pkS|jh d`ks gkfnZd`c|kbZ izsf"r d`jrs gß\ lwpukFkZ i( eÍ JhpkS|jh us f¥[k gS fd` mud`h ;g lœ`¥rkizfr;ksfxrk niZ. d`h csgrjhu v÷;;ulkexzh] okf"Zd`kad` ,oa foKku vkSj jkt-O;oLFkk ds` vfrfjâ`kad`kÍ ds` lg;ksx vkSjekxZnæZu ls gqbZ gS\ izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ ds`f¥, lEiw.Z vko';d` lkexzh mi¥C| d`jkusok¥h izfr;ksfxrk niZ. if(d`k vius vki eÍ,d` lEiw.Z if(d`k gS\ ge Jh pkS|jh ds` bufopkjkÍ ls vfHHwr gß rFkk muds` mTTo¥HfoÆ; d`h gkfnZd` d`keuk d`jrs gß\

%lEiknd`


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m®jk[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·^k\‚ ijh”k (2006), 9-3-2008 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

61. ∏fof| ækL( vf|jfpr ·fu'p;kRed`‚fof| d`k næZu gS\π ;g d`ƒu gS—(A) vkWfLVu (B) isVu(C) d`hVu (D) Mk;l

62. ∏fof|ækL( fof| ds` vk|kjHwr fl*kUrkÍd`k oSKkfud` la'¥s". gS\π ;g fd`lusd`gk ƒk =(A) ,s¥u (B) cSUƒe(C) gkW¥S≥M (D) Mk;l

63. gkjoMZ ¥kW fjO;w eÍ gkVZ-œq`¥j d`h cgld`k fo"; gS—(A) fof| vkSj lekt(B) fof| vkSj uSfrd`rk(C) fof| vkSj nkf;Ro(D) fof| vkSj U;k;

64. ∏,d` vk∑[ ds` f¥, ,d` vk∑[ rƒk ,d`nk∑r ds` f¥, ,d` nk∑r ·vƒkZrΩ tSls d`ksrSlk‚π fd`l fl*kUr ds` vuqlkj n≥Md`k mˆs'; ƒk =(A) H;d`kjh (Detterrent) fl*kUr(B) fuokj.oknh (Preventive) fl*kUr(C) ^frd`kjijd` (Retributive)fl*kUr(D) lq|kjkRed` (Reformative) fl*kUr

65. lEiw.Z fo'o ds` fo:* lqjf”r fgr d`ksd`gk tkrk gS—(A) lgh vƒksÛ eÍ vf|d`kj(B) lkEif®d` vf|d`kj(C) loZca|h vf|d`kj(D) O;fDrca|h vf|d`kj

66. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l fof|ækL(h usæk'or fof| (Lex Aeterma), ^kÎ`frd`fof|] (Lex Naturalis), bZ'ojh; fof|(Lex Divina) rƒk ekuo fufeZr (LexHumana) fof| eÍ foHsn fd`;k gS`=(A) flljks(B) tfLVfu;u(C) lUr ƒkWel ,fDoukl(D) I¥sVks

67. lwph–I d`ks lwph–II ds` lkƒ lqesf¥rd`hft, rƒk lwfp;kÍ ds uhps fn, x, dw Vd`h lgk;rk ls lgh m®j pqfu,—

lwph–I

(a) fof|ækL( vf|oDrkvkÍ d`h cfg-eqZ[rk gS\

(b) fof| d`k Aksr ¥ksd` psruk gS\(c) fof| ^kƒfed` ,oa f}rh;d` fu;ekÍ

d`k ,sD; gS\

(d) fof|d` O;oLƒk ^knæksÛ d`h Lrwilajpuk gS\lwph–II

1. gkVZ 2. ds`Ylu3. twf¥;l LVksu 4. lSfouhdw`V #

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 1 4 3(B) 4 3 1 2

(C) 3 4 1 2

(D) 3 1 4 2

68. ∏LokfeRo fd`lh oLrq ij iw.Z fu;a(.gS\π ;g ifjHk"k nh xbZ gS—(A) iSVu }kjk(B) iks¥d` }kjk(C) gkW¥S≥M }kjk(D) ds`Ylu }kjk

69. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l fof|ækL(h usfof|d` vf|d`kjkÍ ,oa d`®ZO;kÍ d`h O;k“;kfof|d` lgorhZ ,oa fof|d` fo¥kse ds` ÔieÍ d`h gS =(A) gkgœS`YM (B) eÍlœ`hYM(C) gkW¥S≥M (D) gksEl

10. lj gsujh esu ds` vuqlkj] vc rd`^xfræh¥ lektkÍ d`k lap¥u jgk gS—(A) ^kfLƒfr (Status) ls lkekftd`lafonk d`h vksj(B) ^kÎ`frd` fof| ls vf|jfpr fof|(Positive Law) d`h vksj(C) ÔfÈ< (Custom) ls fo|k;u d`h vksj(D) ^kfLƒfr ls lafonk (Contract) d`hvksj

11. ∏fof| d`k ^;kstu lq[ d`ks ^n® d`jukvkSj nq#[ d`k fuokj. d`juk gS\π ;gfd`lus d`gk ƒk =(A) cSUƒe (B) lke≥M(C) dS`Ylu (D) gkWCl

12. ∏lkekftd` ;kaf(d`hπ (Social Engi-neering) ds` fl*kUr d`k ôrZd gS—(A) jkWLd`ks ikm≥M (B) d`kWEVs(C) MΩ;wfxV (D) bgfjax

13. ∏dÙlsIV vkWœ` ¥kW’ iqLrd` d`k ¥s[d`d`kSu gS =(A) ,p\,¥\,\ gkVZ(B) vkWfLVu(C) cSUƒe(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

14. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus d`gk ƒk fd`fo|ku ‘lekt ds` fo|k;h vaxkÍ d`hvkSipkfjd` vfHO;fDr ·d`ƒu‚ gS=(A) Mk;l (B) ,¥su(C) xzs (D) C¥Sd` LVksu

15. ^“;kr fucU| ‘fMVfeZfuax jsfæ;ks MslhMÍMhvkWœ` ds`l’ ds` ¥s[d` ƒs—(A) xqMgkVZ (B) fouœ`hYM(C) vksisughe (D) twf¥;l LVksu


lwph–I

(a) ,sfrgkfld` fopkj|kjk(b) fo;uk fopkj|kjk(c) ^kÎ`frd` fof| fopkj|kjk(d) lektækL(h; fopkj|kjk

lwph–II

1. MΩ;wfxV 2. LVSe¥j3. ds`Ylu 4. iqPrkdw`V #

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 4 1 3(B) 4 3 2 1(C) 3 1 4 2(D) 2 3 4 1

17. ∏,dèk( vf|d`kj tks euqÆ; d`k gksld`rk gS og gS lnSo d`rZO; d`ks d`jusd`k vf|d`kj\π] ;g d`gk ƒk—(A) jkLd`ks ikm≥M us(B) bgfjax us(C) ,gjf¥p us(D) MΩ;wfxV us

18. ∏fof| d`k jkÆV_ ds` lkƒ tUe gksrk gS];g mlh ds` lkƒ cÈ<rh gS] vkSj mlds`fo?Vu ij lekIr gks tkrh gS vkSj ;gmld`h ,d` foæs"rk gS\π ;g er gS—(A) ^kÎ`frd` fof| fopkj|kjk d`k(B) ,sfrgkfld` fopkj|kjk d`k(C) fo'¥s".kRed` fopkj|kjk d`k(D) lektækL(h; fopkj|kjk d`k

19. ‘,d`¥ fuxe’ (Corporate Sole) d`keq“; ^;kstu gS—(A) lEif® d`ks vklkuh ls fojklr;ksX; cukuk(B) lEif® d`ks vklkuh ls varj.h;cukuk(C) in eÍ fujUrjrk cuk, j[uk(D) jkT; d`h lEif® d`h lqj”k d`juk

20. fof| ds` AksrkÍ d`h foospuk d`jrs gq,fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus d`gk ƒk fd`∏U;k;k¥; lafof| ds` e~r æCnkÍ eÍ thouœw∑`dùs d`k d`k;Z d`jrs gß =(A) gkW¥S≥M (B) xzs(C) lke≥M (D) vkWfLVu


21. fo'¥s".kRed` (Analytical)] ,sfrgkfld`,oa uSfrd` fof|ækL( (Historical andEthical Jurisprudence)] fof|ækL( ds`rhu fofHUu Hkx gß\ d`ƒukuqlkj—

(A) lke≥M(B) bgfjax(C) gkVZ(D) beSuqv¥ d`k≥V

22. ;»fi vkikrd`k¥ d`h mnΩ?ks".k ¥kxw gks]rƒkfi U;k;k¥;kÍ ds` ek÷;e ls fuEu-f¥f[r vf|d`kjkÍ d`k ôrZu fu¥fEcrugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS—(A) vuqPNsn 14, 19 vkSj 21

(B) vuqPNsn 20, 21 vkSj 22

(C) vuqPNsn 19 vkSj 21

(D) vuqPNsn 20 vkSj 21

23. laln vkSj mlds` lnL;kÍ d`h æfDr;kÍ]foæs"kf|d`kj vkSj mUeqfDr;kÍ (Immu-nities) ds` lEcU| eÍ ^ko|ku gS—(A) vuqPNsn–105 eÍ(B) vuqPNsn–106 eÍ(C) vuqPNsn–107 eÍ(D) vuqPNsn–194 eÍ

24. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l okn eÍ mPpreU;k;k¥; us iqf¥l vfHj”k eÍ ∂w`jrk ;kmRihÈMu (Cruelty or Torture) fd`,tkus d`ks vuqPNsn 21 d`k mY¥a?u crkrsgq, fuUnk d`h =(A) ≠`kafll d`ksjs¥h cuke fnY¥h la?”s((B) esud`k xka|h cuke Hkjr la?(C) ih\ jfrjke cuke Hkjr la?(D) vksYxk rsf¥l cuke cEcbZ E;qfu-fli¥ d`kWiksZjsæu

25. lafo|ku d`k d`kSulk vuqPNsn ;g mi-caf|r d`jrk gS fd` eaf(;kÍ }kjk jkÆV_ifrd`ks nh xbZ l¥kg d`h fd`lh U;k;k¥;}kjk tk∑p ugÓ d`h tk,xh`=(A) vuqPNsn–74(1)

(B) vuqPNsn–74(2)

(C) vuqPNsn–75

(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

26. laln eÍ n¥-cn¥ jksdùs gsrq vuqPNsn102 eÍ [≥M (2) rƒk nloÓ vuqlwphtksÈMh xbZ—

(A) lafo|ku ·42ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e1976 }kjk(B) lafo|ku ·44ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e1978 }kjk(C) lafo|ku ·52ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e1985 }kjk(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

27. Hkjr eÍ mPpre U;k;k¥; ds` vf|-d`kfjrk d`h o~f* d`h tk ld`rh gS%(A) Hkjr ds` eq“; U;k;k|hæ }kjk

(B) Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr }kjk(C) laln }kjk fof| cukd`j(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

28. ∏jkT; vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr vkSj lqj”k d`hvfHo~f* d`k ^;kl d`jsxkπ] micaf|rgS—(A) vuqPNsn–48 d` eÍ(B) vuqPNsn–49 eÍ(C) vuqPNsn–50 eÍ(D) vuqPNsn–51 eÍ

29. NnΩe fo|k;u (Colourable Legisla-tion) d`k fl*kUr ¥kxw gksrk gS] tc—

(A) fo|kf;d`k vius ”s(kf|d`kj ds`vUrxZr d`k;Z d`jrh gS(B) fo|kf;d`k vius ”s(kf|d`kj ls ckgjd`k;Z d`jrh gS(C) fo|kf;d`k ˜ijh rkSj ls vius”s(kf|d`kj ds` Hhrj d`k;Z d`jrh gS]tcfd` okLro eÍ lhekvkÍ d`k vfr∂è.d`jrh gS(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

30. ,l\ vkj\ cksEekbZ cuke Hkjr la?(1994) d`k eke¥k lEcfU|r gS—(A) lalnh; foæs"kf|d`kj ls

(B) ^sl d`h LorU(rk ls(C) jkÆV_ifr æklu d`h mnΩ?ks".k ls(D) lerk ds` vf|d`kj ls


lwph–I

(a) lafo|ku ·52ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e(b) lafo|ku ·86ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e(c) lafo|ku ·^ƒe laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e(d) lafo|ku ·93ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e

lwph–II

1. pquko eÍ vkj”.2. uoÓ vuqlwph3. nloÓ vuqlwph4. fæ”k d`k vf|d`kjdw`V #

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 3 4 1 2

(B) 3 4 2 1

(C) 4 3 2 1

(D) 2 4 1 3

32. ∏Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ] ,d` ,d`kRed`jkT; (Unitary State)] ftleÍ la?kRed`rRo lgk;d` Ôi eÍ] u fd` la?kRed`jkT;] ftleÍ ,d`kRed` rRo lgk;d` d`gstk ld`rs gß] d`k ^ko|ku gS\π] ;g d`ƒugS—(A) lj vkboj tsfuaXl d`k(B) ds`\ lh\ Ogs;j d`k

(C) ,\ oh\ Mk;lh d`k(D) ,l\ ,\ Mh\ fLeƒ d`k

33. ,\ vkj\ vUrq¥s cuke vkj\ ,l\ uk;d`(1988) d`k okn fuEuf¥f[r ls lEcfU|rgS%(A) vuqPNsn–12

(B) lafo|ku d`h ^Lrkouk(C) vuqPNsn–311

(D) vuqPNsn–368

34. lafo|ku d`k d`kSulk ^ko|ku dsÙnz ij;g nkf;Ro fuÔfir d`jrk gS fd` og ;glqfuf'pr d`js fd` jkT; d`h ljd`kjlafo|ku ds` ^ko|kukÍ ds` vuqÔi p¥k;htk jgh gS`=(A) vuqPNsn–352 (B) vuqPNsn–355

(C) vuqPNsn–356 (D) vuqPNsn–360

35. ‘^lkn d`k fl*kUr’ (Doctrine ofPleasure) ¥kxw gksrk gS—(A) vuqPNsn–15(4) ij(B) vuqPNsn–16(4) ij(C) vuqPNsn–356 ij(D) vuqPNsn–310 ij

36. lafo|ku d`h mˆsfæd`k (Preamble of theConstitution) Hkjr d`ks ?ksf"r d`jrhgS—(A) iaƒfujis” lektoknh ^HqRo lEiUu¥ksd`rU(kRed` x.jkT;(B) lektoknh iaƒfujis” ^HqRo lEiUu¥ksd`rU(kRed` x.jkT;(C) ^HqRo lEiUu iaƒfujis” lektoknh¥ksd`rU(kRed` x.jkT;(D) ^HqRo lEiUu lektoknh iaƒfujis”¥ksd`rU(kRed` x.jkT;

37. Hkjr ds` fu;a(d`-egk¥s[k ijh”d` d`hfu;qfDr fd`l ^ko|ku ds` vUrxZr gksrhgS =(A) vuqPNsn–48(B) vuqPNsn–147

(C) vuqPNsn–149

(D) vuqPNsn–148

38. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`ks ¥ksd` lHk ds`v÷;” }kjk viuk R;kxi( lEcksf|rd`juk pkfg,`=(A) jkÆV_ifr(B) ^|kuea(h(C) ¥ksd`lHk ds` mik÷;”(D) lalnh; d`k;ksÛ ds` ea(h

39. fuEuf¥f[r fjVkÍ eÍ ls d`kSulh fjV ds o¥U;kf;d` ,oa U;kf;d` d`Yi ^kf|d`kfj;kÍ ds`fo:* tkjh d`h tk ld`rh gS =(A) ijeknsæ (Mandamus)

(B) cUnh ^R;”hd`j. (Habeas Cor-pus)

(C) mR^s". (Certiorari)

(D) vf|d`kj i~PNk (Quo Warranto)


40. Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr d`k fuokZpu d`kSud`jrk gS`=(A) dsò¥ jkT; lHk ds` lnL;(B) dsò¥ ¥ksd`lHk ds` lnL;(C) laln ds`` nksukÍ lnukÍ ds` lnL;(D) jkT;kÍ ds` lHh fo|kue≥M¥kÍ ds`lnL;

41. nkf≥Md` fo";kÍ (Criminal) eÍ mPpreU;k;k¥; d`h vih¥h; vf|d`kfjrk fd`lvuqPNsn eÍ gS`=(A) 131 (B) 132

(C) 136 (D) 134

42. Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr d`ks ”ek (Pardon)^nku d`jus d`h æfDr fd`l vuqPNsn eÍ^kIr gS`=(A) 172 (B) 74

(C) 72 (D) 92

43. mPpre U;k;k¥; ds` fd`l fu.Z; ds`vuqlkj jkT; fd`lh xSj-lgk;rk ^kIrfuth O;kolkf;d` fæ”. laLƒku ijviuh vkj”. uhfr vkjksfir ugÓ d`jld`rk =(A) ,e\ ukxjkt cuke Hkjr la?(B) ih\ ,\ bZekunj cuke egkjkÆV_ jkT;(C) Vh\,e\,\ ikbZ œ`kmUMsæu cukedùkZVd` jkT;(D) bUnzk lkguh cuke Hkjr la?

44. la? vkSj jkT;kÍ ds` f¥, ¥ksd` lsokvk;ksx ds` xBu d`k mica| gS—(A) vuqPNsn–316 eÍ(B) vuqPNsn–319 eÍ(C) vuqPNsn–315 eÍ(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

45. Hkjr eÍ lE^Hq (Sovereign) d`kSu gS =(A) Hkjr d`k jkÆV_ifr(B) Hkjr d`k ^|kuea(h(C) efU(ifj"nΩ(D) ge Hkjr ds` ¥ksx

46. lsu≠`kaflLd`ks eÍ 1945 eÍ la;qDr jkÆV_pkVZj ij fd`rus jkT;kÍ us gLrk”j fd`,ƒs =(A) 41 (B) 15

(C) 51 (D) 52

47. vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`h ^ƒe efg¥kU;k;k|hæ d`k uke gS—(A) jkst¥hu fgfxUl(B) jkstk bZ\ vksVeckbZok(C) xsjV_;wM eksUxs¥k(D) lnkd`ks vksxkrk

48. vUrjkZÆV_h; fof| ds` vk|kj d`ks LiÆVd`jus ds` f¥, ‘iSDVklUV loZ≥Mk’ d`kfl*kUr ^frikfnr fd`;k x;k ƒk—(A) ds`Ylu }kjk (B) vksisugse }kjk(C) LVkdZ` }kjk (D) ,sUth¥ksVh }kjk

49. la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` fd`l vuqPNsn ds`v|hu lqj”k ifj"nΩ fd`lh jkT; ds`fo:* læL( c¥ d`k ^;ksx d`j ld`rhgS =(A) 42 (B) 45(C) 41 (D) 51

50. fd`lus d`gk ƒk] ∏,d` jkT; dsò¥ vkSjvuU; Ôi ls] ekU;rk }kjk gh vUrjkZÆV_h;O;fDr gS vkSj gksrk gSπ =(A) gkW¥S≥M (B) gk¥(C) vksisugse (D) LVkdZ`

51. la;qDr jkÆV_ fnol fd`l frfƒ d`ks euk;ktkrk gS =(A) 26 twu (B) 10 fnlEcj(C) 11 tq¥kbZ (D) 24 vDVwcj

52. vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; ds` ,d` U;k;k|hæd`ks gVk;k tk ld`rk gS—(A) lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` ^Lrko }kjk(B) egklHk ds` ^Lrko }kjk(C) egklfpo }kjk(D) æs" U;k;k|hækÍ d`h loZlEefr }kjk

53. fd`lus d`gk ƒk fd` ^ƒk ÔfÈ< (Custom)ds` ^kƒfed` pj. d`k ^frfuf|Ro d`jrhgS tgk∑ ^ƒk lekIr gksrh gS ogÓ ÔfÈ<^kjEH gksrh gS`=(A) LVkdZ` (B) czk;j¥h(C) gk¥ (D) xzksfæ;l

54. f}rh; fo'o ekuo vf|d`kj lEes¥u]1993 lEiUu gqvk—(A) fo;suk eÍ (B) isfjl eÍ(C) tsusok eÍ (D) ubZ fnY¥h eÍ

55. la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k us D;wck d`hp;ukRed` ukd`kcanh (Selection bloc-kade) d`c d`h ƒh =(A) vDVwcj] 1962

(B) fnlEcj] 1960

(C) flrEcj] 1962

(D) vDVwcj] 1963

56. ,LV_kMk d`k fl*kUr fd`lls lEcfU|r gS`=(A) gLr”si (Intervention)

(B) jkT; m®jkf|d`kj (State succes-sion)

(C) ÔfÈ< (Custom)

(D) ekU;rk (Recognition)

57. ;»fi la;qDr jkÆV_ pkVZj eÍ lnL;rk d`ksokil ¥sus d`k d`ksbZ fofæÆV mica| ugÓfd`;k x;k gS] fœ`j Hh fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls,d` us viuh lnL;rk okil ¥s ¥h ƒh—(A) Hkjr(B) bZjku(C) bjkd`(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

58. d`ƒu (A) : la;qDr jkÆV_ jkT;kÍ d`h la Hqlekurk ij vk|kfjr gS\

d`kj. (R) : lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` Lƒk;hlnL;kÍ d`ks ohVks d`k vf|d`kj gS\dw`V #(A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß vkSj

(R), (A) d`k LiÆVhd`j. gS(B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] fdÙrq

(R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j. ugÓgS

(C) (A) lgh gS] fdÙrq (R) x¥r gS(D) (A) x¥r gS] fdÙrq (R) lgh gS

59. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk vUrjkZÆV_h;fof| d`k ^kƒfed` Aksr gS =(A) U;kf;d` fu.Z;(B) vUrjkZÆV_h; fof|ækfL(;kÍ ds` ¥s[(C) vUrjkZÆV_h; ^ƒk,a(D) vUrjkZÆV_h; ÔfÈ<;k∑

60. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` fd`lvax ds` ikl la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` lnL;d`ks fud`k¥us vƒok fu¥fEcr d`jus d`hæfDr gS =(A) vkfƒZd` vkSj lkekftd` ifj"nΩ(B) lqj”k ifj"nΩ(C) vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥;(D) lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h laLrqfr;kÍ ijegklHk

61. la;qDr jkÆV_ ds` fd`rus fl*kUr vkafxd`vuqik¥u (Organic Observance) ds`f¥, ^frikfnr gß =(A) rhu (B) pkj(C) nks (D) ik∑p

62. vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; fd`lh eke¥s d`kslkE;k (Ex aequo et bono) ds` vk|kjij d`c fu.hZr d`j ld`rk gS =(A) ;fn U;k;k¥; vko';d` le>rk gS(B) ;fn U;k;k¥; d`k v÷;” ,slkpkgrk gS(C) ;fn egklHk U;k;k¥; ls fuosnud`jrh gS(D) ;fn lEcfU|r i”d`kj blds` f¥,lgefr nsrs gß

63. ;g er fd` vUrjkZÆV_h; fof|] fof| ugÓgS] vfirq ‘lkƒZd` vUrjkZÆV_h; uSfrd`rkgS’] ƒk—(A) vksisugkbe d`k (B) LVkdZ` d`k(C) gkW¥S≥M d`k (D) vkWfLVu d`k

64. fuEuf¥f[r U;k;k|hækÍ eÍ ls d`kSuviÎ`R; (Tort) eÍ iw.Z nkf;Ro ds`fl*kUr ds` fod`kl d`k ^rhd` ekuk tkrkgS`=(A) C¥Sd`cuZ ts\(B) ¥kWMZ MSfuax ,e\ vkj\(C) ¥kWMZ gSYlcjh(D) U;k;ewfrZ ih\ ,u\ Hxorh

65. ‘viÎ`R; eÍ jkT; ds` nkf;Ro’ ds` lUnHZeÍ jkT; ds` ‘^Hqrk lEiUu d`k;ksÛ’ ,oa


‘v^Hqrk lEiUu d`k;ksÛ’ ds` e÷; d`ksbZfoHsn ugÓ gS—fuEuf¥f[r okn eÍ d`gkx;k gS—(A) d`Lrwjh ¥k¥ cuke m\ ^\ jkT;(B) ukxjkt jko ,≥M dÈiuh cukevkU|z ^nsæ jkT;(C) jktLƒku jkT; cuke fo»korh(D) mi;qZDr lHh

66. viÎ`R; fof| ls lEcfU|r ‘d`cwrj [kusd`k fl*kUr’ (Pigeon Hole Theory) d`ksfuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus ^frikfnr fd`;kgS`=(A) fouœ`hYM (B) v≥Mj fg¥(C) lke≥M (D) Œ¥sfeax

67. ;ksxnk;h mis”k (Contributory negli-gence) ls lEcfU|r fuEuf¥f[r fd`lokn eÍ U;k;k¥; us loZ ƒe ,d` fl*kUrd`ks ¥kxw fd`;k ƒk vkSj ftls ‘vfUrevolj d`k fu;e’ ds uke ls tkuk x;k`=(A) cVjœ`hYM cuke œ`ksjsLVj(B) Msohl cuke eku(C) ,MfejYVh d`fe'ulZ cuke ,l\,l\ okWY;wV(D) fczfVæ d`ks¥fEc;k b¥sfDV_d` js¥oscuke ¥ksæ

68. ,d` ekf¥d` lsod` }kjk d`kfjr fd`;s x;sviÎ`R; ds` f¥, nk;h gksrk gS] tclsod` d`k;Z d`jrk gS—(A) vius ekf¥d` ds` ¥kH ds` f¥,(B) vius d`k;Z ds` ?≥VkÍ ds` le;(C) fu;kstu ds` vuq∂è eÍ(D) oknh d`ks ”frd`kfjr d`jus gsrq

69. viÎ`R; mY¥a?u (Infringement) gS—(A) O;fDrca|h vf|d`kj d`k(B) loZca|h vf|d`kj d`k(C) nksukÍ O;fDrca|h rƒk loZca|hvf|d`kj d`k(D) u rks O;fDrca|h vkSj u gh loZca|hvf|d`kj d`k

70. ∏;fn d`k;Z fof|iw.Z ƒk] rc gsrq fd`rukHh cqjk D;kÍ u gks] ^froknh d`ks og d`k;Zd`jus d`k vf|d`kj ƒk\π ;g mfDrfuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ,d` okn eÍ U;k;k¥;us O;Dr d`h ƒh—(A) es;j vkWœ` czSMœ`MZ d`kWiksZjsæu cukefid`Yl(B) ,s'ch cuke ÿkbV(C) f∂`LVh cuke Msoh(D) gkW¥hoqM flYoj œ`kWDl œ`kWeZ f¥\cuke ,sesV

71. vksf¥;e xSl fjlko eke¥s ds` fo|k;hifj.keLoÔi Hkjrh; laln us ,d` fof|d`ks vf|fu;fer fd`;k ƒk\ fuEuf¥f[r eÍls og d`kSulk fo|ku ƒk =(A) jkÆV_h; i;kZoj. vf|d`j. vf|-fu;e

(B) ifjlad`V vifæÆV ·^ca|u ,oagƒk¥u‚ vf|fu;e(C) ¥ksd` nkf;Ro chek vf|fu;e(D) Hksik¥ xSl foHhf"d`k ·nkok-d`k;Zokgh‚ vf|fu;e

72. ‘Lor# vuq;ksT;’ viÎ`R; os viÎ`R;gß—(A) ftueÍ oknh d`ks foæs" gkfu fl*d`juh gksxh(B) ftueÍ nkf;Ro fcuk vkæ; ;k mis”kds` mRiUu gksrk gS(C) ftueÍ fd`lh ¥ksd` vf|d`kj d`kvfr¥a?u gksrk gS] ftlls d`ksbZ fofæÆVgkfu Hh gqbZ gS(D) ftueÍ oknh okn ¥k ld`rk gS ;»fimls okLrfod` gkfu ugÓ mBkuh iÈMh gS

73. ‘nSohÎ`R;’ (Act of God) d`k vioknfd`l fu;e ds` lkƒ tksÈMk x;k ƒk =(A) d`Bksj nkf;Ro d`k fl*kUr(B) iw.Z nkf;Ro d`k fl*kUr(C) vaænku d`k fl*kUr(D) la;qDr ”frd`rkZ

74. ekugkfu ds viÎ`R; eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ lsd`kSulk cpko mfpr fVIi.h d`k vko';d`rRo gS`=1. ftl fo"; ij fVIi.h d`h tk jgh

gS] og ¥ksd`fgr d`k gksuk pkfg,\2. ;g rF; d`k ,d` nkok gksuk pkfg,\3. bleÍ fopkjkÍ d`h vfHO;fDr gksuh

pkfg,\4. fVIi.h mfpr ·U;k;ksfpr‚ gksuh

pkfg,\uhps fn, x;s dw`V eÍ ls lgh m®jlads`frr d`hft,—

(A) 1, 2, 3 vkSj 4 (B) 1, 3 vkSj 4(C) 1 vkSj 2 (D) 2 vkSj 3

75. viÎ`R; ds f¥, mfpr mipkj d`hd`k;Zokgh gS—(A) O;knsæ (Injunction)

(B) vfH;kstu (Prosecution)

(C) vifjfu|kZfjr uqd`lkuh(D) lHh lgh gß

76. jktiƒ ds` fdùkjs ij cPpkÍ d`k Ldw`¥ gS\tc d`”k,a p¥ jgh gß] nks cPps jktiƒij ?we jgs gß\ ,d` V_d` lkekU; xfr lsjktiƒ ij p¥ jgk gS\ cPpkÍ d`ks VDd`jls cpkus eÍ V_d` cS¥xkÈMh ls Vd`jk tkrkgS] ,d` O;fDr ?k;¥ gks tkrk gS] cS¥ej tkrs gß vkSj V_d` d`ks Hh ”fr igq∑prhgS\ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh mfDrnkf;Ro d`ks lgh LoÔi eÍ vfHfu|kZfjrd`jrh gS =(A) Ldw`¥ ^æklu nkf;Rok|hu gS] D;kÍfdòs mis”kiw.Z d`k;Z d`j jgs ƒs(B) V_d` d`k pk¥d` nkf;Rok|hu ƒk]D;kÍfd` mlus lrdZ`rk ls d`k;Z ugÓ fd`;k

(C) cS¥xkÈMh pk¥d` nkf;Rok|hu ƒk]D;kÍfd` mlus mfpr lrdZ`rk ugÓ cjrh(D) cPps nkf;Rok|hu gß] mUgkÍus nq?ZVukls vaænku fn;k

77. viÎ`R; fof| eÍ d`Bksj nkf;Ro (Strictliability) d`k vƒZ gS—(A) nkf;Ro tks cgqr d`ÈMk gS(B) fd`lh Hh [rjukd` d`k;Zd`¥ki ds`f¥, nkf;Ro(C) nkf;Ro ftls Lƒkfir d`jus gsrqx¥rh fn[kuk vko';d` ugÓ gS(D) lkewfgd` viÎ`R; ds` f¥, nkf;Ro

78. ;wlwiksœ` cuke ,e\ th\ ,e\ fiDplZ f¥\fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ij vxzfu.Z;(Leading case) gS =(A) ekugkfu (Defamation)

(B) mis”k (Negligence)

(C) vaænk;h mis”k (ContributoryNegligence)

(D) d`Bksj nkf;Ro (Strict liability)

79. d`ƒu (A) : viÎ`R; nkf;Ro rƒk vki-jkf|d` nkf;Ro dq`N ckrkÍ eÍ ,d` ls gß\d`kj. (R) : D;kÍfd` nksukÍ gh ,sls d`rZO;ij vk|kfjr gß] ftld`k fu|kZj. fof|}kjk gksrk gS] vkSj tks lHh ds` ˜ijleku Ôi ls ¥kxw gksrh gS\dw`V #(A) nksukÍ (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß]

ijUrq (R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j.ugÓ gS

(B) nksukÍ (A) rƒk (R) lgh gß] vkSj(R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j. gS

(C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS(D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS

80. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh lhek LosPNk lsmBk;h xbZ gkfu ds` fu;e ds` f¥, lghugÓ gS =(A) lgefr LorU( gksuh pkfg,(B) vfof|d` d`k;ksÛ ds` f¥, nh xbZlgefr] lgefr ugÓ gS(C) cpko ds` eke¥kÍ eÍ nh xbZ lgefr]lgefr ugÓ gS(D) [rjs d`h vR;f|d` tkud`kjh [rjsd`k iwokZuqeku ugÓ gS

81. ‘v’ efg¥k egkfo»k¥; ds` xsV ds` ikl[ÈMk gksd`j v'¥h¥ xkus xkrk gS\ mlusd`kSulk vijk| fd`;k gS=(A) ge¥k (Assault)(B) L(h d`h ¥Ttk Hax d`juk(C) vkijkf|d` vfH(kl (Criminalintimidation)

(D) v'¥h¥ d`k;Z (Obcenity)

82. vkijkf|d` nkf;Ro d`k ;g fl*kUr fd`—∏dsò¥ Î`R; gh nks"iw.Z ugÓ] vfirqeu#fLƒfr Hh nks"iw.Z gksuh pkfg,\πfod`flr fd`;k ƒk—


(A) lkE; U;k;k¥; }kjk(B) lkekU; U;k;k¥; (Common LawCourts) }kjk(C) LVkj psEcj U;k;k¥; }kjk(D) D;wfj;k jsftl }kjk

83. xksjkpan xksih cuke vkj vxz.h fu.Z;gS—(A) ikx¥iu (Insanity) ij(B) lkekU; vkæ; (Common inten-tion) ij(C) lkekU; mˆs'; (Common object)ij(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

84. ifr }kjk iRuh d`h bPNk ds` fo:* fd`;sx;s lEHksx d`ks c¥kRd`kj (Rape) d`kvijk| gksus ds` f¥, iRuh d`h vk;q gksuhpkfg,—

(A) 17 o"Z ls dè (B) 15 o"Z ls dè(C) 16 o"Z ls dè (D) 18 o"Z ls dè

85. d`ƒu ( A ) : mR^sj. ds` vijk| d`ksLƒkfir d`jus ds` f¥, ;g vko';d` ugÓgS fd` mR^sfjr vijk| fd`;k tk,\d`kj. (R) : D;kÍfd` vijk| d`k mR^sj.Lo;a eÍ ,d` vijk| gS\dw`V #(A) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS

(B) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS

(C) nksukÍ (A) rƒk (R) lgh gß] vkSj(R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j. gS

(D) nksukÍ (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß]ijUrq (R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j.ugÓ gS

86. ‘X’ rƒk ‘Y’ eÍ ‘Z’ ds` ed`ku eÍ pksjhd`jus d`h lgefr gqbZ] ¥sfdù okLro eÍpksjh ugÓ d`h x;h\ os ¥ksx nks"h gß—(A) fd`lh vijk| (Offence) ds` f¥;sugÓ(B) "MΩ;U( ds` }kjk nqÆ^sj. ds` f¥,

(C) md`lkus }kjk nqÆ^sj. ds` f¥,

(D) vkijkf|d` "MΩ;U( (Criminalconspiracy) ds` f¥,


lwph–I

(a) ^frj”k ds` Ôi eÍ fp® foÎ`fr(b) lkekU; vkæ;(c) vko';d`rk(d) Hw¥-^frj”k ds` Ôi eÍ

lwph–II

1. lezkVΩ cuke cjsUnz dqèkj ?ks"2. vkj\ cuke eSdùkVu3. Hkoksthokth cuke eq¥th n;k¥4. vkj\ cuke MwM¥s ,oa LVhœù

dw`V #(a) (b) (c) d)

(A) 1 2 3 4

(B) 2 1 4 3

(C) 3 2 4 1

(D) 4 3 1 2

88. ‘B’ d`ks ‘Z’ d`k ?j t¥kus ds` f¥, ‘A’md`lkrk gS\ ‘B’ ml ?j d`ks vkx ¥xknsrk gS vkSj mlh le; ogk∑ ls lEif®d`h pksjh Hh d`jrk gS\ bl eke¥s eÍ—(A) ‘A’ ?j eÍ vkx ¥xkd`j pksjh d`jusd`k nks"h gS(B) ‘A’ ;»fi ?j t¥kus eÍ nqÆ^sj.d`k nks"h gS] ijUrq pksjh ds` nqÆ^sj. d`knks"h ugÓ gS(C) ‘A’ ?j t¥kus vkSj pksjh d`jusnksukÍ vijk| ds` nqÆ^sj. d`k nks"h gS\(D) ‘A’ u rks ?j t¥kus vkSj u pksjhds` nqÆ^sj. d`k nks"h gS

89. dq`N ;q* la¥Xu vkradòknh ,d` O;fDrds` ed`ku eÍ fNis gq, gß\ ;q* la¥Xuvkradòknh ed`ku ls iqf¥l ds` ˜ijœ`k;fjax d`jds` vk∂è. d`j jgs gß\ iqf¥lus viuh lqj”k eÍ ed`ku d`h vksj xks¥hp¥kbZ] ftlls ed`ku ds` ,d` funksZ"O;fDr d`ks xks¥h ¥x xbZ vkSj mld`he~R;q gks xbZ\ iqf¥l ds` ¥ksx nks"h gß—(A) fd`lh vijk| ds` f¥, ugÓ] D;kÍfdòs O;fDrxr ^frj”k ds` vf|d`kj d`knkok d`j ld`rs gß(B) lnks" ekuoo|(C) gR;k (Murder)

(D) mis”k vƒok rhoz d`k;Z ls e~R;q ds`f¥,

90. A vkSj B ,d` uko ij tk jgs ƒs\vpkud` uko Mwcus ¥xh\ A us B d`ks<ds`¥ fn;k vkSj viuh tku cpk ¥h\ BMwc x;k—(A) A us B d`ks <ds`¥us eÍ lgh fd`;kD;kÍfd` ;g vko';d`rk d`k d`k;Z ƒk(B) futh lqj”k ds` vfrfjDr fd`lh Hhvko';d`rk eÍ fd`lh d`h tku ¥sukU;k;ksfpr ugÓ gS(C) A d`k d`k;Z ck÷;rk ds` vUrxZrfd`;k x;k(D) mi;qZDr lHh x¥r gß

91. ‘fM fefuel ukWu D;wjsV ¥sDl’ ·fof|rqPN ckrkÍ ij ÷;ku ugÓ nsrh‚ fl*kUrij lkekU; viokn gS—(A) rqPN vigkfu (Triviallity)

(B) nq?ZVuk (Accident)

(C) lEefr (Consent)

(D) vkRej”k (Self-defence)

92. loksZPp U;k;k¥; d`k fu.Z; jkT; cukees;j gkUl tktZ ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 1965,l\ lh\ 722 tkuk tkrk gS—

(A) lkekftd`-vkfƒZd` vijk|kÍ d`hfof|;kÍ d`h d`Bksj O;k“;k ds` f¥,(B) fLƒfr;k∑ ftueÍ vkijkf|d` eu#-fLƒfr ·nqjkæ;‚ d`k lkads`frd` otZufd`;k tk ld`rk gS(C) vkijkf|d` eu#fLƒfr d`k otZu ud`juk tc rd` fof| lkœ æCnkÍ eÍ ,slku pkgs(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

93. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l okn eÍ mPpreU;k;k¥; us vfHfu|kZfjr fd`;k gS fdìRuh ls fujUrj ngst d`h ek∑x d`jukmlds` ^fr ∂w`jrk gS =(A) gœ`htqfUulk cuke eksgEen ;klhu[k∑(B) eksgEen vgen [k∑ cuke ækg ckuks(C) vuqjk|k cuke MkW\ Jhd`kUr(D) fu>kou cuke fu>kou

94. ∏^R;sd` lafof| eÍ nqjkæ; vUrfuZfgrekuk tkrk gS tc rd` fd` blds ^frdw ¥fl* ugÓ d`j fn;k tkrk gS\π ;g erfuEu okn eÍ O;Dr fd`;k x;k ƒk—(A) gkfMÛx cuke ^kbl(B) vkj\ cuke MwM¥s(C) æsjkt cuke Ms :VΩtsu(D) vkj\ cuke f¥ieSu

95. ‘A’, ‘B’ d`ks ‘C’ d`h gR;k d`jus ds` f¥,md`lkrk gS\ ‘B’ ,slk d`jus ls euk d`jnsrk gS\ bl eke¥s eÍ ‘A’ nkf;Rok|hugS—(A) fd`lh Hh vijk| d`k nks"h ugÓ gS(B) ‘B’ d`ks gR;k d`jus ds` f¥,md`lkus d`k nks"h gS(C) gR;k d`k nks"h gS(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

96. lkekU; mˆs'; d`ks vxzlj d`jus ds` f¥,dè-ls-dè O;fDr;kÍ d`h la“;k D;k gS =(A) 2 ;k 2 ls vf|d`(B) 4 O;fDr(C) 5 ;k 5 ls vf|d`(D) O;fDr;kÍ d`h la“;k fuf'pr ugÓ gS

97. ‘A’ d`Hh-d`Hh ‘C’ d`h iRuh ds` lkƒfcuk ‘C’ d`h lgefr ls lEHksx d`jrkgS\ Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk d`h fd`l |kjk eÍ‘C’ mipkj ^kIr d`j ld`rk gS =(A) 494 (B) 495(C) 496 (D) 497

98. ,d` efg¥k ds` llqj ,oa lkl mlds`fo:* ngst gsrq ∂w`jrk d`jrs gß\ osfuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrkd`h fd`l |kjk ds` vUrxZr nks"h gkÍxs =(A) |kjk 323 (B) |kjk 350(C) |kjk 349 (D) |kjk 498 A

99. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l vijk| ds` fo:*æjhj d`h futh ^frj”k d`k vf|d`kje~R;qd`kfjr d`jus rd` foLr~r ugÓ gS`=


(A) c¥kRlax (Rape)

(B) ^Î`fr fo:* d`ker~Æ.k d`h r~fIr(C) xHZikr d`kfjr d`juk (CausingMiscarriage)

(D) O;igj. (Kidnapping)

100. Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk ds` ^ko|ku fuEu-f¥f[r frfƒ ls ô~® gq,—

(A) 30 uoEcj] 1861(B) 1 tuojh] 1862(C) 1 tq¥kbZ] 1862(D) 31 fnlEcj] 1862

101. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk dìV (Fraud)d`k vko';d` rRo ugÓ gS`=(A) ;g nwljs i”d`kj d`ks |ks[k nsus ds`vkæ; ls fd`;k tkuk pkfg,(B) feF;k d`ƒu d`jus ok¥k O;fDrtkurk gS fd` d`ƒu feF;k gS(C) ;g lafonk ds` ,d` i”d`kj }kjk ghfd`;k tkuk pkfg,(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

102. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk okn lafonk(Frustration) uSjk'; ls lEcfU|r gS =(A) d`kjf¥¥ cuke d`kjcksf¥d` Leksd`ck¥ dÈiuh(B) gsM¥s cuke cSDlUMs¥(C) Msjh cuke ihd`(D) jktk |zqonso pUnz cuke gjeksfgUnjflag ,oa vU;

103. ‘B’ ds` f¥, ‘A’ ,d` jaxfp( cukus d`kopu nsrk gS\ rRi'pkrΩ ‘B’, ‘A’ d`ksjaxfp( cukus ls euk d`j nsrk gS\ ‘A’ml opu ds` ik¥u ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[rfd`l |kjk ds` vUrxZr vkc* ugÓ gS =(A) |kjk–63 (B) |kjk–62(C) |kjk–64 (D) |kjk–65

104. d`ƒu (A) : lafonk d`k ,d` i”d`kj ds`vuqik¥u ds` i”d`kj ds` Ôi eÍ blvk|kj ij vius d`ks mUeqDr d`jk ld`rkgS fd` mlds` ikl Hqxrku d`jus ds` f¥,d`ksbZ |u vƒok lEif® ugÓ gS\d`kj. (R) : vlEHo d`k;Z d`ks fd`;s tkusd`k d`jkj vius vki eÍ æwU; gS vkSjnksukÍ i”d`kj HfoÆ; ds` vuqik¥u d`ksfuÆikfnr d`jus ls mUeqDr gß\uhps fn, x, dw`V eÍ ls lgh m®jlads`frr d`hft,—

dw`V #(A) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß rƒk

(R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS(B) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] ijUrq

(R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS(C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS(D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS

105. ‘A’ d`ks Kkr gS fd` mlds` ?ksÈMs ds` [qj”frxzLr gß] mlus bld`ks ,sls Hj fn;kfd` [jkch ek¥we ugÓ gks ld`rh gS vkSj

bld`ks ‘B’ d`ks csp fn;k\ ;g [jkch ckneÍ ‘B’ d`ks irk p¥ x;h\ ‘A’ d`k d`k;Zgksxk—(A) vlR; lq>ko (A false sugges-tion)

(B) okLrfod` rF;kÍ d`ks lf∂`;rk lsfNikuk(C) nqO;Zinsæu (Misrepresentation)

(D) Hw¥ (Mistake)

106. lwph–I d`ks lwph–II ds` lkƒ lqesf¥rd`hft, rƒk lwfp;kÍ ds` uhps fn, x;sdw`V d`h lgk;rk ls lgh m®j pqfu,—

lwph–I

(a) jkelxsV foDVksfj;k gksV¥ da`\cuke ekÍfVfœ`;ksj

(b) fVUu cuke gksœèsUu(c) gk˜l gksYM œ`k;j bU';ksjsUl da`\

cuke xzk≥V(d) fœ`p cuke LusMd`j

lwph–II

1. LohÎ`fr rc iw.Z gks tkrh gS tcLohÎ`fr d`k i( Mkd` eÍ Mk¥ fn;ktkrk gS\

2. ^fr ^Lrko ls lafonk ugÓ curh gS\3. ^Lrko d`k lapkj d`k vfHR;tu

ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\4. ^Lrko d`h LohÎ`fr eÍ v;qfDr;qDr

fo¥Ec bld`ks lekIr d`jus d`kd`kj. gksrk gS\

dw`V #(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 1 2 3 4

(B) 4 2 1 3

(C) 3 4 2 1

(D) 2 3 1 4

107. A, B d`ks ;g opu nsrk gS fd` og C d`ks10,000:\ d`k Hqxrku d`jsxk\ A, C d`ks;g |ujkfæ ugÓ nsrk gS\ A d`ks Hqxrkud`jus ds` f¥, ck÷; fd`;k tk ld`rkgS—(A) dsò¥ B ds` }kjk(B) dsò¥ C ds` }kjk(C) B vkSj C ds` }kjk ,d` lkƒ(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

108. O;kikj vojks|kƒZ d`jkj æwU; gS] ;fnbuds` }kjk ¥xk;k tkrk gS—

(A) iw.Z ^frca|

(B) viw.Z ^frca|

(C) nksukÍ (A) vkSj (B) lgh gß(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

109. A, B d`ks tks ,d` U;k;k|hæ gS] okn d`ksvius i” eÍ fu.Z; nsus ds` f¥, ipklgtkj :i;s nsus d`k opu nsrk gS\ ;g,d`—(A) oS| lafonk (Valid contract) gS

(B) æwU;d`j.h; lafonk (Voidablecontract) gS(C) æwU; lafonk (Void contract) gS(D) voS| d`jkj (Illegal agreement)gS

110. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`ƒu lghugÓ gS =(A) voS| vuqca| laikf'Zod` laO;ogkjd`ks ^Hkfor d`jrk gS(B) ^frœ`¥ jfgr vuqca| æwU; gS(C) ^frœ`¥ dsò¥ ^frKkx~ghrk }kjk ghfn;k tkuk pkfg,(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

111. ∏,d` O;fDr d`ks fd`lh nwljs O;fDr d`hd`her ij vU;k;iw.Z |uh ugÓ gksus fn;ktk,xk\π ;g fl*kUr d`gk tkrk gS—(A) ^frœ`¥ jfgr d`jkj (Nudumpactum)

(B) lafonk d`Yi (Quasi-Contract)

(C) ftruk d`ke mruk nke (QuantumMerit)

(D) ewY;kuqlkj d`her (Quantum-Valebat)

112. A, B vkSj C N¥-dìV }kjk ^kIr fd`;stkus ok¥s ¥kHkÍ d`ks vkil eÍ c∑Vokjs ds`f¥, ,d` d`jkj d`jrs gß—(A) d`jkj æwU; gS(B) d`jkj oS| gS(C) d`jkj æwU;d`j.h; gS(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

113. ‘A’, ‘B’ d`k )`.h gS] fdÙrq og )`.ifjlhek vf|fu;e }kjk ckf|r gS\ ‘A’ml )`. ds` f¥, ‘B’ d`ks nl gtkj:i;s nsus d`k f¥f[r opu gLrk”fjrd`jrk gS\ ;g d`jkj—

(A) oS| (Valid) gS(B) æwU; (Void) gS(C) æwU;d`j.h; (Voidable) gS(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

114. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu foÎ`r fp®(Unsound mind) ugÓ gS =(A) ikx¥ (Insane)

(B) eancqf* (Idiot)

(C) æjkc ds` uæs eÍ |qr O;fDr(Drunkard)


115. nqd`ku d`h v¥ekjh ·æks ds`l‚ eÍ d`herd`h iphZ ¥xkd`j ek¥ ^nfæZr d`jus d`kvƒZ gS—(A) ^Lƒkiuk (Offer) d`juk(B) ^Lƒkiuk d`k ^frxzg. (Accep-tance for offer)

(C) ^Lƒkiuk ds` f¥, vkeU(. (Invi-tation to offer)



116. ^Hkoh rF; d`h Hw¥ ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[reÍ ls d`kSulk visf”r gS =(A) Hw¥ nksukÍ i”d`kjkÍ d`h gksuh pkfg,(B) rF; vuqca| ds` f¥, vko';d` gksukpkfg,(C) Hw¥ fo»eku rF; d`h gksuh pkfg,(D) mi;qZDr lHh

117. ,d` vo;Ld` 20,000 ds` d`tZ ds` f¥,tks vius fæ”k ds` f¥, f¥;k ƒk]lkgwd`kj ·¥sunkj‚ ds` i” eÍ viuk ?jcU|d` fd`;k\ lkgwd`kj us lank; d`h ek∑xd`h ftls vo;Ld` us lank; d`jus ls eukd`j fn;k\ lgh fof|d` fLƒfr d`ks bafxrd`hft,—

(A) ,d` vo;Ld` )`. Hqxrku ds` f¥,vkc* ugÓ gS] D;kÍfd` lafonk æwU; gS(B) lkgwd`kj )`. d`h olw¥h vo;Ld`d`h lEink ls d`j ld`rk gS(C) vo;Ld` )`. d`k Hqxrku d`jus ds`f¥, O;fDrxr Ôi ls vkc* gS(D) vo;Ld` cU|d` ls vkc* gksxk ufd` )`. ls

118. tcfd` fd`lh d`jkj ds` f¥, lEefr]îhÈMu vlE;d` vlj] dìV ;k feF;kO;insæu ls d`kfjr gks rc og d`jkj,slh lafonk gS] tks ml i”d`kj ds` fod`Yiij æwU;d`j.h; gS] ftld`h lEefr ,slsd`kfjr gqbZ ƒh\ fuEuf¥f[r ls fd`l |kjkds` vUrxZr gS`=(A) |kjk 19(B) |kjk 19 d`(C) |kjk 19 vkSj 19 d`(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ |kjk ugÓ

119. ∏¥ksdùhfr ,d` fcxÈMS¥ ?ksÈMk (Unrulyhorse) gS] vkSj tc d`ksbZ bl ij pÈ<rkgS rks ;g d`gk∑ ¥s tk,xk bls d`ksbZ ugÓtkurk\π ;g d`ƒu fuEuf¥f[r fd`lokn ls lEcfU|r gS =(A) ?s:¥k¥ cuke egknsonkl(B) fjpMΩZlu cuke esf¥æ(C) œsÙMj cuke tkWu feYMe;s(D) ,xZVu cuke czk˜u¥ks

120. ‘A’ d`bZ ^d`kj ds` rs¥kÍ d`k O;kikj d`jrkgS\ ‘B’ d`ks ‘A’ ,d` lkS Vu rs¥ cspus d`kd`jkj d`jrk gS\ d`jkj æwU; gS] D;kÍfd`—(A) ;g vfuf'pr gS(B) ^frœ`¥ jfgr gS(C) LorU( lEefr ugÓ gS(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

m®j O;k“;k lfgr


næZuækL(

vkj\ ,\ ,l\/vkj\ Vh\ ,l\ ·^kjfEHd`‚ ijh{kk] 7-1-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

1. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk fod`Yi lghgS=(A) rdZòkD; ;k rks lR; gksrs gß ;kvlR; gksrs gß(B) rdZòkD; (Propositions) lnSolR; gh gksrs gß(C) lHh ^d`kj ds` okD; rdZòkD;gksrs gß(D) lHh ^d`kj ds` okD; ;k rks lR;gksrs gß ;k vlR; gksrs gß

2. ‘d`ksbZ Hh d`ƒu ;k rks lR; gksrk gS;k vlR; gksrk gS’\mi;qZDr d`ƒu gS—(A) fo|k;d` mH;r# ikæ(B) rknkRE; (Identify) d`k fu;e(C) e÷; ifjgkj fu;e(D) O;k?kr (Contradiction) d`kfu;e

3. ikjEifjd` fojks| oxZ ds` vuqlkj tcleku mˆs'; vkSj fo|s; ok¥s nksrdZòkD; ,d` lkƒ lR; ugÓ gksld`rs ;»fi os vlR; gks ld`rs gß]rks os d`g¥krs gß—(A) O;k?krh (Contradictory)

(B) mikJ;. (Sub-alternation)

(C) fo:* (Sub-contrary)

(D) foijhr (Contrary)

4. lHh jktusrk vlR;Hk"h (Liars) gß\d`ksbZ Hh lUr vlR;Hk"h ugÓ gS\∴ dq`N lUr jktusrk ugÓ gß\fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fod`Yimi;qZDr fujis” U;k;okD; (Cate-gorical Syllogism) ds` f¥, lghgS—(A) vO;kIr e÷;e in nks"(B) l®kRed` nks" (Fallacy)(C) U;k;;qfDr oS| gS(D) fu"s|kRed` vk|kjokD; nks"

5.

P – MM – SS – P

;g n~ÆVkUr gS—

(A) ^ƒe vkÎ`fr d`k(B) f}rh; vkÎ`fr d`k(C) r~rh; vkÎ`fr d`k(D) prqƒZ vkÎ`fr d`k

6. ‘I’ rdZòkD; d`k ^frifjofrZr (Con-trapositive) gS—(A) A

(B) E

(C) d`ksbZ Hh oS| ^frifjofrZr ugÓ(D) O

7. EIO–2

mi;qZDr U;k;;qfDr-vkd`kj eÍ d`kSulkrdZ`nks" gS=(A) oS|-d`ksbZ rdZ` nks" ugÓ(B) vfu;fer veq“; in nks"(C) fu"s|kRed` vk|kjokD; nks"(D) l®kRed` nks"

8. fuEukad`r js[kfp(kÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk ‘A’fu:ikf|d` rdZòkD; d`ks ^Lrqrd`jrk gS=

(A)S

X

P

(B)S P

(C)S P

(D)S

X

P

9. fd`lh oS| osu js[kfp( eÍ #(1) ge rhu xks¥kd`kjkÍ d`ks ijLij

d`kVrs gq, fpf(r d`jrs gß(2) ge dsò¥ vk|kjokD;kÍ d`ks gh

fpf(r d`jrs gß(3) ge lnSo eq“; vk|kjokD; d`ks

ig¥s fpf(r d`jrs gß(4) ge lnSo loZO;kih vk|kjokD;

d`ks ig¥s fpf(r d`jrs gßuhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,lgh m®j pqfu,%(A) (1) vkSj (3)

(B) (1), (2) vkSj (3)

(C) (1), (2) vkSj (4)

(D) (1), (3) vkSj (4)

10. leku mˆs'; vkSj fo|s; ok¥s nksfu:ikf|d` rdZòkD;] tks xq. vkSjifjek. nksukÍ eÍ fHUu gß] ds` e÷;fojks| d`g¥krk gS—(A) foijhr (Contrary)

(B) fo:* (Subcontrary)

(C) miJ;. (Subalternation)

(D) O;k?kr (Contradiction)

11.p q

T T TT F TF T TF F F

mi;qZDr lR;rkf¥d`k fuEukafd`r eÍ lsfd`ld`k lR;œ`¥u gS=(A) fod`Yi (Disjunction)

(B) la;kstu (Conjunction)

(C) vkiknu (Implication)

(D) fu"s| (Negation)

12. la;kstu fuEuf¥f[r lajpuk eÍ lsfd`leÍ lR; gksrk gS=(A) F – F (B) T – T

(C) T – F (D) F – T

13. p ⊃ q∴ p ⊃ (p · q)

mi;qZDr n~ÆVkUr gS—(A) iwoZorΩ vuqeku (ModusPonens) d`k(B) lj¥hd`j. (Simplification)d`k(C) lefo¥;u (Absorption) d`k(D) la;kstu (Conjunction) d`k

14. ;fn A vkSj B lR; gß rƒk X vkSjY vlR; gß rks fuEuf¥f[r la;qDrd`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk vlR; gS=(A) (X ⊃ (X ⊃ Y)(B) (X ⊃ Y) ⊃ (~ X ⊃ ~ Y)(C) (A ⊃ X) ⊃ Y(D) A ⊃ (B ⊃ Y)

15. p ∨ q

~ p

∴ q

mi;qZDr ;qfDr vkd`kj n~ÆVkUr gS—(A) oSd`fYid` U;k;;qfDr d`k(B) gsrqgsrqenΩ U;k;;qfDr d`k


(C) fu:ikf|d` U;k;;qfDr d`k(D) vkxeukRed` ;qfDr d`k

16. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk œ`¥okD;fo|ku nks" gS=(A) p ⊃ q

p

∴ q

(B) p ⊃ q

p

∴ q

(C) p ⊃ q

q

∴ p

(D) p ⊃ q

~ q

∴ p

17. ~ (p · q) ≡ (~ p V ~ q)

mi;qZDr d`ƒu mnkgj. gS—(A) la;kstu (Conjunction) d`k(B) ;ksx (Addition) d`k(C) iqudZ`ƒu (Tautology) d`k(D) O;k?kr (Contradiction) d`k

18. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ‘O’ rdZ`-okD; gS=(A) (∃X) (φ X ~ ψ X)

(B) (X) (φ X ⊃ ψ X)

(C) (X) (φ X ⊃ ~ ψ X)

(D) (∃X) (φ X · ψ X)

19. (X) (φ X ⊃ ~ ∪ X) vkSj (∃X) (φX ~ ψ X)

ikjLifjd` fojks| oxZ ds` vuqlkjmi;qZDr ^rhd`kRed` vfHO;fDr;kÍ eÍfojks| gS—(A) foijhr (B) fo:*(C) mikJ;. (D) O;k?kr

20. p · q

∴ p

mi;qZDr gS—(A) la;kstu(B) iwoZorΩ vuqeku(C) ;ksx(D) lj¥hd`j.

21. ‘f(oxZ’ ds` vuqlkj gekjs lsou d`klk÷; gS—(A) |eZ(B) vƒZ(C) |ekZfJr d`ke(D) d`ke ek(

22. ‘iq:"kƒZ prqÆVΩ;’ ds` vuqlkj eks”d`k rkRi;Z gS—(A) nq#[kÍ d`k vkR;fUrd` ukæ(B) bZ'oj-lk”kRd`kj(C) LoxZ d`h ^kfIr(D) lq[ d`h ^kfIr

23. ‘)`.’ d`h vo|kj.k d`k lEcU| gS—(A) cz©p;kZJe ls(B) x~gLƒkJe ls(C) oku^LƒkJe ls(D) laU;klkJe ls

24. lUrkuksRif® d`rZO; d`k lEcU| gS—(A) nso)`. ls (B) Hwr)`. ls(C) fir~ )`. ls (D) )`f" )`. ls

25. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu dsò¥ fuo~f®-ekxZ eÍ fo'okl ugÓ d`jrk=(A) lka“; (B) Î`Æ.(C) egkohj (D) cq*

26. v|ksf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu lalkj d`ksfeF;k ekurk gS=(A) ækad`j osnkUr(B) tSu næZu(C) oSÆ.o osnkUr(D) lka“;-;ksx

27. d`ƒu (A) : xhrk ds` vuqlkj O;fDrd`ks lnSo lR; cks¥uk pkfg,\d`kj. (R) : lR;-Hk". leLreuqÆ;kÍ d`k Lo|eZ gS\uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lghm®j pqfu,\dw`V #

(A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk(R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS\

(B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß]ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;kugÓ gS\

(C) (A) lR; gS] ijUrq (R) vlR;gS\

(D) (A) vlR; gS] ijUrq (R) lR;gS\

28. xhrk ds` vuqlkj vik( (Undeserv-ing person) d`ks nku nsuk gS—(A) jktfld` (B) rkefld`(C) lkfRod` (D) vuSfrd`

29. d`ƒu (A) : xhrk ds` vuqlkj Kku gh,d` ek( eks”-ekxZ gS\d`kj. (R) : Kku vkRek ds` okLrfod`LoÔi d`ks ^d`kfær d`jrk gS\

uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lghm®j pqfu,\dw`V #



(C) (A) lR; gS] ijUrq (R) vlR; gS(D) (A) vlR; gS] ijUrq (R) lR; gS

30. xhrk eÍ fuf"* dèZ d`ks d`gk x;kgS—(A) fodèZ (B) vdèZ(C) dèZ (D) fuÆd`ke dèZ

31. d`ƒu (A) : Î`Æ. xhrk eÍ d`grs gß]‘d`®ZO; dèZ d`jks« œ`¥ d`h bPNk erd`jks\’d`kj. (R) : dèZ-œ`¥ d`rkZ ds` v|huugÓ gS\fuEukafd`r dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,lgh m®j pqfu,\dw`V #




32. fLƒr^K og gS ftld`h cqf* ,d`kxzgS—(1) bZ'oj eÍ(2) fo";kÍ eÍ(3) vkRe fgr eÍ(4) vkRe larqfÆV eÍuhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lghm®j pqfu,\dw`V #(A) (1) vkSj (2)

(B) (1), (3) vkSj (4)(C) (1) vkSj (4)(D) (3) vkSj (4)

33. bZ'oj d`ks og HDr loZf^; gS] tks—(A) vkrZ gS (B) Kkuh gS(C) ftKklq gS (D) vƒkZƒhZ gS

34. tSu næZu eÍ crk, x, f(jRu gß—(A) æh¥-lekf|-^Kk(B) v¯glk-vusd`kUr-vifjxzg(C) vklzo-lEoj-futZjk(D) næZu-Kku-pkfj(


35. ckS*kÍ d`k f}rh; vk;ZlR; d`g¥krkgS—(1) |eZp∂` (2) }knæfunku(3) nq#[ fujks| (4) vukReoknuhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,lgh m®j pqfu,\dw`V #(A) (1) vkSj (2)

(B) (1) vkSj (3)

(C) (3) vkSj (4)

(D) (2) vkSj (4)

36. ckS*kÍ d`k iapæh¥ leosr gS—(A) lekf| eÍ (B) nq#[ leqn; eÍ(C) æh¥ eÍ (D) ^Kk eÍ

37. lE;xΩ n~fÆV vax gS—(A) f(jRu d`k(B) vÆVkax-ekxZ d`k(C) vÆVkax ;ksx d`k(D) |eZp∂` d`k

38. ^rhR;leqRikn d`h fuEukafd`r pkjd`fÈM;kÍ ij fopkj d`hft,—(1) LiæZ (2) osnuk(3) r~Æ.k (4) "Mk;ruuhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj mi;qZDrd`fÈM;kÍ d`k lgh ∂è pqfu,\dw`V #(A) 3–4–1–2 (B) 1–3–2–4(C) 4–3–2–1 (D) 4–1–2–3

39. tSu næZu ds` vuqlkj dsò¥h oggS—(A) tks loZK (Omniscient) gS(B) ftls oLrqvkÍ d`ks dsò¥ lkis”Kku gS(C) tks dsò¥ ,d`kUroklh (Soli-tude) gS(D) tks nwljkÍ ds m*kj gsrq ckj-ckjtUe ¥srk gS

40. egkozr leosr gS—(A) lE;xΩ næZu eÍ(B) lE;dΩ` Kku eÍ(C) lE;dΩ` pfj( eÍ(D) lE;dΩ` Le~fr eÍ

41. lwph-I d`k lwph-II ds` lkƒ fe¥kud`hft, vkSj uhps fn, x, dw`V ds`vuqlkj lgh m®j nhft, #lwph-I(a) v.qozr (b) f(jRu(c) vÆVkaxekxZ (d) egkozrlwph-II1. Je. 2. Le~fr3. næZu 4. Jod`

dw`V #(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 2 4 1 3

(B) 4 3 2 1

(C) 2 4 3 1

(D) 3 1 4 2

42. xhrk ds` vuqlkj fuEukafd`r d`ƒukÍ ijfopkj d`hft,—

(1) d`rkZiu ds` vfHeku ls jfgrfd`;k x;k dèZ vdèZ gS

(2) dèZ HfDr eÍ ck|d` gS(3) HfDr ;ksx gh ,dèk( eks” ekxZ

gS(4) fuf"* dèZ fodèZ gSuhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,lgh m®j pqfu,\dw`V #(A) (1) vkSj (4)

(B) (1) vkSj (3)(C) (2) vkSj (4)(D) (2) vkSj (3)

43. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk vuqi;qDr;qXe gS=(A) Lo|eZ—o.Z|eZ(B) vgZrΩ—ckS* næZu(C) dsò¥h—og O;fDr ftls fd`lhoLrq d`k dsò¥ vkafæd` Kku gks(D) fLƒr^K—leRo ;ksx

44. ^kjfEHd` oSfnd` fopkj|kjk ds` ew¥HwrlE^R;; ij fopkj d`hft,—

(1) )`r (2) nku(3) ri (4) ;Kuhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lghm®j pqfu,\dw`V #(A) (1) vkSj (2)

(B) (1) vkSj (3)

(C) (2) vkSj (4)

(D) (1) vkSj (4)

45. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk iap;K eÍlfEef¥r ugÓ gS=(A) u~;K (B) v'oes| ;K(C) Hwr;K (D) fir~;K

46. ewY; ds` lE^R;; ij fopkjd`hft,—

(1) œ`¥ LokLF; ds` f¥, vPNs gß(2) esjh ek∑ lnSo lR; cks¥rh gS(3) lR; æqH gS(4) csbZekuh (Dishonesty) væqH gS

mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSuls ewY;ijd`d`ƒu gß=(A) (1), (3) vkSj (4)

(B) (2), (3) vkSj (4)

(C) (2) vkSj (3)

(D) (1), (2), (3) vkSj (4)

47. fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulkuSfrd` (Moral) d`ƒu gS=(A) dq`N jktusrk bZekunkj gß(B) vf|la“; ¥ksx d`grs gß fd`csbZekuh mfpr ugÓ gS(C) bZekunkjh nh?Zd`kf¥d` ¥kH^n gS(D) csbZekuh vokaNuh; (Undesir-able) gS

48. og dèZ tks fu;ekuqdw`¥ gksrk gS]d`g¥krk gS—(A) lR; (True)

(B) oS|kfud` (Legal)

(C) mfpr (Right)

(D) ^ƒk (Ritual)

49. uSfrd` d`rZO; d`k vk|kj gS—(A) leLr ck÷;rkvkÍ ls LorU(rk(B) vkUrfjd` ck÷;rk (Compul-sion)

(C) vk÷;kfRed` (Spiritual) ck÷;rk(D) oS|kfud` (Legal) ck÷;rk

50. euksoSKkfud` lq[okn ds` vuqlkjfopkj d`hft, #d`ƒu (A) # lq[ thou d`k loksZPp¥{; gS\d`kj. (B) # ^R;sd` O;fDr lq[ d`hd`keuk d`jrk gS\fuEukafd`r dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,lgh m®j pqfu,\dw`V #

(A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk(R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS

(B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß]ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;kugÓ gS


51. euksoSKkfud` lq[okn (Psychologi-cal hedonism) ds` vuqlkj fuEu-f¥f[r eÍ d`kSu ^sjd` æfDr gS=(A) vUrKkZu (Intuition)

(B) cqf* (Reason)

(C) bPNk,∑ (Desires)

(D) æqH d`k fopkj (Idea of Good)


52. lwph-I d`k lwph-II ls fe¥ku d`hft,vkSj uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkjlgh m®j nhft, #lwph-I(a) csUƒe (b) fltfod`(c) fe¥ (d) LisUljlwph-II1. lqlaLÎ`r mi;ksfxrkokn2. mnΩfod`klkRed` mi;ksfxrkokn3. lq[oknh x.uk4. ckSf*d` mi;ksfxrkokndw`V #

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 4 2 3 1(B) 3 4 1 2(C) 1 3 2 4(D) 2 1 4 3

53. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lghugÓ gS=(A) fe¥ — mi;ksfxrkokn(B) d`k≥V — cqf*ijrkokn(C) csUƒe — lq[okn(D) cV¥j — ^Î`frokn

54. csUƒe ds` vuqlkj fopkj d`hft, #(1) euqÆ; LoHko ls ijkƒhZ

(Altruist) gS(2) ckSf*d` lq[ ,sfUnzd` lq[kÍ (Sen-

suous pleasure) ls JsÆB gS(3) lq[ vkSj nq#[ thou eÍ fu;ked`

fl*kUr gß(4) lq[oknh ifjx.uk gekjs pquko

d`k fu.kZ;d` rRo gSmi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/d`kSulsd`ƒu lgh gS/gß=(A) (1) vkSj (2)

(B) (1), (3) vkSj (4)

(C) (3) vkSj (4)

(D) (2) vkSj (3)

55. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`k≥V dsùSfrd` næZu ds` f¥, vuqi;qDr gS=(A) lkis”okn (Relativism)

(B) vkd`kfjdòkn (Formalism)

(C) lq[ iw.Z æqH d`h iwoZekU;rk gS(D) fujis” vknsæ

56. d`ƒu (A) # d`k≥V d`k uSfrd` næZu^k;# d`Bksjrkokn ds` Ôi eÍ tkuktkrk gS\d`kj. (R) # d`k≥V uSfrd`rk eÍ ^seds` vfrfjDr fd`lh Hh Hkouk d`ksLohd`kj ugÓ d`jrk\

uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lghm®j pqfu,\dw`V #

(A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk(R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS

(B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß]ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;kugÓ gS


57. d`k≥V ds` vuqlkj ‘æqHsPNk’ gS—(A) euksoSKkfud` bPNk(B) ckSf*d` bPNk (Rational will)

(C) nSoh; bPNk (Divine will)

(D) vk÷;kfRed` bPNk (Spiritualwill)

58. d`k≥V ds` vuqlkj bZ'oj uSfrd` psrukd`h iwoZekU;rk ds` Ôi eÍ—(A) uSfrd` thou d`k ¥{; gS(B) uSfrd` thou thus d`k vknsænsrk gS(C) fujis” vknsækÍ ds` vkSfpR; d`kvk|kj gS(D) lq[ d`ks æqH ds` lkƒ la;qDrd`jrk gS

59. ^;kstuoknh ·œ`¥-lkis”oknh‚ uSfrd`rkds` vuqlkj fopkj d`hft, #(1) æqH vkSj lq[ eÍ rknkRE; gS(2) ifj.ke dèZ d`h mfprrk d`kfu|kZj. gS(3) æqH vifjHkÆ; gS(4) uSfrd` fu;e ckSf*d` gSuhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,lgh m®j pqfu,%(A) (1) vkSj (2)

(B) (1) vkSj (3)

(C) (3) vkSj (4)

(D) (1), (2) vkSj (4)

60. fuEukafd`r eÍ ls d`kSulk fod`Yi fe¥ds` f¥, ¥kxw ugÓ gksrk gS=(A) og œ`¥-fujis”oknh (Deon-tologist)

(B) okaNuh;rk vkSj lq[nkrk ,d`gh oLrq ds` nks ig¥w gß(C) lq[kÍ eÍ d`ksbZ Hsn ugÓ gS(D) uSfrd`rk fujis” ugÓ gS

61. fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,%d`ƒu (A) # uSfrd` d`ƒu mfpr(Right) vƒok vuqfpr (Wrong)gksrs gß\

d`kj. (R) # uSfrd` d`ƒukÍ d`k fd`lh^n® uSfrd` fu;e ds` v|hu ewY;kadùfd`;k tkrk gS\fuEuf¥f[r dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,lgh m®j pqfu,\dw`V #(A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk

(R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS(B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß]

ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;kugÓ gS


62. vf|d`kj vkSj d`rZO; ds` chp lEcU|ds` ckjs eÍ v|ksf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulkfod`Yi lgh gS=(A) vf|d`kj d`h rq¥uk eÍ d`rZO;^|ku gS(B) d`rZO; d`h rq¥uk eÍ vf|d`kj^|ku gS(C) nksukÍ ijLijkfJr (Mutuallydependent) gß(D) nksukÍ ijLij LorU( (Exclu-sive) gß

63. ^Î`frokn ds` vuqlkj æqH (Good)gS—(A) Lo;a eÍ lk÷;(B) vifjHk"k (Indefinable)

(C) ckSf*d` (Rational)

(D) bPNk d`h larqfÆV

64. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu æqH d`ks ‘lj¥vkSj vfo'¥sÆ; (Unanalysable)ekurk gS=(A) fe¥ (B) Ìwe(C) LVhosUlu (D) ewj

65. LVhosUlu ds` vuqlkj uSfrd` fu.Z;gS—(A) oDrk ds` laosxkÍ d`h vfHO;fDr(B) æq* ckSf*d`(C) o.ZukRed` (Descriptive)

(D) œ`¥-fujis”oknh (Deonto-logical)

66. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ;g Lohd`kjd`jrk gS fd` uSfrd` fu.Z; d`k êq[d`k;Z ‘pquko d`k ekxZnæZu’ d`juk gS=(A) ,\ ts\ ,vj(B) lh\ ,¥\ LVhosUlu(C) th\ bZ\ ewj(D) vkj\ ,e\ gsvj


67. ‘;fn vki lq[ ds` ihNs Hkxrs gß rksvki mls ^kIr d`jus eÍ vlœ`¥ ghgksrs gß\mi;qZDr fojks|kHkl (Paradox)d`g¥krk gS\(A) rkfdZ`d` fojks|kHkl(B) lq[okn d`k fojks|kHkl(C) ckSf*d` fojks|kHkl(D) vk÷;kfRed` (Spiritual)fojks|kHkl

68. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fod`Yid`k≥V d`ks Lohd`k;Z ugÓ gS=(A) foosd`æh¥ d`rkZvkÍ eÍ Hh uSfrd`fu.Z;kÍ ds` ckjs eÍ okLrfod` erHsn gksld`rs gß(B) æqH dèZ-œ`¥ lkis” ugÓ gksrk gS(C) uSfrd` fu;e cqf* d`k vknsæ gS(D) ‘eq>s d`juk pkfg,’ ;g ‘eß d`jld`rk gw∑’ d`h iwoZekU;rk ij vkfJr gS\

69. cV¥j Lohd`kj d`jrk gS—(A) laosxokn (Emotivism)

(B) ^Î`frokn (Naturalism)

(C) vUrKkZuokn (Intuitionism)

(D) ijkeæZokn (Prescriptivism)

70. n≥M d`k d`kSulk fl*kUr vijk| d`kseuksjksx ds` Ôi eÍ Lohd`kj d`jrk gS=(A) fuorZuoknh (Deterrent)

(B) ^frd`kjoknh (Retributive)

(C) |eZækL((D) lq|kjoknh (Reformative)

71. d`ƒu (A) # pkokZd` ds` vuqlkj ‘lq[gh thou d`k loksZPp ¥{; gS\’d`kj. (R) # ;g txrΩ dsò¥ pkjHwrkÍ ds` la;ksx ls cuk gS\uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,lgh m®j pqfu,\dw`V #(A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk




72. pkokZd` ds` vuqlkj fopkj d`hft, #(1) O;kfIr d`h Lƒkiuk lEHo ugÓ(2) txr iapegkHwrkÍ ls cuk gS(3) iki-iq≥; ugÓ gS(4) |ekZfJr d`ke thou d`k ¥{; gS

lgh m®j pqfu, #(A) (1) vkSj (3)

(B) (1), (2) vkSj (3)

(C) (1) vkSj (2)

(D) (2) vkSj (4)

73. fuEukafd`r eÍ d`kSu ;g ekurk gS fd`lrΩ fuR;kfuR; (Eternal and Non-eternal) gS=(A) lkS(kfUrd` (B) ;ksxkpkj(C) tSu næZu (D) v}Sr osnkUr

74. tSu næZu ds` vuqlkj fuEuf¥f[r eÍls d`kSulk pkj ^d`kj ds` dèZ-cU| eÍlfEef¥r ugÓ gS=(A) ^Î`fr (B) fLƒfr(C) ^nsæ (D) d`"k;

75. lwph-I d`k lgh-II ds` lkƒ fe¥kud`hft, vkSj uhps fn, x, dw`V ds`vuqlkj lgh m®j nhft, #lwph-I(a) lkS(kfUrd`(b) ;ksxkpkj(c) æwU;okn euksfoKku(d) oSHkf"d`lwph-II1. ckÌkuqes;okn2. ckÌ ^R;”okn3. fD¥ÆV4. lEo~fr lR;dw`V #

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 3 4 2(B) 2 1 3 4(C) 3 2 1 4(D) 4 3 2 1

76. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls vlR; ;qXe d`kpquko d`hft,—

(A) ukxktqZu —lR;};(B) foKkuokn —oLrqfuÆB ^R;;okn(C) ¥ad`kOrkj —rƒkxrxHZ(D) oSHkf"d` —vlaLÎ`r |eZ

77. ‘vƒZf∂`;klkEF;Z¥”.a ijekƒZlrΩ’·vƒZf∂`;k lkeF;Z ijekƒZ lrΩ d`k¥”. gS‚mi;qZDr d`ƒu fd`l nkæZfud` d`k gS=(A) |eZd`hfrZ (B) ukxktqZu(C) leUrHnz (D) vd`¥ad`

78. lka“; ds` vuqlkj fopkj d`hft, #(1) ije iq:" l~fÆV d`k fufe®

d`kj. gS vkSj ^Î`fr bld`kmiknku d`kj. (MaterialCause) gS\

(2) iq:"Krk (Knower), HksDrk(Enjoyer) vkSj d`rkZ (Doer) gS\

(3) f(xq. ^Î`fr ds` vUrjax vaxgS\

(4) ^Î`fr d`k fod`kl js[h; gS\uhps fn, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq, lghm®j d`ks pqfu,\dw`V #(A) (1) vkSj (4)

(B) (2) vkSj (3)

(C) dsò¥ (3)

(D) (3) vkSj (4)

79. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk fod`Yi lka“;d`ks Lohd`k;Z ugÓ gS=(A) d`k;Z] d`kj. d`k okLrfod`ÔikUrj. (Transformation) gS(B) u iw.Z foukæ gS vkSj u uwrumRif®(C) ^Î`fr ifj.keokn(D) d`kj. vkSj d`k;Z eÍ fd`lh Hh^d`kj d`k Hsn ugÓ gS

80. ;ksx ds` vuqlkj bZ'oj gS—(A) ÷;ku d`k JsÆB fo";(B) fufe®ksiknu d`kj.(C) ;ksx d`k loksZPp ¥{;(D) ,d` fopkj ek(

81. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk ;ksx }kjk crkbZxbZ fp(Hwfe eÍ lfEef¥r ugÓ gS=(A) ,d`kxz (B) fod`Yi(C) f”Ir (D) fu:}

82. U;k; næZu eÍ Hw;ksnæZu d`k vƒZ gS—(A) vkRe-lk”kRd`kj(B) Hwfe næZu(C) iqu#-iqu# fujh”.(D) v¥kSfd`d` ^R;”

83. ‘vfXu æhr¥ gS] D;kÍfd` ;g ,d` nzO;(Substance) gS\’mi;qZDr d`ƒu n~ÆVkUr gS—(A) fo:* gsRokHkl d`k(B) lR^fri” gsRokHkl d`k(C) vfl* gsRokHkl d`k(D) ckf|r gsRokHkl d`k

84. oSæsfæd`kÍ ds` vuqlkj] ,d` oLrq d`knwljh oLrq ds` Ôi eÍ vHko d`g¥krkgS—(A) vU;ksU;kHko(B) vR;UrkHko(C) ^kxHko(D) ^÷oalHko


85. lwph-I d`k lwph-II ls fe¥ku d`hft,vkSj uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrsgq, lgh m®j pqfu, #lwph-I(a) v“;kfr(b) vU;ƒk“;kfr(c) foijhr“;kfr(d) lR“;kfrlwph-II1. U;k; 2. ^Hkd`j3. jkekuqt 4. dqèkfj¥dw`V #

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 4 3 1 2(B) 2 1 4 3(C) 1 4 3 2(D) 3 2 4 1

86. Kkrrkokn d`ks Lohd`kj d`jrs gß—(A) ^Hkd`j (B) U;k; næZu(C) dqèkfj¥ (D) æad`j

87. æad`j ds` vuqlkj fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍij fopkj d`hft, #1. txrΩ cz© d`k ifj.ke vkSj ek;k

d`k foorZ gS2. ek;k vij cz© d`h æfDr gS3. cz© Kku d`k vkJ; gS4. psrU; vkSj Kku rnzwi gSuhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lghm®j pqfu,\dw`V #(A) (1), (2) vkSj (3)

(B) (2) vkSj (3)

(C) (1) vkSj (4)

(D) (2) vkSj (4)

88. v}Sr osnkUr eÍ feF;k d`k vƒZ gS—(A) lnln fo¥”.(B) lrΩ vkSj vlrΩ nksukÍ(C) oa÷;kiq( d`h Hk∑fr vlrΩ(D) lrΩ

89. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk lqd`jkr(Socrates) d`ks Lohd`k;Z ugÓ gS=(A) Kku lnΩxq. (Virtue) gS(B) lnΩxq. Kku (Knowledge) gS(C) lnΩxq. vusd` gß(D) fcuk Kku ds` lnΩxq. vlEHo gS

90. I¥sVks ds` vuqlkj foKku vƒok ^R;;gS—(A) Kkuehekalh; ^R;;(B) rÂoehekalh; lrΩ (Metaphysi-cal real)

(C) ekufld` (Mental)

(D) d`Yiuk (Imagination)

91. vjLrw ds` vuqlkj fuEuf¥f[rfod`YikÍ eÍ d`kSulk lgh gS=(A) inkƒZ (Matter) okLrfod`rk gS(B) lkekU; êq[ nzO; (Substance)gS(C) vkd`kj oSfo÷; (Diversity) d`kfl*kUr gS(D) nzO; og gS ftld`k vU; lHhfo|s; gS

92. ,Dohul ekurk gS fd`—(A) ^kekf.d` Kku ^R;;kRed`(Conceptual) Kku gS(B) ^R;;kÍ (Concepts) d`k bfUnz;-^R;” eÍ d`ksbZ vk|kj ugÓ(C) lkekU; foæs"kÍ ls LorU(vfLrRoku gS(D) lkekU; vokLrfod` (Unreal) gS

93. nsd`krZ gS—(A) laæ;oknh (Sceptic)

(B) cqf*oknh vkSj ^R;;oknh (Rati-onalist and idealist)

(C) cqf*oknh vkSj oLrqoknh (Ratio-nalist and Realist)

(D) cgqrRooknh (Pluralist)

94. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls x¥r ;qXe pqfu, #(A) nsd`krZ —}Srokn (Dualism)(B) fLiukstk —bZ'ojokn (Theism)(C) ¥kbfCuRt

—cgqrÂookn (Pluralism)(D) Ìwe

—vuqHookn (Empiricism)

95. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fLiukstkd`ks Lohd`k;Z ugÓ gS=(A) fu;frokn (Determinism)(B) cqf*okn (Rationalism)(C) losZ'ojokn (Pantheism)(D) ^;kstuokn (Teleology)

96. Ìwe ds` vuqlkj gekjk bZ'oj eÍfo'okl vkfJr gS—(A) gekjh lq[ d`h vfH¥k"k vkSje~R;q ds` H; ij(B) vuqHo (Experience) ij(C) fpUru (Reasoning) ij(D) lR; ds` ^fr foæq* ^se ij

97. ¥kbfCuRt ds` vuqlkj fopkj d`hft, #d`ƒu (A) # fpn.q eÍ dq`N Hh ”;ugÓ gksrk] lc dq`N blds` lc lksikukÍ(Stages) eÍ lqjf”r jgrk gS\

d`kj. (R) # fpn.q (Monads)xok”ghu (Windowless) gS\fuEukafd`r dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,lgh m®j pqfu,\dw`V #(A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk




98. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fod`Yid`k≥V ds` ‘oLrq futLoÔi’ (Things-in-themselves) ds` lEcU| eÍ lghugÓ gS=(A) bafnz; ^R;” (Sense percep-tion) ds` }kjk ugÓ tkuk tkrk(B) ^R;;kÍ (Concepts) ds` }kjkugÓ tkuk tkrk(C) u rks Kkr gS vkSj u gh fd`lhHh Ôi eÍ fpUruh; (Thinkable) gS(D) vKkr gS] ijUrq ud`kjkRed` Ôils fpUruh; gS

99. cdZ`¥s ds` vkRek ds` ckjs eÍ fuEukafd`rfopkjkÍ ls (qfViw.Z fod`Yi pqfu, #(A) vkRek (Spirit) vfoHkT; l®kgS(B) ;g lf∂`; l®k gS(C) vkRek d`k d`ksbZ Hh ^R;; ugÓcuk;k tk ld`rk(D) ge vkRek d`k lk”krΩ ^R;” d`jld`rs gß

100. ¥kWd` ds` vuqlkj jax d`k fopkj ·^R;;‚xzg. fd`;k tkrk gS—(A) ,d` bfUnz; (One sense) ls(B) ,d`kf|d` bfUnz;kÍ (More thanone sense) ls(C) laosnu vkSj fpUru (Sensationand reflection)(D) dsò¥ fpUru (Reflection) ls

mÂkj O;k“;k lfgr


lkekU; fgUnh·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚

>kj[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx eq“; ijh{kk] 2006 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

fu|kZfjr le; # rhu ?≥Vs iw.kÛd` : 150uksV % (i) lHh ^'u vfuok;Z gß\

(ii) ^R;sd` ^'u ds` iw.kÛd` mlds` var eÍ nkfguh vksj vafd`r gß\(iii) i(–¥s[u eÍ viuk uke] irk vƒok vuq∂`ekad` u f¥[Í\ ;fn vfuok;Z

gks] rks ” ( K (XYZ) f¥[ ld`rs gß\^'u 1. Hkjr ds` ew¥ fuoklh nL;q

ƒs\ eksgutksnÈMks d`h [qnkbZ eÍ tks uxjfe¥s gß] eqaæh mUgÓ d`ks mud`k ew¥ Lƒkuekurs gß\ ;g ,d` lqlaLÎ`r vkSj fod`flrlaLÎ`fr ƒh\ nL;qvkÍ ds` jktk æEcj ds`ikl lkS lqn~È< nqxZ ƒs\ vkjfEHd` la?"Z];q* vkSj foxzg ds` ckn vUrr# lfEe¥u]lekgkj vkSj lkaLÎ`frd` vUrjko¥Ecud`h ^f∂`;k æqÔ gqbZ\ vk;ksÛ ds` bfrgkl d`h,d` eq“; leL;k ;g ƒh fd` foftrnL;qvkÍ ds` lkƒ D;k vkSj dS`lk O;ogkjfd`;k tk,\ ;fn mud`h gR;k d`j nhtk,] rks lsok–pkd`jh d`kSu d`jsxk= ;fnmUgÍ ftUnk j[k tkrk gS] rks lekt eÍmud`k in vkSj gSfl;r D;k gksxh= nklhls mRiUu iq( d`k dq`VqEc eÍ D;k Lƒkugksxk= blh ;”–^'u ds` lUnHZ eÍ ofæÆBvkSj fo'okfe( nks ijLij fojks|h fopkj–n~fÆV;kÍ ds` la?"Z ds` ^rhd`–iq:" ds` Ôi eÍlkeus vkrs gß\ ofæÆB vk;Z laLÎ`fr vkSjjâ`æq*rk ds` gkeh ƒs] tcfd` fo'okfe(,d` lkekftd` laLÎ`fr ds` i”|j ƒs ftleÍnL;qvkÍ ds` lekt] jhfr–O;ogkj vkSjthou–i*fr d`h ,d` fofæÆV Hwfed`k ƒh\

·d`‚ bl x»kaæ ds` xgjs Nis (Bold)vaækÍ d`h O;k“;k d`hft,\ 3 ×××× 5 = 15

·[‚ vk;ksÛ vkSj nL;qvkÍ ds` lEcU|kÍds` ckjs eÍ ik∑p okD; f¥f[,\ 5

m®j%

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^'u 4. ·v‚ fuEuf¥f[r æCnkÍ lsik∑p milxZ Nk∑fV,% 10

(i) nqfuZokj (v) ¥kokfjl

(ii) vR;qfâ` (vi) fg¥ksj

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·vk‚ fd`UgÓ ik∑p æCnkÍ ds` fo¥ksef¥f[,% 10

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·b‚ fuEuf¥f[r okD;kaækÍ eÍ ls fd`UgÓik∑p ds` f¥, ,d`–,d` æCn f¥f[,% 10

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(vii) xksn f¥;k gqvk iq(

(viii) ftls ckgjh txrΩ d`k Kku ugks

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^'u 5. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ik∑p eqgkojkÍvkSj ik∑p ¥ksd`ksfâ`;kÍ ds` vƒZ f¥f[, vkSjokD;kÍ eÍ ^;ksx d`hft,% 30

d`kf¥[ iksrukd`gÓ d`k bÛV d`gÓ d`k jksÈMk] Hkuqerh

us dqùck tksÈMkmÈMrh fpfÈM;k igpkuukvksNs d`h ^hfr ck¥w d`h Hhfr?wjs ds` fnu fœ`jukvU|s ds` vkxs jksos vius uSuk [ksosug¥s ij ng¥k ekjuk¥sus ds` nsus iÈMukvk|h NksÈM lkjh d`ks |koS] vk|h fe¥s

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^'u 6. fgUnh Hk"k eÍ d`k;kZ¥;h d`k;ksÛds` Rofjr fuÆiknu ds` f¥, dÈI;wVj dsègRo ij ^d`kæ Mkf¥,\ 20

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●●●

mid`kj ^d`kæu] vkxjk–2E-mail : [email protected]

Website : www.upkar.in

uohu ^Lrqfr

·uohu vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ,oa rF;kÍ lfgr‚

¥s[d` # ,e\ ds`\ nhf{krd`ksM ua\ 1446 ewY; # 60/-


MkW\ vks\ ih\ jktiwr Mh\,l-lh\

fofo| rF; # lkekU; tkud`kjh

ukxj foekuu lsok,a # ubZ ˜∑pkb;kÍ d`h vksj%eq“;-eq“; ckrÍ(Civil Aviation Services : Scaling New Heights_Highlights)

nsæ d`h fujUrj rst xfr ls cÈÈ<rh ekuotula“;k] o~f* nj @ 1·9% okf"Zd` d`ks ÷;kueÍ Hh j[rs gq, ukxj foekuu ”s( eÍ v^R;k-fær o~f* gqbZ gS] foæs"d`j o"Z 2007-08 ds`nkSjku\ bl ”s( ds` vius d`k;Zd`¥ki d`h o~f*ls bld`h o~f* nj fo'o eÍ mRÎ`ÆV jgh gS\;k(h ;krk;kr eÍ 32·51% d`h o~f* gqbZ gS tks,d` LoLƒ ôkg gS\ NksVs ægjkÍ vkSj d`LckÍ ds`chp foeku lsok lEidZ`rk eÍ ”s(h; ,;j¥kbukÍds` vkus ls Hh o~f* gqbZ gS\ bl ”s( eÍ HfoÆ;eÍ Hh Hkjh fujUrj o~f* ,oa Lƒkf;Ro cuk,j[us d`h tÔjr gS\ nsæ ds` nqxZe/igkÈMh ”s(kÍeÍ lEidZ rk lqfo|k ^nku d`jus gsrq gs¥hd`kWIVjkÍds` ^pk¥u d`ks ^kjEH fd`;k tk jgk gS] blh-f¥, o"Z 2008 d`ks “Helicopter ServicesYear, 2008” ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k\ ;»fi ukxjfoekuu lsokvkÍ eÍ cgqvk;keh lao~f* us nsæ ds`lEeq[ cn¥rh gqbZ ^Î`fr d`h pqukSfr;k∑ [ÈMhd`h gß] vr# bl lao~f* d`ks lHh LVsd`|kjd`kÍd`h lgk;rk] leUo; vkSj lg;ksx ls Hkjrd`ks bl ”s( eÍ oSf'od` vxzf.;kÍ d`h Js.h eÍ¥k;k tk lds`xk\ mY¥s[uh; g S fd` Hkjr usfo'o foekuu ekdsZ`V eÍ o"Z 2007–08 eÍ 9ok∑Lƒku ^kIr fd`;k] tcfd` o"Z 2006 eÍ bld`k12ok∑ Lƒku ƒk\ ,;j¥kbu d`kjksckj eÍ 27%d`h o~f* gqbZ gS] tks o~f* ?js¥w ,oa vUrjkZÆV_h;nksukÍ lsDVjkÍ eÍ mnkjhd`j. d`h uhfr ds d`kj.gqbZ gS\

ukxj foekuu ea(k¥; (Ministry ofCivil Aviation–GOI Government ofIndia) d`h okf"Zd` fjiksVZ 2007–08 ds` vk|kjij ukxj foekuu lsokvkÍ ds` ”s( eÍ ubZ˜∑pkb;kÍ d`h vksj (Scaling New Heights)d`ne cÈ<s gß\ blds` vUrxZr vusd` xfrfof|;kÍ}kjk fofHUu mY¥s[uh; lœ`¥rk,a Hh fe¥h gß]ftud`ks la”si eÍ fuEuorΩ nækZ;k tk ld`rk gS%

êq[ mi¥fC|;k∑/xfrfof|;k∑ (MajorAchievements/Activities)■ ukxj foekuu ea(k¥; d`k lajpukRed`/

laxBukRed` <k∑pk ,oa f∂`;kd`¥ki(Infrastructure/Organizational Set–Up & Functions of Ministry of CivilAviation, GOI)%

☛ Ministry of Civil Aviation (GOI) d`keq“;k¥; (Hq.)%lœ`njtax ,;jiksVZd`kWEI¥SDl ds` jktho xka|h Hou] ubZfnY¥h fLƒr gS ftlds` pkjkÍ vksj gjs–Hjscxhps rƒk ækar okrkoj. gS\

☛ ea(k¥; ds` eq“; d`k;ksÛ ,oa m®jnkf;RokÍeÍ ukxj foekuu ds` fod`kl ,oa fofu;eugsrq jkÆV_h; uhfr;kÍ vkSj d`k;Z∂èkÍ d`ks rS;kj

d`juk ,oa lEcfU|r ”s( eÍ ;krk;kr ds`fu;fer fod`kl vkSj foLrkj ds` f¥,;kstuk,a cukuk vkSj mUgÍ ¥kxw d`juk gS\

☛ laxBu (Organisation) ds` vUrxZr%(i)Attached/Subordinate Organisa-tions eÍ%DGCA (Directorate Gene-ral of Civil Aviation), B C A S(Bureau of Civil Aviation Security),oa—CRS (Commission on RailwaySafety); (ii) Autonomous Body–IGRUA (Indira Gandhi RashtriyaUrban Academy) rƒk (iii) PublicSector Undertakings eÍ% NACIL(National Aviation Company of IndiaLtd.) A A I (Airport Authority ofIndia), P H H L (Pawan HansHelicopters Ltd.) and Alliance Air,HCIL (Hotel Corporation of India),oa ‘AICL’ (Air India Charters Ltd.),(All three later Subsidiary ofNACIL).

☛ Website of Ministry of CivilAviation–http://civil avia·nic·in

■ ,;j bafM;k ,oa bafM;u ,;j¥kbUl d`kfo¥; (Merger of Air India &Indian Airlines)%

☛ NACIL ·usæu¥ ,fo,æu dÈiuh vkWœ`bf≥M;k f¥feVsM‚ ,d` ubZ dÈiuh d`hLƒkiuk 30 ekpZ] 2007 d`ks] eq“;k¥;(Hq.) eqEcbZ eÍ d`h xbZ] bl ubZ ,;j¥kbud`k czkUM uke ‘Air India’ rƒk ¥ksxkÍ(Logo)%egkjktk (Maharaja) gS\ blsAir India vkSj Indian Airlines d`kfo¥; d`j cuk;k x;k (Certified on 27Aug, 2007) dèZpkfj;kÍ d`h d`fBukb;kÍd`ks nwj d`jus gsrq ,d` f(Lrjh; fæd`k;rfuokj. O;oLƒk (A Three Tier Grie-vances Redressal Machinery) d`k xBufd`;k x;k\

■ iou gal gs¥hd`kWIVlZ f¥feVsM (PawanHans Helicopters Limited ‘PHHL’)–Est. in October, 1985–RegisteredOffice, New Delhi

☛ PHHL d`h Lƒkiuk] vDVwcj 1985 eÍ%,d` ljd`kjh dÈiuh ds` Ôi eÍ HCIL(Helicopter Corporation of IndiaLimited) ds` uke ls d`h xbZ ƒh] ftld`keq“; mˆs'; leqnz eÍ rs¥ d`h [kst gsrqrs¥ ”s( eÍ gs¥hd`kWIVj lgk;rk lsok,ami¥C| d`juk] igkÈMh ,oa nqxZe ”s(kÍ eÍ

ifjpk¥u d`juk] i;ZVu d`ks cÈ<kok nsusgsrq pkVZj mÈMkuÍ mi¥C| d`jkuk ƒk\ blds`”s(h; d`k;kZ¥; ubZ fnY¥h rƒk eqEcbZ eÍfLƒr gß\

☛ PHHL ,fæ;k d`h ,d` foæk¥regs¥hd`kWIVj ifjpk¥d` ds` Ôi eÍ mHj d`jvkbZ gS] ftlds` csÈMs (Fleets) eÍ 35gs¥hd`kIVlZ gß\

☛ PHHL nsæ d`h vU; jkT; ljd`kjÍ]tSls%iatkc] es?k¥;] flfDdè] f(iqjk]v:.kap¥ ^nsæ] ¥”}hi] v≥Meku ofud`ksckj }hi lewgkÍ eÍ gs¥hd`kWIVj lsok,a^nku d`jkrh gß\ vejukƒ |ke gsrq Hhgs¥hd`kWIVj mi¥C| d`jk, gß\

☛ PHHL ^nw". jk sd`ƒke] lrdZ`rk]jktHk"k ·fgUnh‚ ^;ksx] ^fæ”. vkfnenkÍ ij foæs" ÷;ku ns jgk gS\

■ bafnjk xka|h jkÆV_h; mÈMku vd`kneh(bxzqvk%IGRUA)%

☛ IGRUA ·bxzqvk‚ d`h Lƒkiuk œq`lZrxat]jk;cjs¥h ·m®j ^nsæ‚ eÍ] nsæ eÍokf.fT;d` ik;¥VkÍ ds` mÈMku ,oa Lƒ¥^fæ”. ds` lq|kj ¥kus ds` mˆs'; ls d`hxbZ ƒh\

☛ ‘Indira Gandhi Rashtriya UranAcademy’ (IGRUA) }kjk vusdìkBΩ;∂è vk;ksftr fd`, tkrs gß] tSls%B.Sc. (Aviation) Degree Course,bULV_wes≥V js¯Vx ikBΩ;∂è] eYVhbatu,UMkslZesUV ikBΩ;∂è] fMI¥ksek|kfj;kÍ d`ks,;jksukWfVd`¥ bathfu;jh eÍ foeku ij^SfDVd`¥ V_s¯ux ^nku d`juk] vkfn\

☛ ‘bxzqvk’ ^fro"Z 100 ik;¥VkÍ d`ks 1 o"Z eÍ^fæ”. d`h ;kstuk rS;kj d`j jgk] gS tksvc rd` ^fro"Z 40 ik;¥VkÍ d`ks 2 o"ksÛ eÍ^fæ”. nsrk ƒk\ lkƒ gh ‘bxzqvk’ d`k^cU|u eSllZ lh`,`bZ (M/s CAE)dùkMk eÍ lkßik tkuk fu|kZfjr fd`;k x;k gS\

☛ ^nw". fu;a(. gsrq vusd` d`ne mBk, x,gß] tSls% ikl ds` ok;q^nw". ij fu;a(.]xans ikuh d`k fuiVkjk] Bksl d`pjkÍ d`ks blrjg t¥kuk] rkfd` dè-ls-dè |qvk∑ gks]gjk-Hjk cuk, j[us gsrq vd`kneh ifjljeÍ o~”kjksi. vkfn\

☛ o"Z 2007 ·tuojh%fnlEcj‚ ds` nkSjkumÈMku ?≥VkÍ d`h la“;k (King Air C–90A, Zin Z–242 L rƒk Trinidad TB–20) dq`¥ 8487·50 hrs, Flown `d`h jgh]tcfd` fiN¥s 7 o"ksÛ ds` nkSjku 284 V_suhtd`ks Pilot Trained ^fæ”. iwjk fd`;kx;k\

■ Hkjrh; foekui®u ^kf|d`j. ( A i r-ports Authority of India–AAI)%(w·e·f· 1 Apirl. 1995, Under Act ofParliament AAI Act, 1994)%

☛ ‘AAI’ ds` êq[ d`k;ksÛ eÍ lapkj] fnDpk¥u,oa fuxjkuh lqfo|kvkÍ d`k ^ko|ku]vUrjkZÆV_h; ,oa vransZæh; gokbZ vMΩMkÍ ijd`kxksZ VfeZu¥kÍ d`k fod`kl ,oa ^cU|u]


;k(h lqfo|kvkÍ ,oa lwpuk ^.kf¥;kÍ d`k^ko|ku vkfn] lfEef¥r gß\

☛ Trivendrum International Airport(Kerala) d`ks ‘ISO–14001 : 2004’ ds`vUrxZr “Airfield EnvironmentManagement System ComplianceCertificate” ^kIr gqvk] tks vkLV_sf¥;k,oa U;wth¥S≥M d`h ‘Joint AccreditationSystem’ ls bl êk.u d`ks ^kIr d`jusok¥k gokbZ vMΩMk nf”. Hkjr d`k‘nwljk’ (Second) rƒk nsæ d`k ‘pkSƒk’(Fourth) gokbZ vMΩMk gS\

☛ laxBu eÍ bZekunkjh] lR;fuÆBk d`h ô~f®cÈ<kus gsrq 12–16 uoEcj] 2007 d`kslrdZ`rk tkxÔd`rk lIrkg (VigilanceAwareness Week) euk;k x;k\ lkƒ gh]fgUnh i[okÈMk (Hindi Fortnight)–14 ls30 flrEcj] 2007 Hh euk;k x;k] tksjktHk"k uhfr (Official LanguagePolicy–GOI) ds` rgrΩ fgUnh d`ks^ksRlkfgr d`jus ds` f¥, euk;k x;k\

■ js¥ laj”k vk;ksx (Commission ofRailway Safety–CRS)

☛ js¥ laj”k vk;ksx (CRS) ebZ 1967 eÍi;ZVu vkSj ukxj foekuu ea(k¥; ds`fu;a(. eÍ vk;k] tks ckn eÍ ukxj foekuuea(k¥; (Ministry of Civil Aviation–GOI) d`g¥k;k\

☛ vk;ksx (CRS) ds` v|hu 9 CircleOffices gß] ftleÍ nks Circle Offices dsèq“;k¥; eqEcbZ rƒk 3 Circle Offices dsèq“;k¥; d`ks¥d`krk eÍ gß rƒk cÍx¥q:]fnY¥h] ¥[u˜ vkSj fldÙnjkckn eÍ,d`–,d` eq“;k¥; gS\ ^R;sd` lfdZ`¥ ,d`js¥ laj”k vk;qâ` ds` ^Hkj eÍ gSS\ js¥vf|fu;e] 1989 ds` v|hu ^R;sd` vk;qâ`,d` Lora( lkafof|d` vf|d`kjh gS\

☛ vk;ksx }kjk js¥ ^æklu eÍ ¥kbu fuekZ.,oa laj”k ds` lHh mik; fd`, tkrs gß]lkƒ gh laj”k ekud`kÍ d`ks ¥kxw d`jus]d`k;Z/fujh”.] l¥kg nsuk ,oa lrdZ`d`juk Hh eq“; d`k;ksÛ eÍ vkrs gß\

■ ukxj foekuu lqj”k C;wjk s (BCAS–Bureau of Civil Aviation Security)%

☛ ‘BCAS’ Ministry of Civil Aviation(GOI) d`k ,d` lEc* d`k;kZ¥; gS]ftld`k eq“; mˆs'; xSj–d`kuwuh gLr”sids` d`k;ksÛ ds` fo:* ukxfjd` foekuu^pk¥ukÍ d`h lqj”k d`juk gS\ bl C;wjks(BCAS) d`k eq“;k¥; (Hq.) ubZ fnY¥heÍ gS\

☛ vk|qfud`hd`j. ds` ”s( eÍ BCAS usMkVkcsl rƒk b¥sDV_kWfud` MkVk ^ksls¯lxds` fod`kl o ^æklu ds` œ`¥LoÔidÈI;wVjkÍ ij lkjk vfH¥s[hd`j. fgUnhrƒk vaxzsth eÍ fd`;k tkrk gS vkS sjd`k;kZ¥;h ‘Human Resource Manage-ment Software Package’ Hh dsÙnzh;lwpuk dsÙnz ls ^kIr fo®h; lgk;rk }kjk^frÆBkfir fd`;k tk jgk gS\

☛ dèZpkjh fæd`k;r ^d`ksÆB (Staff Grie-vance Cell), jktHk"k d`k;kZUo;u fgUnhi[okÈMk] fgUnh d`k;Zæk¥k] fgUnh ds` ^xkeh^;ksx d`ks lqfuf'pr d`jus] pkjkÍ ”s(h;d`k;kZ¥;kÍ d`k fgUnh fujh”. vkfn d`k;ZBCAS }kjk o"Z (2007–08) ds` nkSjkule; ls ^kIr fæd`k;rkÍ ij rqjUr d`k;Zokghd`h xbÛ\

☛ BCAS }kjk o"Z 2007 eÍ L∂`hujkÍ ds`êk.u (Certification of Screeners)gsrq 123 ijh”. vk;ksftr fd`,\ bleÍAPSU/Airlines dÈifu;kÍ ds` dq`¥3140 L∂`hujkÍ us Hkx f¥;k vkSj 1832L∂`hujkÍ d`ks êkf.r fd`;k x;k\

■ uSfl¥ (NACIL–National AviationCompany of India Ltd.)

☛ uSfl¥ (NACIL)%,d` ubZ dÈiuh nksjkÆV_h; okgd`kÍ Air India ,oa Indian AirLines ds` fo¥; ls 30 ekpZ] 2007 d`ks(Companies Act, 1956 ds` rgrΩ xfBrfd`;k x;k] ftld`k iathÎ`r eq“;k¥;(Hq.) ,;j¥kbUl gkml] jd`kcxat] ubZfnY¥h gS\ rƒk Corporate Office%eqEcbZeÍ gS\ bl NACIL d`ks fu;fer d`k;Z gsrqMinistry of Corporate Affairs }kjkSections 391–394 ds` vUrxZr vuqeksfnrd`j 27 vxLr] 2007 ls ^Hkoh fd`;k x;k\

☛ 21 œ`jojh] 2007 d`ks] ,;j bf≥M;k d`ks‘Amity Corporate ExcellenceAward’–Amity University, Noida(U.P.) }kjk ^nku fd`;k x;k\

☛ NACIL }kjk ‘Air India CargoAircraft’ ds` ek÷;e ls d`kxksZ ^pk¥ukÍgsrq nks A–310 ;k(h foekukÍ d`ks ek¥-okgd` foekukÍ eÍ ifjofrZr fd`;k x;k gS\

☛ NACIL }kjk lrdZ`rk tkxÔd`rk lIrkg12–16 uoEcj] 2007 d`ks euk;k] lkƒ ghjktHk"k d`k;kZUo;u d`k;Z∂è] fgUnh ds`^pkj–^lkj] fgUnh i[okÈMk 1–14 Sept.,2007, vkfn d`k;Z∂è vk;ksftr fd`, x,\

vU; xfrfof|;k∑ (Other Activities)■ efg¥k d`Y;k. (Women Welfare)%☛ Ministry of Women & Child

Development (GOI) ds` funsZækuqlkjMinistry of Civil Aviation (GOI) eÍ,d` ‘Gender Budgeting Cell’ d`kxBu fd`;k x;k gS] ftleÍ efg¥k mi–lfpo d`h v÷;”rk eÍ êq[ vf|d`kjh ds`rkSj ;g Cell efg¥k dèZpkfj;kÍ lslEcfU|r d`k;Z d`h leh”k d`j] mUgÍ d`k;ZlEcU|h lqfo|k,a ^nku d`jsxh\

☛ NACIL (National Aviation Companyof India Ltd.) vƒkZrΩ fo¥f;r Air IndiaLtd. NACIL (A) rƒk Indian AirlinesLtd. NACIL (I) eÍ efg¥k dèZpkfj;kÍ ds`d`Y;k. gsrq vusd` d`k;Z fd`, x, gß\HRD (Human Resource Develop-ment) ds` d`Y;k. vuqHkx eÍ ,d` efg¥k

ls¥ (Women Cell) gS] tks efg¥kdèZpkfj;kÍ d`h fæd`k;rÍ ntZ d`jrh gS\NACIL (I) eÍ 31 fnlEcj] 2007 d`ks 6SHDO dèZpkfj;kÍ lfgr dq`¥ 17,783dèZpkjh ƒs] ftleÍ ls 3212 efg¥kdèZpkjh ƒs\ efg¥k,a dÈiuh d`h dq`¥Jeæfâ` ds` 18·06% gß\

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■ fod`¥kax O;fâ`;kÍ gsrq lqfo|k,a (Faci-lities to Disabilities Persons)%

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lkjkaæ (Summary)mi;qZâ` fooj. ls la”si eÍ ;g fuÆd`"Z

fud`k¥k tk ld`rk gS fd` o"Z 2007–08 ds`nkSjku ukxj foekuu ea(k¥; (Ministry ofCivil Aviation, Government of India–GOI) }kjk vusd` mY¥s[uh; d`k;Z fofHUu”s(kÍ] tSls%vUrjkZÆV_h; vkSj varns Zæh;,;j¥kbUl] csgrj lEidZ`] vk|qfud` ,;jiksVZlqfo|k,a« ^fæ”.] fod`¥kaxkÍ gsrq lqfo|k,a]^nw". jksd`ƒke] lrZd`rk] jktHk"k ·fgUnh‚^;ksx] mÈMku ”erk eÍ o~f*] [s¥ ·f∂`ds`V/gkWd`h/ærjat vkfn VwukZeÍV‚ eÍ Hkx ¥sus ok¥hVhekÍ d`ks lqfo|k ^nku d`jus] ekuo lalk|ufod`kl lEcU|h ig¥Í (Initiatives) vkfn eÍfd`, x, gß ftlls ukxj foekuu ”s( eÍv^R;kfær o~f* ns[h xbZ gS] tks fo'o Lrjij mRÎ`ÆV jgh gS vkSj ;k(h ;krk;kr eÍ32·51% d`h o~f* gqbZ gS\ o"Z 2008 d`ksgs¥hd`kWIVj lsok o"Z (Year of HelicopterServices, 2008) ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k\ fu#lansg`!bl ”s( eÍ cgqvk;keh lao~f* us ge lcds`lkeus cn¥rh gqbZ ^Î`fr d`h pqukSfr;k∑ [ÈMhd`h gß\ vr#] HfoÆ; eÍ bu pqukSfr;kÍ d`k lkeukd`jus gsrq vkilh lg;ksx] lgk;rk ,oa leUo;d`h tÔjr gksxh\

æs" i~ÆB 805 ij


rdZ`”erk·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚

;wukbVsM bf≥M;k bU';ksjÍl dÈiuh ^æklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] 24-5-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

funsZæ—·^'u 1 ls 5 rd`‚ uhps fn,gq, ^'ukÍ eÍ +, –, ×, ÷ ,oa = ds` fpÕkÍ d`ksfuEuf¥f[r vƒksÛ eÍ ^;ksx fd`;k x;k gS—A + B d`k vfH^k; gS fd` A, B ls cÈMk

gS«A – B d`k vfH^k; gS fd A, B ls cÈMk

;k mlds` cjkcj gS«A × B d`k vfH^k; gS fd A, B ds` cjkcj

gS«A ÷ B d`k vfH^k; gS fd A, B ls NksVk

gS« ,oaA = B d`k vfH^k; gS fd A, B ls NksVk

;k mlds` cjkcj gS\^R;sd` ^'u ds` f¥, vkid`ks fn, gq,

oDrO;kÍ d`ks lR; ekud`j fu.Z; ¥suk gSfd` fn, gq, nksukÍ fuÆd`"ksÛ eÍ ls d`kSulk·d`kSuls‚ lR; gS·gß‚\ m®j nhft,—

(A) ;fn dsò¥ fuÆd`"Z I lR; gS«(B) ;fn dsò¥ fuÆd`"Z II lR; gS«(C) ;fn ;k rks fuÆd`"Z I ;k fuÆd`"Z

II lR; gS« ,oa(D) ;fn u rks fuÆd`"Z I vkSj u gh

fuÆd`"Z II lR; gS\

1. oDrO; :D = S, N + V, D × R, R + V

fuÆd`"Z : I. S + V

II. D + N

2. oDrO; :K × P, M ÷ J, C ÷ P, K = M

fuÆd`"Z : I. M + P

II. M × P

3. oDrO; :L – R, N × M, L ÷ M, N = P

fuÆd`"Z : I. M + R

II. R + P4. oDrO; :

W + K, S = Z, X – W, S × K

fuÆd`"Z : I. K × Z

II. X + K

5. oDrO; :P ÷ Q, W – N, P – N, T + W

fuÆd`"Z : I. P × W

II. Q ÷ W

funsZæ—·^'u 6 ls 10 rd`‚ uhps fn,gq, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ nks ;k rhu oDrO; fn,x, gß\ buds` uhps pkj fuÆd`"Z fn, x, gß\bu fuÆd`"ksÛ d`ks I, II, III ,oa IV }kj kvafd`r fd`;k x;k gS\ vkid`ks fn, gq,fuÆd`"ksÛ d`ks ;fn os lk|kj.r# Kkr rF;kÍls fHUu Hh gkÍ] rks Hh lR; ekuuk gS ,oamlds` i'pkrΩ fuf'pr d`juk gS fd` pkjkÍfuÆd`"ksÛ eÍ ls d`kSulk·d`kSuls‚ rkfd`Zd` Ôils fn, gq, oDrO;kÍ ls fud`¥rk gS·fud`¥rsgß‚\6. oDrO; : dq`N xhr HhÈM gß\

dq`N HhÈM nh?Z gß\fuÆd`"Z : I. dq`N xhr nh?Z gß\

II. d`ksbZ Hh xhr nh?ZugÓ gS\

III. dsò¥ nh?Z xhr gß\IV. dsò¥ xhr nh?Z gß\

(A) dsò¥ I fud`¥rk gS(B) dsò¥ III fud`¥rk gS(C) ;k rks I ;k II fud`¥rk gS(D) ;k rks III ;k IV fud`¥rk gS

7. oDrO; : dq`N pkVZ cjNs gß\lHh cjNs Bs¥s gß\dq`N Bs¥s rhoz gß\

fuÆd`"Z : I. dq`N pkVZ Bs¥s gß\II. dq`N Bs¥s cjNs gßIII. dq`N cjNs rhoz gß\IV. dq`N rhoz pkVZ gß\

(A) dsò¥ I ,oa II fud`¥rs gß(B) dsò¥ I ,oa III fud`¥rs gß(C) dsò¥ II ,oa III fud`¥rs gß(D) dsò¥ I, III ,oa IV fud`¥rs gß

8. oDrO; : lHh fjfDr;k∑ ægrhj gß\lHh iq¥ ægrhj gß\lHh iq¥ xk; gß\

fuÆd`"Z : I. dq`N xk; ægrhj gß\II. dq`N fjfDr;k∑ xk; gß\III. dq`N fjfDr;k∑ iq¥ gß\IV. dq`N iq¥ xk; ugÓ gß\

(A) dsò¥ I fud`¥rk gS(B) dsò¥ II fud`¥rk gS(C) dsò¥ I, II ,oa III fud`¥rs gß(D) d`ksbZ ugÓ fud`¥rk gS

9. oDrO; : dq`N phuh Ôlh ugÓ gß\lHh Ôlh v≠`hd`h gß\dq`N v≠`hd`h Hkjrh; gß\

fuÆd`"Z : I. dq`N phuh v≠`hd`hugÓ gß\

II. dq`N phuh Hkjrh;ugÓ gß\

III. lHh Ôlh Hkjrh; gß\IV. dq`N Hkjrh; phuh gß\

(A) dsò¥ II fud`¥rk gS(B) dsò¥ III fud`¥rk gS(C) dsò¥ IV fud`¥rk gS(D) ;k rks II ;k IV fud`¥rk gS

10. oDrO;`: lHh pkd` iuhj gß\d`ksbZ Hh iuhj t¥iksr ugÓ gS\dq`N >q≥M t¥iksr gß\

fuÆd`"Z : I. dq`N >q≥M pkd` ugÓ gß\II. dq`N >q≥M iuhj gß\

III. dq`N iuhj >q≥M ugÓ gß\IV. d`ksbZ Hh pkd` t¥iksr

ugÓ gS\(A) I, II ,oa IV fud`¥rs gß(B) ;k rks II ;k III ,oa IV fud`¥rs gß(C) II ,oa III fud`¥rs gß(D) II ,oa IV fud`¥rs gßfunsZZæ—·^'u 11 l s 15 rd`‚ fd`lh

æCn-foU;kl eæhu eÍ tc dq`N foæs" æCnfuosæ fd`, x,] rks og mud`ks ,d` foæs"fu;e d`k ik¥u d`jrs gq, ∂èc* d`jnsrh gS\ fuosæ ,oa ∂èc* d`jus d`h LVsikÍd`k fp(. fuEuorΩ gS—fuosæ : CRI END YAM STU THE

LVsi I : YAM THE CRI END STU

LVsi II : YAM THE STU END CRI

LVsi III : STU CRI YAM THE END

LVsi IV : STU CRI END THE YAM

,oa blh ^d`kj eæhu vkxs p¥rhtkrh gS\ rdZ` d`k v÷;;u d`hft, ,oa ^'ukÍds` m®j nhft,\11. ;fn fd`lh fuosæ d`h LVsi VII

‘OVER THE PRE NEW BONE’gS] rks ml fuosæ d`h LVsi IV D;k gS=(A) BONE THE PRE OVERNEW(B) THE PRE BONE NEWOVER(C) THE BONE PRE OVERNEW(D) PRE BONE THE OVERNEW

12. uhps fn, x, fuosæ ds` f¥,—SYM REACH LAD PHOTOCAL


fuEuf¥f[r foU;kl d`kSulk LVsigksxk=REACH LAD PHOTO SYMCAL(A) VI (B) V(C) IV (D) III

13. ;fn fd`lh fn, gq, fuosæ d`h LVsiVI ‘MAP IND PAK RUS ENG’gS] rks fuosæ D;k gksxk=(A) IND MAP PAK RUS ENG(B) IND MAP ENG RUS PAK(C) ENG RUS IND PAK MAP(D) RUS MAP IND ENG PAK

14. fuEuf¥f[r fuosæ d`h LVsi VIII D;kgksxh=fuosæ`# BANK CRIS ATTRACT

WITH PRIZE(A) PRIZE WITH CRISATTRACT(B) CRIS BANK PRIZE WITHATTRACT(C) PRIZE WITH BANKATTRACT CRIS(D) CRIS BANK ATTRACTWITH PRIZE

15. d`kSuls LVsi eÍ geÍ ogh foU;kl ^kIrgksxk] tksfd` fuosæ gS=(A) VIII (B) IX

(C) X (D) XI

funsZæ—·^'u 16 l s 20 rd`‚ uhpsfn, gq, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ ,d` oDrO; fn;kx;k gS ftlds` uhps rhu iwokZuqeku fn, x,gß\ bu iwokZuqekukÍ d`ks I, II ,oa III vafd`rfd`;k x;k gS\ fd`lh Hh iwokZuqeku d`ks ;nk-d`nk eku ;k Lohd`kj d`j f¥;k tkrk gS\vkid`ks oDrO; ,oa iwokZuqeku d`ks ÷;ku eÍj[d`j fu.Z; ¥suk gS fd` iwokZuqekukÍ eÍ lsd`kSulk oDrO; eÍ vUrfuZfgr gS\ rcfuf'pr d`juk gS (A), (B), (C) ;k (D) eÍls d`kSulk m®j lgh gS=16. oDrO; # fiN¥s lkr fnukÍ eÍ fVd`VkÍ

d`h fc∂`h d`ks ns[rs gq, ljd`lvf|d`kfj;kÍ us [s¥ d`ks vx¥s iUnzgfnu rd` pk¥w j[us d`k fu.Z; f¥;k\bueÍ lIrkgkÍ ds` vUr ds` nks fnu Hhækfe¥ gß\iwokZuqeku #I. ¥ksx lIrkg ds` vfUre fnukÍ eÍ

[s¥ ns[us ugÓ vk,axs\II. ljd`l vkus ok¥s ¥ksxkÍ d`h

vkSlr la“;k ¥xHx ogh gksxhtks fiN¥s lkr fnu ƒh\

III. nwljs LƒkukÍ ij i;kZIr frf∂`;k,augÓ gkÍxh\

(A) d`ksbZ Hh vUrfuZfgr ugÓ gS(B) dsò¥ II vUrfuZfgr gS(C) I ,oa II nksukÍ vUrfuZfgr gß(D) dsò¥ III vUrfuZfgr gS

17. oDrO; # Vs¥hœ`ksu dÈiuh us xzkgd`kÍd`ks uksfVl Hstd`j lwfpr fd`;k fd`tks ns; frfƒ rd` fc¥ d`k HqxrkuugÓ d`jÍxs muls ^R;sd` vnk;xh fnuds` f¥, tqekZuk f¥;k tk,xk\iwokZuqeku #I. vf|d`kaæ ¥ksx tqekZus ls cpus

ds` f¥, ns; frfƒ rd` viusfc¥kÍ d`k Hqxrku d`j nÍxs\

II. tqekZus ds` Ôi eÍ bd`VΩBk fd`;kgqvk |u nsjh ls gq, Hqxrku lsgqbZ gkfu d`ks iwjk d`j nsxk\

III. ¥ksx lkekU;r# bl ^d`kj dsùksfVlkÍ d`h vksj ÷;ku nsrs gß\

(A) dsò¥ I ,oa II vUrfuZfgr gß(B) dsò¥ II ,oa III vUrfuZfgr gß(C) dsò¥ I ,oa III vUrfuZfgr gß(D) lHh vUrfuZfgr gß

18. oDrO; # jkÆV_h; foekuokgd` usVkmu ‘A’ ls Vkmu ‘B’ d`h lkIrkfgdòk;qlsok vkjEH d`jus d`k fu.Z; f¥;kgS\iwokZuqeku #I. lapk¥u d`ks vkfƒZd` Ôi ls

O;ogk;Z cukus ds` f¥, i;kZIr;k(h gkÍxs\

II. vU; okgd` bl ^d`kj d`h lsokvkjEH ugÓ d`jÍxs\

III. bu VkmukÍ ds` vkl-ikl jgusok¥s O;fDr gokbZ ;k(k d`k [pkZcnkZ'r d`j ld`rs gß\

(A) dsò¥ I vUrfuZfgr gS(B) II ,oa III nksukÍ vUrfuZfgr gß(C) I ,oa II nksukÍ vUrfuZfgr gß(D) lHh vUrfuZfgr gß

19. oDrO; # fe(kÍ ds` ,d` lewg us ¥ksxkÍd`h HhÈM ls cpus ds` f¥, vx¥svod`kæ ds` le; ne nek ¥sd`fid`fud` ij tkus d`k fu.Z; f¥;k\iwokZuqeku #

I. lkekU;r# vf|d` ¥ksx ne nek>h¥ ugÓ tkrs gß\

II. ¥ksx ne nek >h¥ ds` v¥kokvU; LƒkukÍ d`ks ilUn d`jrs gß\

III. cgqr ls ¥ksxkÍ d`ks ne nek >h¥ds` ckjs eÍ irk ugÓ gS\

(A) dsò¥ I vUrfuZfgr gS

(B) dsò¥ II vUrfuZfgr gS(C) dsò¥ I ,oa II vUrfuZfgr gß(D) lHh vUrfuZfgr gß

20. oDrO; # ∏rqjUr vkf|iR; ds` f¥,U;k;k¥; ”s( eÍ ,d` nks æ;ud`”Œ¥SV d`h vko';d`rk gSπ

—,d` foKkiu\iwokZuqeku #I. U;k;k¥; ”s( eÍ Œ¥SV mi¥C| gß\II. dq`N O;fDr foKkiu d`k tokc

nÍxs\III. bl ^d`kj ds` foKkiu nsus d`h

,d` ^ƒk gS\(A) dsò¥ I ,oa II vUrfuZfgr gß(B) dsò¥ II vUrfuZfgr gS(C) dsò¥ III vUrfuZfgr gS(D) lHh vUrfuZfgr gß

funsZæ—·^\ 21 vkSj 22‚ Δk~a[¥k d`ksiwjk d`hft,—21. p q – r q p – q r r q – p – r r q p p

– r(A) r q p q r (B) q p r r q(C) q r p r p (D) r p p q q

22. n n t – q q n – t t – q n n – t q –(A) n n q t q (B) q n t n q(C) t n q t q (D) t t q t q

funsZæ—·^\ 23 vkSj 24‚ uhps nh gqbZlwpuk d`ks ÷;kuiwoZd` iÈ<d`j ^'ukÍ d`km®j nhft,—

P + Q ls rkRi;Z gS fd` P, Q d`k HkbZ gS«P – Q ls rkRi;Z gS fd` P, Q d`h cgu gS«P × Q ls rkRi;Z gS fd` P, Q d`k firk gS«

,oaP ÷ Q ls rkRi;Z gS fd` P, Q d`h ek∑ gS\

23. A ÷ B – C × D, rc A gS D d`h—(A) cgu (B) pkph(C) ek∑ (D) nknh

24. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;g nækZrkgS fd` V, Y d`h nknh gS=(A) V × R + K ÷ Y

(B) V ÷ R × K – Y

(C) V ÷ R ÷ K × Y

(D) V × R – K ÷ Y

25. æCn STRAIGHT FORWARD eÍv”jkÍ ds` ,sls fd`rus ;qXe gß ftuds`chp eÍ v”jkÍ d`h la“;k vaxzsth d`ho.Zek¥k eÍ mu v”jkÍ ds` chp ds`v”jkÍ d`h la“;k ds` cjkcj gS`=(A) 4 (B) 5

(C) 6 (D) 7


funsZæ—·^'u 26 ls 30 rd`‚ uhps fn,gq, ^'ukÍ eÍ] æCnkÍ eÍ ,d` fuf'pr lEcU|gS\ vkid`k d`k;Z ml fod`Yi d`ks Kkr d`jukgS ftlds` æCnkÍ eÍ ogh lEcU| gS\26. nw| # eD[u

(A) ds`¥k # œ`¥(B) twl # LokLF;(C) ¥d`ÈMh # d`kxt(D) fepZ # elk¥s

27. gSV # æh"Z ifj|ku(A) ækdZ` # eN¥h(B) exjePN # d`Nqvk(C) twrk # tqjkcÍ(D) nLrkuk # gkƒ

28. ?ksÈMk # xk;(A) nw| # vkbl∂`he(B) eax¥ # pUnzek(C) cœZ` # t¥(D) xq¥kch # uh¥k

29. ck¥ # flj(A) nk∑r # eq∑g(B) pk;–if®;k∑ # ioZr <¥ku(C) gkƒ # ck∑g(D) iVjh # lÈMd`

30. vxz # i'p(A) vkd`kæ # vUrfj”(B) Lƒ¥ # leqnz(C) m®j # nf”.(D) psgjk # xnZu

funsZæ—·^'u 31 ls 35 rd`‚ ^'ukÍds` m®j nsus ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r lwpukd`ks ÷;kuiwoZd` ifÈ<,—

A, B, C, D ,oa E, P, Q, R, S ,oa Tds` iq( gß] ijUrq blh ∂è eÍ ugÓ\ uhps nhgqbZ lwpuk ds` vk|kj ij lgh ek∑ ,oa iq(d`k fe¥ku d`hft,—

Q, B ;k C d`h ek∑ ugÓ gS\ A ;k E d`hek∑ T ugÓ gS\ C, R d`k iq( ugÓ gS\ E, Q ;kS d`k iq( ugÓ gS rƒk mld`h ek∑ d`k uke‘R’ v”j ls vkjEH ugÓ gksrk gS\ A d`hek∑ Q ;k R ugÓ gS\

31. S d`k iq( d`kSu gS=(A) A (B) B(C) C (D) D

32. C d`h ek∑ d`kSu gS=(A) P (B) R(C) S (D) T

33. Q d`k iq( d`kSu gS=(A) A (B) D(C) B (D) E

34. P d`k iq( d`kSu gS=(A) B (B) C(C) D (D) E

35. R d`k iq( d`kSu gS=(A) E (B) A(C) B (D) D

funsZæ—·^'u 36 ls 40 rd`‚ uhps nhgqbZ ^R;sd` Δk~a[¥k eÍ nks in d`ksÆBd`kÍ eÍfn, x, gß\ m®j-i~ÆB eÍ vafd`r d`hft,—

(A) ;fn d`ksÆBd`kÍ eÍ fn, gq, nksukÍ inlgh gß«

(B) ;fn ig¥s d`ksÆBd` eÍ fn;k gqvk inlgh gS ,oa nwljs d`ksÆBd` eÍ fn;kgqvk in x¥r gS«

(C) ;fn ig¥s d`ksÆBd` eÍ fn;k gqvk inx¥r gS ,oa nwljs d`ksÆBd` eÍ fn;kgqvk in lgh gS« ,oa

(D) ;fn nksukÍ d`ksÆBd`kÍ eÍ fn, gq, inx¥r gß\

36. 5, 17, (30), 73, 129, (225)

37. 11, 29, (55), 89, (131), 181

38. 3, 12, 28, 32, (42), (57), 61, 70,86

39. 2, 3, 6, (11), 18, (27), 38

40. 4, 14, (18), (24), 31, 36, 38, 48,53

funsZæ—·^'u 41 ls 45 rd`‚ uhps fn,gq, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ v”jkÍ ds` pkj lewgfn, x, gß\ bueÍ ls rhu fd`lh otg ls,d` tSls gß] tcfd ,d` ml otg ls vU;rhukÍ ls fHUu gS\ fo"e d`ks Kkr d`hft,\

41. (A) YNHIA (B) SGRFI

(C) ISEPU (D) FHUJU

42. (A) PROUD (B) DRIVER

(C) WHEAT (D) TRAIN

43. (A) CXHIA (B) RCFGL

(C) MTOWF (D) CPRSV

44. (A) JOT (B) OUT(C) TEN (D) DIN

45. (A) HR (B) GT(C) KP (D) FU

funsZæ—·^'u 46 l s 49 rd`‚ fuEu-f¥f[r lwpuk d`ks ÷;ku ls iÈ<d`j mldsùhps fn, gq, ^'ukÍ d`k m®j nhft,—

;fn ik∑p ijh”kƒhZ P, Q, R, S ,oa Td`h fLƒfr;kÍ d`ks muds` la“;kRed` ;ksX;rkeÍ ^kIrkad`kÍ ds` cÈ<rs gq, ∂è eÍ ∂èc*fd`;k tk,] rks T pkSƒk ,oa S ^ƒe gS\ tcmud`h fLƒfr;kÍ d`k s muds` lkekU;tkud`kjh eÍ ^kIrkad`kÍ ds` cÈ<rs gq, ∂è eÍ∂èc* fd`;k tkrk gS] rks P, T d`k Lƒku

¥s ¥srk gS ,oa T, Q d`k Lƒku ¥s ¥srk gS\R d`h fLƒfr nksukÍ ∂èkÍ eÍ ogh jgrh gS\ Qds` ^kIrkad` ,d` ijh”. eÍ lcls dè rƒknwljs eÍ lcls T;knk gß\ P ds` ^kIrkad`la“;kRed` ;ksX;rk eÍ R ls vf|d` gß\46. lkekU; tkud`kjh eÍ fd`lus lcls

vf|d` vad` ^kIr fd`, gß=(A) Q (B) T

(C) S (D) R

47. la“;kRed` ;ksX;rk eÍ fd`lus lclsvf|d` vad` ^kIr fd`, gß=(A) S (B) R

(C) P (D) Q

48. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l lewg dsìjh”kfƒZ;kÍ us viuh fLƒfr eÍ lkekU;tkud`kjh eÍ la“;kRed` ;ksX;rk d`hvis”k lq|kj d`j f¥;k=(A) SPT (B) PSR

(C) QST (D) SPQ

49. lkekU; tkud`kjh eÍ fd`lds` ^kIrkad`]R ds` lkekU; tkud`kjh eÍ ^kIrkad`kÍ lsvf|d` gß=(A) dsò¥ P ds`(B) P, Q ,oa S ds`(C) P, S ,oa T ds`(D) P, Q ,oa T ds`

funsZæ—·^'u 50 ls 54 rd`‚ fuEu-f¥f[r lwpuk d`ks ÷;ku ls iÈ<d`j fn, gq,^'ukÍ ds` m®j nhft,—

uhps fn, gq, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ nks lads`ræCn d`ksM Hk"k eÍ f¥[s x, gß\ d`ksMlekud` ds` v”j vko';d` Ôi ls mlh∂è eÍ ugÓ gß ftleÍ fd` lads`r æCn ds`v”j gß ftuds` os ^rhd` gß\ muds` uhps,d` rhljk æCn fn;k x;k gS ftld`ks pkjfofHUu d`ksM Hk"kvkÍ eÍ ml Hk"k d`ks HhlfEef¥r d`jrs gq, ftleÍ lads`r æCnf¥[s x, gß] f¥[k x;k gS\ og fod`YiKkr d`hft, tks lads`r æCn ds` d`ksM eÍrhljs æCn d`k d`ksM lekud` gks\ oghvkid`k m®j gS\

50. MASTER bnpqvx

SECOND abjnow

NORTH

(A) abnvx (B) bnqvx

(C) amvwx (D) abnwx

51. STEAL fjkps

EARN fnpt

BLEAK

(A) fgjmp (B) gnkpt

(C) fgjkp (D) fjnps


52. COLUMN aioqrwBIRTH gmtvxLENGTH(A) grtuvx (B) aimvwy(C) mrstwx (D) kmnrvw

53. POSTMAN bfglrvz

OMEN dfrz

NORTH

(A) bclrz (B) bcfoz

(C) dfrvz (D) dfgrz

54. RAISE nprtu

CLASH bruxy

SLATE

(A) mruxy (B) mnruy

(C) nprty (D) npruy

55. fd`lh d`ksM eÍ CAMEL d`ks XPOGT,oa RABBITS d`ks YPUULFZf¥[k x;k gS\ ml d`ksM eÍ AIR-MAIL d`ks D;k f¥[k tk,xk=(A) PIYOPLT (B) PLYOPTL

(C) PLROPLT (D) PLYOPLT

funsZæ—·^'u 5 6 ls 6 0 rd`‚ uhpsfn, gq, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ] pkjkÍ oSd`fYid`lewgkÍ eÍ ls la“;kvkÍ d`k og lewg Nk∑fV,tks fn, gq, lewg tSlk gS—

56. fn;k gqvk lSV # (12, 123, 25)(A) (16, 129, 30)(B) (16, 117, 25)(C) (8, 77, 15)(D) (8, 121, 35)

57. fn;k gqvk lSV # (46, 57, 68)(A) (35, 64, 38)(B) (26, 44, 62)(C) (28, 48, 74)(D) (45, 56, 48)

58. fn;k gqvk lSV # (36, 64, 84)(A) (24, 45, 58)

(B) (32, 68, 82)

(C) (28, 62, 76)

(D) (16, 25, 54)

59. fn;k gqvk lSV # (194, 142, 98)(A) (158, 134, 92)(B) (62, 34, 14)(C) (184, 128, 78)(D) (74, 38, 18)

60. fn;k gqvk lSV # (34, 50, 66)

(A) (50, 68, 86)

(B) (38, 50, 76)

(C) (36, 50, 78)

(D) (50, 64, 98)

m®j O;k“;k lfgr


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fofo/k(Miscellaneous)(Miscellaneous)

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vkjksX;-2009%vkBok∑ LokLF; es¥kvkjksX;-2009 ubZ fnY¥h ds` ^xfr eSnkueÍ 18–21 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks lEiUu gqvk\

Mkd` foHkx tkjh d`jsxk lksus ds`Mkd` fVd`V

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lñh vjc eÍ ig¥k lgf'k{k.fo'ofo»k¥;%lfn;kÍ d`h lkekftd` ÔfÈ<;kÍd`ks rksÈMrs gq, lñh vjc us ns'k eÍ ig¥klgf'k{k. fo'ofo»k¥; LFkkfir fd`;k gS]ftleÍ Nk(kvkÍ d`ks fcuk cqdsZ` ds` d`{kkvkÍeÍ vkus d`h vuqefr nh tk,xh\ HfoÆ; dsòSKkfud`] bathfu;j vkSj ^kS»ksfxd`h fo'ks"KrS;kj d`jus ds` mˆs'; ls bl vR;k|qfud`'kks| vkSj ^kS»ksfxd`h laLFkku d`h LFkkiuk10 vjc MkW¥j d`h ¥kxr ls d`h xbZ gS\bld`k mnΩ?kVu lñh vjc ds` 'kkgvCnqY¥k fcu vCnq¥ vtht us23 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks fd`;k\

bZjku }kjk dè o e÷;e nwjh d`hfelkb¥kÍ ds` ijh”.%if'peh nsækÍ ds` lkƒruko ds` nkSj ds` chp bZjku us dè ,oae÷;e nwjh d`h felkb¥kÍ d`k ijh”. flrEcj2009 ds` vafre lIrkg eÍ fd`;k\ dè nwjhd`h ijhf”r felkb¥kÍ eÍ VkÍMkj-69, œ`rsg-110 o ts¥tk¥ ækfe¥ gß\ 100 ls 400fdèh d`h nwjh rd` ekjd` ”erk ok¥h bufelkb¥kÍ ds` 27 flrEcj ds` ijh”. ds`vx¥s gh fnu 2000 fdèh rd` d`h nwjh rd`d`h ekjd` ”erk ok¥h lkfTt¥ o ægkc-3felkb¥kÍ ds` ijh”. mlus fd`,\ ●●●

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rdZ`æfDr ijh”k·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚

LVsV cßd` vkWœ` bf≥M;k foæs"K vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] 26-7-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

01. ELRU ds v”jkÍ ls vaxzsth ds fd`rusvƒZ iw.Z æCn cu ld`rs gß tc fd`^R;sd` æCn eÍ ^R;sd` v”j flœZ` ,d`ckj ^;ksx fd`;k tk,=(A) ,d` Hh ugÓ (B) ,d`(C) nks (D) rhu(E) rhu ls vf|d`

02. æCn STAPLER eÍ ,sls fd`rus v”j–;qXe gß ftueÍ ^R;sd` ds` chp mrus ghv”j gß ftrus fd` vaxzsth o.Zek¥k eÍmuds` chp gksrs gß=(A) ,d` Hh ugÓ (B) ,d`(C) nks (D) rhu(E) rhu ls vf|d`

03. uhps fn, x, ik∑p eÍ ls d`ksbZ pkjfd`lh ^d`kj leku gß rƒk ,d` lewgd`h jpuk d`jrs gß\ d`kSulk ,d` mllewg ds` vUrxZr ugÓ vkrk`=(A) Magenta (B) Purple

(C) Pink (D) Grey

(E) Blue

04. ;fn fd`lh lkads`frd` Hk"k eÍ DOUBTd`ks 53146 rƒk TEAM d`ks 6972f¥[k tkrk gS rks mlh Hk"k eÍABODE d`ks fd`l ^d`kj f¥[ktk,xk=(A) 74659 (B) 73459

(C) 75439 (D) 74359


05. uhps fn, x, ik∑p eÍ ls d`ksbZ pkjfd`lh ^d`kj leku gß rƒk vr# ,d`lewg d`h jpuk d`jrs gß\ d`kSulk ,d`ml lewg ds` vUrxZr ugÓ vkrk gS=(A) Sitar (B) Flute(C) Violin (D) Santoor(E) Sarod

06. ;fn la“;k 69143875 ds` vad`kÍ d`ks?Vrs ∂è eÍ f¥[k tk, rks fd`rusvad`kÍ d`h fLƒfr eÍ ifjorZu ugÓ gksxk=(A) ,d` Hh ugÓ (B) ,d`(C) nks (D) rhu(E) rhu ls vf|d`

07. ;fn fd`lh lkads`frd` Hk"k eÍ ‘whereare you’ d`ks ‘pit ka ta’; ‘are they

there’ d`ks ‘sa da ka’ rƒk ‘theymay come’ d`ks ‘da na ja’ f¥[ktkrk gS rks mlh Hk"k eÍ ‘there’ ds`f¥, D;k dw`V gS=(A) da(B) sa(C) ka(D) tkud`kjh v|wjh gS(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

08. ;fn fd`lh lkads`frd` Hk"k eÍ‘DOCUMENTS’ ds` f¥,‘VDPENRSMD’ f¥[k tkrk gS rksmlh Hk"k eÍ ‘ADVERTISE’ d`ksfd`l ^d`kj f¥[Íxs=(A) FWEBSDRHS

(B) FWENSSHRD

(C) BEDFSDRHS

(D) FWEBSFMLD


09. fuEuf¥f[r v”j Js.h eÍ vx¥kv”j D;k gksxk=A B C D E F Z Y X W V U A BC D E Z Y X V U A B C D E ZY X W V

(A) U (B) A

(C) B (D) Z


10. P, Q, R, S vkSj T eÍ ls ^R;sd` ds`^kIrkad` v¥x–v¥x gß\ Q ds` ^kIrkad`dsò¥ T ls vf|d` gß rƒk P ds`^kIrkad` S ls vf|d` ijUrq R ls dègß\ lcls vf|d` ^kIrkad` fd`lds` gß=(A) P (B) S

(C) R (D) T(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

funsZæ%·^'u 11 ls 14 rd`‚ ^R;sd`^'u uhps nh xbZ Js.h ij vk|kfjr gS\7 M 4 P % J V 1 K 3 @ E W 2 Q © 6T A ★ 8 Z I 5 $ F U # 9 H N

11. mi;qZâ` O;oLƒk eÍ ckbÛ vksj ls 19oÍrRo ds` ckbÛ vksj 6ok∑ rRo D;k gS=(A) $ (B) T

(C) W (D) A


12. mi;qZâ` O;oLƒk eÍ ,sls fd`rus O;Utugß ftueÍ ls ^R;sd ds` Bhd` ig¥s d`ksbZlads`r gks rƒk Bhd` ckn eÍ d`ksbZ la“;kgks=(A) ,d` Hh ugÓ (B) ,d`(C) nks (D) rhu(E) rhu ls vf|d`

13. mi;qZâ` O;oLƒk eÍ ,slh fd`ruh la“;k,agß ftueÍ ls ^R;sd` ds` Bhd` ig¥sd`ksbZ O;Utu gks rƒk Bhd` ckn eÍ Hhd`ksbZ O;Utu gks=(A) ,d` Hh ugÓ (B) ,d`(C) nks (D) rhu(E) rhu ls vf|d`

14. ;fn mi;qZâ` O;oLƒk eÍ ls lHh lads`rgVk fn, tk,a rks nkbÛ vksj ls 12ok∑rRo d`kSulk gksxk`=(A) Q (B) 6

(C) 2 (D) T


funsZæ%·^'u 15 ls 18 rd`‚ uhps fn,x, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ rhu d`ƒu vkSj mlds`rhu fuÆd`"Z I, II vkSj III fn, x, gß\vkid`ks fn, x, rhukÍ d`ƒukÍ d`ks lR; ekuukgS H¥s gh os loZKkr rF;kÍ ls fHUu ^rhrgksrs gkÍ\ lHh fuÆd`"ksÛ d`ks ifÈ<, fœ`j r;d`hft, fd` fn, x, fuÆd`"ksÛ eÍ ls d`kSulkfuÆd`"Z fn, x, d`ƒukÍ d`k rdZ`laxr Ôi lsvuqlj. d`jrk gS] pkgs loZKkr rF; dq`NHh gkÍ\

15. d`ƒu% lHh LVksj Vksd`fj;k∑ gß\dq`N Vksd`fj;k∑ NfÈM;k∑ gß\lHh NfÈM;k∑ psuÍ gß\

fuÆd`"Z%I. dq`N psuÍ LVksj gß\II. dq`N NfÈM;k∑ LVksj gß\III. dq`N psuÍ Vksd`fj;k∑ gß\(A) d`ksbZ vuqlj. ugÓ d`jrk gS(B) dsò¥ I vuqlj. d`jrk gS(C) dsò¥ II vuqlj. d`jrk gS(D) dsò¥ III vuqlj. d`jrk gS(E) dsò¥ II o III vuqlj. d`jrs gß

16. d`ƒu% dq`N MsLd` dq`flZ;k∑ gß\lHh dq`flZ;k∑ jfLl;k∑ gß\dq`N jfLl;k∑ nhokjÍ gß\

fuÆd`"Z% I. dq`N jfLl;k∑ MsLd` gß\II. dq`N nhokjÍ dq`flZ;k∑ gß\III. dq`N jfLl;k∑ dq`flZ;k∑ gß\

(A) dsò¥ I o II vuqlj. d`jrs gß(B) dsò¥ I o III vuqlj. d`jrs gß


(C) dsò¥ II o III vuqlj. d`jrs gß(D) I, II o III lHh vuqlj. d`jrs gß(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

17. d`ƒu% lHh dèjs rkjÍ gß\lHh rkjÍ lÈMdÍ` gß\lHh lÈMdÍ` d`kjÍ gß\

fuÆd`"Z% I. dq`N d`kjÍ dèjs gß\II. dq`N lÈMdÍ` dèjs gß\III. dq`N d`kjÍ rkjÍ gß\

(A) dsò¥ I o II vuqlj. d`jrs gß(B) dsò¥ II o III vuqlj. d`jrs gß(C) dsò¥ I o III vuqlj. d`jrs gß(D) I, II o III lHh vuqlj. d`jrs gß(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

18. d`ƒu% lHh est iÍfl¥Í gß\d`ksbZ iÍfl¥ ckWDl ugÓ gS\dq`N ckWDl eSV gß\

fuÆd`"Z% I. dq`N eSV iÍfl¥Í gß\II. dq`N ckWDl est gß\III. dq`N eSV est gß\

(A) d`ksbZ vuqlj. ugÓ d`jrk gS(B) dsò¥ I vuqlj. d`jrk gS(C) dsò¥ II vuqlj. d`jrk gS(D) dsò¥ III vuqlj. d`jrk gS(E) dsò¥ I o II vuqlj. d`jrs gß

funsZæ%·^'u 19 ls 24 rd`‚ fuEu-f¥f[r tkud`kjh d`ks ÷;ku ls ifÈ<, vkSjfn, x, ^'ukÍ ds` m®j nhft,\

æCn vkSj la“;k O;oLƒk d`h ,dèæhu d`ks tc æCnkÍ vkSj la“;kvkÍ d`h,d` buiqV ¥kbu nh tk, rks og ^R;sd`pj. eÍ ,d` [kl fu;e d`k ik¥u d`jrsgq, mUgÍ iquO;ZofLƒr d`jrh gS\ uhpsbuiqV vkSj iquO;ZoLƒk d`k ,d` mnkgj.fn;k x;k gS\buiqV jug 91 stable 24 46 32 over

cakepj. I 91 jug stable 24 46 32 over

cakepj. II 91 cake jug stable 24 46 32

overpj.`ÌII 91 cake 46 jug stable 24 32

overpj.`ÌV 91 cake 46 jug 32 stable 24

overpj. V 91 cake 46 jug 32 over

stable 24pj.``VI 91 cake 46 jug 32 over 24

stable

vkSj pj. VI iquO;ZoLƒk d`k vfUrepj. gS\

mi;qZâ` pj.kÍ eÍ viuk, x, fu;ekÍds` vuqlkj] fuEuf¥f[r ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ fn,x, buiqV ds` f¥, mfpr pj. d`k irk¥xkb,\19. buiqV #

break 72 pot new 28 36 17 store

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls vfUre ls ig¥kpj. d`kSulk gksxk=(A) IV (B) V(C) VI (D) VII


20. ,d` buiqV d`k pj. II gS #86 and 12 16 38 gone now far

iquO;ZoLƒk d`ks iwjk d`jus ds` f¥,vkSj fd`rus pj. pkfg,`=(A) rhu (B) pkj(C) ik∑p (D) N#(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

21. ,d` buiqV d`k pj. III gS\75 bond 69 12 yes town go 36

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fuf'prÔi ls buiqV gS=(A) 12 yes bond 75 69 ti wn go

36(B) bond 12 69 yes town go 36

75(C) 69 bond 75 12 yes town go

36

(D) fu|kZfjr ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

22. buiqV #32 for all get 12 19 high 45

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls pj. IV d`kSu lkgksxk=(A) 45 32 for all get 12 19 high

(B) 45 all 32 for get 12 19 high(C) 45 all 32 for 19 get 12 high

(D) ,slk d`ksbZ pj. ugÓ gksxk(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

23. ,d` buiqV d`k pj. II gS #59 come sow time 15 20 you 38

fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk vfUrepj. gksxk=(A) IV (B) VI(C) V (D) VII


24. buiqV #

new coat buy 16 23 49 tower 84

iquO;ZoLƒk d`ks iwjk d`jus ds` f¥, vkSjfd`rus pj. pkfg,=

(A) pkj (B) ik∑p(C) N# (D) lkr(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

funsZæ%·^'u 25 ls 30 rd`‚ fuEu-f¥f[r ^'ukÍ eÍ ★, $, %, @ vkSj © ^rhd`kÍd`k uhps crk, vuqlkj fuEuf¥f[r vƒksÛ eÍ^;ksx fd`;k x;k gS%‘P $ Q’ d`k vƒZ gS ‘P, Q ls NksVk ugÓ

gS’\‘P % Q’ d`k vƒZ gS ‘P, Q ls cÈMk ugÓ

gS’\‘P @ Q’ d`k vƒZ gS ‘P, Q ls u rks

NksVk gS u cjkcj’\‘P © Q’ d`k vƒZ gS ‘P, Q ls u rks

cÈMk gS u cjkcj’\‘P ★ Q’ d`k vƒZ gS ‘P, Q ls u rks

cÈMk gS u NksVk’\

vc fuEuf¥f[r ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ fn,x, d`ƒukÍ d`ks lR; ekurs gq, irk ¥xkb,fd` muds` uhps fn, x, rhu fuÆd`"Z I, IIvkSj III eÍ ls d`kSulk fuf'pr Ôi ls lR;gS vkSj rnuqlkj viuk m®j nhft,\25. d`ƒu% K @ T, T $ R, R ★ J

fuÆd`"Z% I. J ★ T

II. J © T

III. R © K

(A) dsò¥ I lR; gS(B) dsò¥ II lR; gS(C) dsò¥ III lR; gS(D) dsò¥ ;k rks I ;k II o III lR; gß(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

26. d`ƒu% D © R, R % F, F @ E

fuÆd`"Z% I. E © R

II. F @ D

III. F $ D

(A) dsò¥ I lR; gS(B) dsò¥ II lR; gS(C) dsò¥ III lR; gS(D) dsò¥ I o II lR; gß(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

27. d`ƒu% M ★ D, D $ T, T @ N

fuÆd`"Z% I. N © DII. T % M

III. N © M

(A) dsò¥ I o II lR; gß(B) dsò¥ II lR; gß(C) dsò¥ II o III lR; gß(D) dsò¥ I o III lR; gß(E) I, II o III lHh lR; gß


28. d`ƒu% W $ H, H @ M, M % T

fuÆd`"Z% I. T @ HII. M % W

III. T @ W

(A) d`ksbZ lR; ugÓ gS(B) dsò¥ I lR; gS(C) dsò¥ II lR; gS(D) dsò¥ III lR; gS(E) dsò¥ II o III lR; gß

29. d`ƒu% B % R, R @ K, K $ N

fuÆd`"Z% I. N © RII. N % R

III. N © B

(A) d`ksbZ lR; ugÓ gS(B) dsò¥ III lR; gS(C) dsò¥ I lR; gS(D) dsò¥ I o II lR; gß(E) dsò¥ II lR; gS

30. d`ƒu% J © D, D ★ H, H % F

fuÆd`"Z% I. H @ JII. F $ D

III. F @ J

(A) dsò¥ I o II lR; gß(B) dsò¥ I o III lR; gß(C) dsò¥ II o III lR; gß(D) I, II o III lHh lR; gß(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

funsZæ%·^'u 31 ls 35 rd`‚ bueÍ ls ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ ,d` v”j lewg vkSj mlds`ckn vad`kÍ vkSj ^rhd`kÍ ds` pkj la;kstu (A), (B), (C) o (D) fn, x, gß\ v”jkÍ d`ksuhps nh xbZ ;kstuk vkSj ærksÛ ds` vuqlkj vad`kÍ/^rhd`kÍ ds` d`ksM fn, tk,axs\ vkid`ks irk¥xkuk gS fd` d`kSulk la;kstu v”jkÍ ds` lewg d`k lgh <ax ls fuÔi. d`jrk gS vkSjrnuqlkj viuk m®j nækZuk gS\ ;fn d`ksbZ Hh la;kstu lgh u gks rks vkid`k m®j gksxk(E) vƒkZrΩ ‘bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ’\v”j # L T B E F R P H I J N A Q D Uvad`/^rhd` d`ksM # 3 5 # 4 2 1 9 % $ 6 7 8 ★ ↑ @

ærksÛ%(i) ;fn ig¥k v”j Loj gS vkSj vfUre v”j O;atu gS] rks muds` d`ksM ijLij cn¥

tk,axs(ii) ;fn ig¥k vkSj vfUre v”j Loj gS] nksukÍ d`ks © d`ksM fn;k tk,xk\(iii) ;fn ig¥k v”j O;atu gS vkSj vfUre v”j Loj gS] rks nksukÍ d`ks Loj d`k d`ksM

fn;k tk,xk\

31. TFJNLA

(A) 526738 (B) 526735

(C) 826738 (D) 826735


32. EFUHDI

(A) 42@%↑$ (B) $2@%↑$

(C) 42@%↑4 (D) ©2@%↑©


33. RPIUBL

(A) 19$@#3 (B) 39$@#1

(C) ©9$@#© (D) 39$@#3


34. JQEBFI

(A) 6★4#2$ (B) $★4#2$

(C) 6★4#26 (D) $★4#26


35. UHFRND

(A) @%217↑ (B) ©%217↑

(C) ↑%217↑ (D) @%217@


funsZæ%·^'u 36 ls 40 rd`‚ bu ^'ukÍd`k m®j nsus ds` f¥, bl tkud`kjh d`ks ÷;kuls ifÈ<,\

lkr fe( A, B, C, D, E, F o Glkseokj ls jfookj rd` v¥x–v¥x fnuLVst æks d`k ^næZu d`jrs gß] ¥sfdùtÔjh ugÓ fd` mlh ∂è eÍ\ ^R;sd` ,d`fHUu vkbVe fn[krk gS ;ƒk laxhr] u~R;]fefe∂`h] ukVd`] okn–fookn] Lihp vkSjeksuks¥kWx] ¥sfdù tÔjh ugÓ fd` mlh ∂è eÍ‘B’ xq:okj d`ks ‘ukVd`’ d`k ^næZu d`jrkgS vkSj ‘E’ jfookj d`ks ‘laxhr’ d`k\ ‘G’‘fefe∂`h’ d`k ^næZu eax¥okj ;k æfuokjd`ks ugÓ d`jrk gS\ ‘C’ d`k ^næZu ‘G’ ds`^næZu ds` vx¥s fnu gksrk gS\ ‘D’ viuk^næZu lkseokj d`ks d`jrk gS ¥sfdù og

‘u~R;’ ;k ‘okn–fookn’ ugÓ d`jrk\ `‘A’‘eksuks¥kWx’ fn[krk gS tks ‘Lihp’ ds` vx¥sfnu gksrk gS\ ‘u~R;’ d`k ^næZu æfuokj d`ksugÓ gksrk\

36. ‘u~R;’ d`kSu d`jrk gS=(A) C (B) F

(C) D (D) C ;k D(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

37. ‘D’ d`kSulh vkbVe fd`l fnu ^næZud`jrk gS=(A) fefe∂`h % lkseokj(B) laxhr % eax¥okj(C) ukVd` % cq|okj(D) Lihp % lkseokj(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

38. ‘A’ lIrkg ds` fd`l fnu ^næZu d`jrkgS=(A) eax¥okj (B) cq|okj(C) æq∂òkj (D) æfuokj(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

39. ‘G’ lIrkg ds` fd`l fnu ^næZu d`jrkgS=(A) cq|okj(B) æfuokj(C) eax¥okj(D) fu|kZfjr ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

40. ‘okn–fookn’ d`k ^næZu d`kSu d`jrk gS=(A) B (B) D

(C) F (D) C


funsZæ%·^'u 41 ls 45 rd`‚ egRoiw.Z^'ukÍ ds` ckjs eÍ fu.Z; d`jrs le; ‘Bksl’vkSj ‘dètksj’ rdZ` eÍ ^Hsn d`j ldùkokaNuh; gksrk gS\ ‘Bksl’ rdZ` egRoiw.Z vkSj^'u ls lh|s lEcfU|r gksrs gß\ ‘dètksj’rdZ` dè egRoiw.Z gksrs gß vkSj ^'u ls lh|slEcfU|r ugÓ Hh gks ld`rs gß ;k fœ`j^'u ds fd`lh ux≥; ig¥w ls lEcfU|r gksld`rs gß\

uhps fn, x, ^R;sd` ^'u ds` ckn nksrdZ` I vkSj II fn, x, gß\ vkid`ks ;g r;d`juk gS fd` d`kSulk rdZ` ‘Bksl’ gS vkSjd`kSulk rdZ` ‘dètksj’ gS\ m®j nhft,%(A) ;fn dsò¥ rdZ` I Bksl gS\(B) ;fn dsò¥ rdZ` II Bksl gS\(C) ;fn ;k rks rdZ` I ;k rdZ` II Bksl gS\(D) ;fn u rks rdZ` I vkSj u gh rdZ` II

Bksl gS\(E) ;fn rdZ` I vkSj rdZ` II nksukÍ Bksl gß\

41. d`ƒu%D;k ljd`kj d`ks futh ^;ksxds` f¥, d`kjkÍ d`h jftLV_sæu d`ks iwjs nsæeÍ rRd`k¥ ^Hko ls jksd` nsuk pkfg,=rdZ`%I. ugÓ] ljd`kj d`ks ,slk d`jus d`k

^kf|d`kj ugÓ gS\II. gk∑] Hkjr ds` cÈMs ægjkÍ d`h

lÈMd`kÍ ij HhÈM dè d`jus d`k;gh ,dèk( rjhd`k gS\


42. d`ƒu%D;k Hkjr ds` lHh futhvLirk¥kÍ d`k ^cU|u ljd`kj d`ksvius gkƒ eÍ ¥s ¥suk pkfg,=rdZ`%I. gk∑] blls bu vLirk¥kÍ }kjk

jksfx;kÍ d`ks nh tkus ok¥h lsok eÍd`kœ`h T;knk lq|kj gksxk\

II. ugÓ] bu vLirk¥kÍ d`k ^cU|d`jus ds` ljd`kj ds` ikl i;kZIrfo®h; vkSj ekuo lalk|u ugÓ gß\

43. d`ƒu%D;k ljd`kj d`ks Hkjr d`h lHhcÈMh ufn;kÍ ij cgqr ls LƒkukÍ ij cÈMsck∑| cukus pkfg,=rdZ`%I. ugÓ] blls lkjs nsæ d`k bd`ks–

flLVe cckZn gks tk,xk\II. gk∑] iwjs nsæ eÍ ¯lpkbZ ds` f¥,

i;kZIr t¥–vkiwfrZ lqfuf'pr gkstk,xh\

44. d`ƒu%D;k ljd`kj d`ks ¥kH dèkusok¥s lkoZtfud` ”s( ds` lHh mi∂èkÍeÍ viuh fgLlsnkjh ds` cÈMs fgLls d`kscsp nsuk pkfg,=rdZ`%I. ugÓ] ljd`kj d`ks bu mi∂èkÍ

d`k fu;a(. ugÓ NksÈMuk pkfg,]D;kÍfd` ;s ¥kH dèkus ok¥hlaLƒk,a gß\

II. gk∑] blls ljd`kj d`ks foæk¥ctVh; ?kVs d`ks dè d`jus vkSjvius lalk|ukÍ d`ks cÈ<kus eÍenn fe¥sxh\

45. d`ƒu%D;k Hkjr ds` lHh bathfu;¯jxd`kW¥stkÍ ds` f¥, nkf[¥s d`k ,d`ÔiekunaM gksuk pkfg,=rdZ`%I. gk∑] blls bathfu;¯jx d`kW¥stkÍ

eÍ nkf[¥ gq, Nk(kÍ d`h xq.o®klqfuf'pr gksxh\

II. ugÓ] ;g foæs"d`j lEHo ugÓ gS\

funsZæ%·^'u 46 ls 50 rd`‚ uhps,d` ifjPNsn fn;k x;k gS vkSj mlds` uhpsml ifjPNsn eÍ fn, x, rF;kÍ ds` vk|kjij fud`k¥s tk ldùs ok¥s dq`N lEHkforvuqeku fn, x, gß\ vki gj ,d` vuqekud`h ifjPNsn ds` lUnHZ eÍ v¥x–v¥xijh”k d`j mld`h lR;rk ;k vlR;rk d`hek(k fuf'pr d`hft,\ m®j nhft,%(A) ;fn vuqeku ∏fuf'pr Ôi ls lR;∏

gS vƒkZrΩ og fn, x, rF;kÍ d`kmfpr Ôi ls vuqlj. d`jrk gS\

(B) ;fn vuqeku ∏lEHor# lR; gSπ;»fi fn, x, rF;kÍ ds` lUnHZ eÍ∏fuf'pr Ôi ls lR;π ugÓ gS\

(C) ;fn ∏fn, gq, rF; d`kœ`h ugÓ gßπvƒkZrΩ fn, gq, rF;kÍ ls vuqekulR; gS vƒok vlR; ;g vki ugÓd`g ld`rs gß\

(D) ;fn vuqeku ∏lEHor# vlR;π gS;»fi fn, x, rF;kÍ ds` lUnHZ eÍ∏fuf'pr Ôi ls vlR;π ugÓ gS\

(E) ;fn vuqeku ∏fuf'pr Ôi ls vlR;πgS vƒkZrΩ fn, gq, rF;kÍ d`k lEHor#vuqlj. ugÓ d`jrk gS vƒok ogfn, x, rF;kÍ ds` foijhr tkrk gS\lkgwd`kjkÍ ds` ;qxkÍ–iqjkus H; us Hkjrh;kÍ

eÍ ,d` LokHkfod` fo®h; vuqæklu iSnkd`j fn;k gS\ ¥sfdù fiN¥s pkj o"ksÛ eÍ gq,vR;f|d` fod`kl ls cgqrkÍ ds` eu eÍ lqj”kd`h feF;k Hkouk ?j d`j xbZ gS vkSj muij d`tZ ikæ eÍ œa`lus d`k [rjk iSnk gksx;k gS\ cktkjkÍ ds` Œ¥ks¯Vx nj ok¥s nkSj e Íôsæ d`jus ds` ckn m|kjd`rkZvkÍ ds` tksf[ed`bZ xq.k cÈ< x, gß vkSj fo®h; uohurk ds`lkƒ cuk, x, mRiknkÍ] ls mud`h ns;rk,aæqÔvkrh m|kjkÍ ls d`kœ`h T;knk cÈ< xbZ gß\Hkoh m|kjd`rkZ æk;n vius iwoZofrZ;kÍ }kjkvrhr eÍ d`h xbZ x¥fr;kÍ l s d`ksbZ lcd` ¥sldÍ`\46. ig¥s ds` m|kjnkrkvkÍ us m|kjd`rkZvkÍ

d`ks fo®h; lqj”k ^nku d`h\47. Œ¥ks¯Vx C;kt nj ij )`. ¥sus ij

m|kjd`rkZvkÍ d`ks tksf[e vf|d` gksrkgS\

48. u, fo®h; mRikn m|kjd`rkZvkÍ d`hns;rk dè d`j nsrs gß\

49. Hkoh m|kjd`rkZvkÍ d`ks m|kj ¥sus lsig¥s nwljkÍ ds` vuqHo ls lh[us d`htÔjr gS\

50. vkd`"Zd` fo®h; mRikn m|kjd`rkZvkÍij dè cks> Mk¥rs gß\

m®j O;k“;k lfgr


xqÈMxk∑o xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hllZ ijh”k] 12-7-2009 d`k g¥ ^'u-i(

·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk

funsZæ%·^'u 1 ls 10 rd`‚ fuEu-f¥f[r ^'ukÍ eÍ ^'ufpÕ (?) ds` Lƒku ijD;k vk,xk=

01. 600 d`k 45% + 480 d`k ?% = 390(A) 20 (B) 25(C) 30 (D) 40


02. 423 + 7

16 – 5

29 = ?

(A) 623

(B) 629

(C) 61118

(D) 6718


03. 252 ÷ 7 × 139 = ?(A) 4904 (B) 5104(C) 5014 (D) 5004


04. 1260 ÷ 14 ÷ 9 = ?(A) 10 (B) 810(C) 81 (D) 9(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

05. 379 × 1

1017

+ 5 = ?

(A) 6 (B) 15(C) 11 (D) 9


06. 136 × 12 × 8 = ?(A) 12066 (B) 13064(C) 13066 (D) 13046


07. 320 d`k 70% + 240 d`k 45% = ?(A) 322 (B) 330(C) 336 (D) 338(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

08. 29·92 × 2·4 + 21·28 × 4·5 = ?(A) 167·568 (B) 176·568(C) 176·658 (D) 167·658(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

09. 7523 + 2963 – 3847 = ? + 4253(A) 2368 (B) 2386(C) 2638 (D) 2683(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

10. 180 ds` 78

ds` 89 d`k 4

7 = ?

(A) 72 (B) 66

(C) 60 (D) 80


funsZæ%·^'u 11 ls 15 rd`‚ fuEu-f¥f[r la“;k Δk~a[¥k eÍ ^'ufpÕ (?) ds`Lƒku ij D;k vk,xk=

11. 8, 12, 18, ?, 40·5

(A) 24 (B) 27

(C) 26 (D) 28


12. 13, 22, 52, 165, ?

(A) 648 (B) 468

(C) 334 (D) 668


13. 7, 8, 18, 57, ?

(A) 232 (B) 228

(C) 234 (D) 226


14. 7, 11, 19, 35, ?

(A) 71 (B) 69

(C) 65 (D) 73


15. 5, 11, 23, ?, 95

(A) 45 (B) 49

(C) 47 (D) 46


16. ,d` vk;r d`k ”s(œ`¥ 252 lseh2 gS\bld`h ¥EckbZ vkSj pkSÈÈMkbZ d`k vuqikr∂èæ# 9 : 7 gS\ bld`h ifjf| fd`ruh gS=(A) 64 lseh (B) 68 lseh(C) 128 lseh (D) 96 lseh(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

17. ,d` f}vad`h la“;k ds` vad`kÍ ds` LƒkuijLij cn¥ fn, tk,a rks cuh gqbZla“;k ew¥ la“;k ls 18 vf|d` gS\vad`kÍ d`k ;ksx 6 gS] rks ew¥ la“;k D;kgS=(A) 64 (B) 46

(C) 42 (D) 24


18. ,d` la“;k d`k 60% ,d` nwljh la“;kd`k pkj cVk ik∑p gS\ ig¥h vkSj nwljhla“;k ds` chp d`k ∂èæ# vuqikr D;kgS=(A) 3 : 4 (B) 3 : 5

(C) 5 : 3 (D) 2 : 3


19. 4 cSx vkSj 3 ckWDl d`h d`her 555:\ gS vkSj 3 cSx vkSj 4 ckWDl d`hd`her 460 :\ gS\ 1 cSx d`h d`herD;k gS=(A) 120 :\ (B) 150 :\(C) 140 :\ (D) 160 :\(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

20. A vkSj B fe¥d`j ,d` d`ke 12 fnueÍ iwjk d`j ld`rs gß\ vds`¥k A blhd`ke d`ks 18 fnu eÍ iwjk d`j ld`rkgS\ vds`¥k B ;g d`ke fd`rus fnu eÍiwjk d`j ld`rk gS=(A) 24 (B) 36

(C) 18 (D) 30


21. Ld`kslZ ds` fuEuf¥f[r lsV ds` vkSlrd`k irk ¥xkb,%72, 81, 93, 69, 75, 87, 63, 84, 78

(A) 83 (B) 82

(C) 76 (D) 78


22. 250 ehVj ¥Ech ,d` V_su ,d` flXu¥ds` [EHs d`ks 15 lsd`≥M eÍ ikj d`jrhgS\ V_su d`h xfr fd`rus fdèh/^fr?≥Vk gS=(A) 48 (B) 60

(C) 72 (D) 64


23. 12 I¥sV vkSj 9 pEep d`h d`her339 :\ gS] rks 4 I¥sV vkSj 3 pEepd`h d`her D;k gksxh=(A) 130 :\(B) 127 :\(C) 133 :\(D) fu|kZfjr ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

24. 64 cPpkÍ ds` chp lekur# pkd`¥sVck∑Vs x, gß\ ^R;sd` cPps d`ks 7 pkd`¥sVnsus ds` ckn 15 pkd`¥sV cp x,\ dq`¥fd`rus pkd`¥sV ƒs=(A) 448 (B) 436

(C) 463 (D) 446



25. euh" ls 25 fd`xzk pko¥ 32 :\ ^frfd`xzk vkSj 15 fd`xzk pko¥ 36 :\ ^frfd`xzk [jhns\ nksukÍ fd`LekÍ d`k feJ.d`j mlus mls 40·20 :\ ^fr fd`xzkcspk\ mls fd`rus ^frær ¥kH gqvk=(A) 25 (B) 40

(C) 30 (D) 20


funsZæ%·^'u 26 ls 30 rd`‚ uhps^R;sd` ^'u ds` ckn nks d`ƒu I vkSj IIfn, x, gß\ vkid`ks ;g r; d`juk gS fd`d`ƒu eÍ fn;k x;k MkVk ^'u d`k m®jnsus ds` f¥, i;kZIr gS ;k ugÓ\ lEHkO;m®jkÍ ds` chp pquko d`jus ds` f¥, vkid`ksMkVk vkSj vius xf.r ds` Kku d`k mi;ksxd`juk pkfg,\ m®j nhft,%(A) ;fn dsò¥ d`ƒu I ^'u d`k m®j

nsus ds` f¥, i;kZIr gS] tcfd` dsò¥d`ƒu II i;kZIr ugÓ gS\

(B) ;fn dsò¥ d`ƒu II ^'u d`k m®jnsus ds` f¥, i;kZIr gS] tcfd` dsò¥d`ƒu I i;kZIr ugÓ gS\

(C) ;fn ;k rks dsò¥ d`ƒu I ;k dsò¥d`ƒu II ^'u d`k m®j nsus ds` f¥,i;kZIr gS\

(D) ;fn vki d`ƒu I vkSj II nksukÍ lsfe¥d`j Hh m®j ugÓ ik ld`rs gßvkSj vf|d` MkVk d`h vko';d`rk gS\

(E) ;fn ^'u d`k m®j nsus ds` f¥,d`ƒu I vkSj d`ƒu II nksukÍ vko';d`gS\

26. o~® d`k ”s(œ`¥ fd`ruk gS=I. o~® d`h ifjf| 88 lseh gS\II. o~® d`k O;kl] ,d` oxZ d`h Hqtk

ds` leku gS ftld`k ”s(œ`¥784 lseh2 gS\

27. jktu d`h orZeku vk;q D;k gS=I. jktu vkSj enu d`h orZeku vk;q

d`k vuqikr ∂èæ# 3 : 4 gS\II. 5 o"Z ckn jktu vkSj enu d`h

vk;q d`k vuqikr ∂èæ# 4 : 5gksxk\

28. ^frær ^fro"Z C;kt d`h nj D;k gS=I. 10 o"Z eÍ mifpr lk|kj. C;kt

jkfæ ds` leku gS\II. 2 o"Z eÍ mifpr p∂ò~f* C;kt

1,050 :\ gS\

29. uafnrk vkSj mlds` HkbZ ds` chp ck∑Vstkus ok¥s 20,000 :\ ds` ¥kH eÍuafnrk d`k fgLlk fd`ruk gS=I. uafnrk us 50,000 :\ d`k fuosæ

fd`;k gS\

II. uafnrk }kjk fuosfær jkfæ mlds`HkbZ }kjk fuosfær jkfæ d`k 40%gS\

30. fd`ruh efg¥k,a 10 fnu eÍ d`ke iwjkd`j ld`rh gß=I. ,d` fnu eÍ ,d` efg¥k }kjk fd`;k

x;k d`ke ,d` fnu eÍ ,d` iq:"}kjk fd`, x, d`ke d`k 75% gS\

II. ,d` fnu eÍ ,d` efg¥k }kjk fd`;kx;k d`ke ,d` fnu eÍ ,d` cPps}kjk fd`, x, d`ke d`k 150% gS\

funsZæ%·^'u 31 ls 35 rd`‚ fuEu-f¥f[r ^'ukÍ eÍ ^'ufpÕ ds` Lƒku ij¥xHx D;k ewY; vk,xk= ·rF;r# ewY;d`h x.uk visf”r ugÓ gS\‚31. 8999 – 315 × 8·005 = ?

(A) 6480 (B) 6460

(C) 6570 (D) 6520

(E) 6550

32. 2102 d`k 85·05% = ?

(A) 1750 (B) 1795

(C) 1755 (D) 1775

(E) 1785

33. 27·07 × 1499·09 ÷ 24·99 = ?

(A) 1630 (B) 1640

(C) 1620 (D) 1560

(E) 1590

34. 33·003 × 25·005 ÷ 5·001 = ?

(A) 160 (B) 165

(C) 168 (D) 162

(E) 161

35. (22·01)2 – (17·95)2 = ?

(A) 152 (B) 172

(C) 155 (D) 160

(E) 168

funsZæ%·^'u 36 ls 40 rd`‚ 400cPpkÍ ds` ,d` Ldw`¥ eÍ] ¥ÈMd`kÍ vkSj¥ÈMfd`;kÍ d`k vuqikr ∂èæ# 9 : 11 g S \^R;sd` cPpk ;k rks xk;u d`h d`”k ;k u~~R;d`h d`”k ;k nksukÍ eÍ tkrk gS\ 40% ¥ÈMds`dsò¥ xk;u d`h d`”k eÍ tkrs gß\ dq`¥20% cPps nksukÍ d`”kvkÍ eÍ vkrs gß] ftueÍls 25% ¥ÈMds` gß\ 45% ¥ÈMfd`;k∑ dsò¥u~R; d`h d`”k eÍ tkrh gß\

36. dsò¥ u~R; d`h d`”k eÍ dq`¥ fd`ruscPps tkrs gß=(A) 213 (B) 189

(C) 133 (D) 187


37. u~R; d`h d`”k eÍ tkus ok¥h ¥ÈMfd`;kÍÍd`h dq`¥ la“;k fd`ruh gS=(A) 161 (B) 121(C) 99 (D) 60(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

38. fd`ruh ¥ÈMfd`;k∑ ds o¥ xk;u d`h d`”keÍ tkrh gß=(A) 99 (B) 72(C) 61 (D) 60(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

39. dq`¥ fd`rus ¥ÈMds` xk;u d`h d`”k eÍtkrs gß=(A) 92 (B) 88(C) 80 (D) 90(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

40. dsò¥ xk;u d`h d`”k eÍ tk jgs cPpkÍd`h dq`¥ la“;k] Ldw`¥ ds` dq`¥ cPpkÍd`h la“;k d`k fd`ruk ^frær gS=(A) 46·75 (B) 33·25(C) 46·25 (D) 33·75(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

funsZæ%·^'u 41 ls 45 rd`‚ bu^'ukÍ ds` m®j nsus ds` f¥, uhps nh xbZlkj.h d`k ÷;kuiwoZd` v÷;;u d`hft,\

foxr o"ksÛ eÍ N# jkT;kÍ d`h tula“;k·gtkjkÍ eÍ‚

o"ZjkT;

A B C D E F

1992 125 210 85 150 98 138

1995 135 225 89 170 110 152

1998 142 240 93 180 130 160

2001 148 250 99 215 140 175

2004 155 270 105 230 145 190

2007 160 290 110 240 160 198

41. 1998 eÍ lHh jkT;kÍ d`h fe¥d`jvkSlr tula“;k fd`ruh ƒh=(A) 157500 (B) 175000(C) 157200 (D) 172500(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

42. 2001 eÍ jkT; C d`h tula“;k mlo"Z lHh jkT;kÍ d`h dq`¥ tula“;kd`k ¥xHx fd`ruk ^frær gS=(A) 12 (B) 11(C) 10 (D) 8(E) 13

43. 1995 ls 2007 eÍ jkT; C d`htula“;k eÍ ¥xHx fd`rus ^fræro~f* gqbZ gS=(A) 29 (B) 30(C) 28 (D) 20(E) 24


44. 2001 ls 2004 rd` fd`l jkT; d`htulaa“;k eÍ ^frær o~f* vf|d`regqbZ ƒh=(A) C (B) B

(C) D (D) F


45. lHh o"ksÛ ds` f¥, fe¥d`j jkT; Dd`h vkSlr tula“;k fd`ruh gS=(A) 195700 (B) 197500

(C) 175900 (D) 179500


funsZæ%·^'u 46 ls 50 rd`‚ bu ^'ukÍ ds` m®j nsus ds` f¥, uhps fn, x, xzkœ`d`k ÷;kuiwoZd` v÷;;u d`hft,\foxr o"ksÛ eÍ ,d` d`Eiuh }kjk fofufeZr vkSj csph xbZ enkÍ d`h la“;k ·¥k[kÍ eÍ‚

fofufeZr

csph xbZ

o"Z2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

enkÍ d`h la“;

k ·¥

k[kÍ eÍ‚

0

46. lHh o"ksÛ ds` f¥, fe¥d`j ugÓ csph xbZenkÍ d`h ¥xHx vkSlr la“;k fd`ruhgS`=(A) 10,50,000 (B) 10,55,000

(C) 10,43,000 (D) 10,40,000

(E) 10,70,000

47. lHh o"ksÛ ds` f¥, fe¥d`j csph xbZ enkÍd`h ¥xHx vkSlr la“;k fd`ruh gS=(A) 60 ¥k[ (B) 61 ¥k[(C) 63 ¥k[ (D) 67 ¥k[(E) 69 ¥k[

48. 2007 eÍ fofufeZr enkÍ d`h la“;k] lHho"ksÛ eÍ fe¥d`j fofufeZr enkÍ d`h dq`¥la“;k d`k fd`ruk ^frær gS= ·næe¥ods` ckn nks vad`kÍ rd` iw.kÛfd`r‚(A) 17·31 (B) 13·71

(C) 17·03 (D) 13·97


49. lHh o"ksÛ eÍ fe¥d`j] csph xbZ enkÍ d`hdq`¥ la“;k vkSj fofufeZr enkÍ d`h dq`¥la“;k ds` chp d`k ∂`eæ# vuqikr D;kgS=(A) 87 : 104 (B) 89 : 102

(C) 87 : 102 (D) 89 : 104


50. fd`l o"Z ds` nkSjku ugÓ csph xbZ enkÍd`k ^frær lokZf|d` ƒk=(A) 2004 (B) 2006(C) 2008 (D) 2002(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

m®j O;k“;k lfgr


fd` ¥ksd`ra(h; lektokn D;k gS`=☛ ¥ksd`ra(h; lektokn (DemocraticSocialism) d`k mˆs'; ¥ksd`rkaf(d` vƒkZrΩlalnh; ¥ksd`ra( ds` ek÷;e ls lektoknd`h Lƒkiuk gS\ bleÍ oxZ la?"Z vkSj ¯glkds` f¥, d`ksbZ Lƒku ugÓ gS\ bld`k fo'oklgS fd` tulk|kj. d`ks lektoknh mˆs';kÍds` ^fr tkxÔd` d`j mud`k leƒZu ^kIrfd`;k tk ld`rk gS rƒk fu;e vkfncukd`j bu mˆs';kÍ d`ks iwjk fd`;k tkld`rk gS\ Hkjr eÍ bl fl*kUr d`ksviuk;k x;k gS\fd` ‘jkÆV_h; d~`f" fod`kl ;kstuk’(RKVY) ds` D;k mˆs'; gß =

☛ d~`f" ”s( eÍ fod`kl gsrq ;g ,d` ubZ;kstuk ‘jkÆV_h; d~`f" fod`kl ;kstuk’(RKVY) Hkjr ljd`kj ds` d~`f" ea(k¥;/foHkx }kjk eq“; mˆs';kÍ gsrq æqÔ d`h xbZgS] tSls%[k» œ`l¥kÍ ds` ,d`hd~`r fod`klgsrq ftleÍ eksVs vukt (Coarse cereals),lw{e vukt (minor millets), n¥guÍ«d~`f" ;a(hd`j.« e~nk LokLF; ,oa mRikn-d`rk] o"kZ vk|kfjr [srh i*fr fod`kl],d`hd~`r d`hV ^cU|u (IPM), ekdsZ`V <k∑pk]ckxokuh] iæqik¥u] Ms;¯jx ,oa fœ`æjhtvkfn ij\ bl ubZ ;kstuk }kjk laLƒkvkÍd`ks enn nsd`j d~`f" ,oa ckxokuh bR;kfn”s(kÍ« tSfod` ,oa tSo-moZjd`kÍ] bUuksosfVoLd`hEl d`ks ^ksRlkfgr fd`;k tk,xk\ o"Z2007-08 eÍ 1500 d`jksÈM :i, ctV d`k^ko|ku j[k x;k vkSj o"Z 2008-09 gsrq2,891·70 d`jksÈM :i, 31 ekpZ] 2009 rd`fj¥ht fd`, x,\

fd` ‘jkÆV_h; [k» lqj”k feæu’(NFSM–National Food SecurityMission) D;k gS`=☛ orZeku eÍ jkÆV_h; [k» lqj”k feæu(NFSM) nsæ ds` 17 jkT;kÍ ds` 312igpkfur ft¥kÍ eÍ pk¥w fd`;k x;k gSftleÍ pko¥] xsgw∑] n¥gu eq“; Ôi lsœ`l¥Í ¥h xbZ gß\ vƒkZrΩ NFSM–Rice,NFSM–Wheat, NFSM–Pulses feæugß\ bl feæu eÍ bu œ`l¥kÍ ds` HYVscht] cht feuhfd`VΩl] lw{e-rRokÍ] pwuk]d`ksuksohMlZ] thjks-fV¥ lhMfM_Yl] lhM-fM_Yl] jksVkosVlZ] Mht¥ iEi lSVΩl] ikWoj

ohMlZ] uSd`-lSi L^s;lZ] ikni lqj”k gsrqjlk;u] ck;ksiSLVhlkbMΩl] œ`kjelZ œ`hYMLdw`Yl vkfn d`h O;oLƒk gS\ o"Z 2008-09gsrq bl ^ksxzke ds` vUrxZr 883·26 d`jksÈM:i, Hkjr ljd`kj }kjk fj¥ht fd`, x,\

fd` d~`f" ”s( gsrq ‘India’s Vision,2020’ D;k gS =

☛ iwoZ jkÆV_ifr ,oa oSKkfud` MkW\ ,\ih\ts\vCnq¥ d`¥ke us ‘India’s Vision, 2020’ds` ckjs eÍ d`gk gS “A vision is not aProject Report or Plan Target; but itis an articulation of the desired endresults in broader term.” ‘India’sVision, 2020’ eÍ d`gk x;k gS fd` o"Z2020 rd` ekuo tula“;k vf|d` gksxh]vPNs fæf”r] rUnq:Lr ,oa |u|kU;O;fDr gkÍxs] vis”kd~`r vius iqjkus ¥Ecs,sfrgkfld` le; d`h rq¥uk eÍ\ d~`f" eÍ[k»kUu mRiknu bl vof| eÍ nksxqukd`juk gksxk\ o"Z 2008-09 eÍ] tks [k»kUumRiknu 229·85 fef¥;u Vu nsæ eÍvk∑d`k x;k gS mls HfoÆ; eÍ cÈ<kuk gksxk]pw∑fd` o"Z 2050 rd` Hkstu ek∑x 350fef¥;u Vu] 1·7 fcf¥;u tula“;k d`hiwjh d`juh gksxh\ ,d` lkspuh; fo"; gS fd`d~`f" d`h fgLlsnkjh o"Z 1950-51 eÍ 52%dq`¥ GDP (Gross Domestic Product)eÍ ƒh og vc ?Vd`j o"Z 2007-08 eÍek( 17·8% vƒkZrΩ ,d`-frgkbZ jg xbZ gSftls cÈ<kuk gksxk\ vr# d~`f" ”s( eÍ vcnsæ eÍ ‘nwljh/lrrΩ gfjr ∂`kfUr’(Second/Evergreen Revolution) ¥kuhgksxh] rHh cÈ<rh tula“;k o~f* nj@2·1% okf"Zd`] vis”kd~`r d~`f" ”s( d`kGDP eÍ fgLlsnkjh 17·8% ds`] d`ks [k»lqj”k lqfuf'pr gks ik,xh\ ftl gsrqœ`l¥kÍ d`k fofo|hd`j. (Crop diver-sification) ,oa l?uhd`j. (Intensif-ication) d`juk gksxk\ bl lUnHZ eÍ œ`l¥^.k¥h vuqla|ku funsæk¥; (ICAR)eksnhiqje] esjB ·m\ ^\‚ iwjs nsæ eÍ d`k;Zd`j jgk gS\

fd` fdù O;fDr;kÍ ij la;qDr Ôi lsvkjksi ¥xk;k tk lds`xk`=

☛ fuEu O;fDr;kÍ ij ,d` lkƒ vkjksi¥xk;k tk lds`xk%

(1) os O;fDr ftu ij ,d` ghlaO;ogkj ds` vuq∂è eÍ fd`, x, ,d` ghvijk| d`k vfH;ksx gks\

(2) os O;fDr ftu ij fd`lh vijk|d`k vfH;ksx gS rƒk os O;fDr ftu ij,sls vijk| d`k nqÆ^sj. vƒok ^;Ru d`kvfH;ksx gS\

(3) os O;fDr ftu ij ckjg ekl d`hvof| ds` vUnj la;qDr Ôi ls muds` }kjk

fd`, x, |kjk 219 ds` vƒZ eÍ ,d` ghfd`Le ds` ,d` ls vf|d` vijk|kÍ d`kvfH;ksx gS\

(4) os O;fDr ftu ij ,d` gh laO;o-gkj ds` vuq∂è eÍ fd`, x, fHUu vijk|kÍd`k vfH;ksx gS\fd` fd`lh vijk| d`k laKku d`kSu d`jlds`xk =☛ d`ksbZ ,slk eftLV_sV] tksfd` ^ƒe oxZeftLV_sV ;k foæs"r;k læDr d~`r f}rh;oxZ eftLV_sV fd`lh vijk| d`k laKku d`jlds`xk\ d`ksbZ eq“; U;kf;d` eftLV_sV fd`lhf}rh; oxZ eftLV_sV d`ks ,sls vijk|kÍ d`kftud`h tk∑p ;k fopkj. d`juk mld`h”erk ds` vUnj gS] mld`ks laKku d`jus ds`f¥, læDr d`j ld`rk gS\fd` D;k fcuk feVΩVh ds` œ`¥ vkSjlfCt;kÍ d`ks mxkuk lEHo gS =☛ ^'u vViVk ¥xrk gS\ fcuk feVΩVhvkSj ikuh ds` œ`l¥ mxkuk ,d` etkd`-lk¥xrk gS] ijUrq ;g etkd` vc ;ƒkƒZ cux;k gS\ ;fn vki nloÓ eaft¥ ij NksVs-lsŒ¥SV eÍ jgrs gß] rks ckxokuh d`h vkid`hbPNk vc iwjh gks tk,xh\ uklk us ,slhfof| d`k fod`kl d`j f¥;k gS\

uklk ds` oSKkfud`kÍ }kjk rS;kj ‘xStsV’eÍ ckxokuh ds` f¥, feVΩVh d`h tÔjr ugÓgksrh gS\ xStsV eÍ œ`¥ ;k lCth d`k ikS|kjksiÍ vkSj œ`l¥ idùs d`h ^rh”k d`jÍ\oSKkfud`kÍ ds` vuqlkj] bl ‘ikoj I¥kaVxzksbax eæhu’ eÍ ikS|kÍ d`h tÈMkÍ d`ks eæhud`k ,d` Hkx ikSfÆVd` inkƒZ ls lÓprkjgsxk] ftlls ikS|s rsth ls cÈ<Íxs vkSj cÈMsvkd`kj ds` œ`¥ nÍxs\

uklk us ;g ‘xStsV’ varfj” ;kf(;kÍds` f¥, fod`flr fd`;k gS] ftlls fd` os¥Ech varfj” ;k(kvkÍ eÍ rkts œ`¥ vkSjlfCt;kÍ d`k etk ¥s ldÍ`\ ^;ksxkÍ eÍ ik;kx;k gS fd` xStsV eÍ iSnk gksus ok¥h œ`l¥][srkÍ d`h iSnkokj ls vf|d` ikSfÆVd` vkSjbuds` nkus vkd`kj eÍ cÈMs gksrs gß\ vc ;geæhu tulkekU; ds` f¥, Hh mi¥C| gS\

●●●

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

By : Dr. Alok KumarCode No. 1630 Rs. 40/-

E-mail : [email protected] Website : www.upkar.in

(Useful for Various Competitive Exams.)


^'u%rhljh nqfu;k ds` nsæ d`kSulsgß=

m®j

^'u%vaVkdZ`fVd`k eÍ Hkjr d`horZeku fLƒfr D;k gS=

m®j

^'u%‘[jhœ`’ ekSle eÍ mxkbZ tkusok¥h œ`l¥kÍ%Tokj ·nkuk/pjh‚] eDd`k]cktjk vkfn d`ks fVMΩMk (Locusts)

lokZf|d` uqd`lku d`jrk gS\ blds`fu;a(. gsrq mik; D;k gß=

m®j

^'u%o"kZ t¥ (Rain Water), tksHoukÍ/bekjrkÍ d`h NrkÍ (Roof-tops) ds`}kjk uhps vkrk gS vkSj mls vkj\lh\lh\(RCC) Vßd` eÍ bd`VΩBk fd`;k tkrk gS]ml ,d`f(r o"kZ t¥ d`h x.uk d`k D;krjhd`k gS=

m®j

^'u%o;Ld` erkf|d`kj d`k D;kvƒZ gS=

m®j

^'u%D;k ;q* eÍ Hh jkscksV d`h d`ksbZHwfed`k gks ld`rh gS=

m®j

^'u%D;k d`ksbZ vius fo:`* l”elk”h gks lds`xk`=

m®j

^'u%‘fj¥sfVo ¥hœ ` xzksƒ jsV’(RLGR%Relative Leaf GrowthRate) œ`l¥kÍ eÍ fd`l ^d`kj Kkr d`jrsgß =

m®j

●●●


^'u%¥ksd` lHk eÍ lkalnkÍ d`hla“;k ,oa mud`ks fn, tkus ok¥k osrufd`ruk gS= % veu [ku] tk¥kSu

m®j

^'u%Hkjr eÍ orZeku eÍ dq`¥fd`rus jkÆV_h; jktekxZ gß`= lcls cÈMkvkSj lcls NksVk jktekxZ d`kSulk gS=

% je.h d`kSj] jkorlj ·jktLƒku‚

m®j

^'u%,fæ;kfVd` lkslkbVh vkWœ`caxk¥ d`h Lƒkiuk fd`lus d`h ƒh= bllslEcfU|r fofHUu f∂`;k-d`¥kikÍ d`htkud`kjh nhft,\

% lqfer dqèkj] ægMks¥ ·e÷; ^nsæ‚

m®j

^'u%dÙ;kdqèkjh vkSj d`'ehj eÍfnu-jkr d`h vof| eÍ vUrj d`k D;kd`kj. gS`= LiÆV d`jus d`h d~ìk d`jÍ\

% ˜"k jatu dqèkj ·>kj[≥M‚

m®j

^'u%vcq¥ œ`Èt¥ d`kSu ƒs= mud`hbfrgkl izfl* d~`fr d`k D;k egRo gS=

% fjtokuk [k∑] v¥oj ·jktLƒku‚

m®j

^'u%dqèkjtho d`kSu ƒk=% fn¥hi dqèkj feJk] v¥hxÈ< ·m®j ^nsæ‚

m®j

^'u%œz`kal vkSj teZuh ds` e÷; lhekjs[k d`ks fd`l uke ls tkuk tkrk gS`=

% pUnzHku fc'uksbZ] tks|iqj ·jktLƒku‚

m®j

^'u%vk∑o¥k (Aonla) d`h mUurfd`LeÍ d`kSu–d`kSulh gß= ¥{eh–52 ^tkfrvk∑o¥s eÍ D;k xq. gksrs gß=

% ^nhi dqèkj] ';kexÈ< ·e\^\‚

m®j

^'u%esjh ˜∑pkbZ 5 œ`hV ls ,d` bapdè gS\ D;k js¥os d`h fofHUu ukSd`fj;kÍ ds`f¥,] ˜∑pkbZ ds` vk|kj ij mi;qâ` g∑w=

% uhjt dqèkj] Hkx¥iqj ·fcgkj‚

m®j

●●●


21oÓ lnh d`k fo'o

^ƒe iqjLÎ`r fucU|

� c¥oar jke

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rd`jhcu lkr vjc d`k vk∑d`ÈMk ikj d`jpqd`h gS\ tkfgj gS fd` bl nkSj eÍ jkstejkZds` d`kekÍ eÍ ˜tkZ d`k bLrsek¥ cÈ<sxk gh\gokbZ tgkt] Vs¥hfotu vkSj ckn eÍ gjetZ d`h nok cu pqd`k baVjusV] lHh d`ks˜tkZ thok'e ls fe¥rh gS vkSj bld`kifj.ke ge X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx ds` Ôi eÍ ns[jgs gß\ oSKkfud`kÍ us psrkouh nh gS fd` vkusok¥s le; eÍ geÍ ^Î`fr eÍ vk'p;Ztud`vkSj H;kog ifjorZu vkSj ns[us d`ksfe¥Íxs\ ,sls eÍ vkS»ksxhd`j. d`ks bld`hd`her pqd`kuh iÈMsxh\ D¥kbesV pÍt ds`d`kj. fofHUu nsækÍ eÍ Î`f" ds` lkƒ vU;mRiknkÍ ds` mRiknu iSVuZ ^Hkfor gksus d`k[rjk gS vkSj xjhc nsækÍ eÍ bld`klokZf|d` ^frdw`¥ ^Hko iÈMsxk\

vkt ,MΩl d`h chekjh lEiw.Z fo'ods` lkeus ,d` xEHhj pqukSrh cu pqd`h gS\fo'o eÍ ^fr feuV 10 ¥ksx ,MΩl ds`fæd`kj gks jgs gß\ nqfu;k eÍ euksjksxkÍ d`kvk∑d`ÈMk cgqr rsth ls ˜ij tk jgk gS\fo'o Hj eÍ d`jhc 12·1 d`jksÈM ¥ksx blds`fæd`kj gß\ vkt Lokbu Œ¥w tSlh chekfj;k∑pqukSrh ds` rkSj ij gekjs lkeus gß\ nqfu;keÍ xjhc vkSj vehj dss` chp [kbZ cÈ< jghgS\ oSKkfud` ^xfr ds` lkƒ-lkƒ lqj”k ds`f¥gkt ls d`bZ pqukSfr;k∑ Hh [ÈMh d`j nhgß\ fofHUu LƒkukÍ ij vktd`¥ gksus ok¥svkrad`h ge¥kÍ eÍ lkbcj rdùhd` d`kted`j bLrsek¥ gks jgk gS\ ,sls eÍ ;gtÔjh gS fd` lkbcj lqj”k d`ks vkSj T;knkpkd`-pkScan fd`;k tk,\ blh ∂è eÍlkoZtfud` rkSj ij ekStwn lkbcj dS`œs` d`klqj”k dòp Hh T;knk etcwr cuk, tkusd`h O;oLƒk gksuh pkfg,\

tgk∑ vœ`xkfuLrku tks dq`N gh lk¥ig¥s rkf¥cku d`h l“r fxjŒr ls eqDrgksd`j |hjs-|hjs ikcanh d`h ekufld`rk lseqDr gks jgk gS rƒk [qn d`ks ,d` u, jkÆV_ds` Ôi eÍ <k¥ jgk gS] ogÓ bjkd` ls2011 rd` vejhd`h lSfud`kÍ d`h Lonsæokilh ds` lkƒ tuthou lkekU; gksus d`hmEehn cuh gqbZ gS\ ikfd`Lrku ds` rkf¥ckudèk≥Mj cSrqY¥k eglwn ds` vejhd`h

felkb¥ ge¥s eÍ ekjk tkuk ikfd`Lrku ds`f¥, cÈMh jkgr d`h ckr gS\ ikfd`Lrku-vœ`xkfuLrku eÍ vkradòkn fojks|h ;q*vius fu.kZ;d` nkSj eÍ igq∑p jgk gS\ bloDr egRoiw.Z ;gh gS fd` ikfd`Lrkuh lsukeÍ ekStwn rkf¥cku leƒZd` rRo fd`lh Hhd`her ij rkf¥cku ij ncko gYd`k ugksus nÍ ojuk fd`lh nwljs dèk≥Mj ds` usr~RoeÍ os fœ`j mrus gh etcwr gks ld`rs gß\

vc vUrjkZÆV_h; vkradòkn ij O;kid`lEes¥u ij lgefr d`k le; vk x;k gS\fo'o ds` lHh nsækÍ d`ks vkradòkn ds`f[¥kœ` [ÈMk gksuk gksxk rƒk xgjh tÈMÍtek, vkradòknh xqVkÍ ls fuiVus ds` f¥,tcnZLr tehuh d`ke d`h tÔjr iÈMsxh\,slk d`jrs gq, lHh nsækÍ d`ks bu rkd`rkÍd`h lEHkfor ^frf∂`;k ls fuiVus ds` f¥,Hh iwjh rS;kjh d`juh gksxh\

lEiw.Z fujLrhd`j. næd`kÍ rd`la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h d`k;Zlwph eÍ ækfe¥jgk gS] ¥sfdù ijek.q vL(kÍ ds` vkxeuls ;g d`k;Zlwph vR;Ur tfV¥ cu xbZ gS\iwjh nqfu;k blh vkæad`k d`ks ¥sd`j ƒjƒjkjgh gS fd` ;fn v¥d`k;nk tSls vkradòknhlaxBukÍ us ijek.q vL(kÍ d`ks ;k bld`hVsDuks¥kWth d`ks gkfl¥ d`j f¥;k] rks iwjhnqfu;k d`Hh Hh vkx ds` æks¥kÍ eÍ cn¥ld`rh gS\ blf¥, iwjs fo'o d`h ;gftEesnkjh gS fd` og ,sls nsækÍ d`h ijek.qæfDr vius laj”. eÍ ¥s tgk∑ vkradòkniuius ds` [rjs fNis gq, gß\ ftl ^d`kjphu] vejhd`k] Ôl] ≠`kal vkSj fczVsu buik∑p ijek.q æfDr lEiUu ih-5 nsækÍ d`h;g ftEesnkjh gS fd` ijek.q æfDr d`k^;ksx dsò¥ fod`kl vkSj ækfUriw.Z d`k;ksÛds f¥, fd`;k tk, vkSj lkƒ gh fd`lh HhLrj ij fd`lh ,sls nwljs nsæ d`ks ;gijek.q æfDr gkfl¥ u d`jus nÍ] tksvUrjkZÆV_h; fu;ekÍ d`ks |rk crkrk jgk gks\

tkiku ij fo'o ds` ig¥s ijek.qge¥s d`h 64oÓ cjlh ij lHh nsækÍ d`ksijek.q jfgr fo'o cukus d`k lad`Yi ¥sukgksxk\ vc vUrjkZÆV_h; vkradòkn ijO;kid` lEes¥u ij lgefr d`k le; vkx;k gS\ fo'o ds` nsækÍ ds` chp [q¥k O;kikjgks] geÍ ekfVZu ¥wƒj ¯d`x ds` ^se vkSjxka|h ds` v¯glk ds` fl*kUrkÍ d`ks viukukgh gksxk\ geÍ ch¯tx vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`kL¥ksxu ‘ou oYMZ ou M_he’ d`ks gd`hd`reÍ cn¥uk gksxk] ftld`k er¥c gS ‘,d`lalkj ,d` lksp’ ø bl vkLƒk ds` c¥ ijæh?z gh og fnu Hh vk,axs tc |jrh ijækfUr gksxh vkSj euqÆ; ek( ds` ^frlnΩHkouk\ rHh fo'o ds` gj nsæ eÍ] gjegk}hi eÍ 21oÓ lnh eÍ jkejkT; Lƒkfirgks lds`xk\ ●●●

æs" i~ÆB 783 d`k

oLrqfuÆB ^'u01. NACIL (National Aviation

Company of India Ltd.), Hq.–eqEcbZ] Lƒkiuk ubZ dÈiuh ds` Ôi eÍ30 ekpZ] 2007 d`ks ·czkUM use%AirIndia‚ d`h xbZ] ftld`k ¥ksxks (Logo)gS%(A) egkjktk(B) bxzqvk(C) iougal(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

02. ‘bxzqvk’ ·IGRUA%bafnjk xka|hjkÆV_h; mÈMku vd`kneh) }kjk nsæ eÍokf.fT;d` ik;¥VkÍ ds` mÈMku ,oa Lƒ¥^fæ”. eÍ lq|kj ¥kus ds` mˆs'; lsLƒkiuk d`gk∑ d`h xbZ`=(A) t;iqj ·jktLƒku‚(B) œq`lZrxat] jk;cjs¥h ·m®j ^nsæ‚(C) Hksik¥ ·e÷; ^nsæ‚(D) iVuk ·fcgkj‚

03. AAI (Airport Authority ofIndia)%AAI Act. 1994 ds` rgrΩLƒkiuk] nsæ eÍ d`c ls d`k;ZjrΩ gS`=(A) 1 v^S¥] 1995(B) 1 v^S¥] 1997(C) 1 ebZ] 1998(D) 2 vDVwcj] 2000

04. iougal gs¥hd`kWIVlZ f¥feVsM (PawanHans Helicopters Ltd.–PHHL)·jftLVMZ vkWfœ`l] ubZ fnY¥h‚ ,d`ljd`kjh dÈiuh ds` Ôi eÍ Lƒkiukd`h xbZ ƒh%(A) vDVwcj] 1975 eÍ(B) vDVwcj] 1977 eÍ(C) vDVwcj] 1985 eÍ(D) vDVwcj] 2000 eÍ

05. ukxj foekuu ea(k¥; (Ministry ofCivil Aviation, GOI) }kjk fod`¥kaxO;fâ`;kÍ gsrq leku volj] vf|d`kjkÍds` j”kiw.Z fgLlsnkjh gsrq fod`¥kaxO;fâ` vf|fu;e cuk;k gqvk gS] tks……… gS%(A) Protection of Rights, Act1995(B) Protection of Rights, Act1996(C) Protection of Rights, Act1998(D) None of These

m®jek¥k

●●●


lkekU; Kku ^fr;ksfxrk

01. ,l\ pUnzæs[j d`k uke fuEuf¥f[reÍ ls fd`l ”s( ls tqÈMk gS =(A) cz©k≥M foKku(B) jlk;u foKku(C) rj¥ ;kaf(d`h(D) [xks¥ HkSfrd`h

02. lafo|ku eÍ fd`l ij egkfH;ksx p¥kusds` f¥, d`ksbZ ^ko|ku ugÓ gS =(A) Hkjr ds` eq“; U;k;k|hæ(B) fd`lh mPp U;k;k¥; ds` eq“;U;k;k|hæ(C) jkT;ik¥(D) mijkÆV_ifr

03. d`kslksoks us fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l nsæls viuh Lok|hurk d`h ?ks".k d`h =(A) eSlhMksfu;k(B) ∂`ks,fæ;k(C) cqYxkfj;k(D) lfcZ;k

04. vksxkMu ”s( ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r eÍls fdù nks nsækÍ us ¥ÈMkbZ ¥ÈMh =(A) ,jhfV_;k vkSj lwMku(B) bfƒ;ksfi;k vkSj lksekf¥;k(C) dsÙ;k vkSj lksekf¥;k(D) bfƒ;ksfi;k vkSj lwMku

05. xksYMu ƒzsækssYM (Golden Thresh-old) fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`h jpukgS =(A) ljksftuh uk;Mw(B) ,uh cslÍV(C) v:.k vklœ` v¥h(D) fot;¥{eh if≥Mr

06. ;wjksih; la? ds` fuEuf¥f[r lnL;kÍeÍ fd`l lnL; jkÆV_ us vU; lnL;kÍ}kjk Lohd~`r f¥Lcu laf| d`ks Lohd`kjd`jus ls bud`kj d`j fn;k =(A) vk;j¥S≥M (B) œz`kal(C) teZuh (D) bV¥h

07. xhrk pUnzu fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lÔi eÍ ^fl* gß =(A) ok;f¥u oknd`(B) ækL(h; dùkZVd` xkf;d`k(C) fœ`Ye vfHus(h(D) HjrukVΩ;eΩ u~R;kaxuk

08. Hkjr eÍ eqnzkLœ`hfr fuEuf¥f[r eÍ lsfd`l lwpd`kad` ij ekih tkrh gS =(A) fuokZg O;; lwpd`kad` (COLI)

(B) miHksDrk ewY; lwpd`kad` (CPI)

(C) ƒksd` ewY; lwpd`kad` (WPI)

(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

09. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk tuinb¥kgkckn tuin ds lkƒ lhek ugÓcukrk gS =(A) fp(dw`V(B) lksuHnz(C) tkSuiqj(D) lUr jfonkl uxj

10. ‘ufpds`rk’ vk“;ku d`k mY¥s[fd`leÍ fe¥rk gS =(A) vƒoZosn eÍ(B) o~gnkj≥;d` mifu"nΩ eÍ(C) d`Bksifu"nΩ eÍ(D) æriƒ czk©. eÍ

11. lqHk" pUnz cksl d`ks ‘nsæuk;d`’fd`lus d`gk ƒk =(A) jchUnzukƒ VSxksj us(B) egkRek xka|h us(C) t;^d`kæ ukjk;. us(D) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ us

12. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ fd`l nsæ d`k s‘;wjsfu;e flVh’ Lƒkfir d`jus d`kJs; fn;k tkrk gS =(A) la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k(B) Ôl(C) dùkMk(D) vkLV_sf¥;k

13. ‘ujfxl’ uke fn;k x;k gS%(A) tkiku lkxj eÍ lqukeh d`ks(B) bjkonh MsYVk ”s( eÍ vk,fo÷oald` p∂òkr d`ks(C) vestu csflu eÍ fo÷oald` ckÈ<d`ks(D) eSfDld`ks d`h [kÈMh eÍ fo÷oald`gjhdsù d`ks

14. œùkZ≥Mks ¥qxks fd`l nsæ ds` jkÆV_ifrpqus x, gß =(A) czkth¥ ds` (B) lksekf¥;k ds`(C) ijkxq, ds` (D) vtsZUVhuk ds`

15. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk nsæ d`jksÈMkÍ^frær eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h pisV eÍ gSftlds` p¥rs ogk∑ eqnzk d`k ewY;ux≥; jg x;k gS =(A) bfƒ;ksfi;k (B) lksekf¥;k(C) d`hfu;k (D) ftEckCos

16. ‘fcElVsd`’ (BIMSTEC) fd`rus nsækÍd`k ikjLifjd` vkfƒZd` lg;ksx ds`f¥, cuk;k x;k laxBu gS =(A) 5 (B) 7

(C) 9 (D) 10

17. ‘vksjsUt ∂`kfUr’ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ lsfd`l nsæ ls lEc* gS =(A) lwMku (B) rqd`hZ(C) ;w∂sù (D) czkth¥

18. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ,d` ds` lkƒ‘Vsful d`ksVZ vksƒ’ lEc* gS =(A) vejhd`h ∂`kfUr(B) œz`kalhlh ∂`kfUr(C) baxf¥æ ∂`kfUr(D) Ôlh ∂`kfUr

19. vk;ZHVΩV d`ks d`gk∑ ls NksÈMk x;k ƒk =(A) Jhgfjd`ksVk ls(B) pkanhiqj ls(C) fr:ouUriqjeΩ ls(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

20. ^fl* da`nfj;k egknso efUnj d`gk∑vofLƒr gS =(A) ukfld` eÍ(B) vejkorh eÍ(C) [tqjkgks eÍ(D) gfj}kj eÍ

21. ∂`kseos¥ |kjk fd`l egklkxj eÍôkfgr gksrh gS =(A) ^ækUr egklkxj(B) vV¥kf≥Vd` egklkxj eÍ(C) fgUn egklkxj eÍ(D) vkdZ`fVd` egklkxj eÍ

22. Hkjr eÍ chek dÈifu;kÍ ds` f¥, eq“;fofu;ked` ^kf|d`j. fuEuf¥f[r eÍls d`kSulk gS =(A) RBI (B) SEBI

(C) IRDA (D) LIC

23. ukSlsuk d`h nf”. dèku fLƒr gS%(A) foæk[kirueΩ eÍ(B) fr:ouUriqjeΩ eÍ(C) d`ksphu ·d`ksfPp‚ eÍ(D) eqEcbZ eÍ


24. tw¥sl fjesV dì (Jules Rimet Cup) fd`l [s¥ lslEcfU|r gS =(A) gkWd`h (B) Vsful(C) ckLds`Vck¥ (D) œq`Vck¥

25. miHksDrk mRikn cukus ok¥h ‘,¥ th’ (LG) dÈiuh ew¥r#fd`l nsæ d`h gS =(A) phu d`h(B) tkiku d`h(C) nf”. d`ksfj;k d`h(D) e¥sfæ;k d`h

26. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh ,d` dÈcksfM;k d`h jkt|kuh gS =(A) gks ph feUg flVh (B) gsuksbZ(C) lsek jax (D) ukse isUg

27. ik'oZ eÍ fn;k x;k fp( fd`ld`k gS`=

(A) ,l\ ds`\ oku[sÈMs

(B) ¥k¥k vejukƒ

(C) jkt¯lg Mwwaxjiqj

(D) lh\ ds\ uk;Mw

28. ik'oZ eÍ fn, x, fp( d`ks igpkfu,%

(A) fnxEcj d`ker

(B) ikaK;w œ`kWe

(C) ih\ lh\ tksjelaxf¥;kuk

(D) iou pke¯¥x

●●●

lkekU; Kku izzfr;ksfxrk eÍ lfEef¥r gksus ds` fu;e

1. bleÍ lHh fo»kFkhZ vFkok fd`lh izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk eÍ lfEef¥rgksus ok¥s izR;kæh Hkx ¥s ldÍ`xs\

2. izfr;ksfxrk eÍ Hkx ¥sus ok¥s izR;kfæ;kÍ d`ks fu|kZfjr frfFk rd` viusmÂkj Hstuk vko';d` gS\ izfofÆV;k∑ lkekU; Mkd` ls gh Hsth tk,arFkk f¥œ`kœs` ij ckbÛ vksj ‘lkekU; Kku izfr;ksfxrk’ vo';f¥[Í\

3. izfr;ksfxrk ds` mÂkj if(d`k eÍ fn, x, izi( ij gh ekU; gkÍxs\

4. iz'u ds ∂èkad` ds vkxs pkj [kus cus gß\ izfr;ksxh ftl mÂkj d`ksBhd` le>Í ml d`kW¥e eÍ dsò¥ xq.k (×) d`k fpÕ ¥xk,a\ ,dìz'u d`k ,d` ls vf|d` mÂkj nsus ij og iz'u fujLr d`j fn;ktk,xk\

5. izfr;ksxh ftrus iz'u g¥ d`jÍ mud`h la“;k Lo;a vo'; f¥[Í\

6. væq* mÂkj nsus ij vad` d`kVs tk,axs\

7. lokZf|d` æq* g¥ Hstus ok¥s izfr;ksxh d`ks izFke iqjLd`kj LoÔi700 :i, fn, tk,axs\ mlls dè æq* g¥ Hstus ok¥sizfr;ksfx;kÍ d`ks ∂èæ# f}rh; o r~rh; iqjLd`kj fn;k tk,xk] tks∂èæ# 500 :i, o 300 :i, d`k gksxk\ ;fn fd`lh iqjLd`kj d`ksizkIr d`jus ok¥s izfr;ksfx;kÍ d`h la“;k ,d` ls vf|d` gksxh] rksiqjLd`kj jkfæ mueÍ leku Ôi ls foHDr d`j nh tk,xh\

8. iqjLd`kj ds` fo"; eÍ lEiknd` d`k fu.Z; loZekU; gksxk\ fd`lh Hhnæk eÍ og U;k;k¥; d`k fo"; ugÓ gksxk\

izFke

f}rh;

r~rh;

❄ ❄ ❄ ❄ ❄ ❄

➠ mi;qZDr ^'kaflr fucU| izfr;ksfx;kÍ eÍ ls ^R;sd` d`ks mid`kj ^d`k'ku d`h lkS :i, ewY; rd` d`h okaafNr iqLrd`/iqLrdÍ` HÍVLoÔi ^nku d`h tk,axh\ d~ì;k viuh ilan d`h iqLrd` lwfpr d`jÍ\ ;fn lkS :i, ls vf|d` ewY; d`hiqLrd` d`h ek∑x d`h xbZ] rks mlds` ewY; eÍ ls lkS :i, iqjLd`kjLoÔi dè d`j fn, tk,axs\


fucU| izfr;ksfxrk ∂èkad`%366 d`k ifj.ke

fo"; # 21oÓ lnh d`k fo'o^ƒe c¥oar jke

xzke + iksLV%lwihft¥k-ckxs'oj ·m®jk[≥M‚fiu–263679

f}rh; Jherh T;ksfr egs'ojhchl¥iqj jksM] cjs¥h ·m\ ^\‚fiu–243006

r~rh; æækad` æs[j f(ikBh145B/12I/4, dS`¥kæiqjh]l¥ksjh] b¥kgkckn ·m\ ^\‚fiu–211004

vU; ^æaflr fucU|1. jf'e xqIrk

eksgY¥k%lnj esjB ds`≥V ·m\ ^\‚2. iou dqèkj fuxe

S/o Jh ew¥pUn fuxe·Mkd` cax¥k ds` ihNs‚egksck ·m\ ^\‚

3. euh" dqèkj eh.kC/o Jh vej ¯lg eh.kokMZ ua\ 8, jk.h lrh jksM]eqdqÙnxÈ< e≥Mh]ft¥k%>qa>quw ·jktLƒku‚fiu%333705

4. lquh¥ dqèkjS/o Jh rkjkpUnokMZ ua\ 15, MkW\ ch\ vkj\vEcsMd`j uxj] uhe d`k ƒkukft¥k%lhd`j ·jktLƒku‚fiu%332713

5. jktwS/o Jh jEew ljkstxzke + iksLV%¥k¥xat v>kjkft¥k%^rkixÈ< ·m\ ^\‚fiu%230132

6. 'osrk H±D/o Jh xksisæ dqèkj H±v¥oj ·jktLƒku‚fiu%301001

7. r:. thC/o Jh vo; dqèkj Bkdq`jxzke + iksLV%ckSjkVia tudìqj jksM ·iqijh‚ft¥k%lhrkeÈ<h ·fcgkj‚fiu%843320

8. æqHk lkgwD/o Jh ih\ ,¥\ lkgwft¥k%jktukan xk∑o ·N®hlxÈ<‚fiu%491665

9. e;ad` Jksf(;MM9G, C-163 vkfæ;kukœs`t%Ist d`kaB jksMeqjknkckn ·m\ ^\‚fiu%244001

10. foosd` dqèkjS/o Jh oklqnsoxzke%cSjeiqj] iksLV%nekiqjft¥k%œ`rsgiqj ·m\ ^\‚

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Andhra Bank Marketing Associates, (IInd Shift) Exam., 5-7-2009 Solved Paper

(Based on Memory)

English Language

Directions—(Q. 1–8) Read thefollowing passage carefully andanswer the questions given below it.Certain words/phrases have beenprinted in bold to help you locatethem while answering some of thequestions.

A new analysis has determinedthat the threat of global warming canstill be greatly diminished if nationscut emissions of heat-trapping green-house gases by 70% this century. Theanalysis was done by scientists at theNational Center for AtmosphericResearch (NCAR). While globaltemperatures would rise, the mostdangerous potential aspects of climatechange, including massive losses ofArctic sea ice and permafrost andsignificant sea-level rise, could bepartially avoided.

“This research indicates that wecan no longer avoid significantwarming during this century,” saidNCAR scientist Warren Washington,the study paper’s lead author. “But, ifthe world were to implement thislevel of emission cuts, we couldstabilize the threat of climate change”,he added.

Average global temperatureshave warmed by close to 1 degreeCelsius since the pre-industrial era.Much of the warming is due tohuman-produced emissions ofgreenhouse gases, predominantlycarbon dioxide. This heat-trappinggas has increased from a pre-industrial level of about 284 parts permillion (ppm) in the atmosphere tomore than 380 ppm today. Withresearch showing that additionalwarming of about 1 degree C may bethe threshold for dangerous climatechange, the European Union hascalled for dramatic cuts in emissionsof carbon dioxide and othergreenhouse gases.

To examine the impact of suchcuts on the world’s climate,Washington and his colleagues ran aseries of global studies with theNCAR-based Community Climate

System Model (CCSM). Theyassumed that carbon dioxide levelscould be held to 450 ppm at the endof this century. In contrast, emissionsare now on track to reach about 750ppm by 2100 if unchecked. Theteam’s results showed that if carbondioxide were held to 450 ppm, globaltemperatures would increase by 0·6degrees Celsius above currentreadings by the end of the century. Incontrast, the study showed thattemperatures would rise by almostfour times that amount, to 2·2degrees Celsius above currentreadings, if emissions were allowedto continue on their present course.Holding carbon dioxide levels to 450ppm would have other impacts,according to the climate modelingstudy.

Sea-level rise due to thermalexpansion as water temperatureswarmed would be 14 centimetres(about 5·5 inches) instead of 22centimetres (8·7 inches). Also, Arcticice in the summertime would shrinkby about a quarter in volume andstabilize by 2100, as opposed toshrinking atleast three-quarters andcontinuing to melt, and Arcticwarming would be reduced by almosthalf.01. Why has the European Union

called for dramatic cuts incarbon dioxide and greenhousegas emissions ?(A) As global warming is not anissue of concern(B) As the temperatures mayrise almost by an additional onedegree and this may lead tosevere climate change(C) As the NCAR has forcedthe European Union to announcethe cuts(D) As all the nations havedecided to cut emissions ofcarbon dioxide(E) None of these

02. What would not be one of theimpacts of cutting greenhousegas emissions ?

(A) Temperatures will stopsoaring(B) Ice in the Arctic sea wouldmelt at a slower pace(C) The rise in sea level wouldbe lesser(D) All of the above would bethe impact(E) None of these

03. What would be the impact ofholding the carbon dioxide levelat 450 ppm at the end of thiscentury ?1. Global temperatures would

increase by 0·6 degreesCelcius.

2. Arctic warming would bereduced by half.

3. Thermal expansion willstop completely.

(A) Only 1(B) Only 1 and 2(C) Only 2 and 3(D) All the three 1, 2 and 3(E) None of these

04. What does the scientist WarrenWashington mean when he says“we could stabilize the threat ofclimate change” ?(A) Climate change can bestopped completely(B) Climate change can be reg-ularized(C) Climate change and itseffects can be studied exten-sively(D) The ill-effects of the changein climate can be minimized(E) None of these

05. Why did Washington and hiscolleagues conduct a series ofstudies ?(A) Because they realized thatthe temperature increase wasalmost about 1 degree(B) So that they could stabilizethe climate change(C) So that they could help theEuropean Union in cutting thecarbon dioxide emissions(D) Because they found out thatthe greenhouse gas emissionscould be cut by 70%(E) None of these

06. What would be the impact ofunchecked greenhouse gas andcarbon dioxide emissions ?


(A) The temperature would risefrom the current temperature by2·2 degrees Celsius(B) The sea-level would rise byabout 5·5 inches(C) The arctic ice would stabi-lize by 2100(D) The arctic ice would reduceby one-fourth(E) None of these

07. What can be the most appro-priate title of the above passage ?(A) A study of the rise in waterlevel(B) A study of rise in tempera-tures(C) A study of the effects ofgreenhouse gas emissions(D) A study of the Arctic region(E) A study of change inseasons

08. Which of the following state-ments is true in context of thepassage ?(A) At present the carbondioxide emission is about 284ppm(B) The carbon dioxide emis-sions will be about 450 ppm atthe end of this century ifunchecked(C) The carbon dioxide emissionwas about 380 ppm during thepre-industrial era(D) The carbon dioxide emis-sions will be about 750 ppm atthe end of this century ifunchecked(E) None of these

Directions—(Q. 9–12) Choosethe word which is MOST SIMILARin MEANING to the word printed inbold as used in the passage.

09. predominantly(A) clearly (B) aggressively(C) mainly (D) firstly(E) faintly

10. massive(A) tall (B) tough(C) total (D) little(E) severe

11. shrink(A) contract (B) physician(C) wither (D) shrivel(E) reduce

12. dramatic(A) unprecedented(B) thrilling(C) spectacular(D) effective(E) feeble

Directions—(Q. 13–15) Choosethe word which is MOST OPPO-SITE in MEANING to the wordprinted in bold as used in thepassage.

13. opposed(A) resistant (B) against(C) favouring (D) similar(E) agree

14. diminished(A) created (B) rose(C) increased (D) lessen(E) finished

15. significant(A) substantial(B) miniscule(C) incoherent(D) unimportant(E) irrelevant

Directions—(Q. 16–20) Whichof the phrases (A), (B), (C) and (D)given below each sentence shouldreplace the phrase printed in bold inthe sentence to make it grammaticallycorrect ? If the sentence is correct asit is given and No Correction isRequired, mark (E) as the answer.

16. Naturally, with everything goneso well for them, it was time forcelebration.(A) go so well(B) going so well(C) gone as well(D) going as well(E) No Correction Required

17. The ban was imposed by thestate’s commercial taxes depart-ment last Friday after protests bya certain community, which hadthreat to burn cinema hallsscreening the controversial movie.

(A) had threats of burning(B) had threated to burn(C) had threatened to burn(D) had threatened to burning(E) No Correction Required

18. Rakesh, an avid football playerwho captained his team in school

and college, will inaugurate thematch tomorrow in Pune.(A) will be inaugurate(B) is inauguration(C) will inaugurating(D) is inaugurate(E) No Correction Required

19. At a musical night organised forthem, the artistic side of thedoctors came as forward, asthey sang beautifully and madethe evening truly memorable.(A) come forward(B) come to the fore(C) came to the forth(D) came to the fore(E) No Correction Required

20. Although scared of heights, shegather all her courage andstood atop the 24-storey buildingto participate in the activities.(A) gathered all her courage(B) gathered all courageous(C) gather all courageous(D) is gathered all courage(E) No Correction Required

Directions—(Q. 21–25) Eachquestion below has two blanks, eachblank indicating that something hasbeen omitted. Choose the set ofwords for each blank which best fitsthe meaning of the sentence as awhole.

21. Along with a sharp rise in ……,a recession would eventuallyresult in more men, women andchildren living in ……(A) crime, apathy(B) fatalities, poor(C) deaths, slums(D) unemployment, poverty(E) migrations streets

22. Behaving in a …… and seriousway, even in a …… situation,makes people respect you.

(A) calm, difficult(B) steady, angry(C) flamboyant, tricky(D) cool, astounding(E) silly, sound

23. An airplane with …… passen-gers on board made an unsched-uled …… as the airport to whichit was heading was covered withthick fog.


(A) irritable, slip(B) faulty, stop(C) variety, halt(D) tons, wait(E) numerous, landing

24. The government has …… toprovide financial aid to the ones…… by severe floods in the city.(A) desired, troubled(B) promised, havoc(C) failed, affected(D) wanted, struck(E) decided, ill

25. Deemed universities …… hugefees, but have not been success-ful in providing …… educationto our students.(A) collect, maintaining(B) pay, better(C) ask, good(D) charge, quality(E) demand, quantitative

Directions—(Q. 26–30) Rear-range the following six sentences 1,2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in the proper sequenceto form a meaningful paragraph; thenanswer the questions given belowthem.

1. In turn the buyer is called thefranchisee.

2. These two parties are called thefranchisor and franchisee.

3. This means that it gives per-mission for the buyer to use itsname and sell its products.

4. He pays money to the franchisor,and agrees to obey the rules thefranchisor makes.

5. A franchising agreement includestwo parties.

6. The franchisor is the businesshouse/entity which grants thefranchisee license.

26. Which of the following shouldbe the LAST (SIXTH) sentenceafter rearrangement ?

(A) 2 (B) 3(C) 4 (D) 5(E) 6

27. Which of the following shouldbe the THIRD sentence afterrearrangement ?(A) 5 (B) 6(C) 1 (D) 4(E) 2

28. Which of the following shouldbe the FOURTH sentence afterrearrangement ?(A) 2 (B) 3(C) 4 (D) 5(E) 6

29. Which of the following shouldbe the FIRST sentence after rear-rangement ?(A) 1 (B) 2(C) 3 (D) 4(E) 5

30. Which of the following shouldbe the SECOND sentence afterrearrangement ?(A) 2 (B) 3(C) 4 (D) 5(E) 6

Directions—(Q. 31–40) Readeach sentence to find out whetherthere is any grammatical error oridiomatic error in it. The error, if any,will be in one part of the sentence.The letter of that part is the answer.If there is no error, the answer is (E).(Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

31. The angry at being / left out of(A) (B)

the bonanza / is palpable among/(C)

employees of the organization.(D)

No error(E)

32. There are just too few trains / for(A)

the ever-grow / number of(B) (C)

passengers / in the city. No error(D) (E)

33. If all goes well, / the exami-(A)

nation scheduled for next month /(B)

is all set to be completely free /(C)

from annoying power cuts and(D)

disruptions. No error(E)

34. His comments came after / the(A)

research group said that its /(B)

consumer confidence index were/(C)

slumped to its lowest level.(D)

No error(E)

35. The buzz at the party was / that a(A)

famous / filmstar and politician, (B) (C)would / probable drop by for a

(D)while. No error

(E)

36. The President has denied / that(A)

the economy is in recession / or(B)

was go into one / despite a spate(C)

of downcast reports. No error(D) (E)

37. Aggression in some teenage(A)

boys / may be linkage to overly /(B)

large glands in their brains, / a(C)

new study has found. No error(D) (E)

38. The opposition disrupted pro-(A)

ceedings / in both Houses of(B)

Parliament / for the second(C)

consecutive day / above the

plight of farmers in the country.(D)

No error(E)

39. In response to the growing crisis /(A)

the agency is urgently asking(B)

for / more contributions, to make(C)

up for / its sharp decline in(D)

purchasing power. No error(E)

40. The tennis player easy through /(A)

the opening set before her oppo-(B)

nent, / rallied to take the final(C)

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of her young career. No error(E)

Directions—(Q. 41–50) In thefollowing passage there are blanks,each of which has been numbered.These numbers are printed below thepassage and against each, five wordsare suggested, one of which fits theblank appropriately. Find out theappropriate word in each case.

In economics, the term recessiongenerally describes the reduction of acountry’s Gross Domestic Product(GDP) for atleast two quarters. Arecession is …(41)… by rising unem-ployment, increase in governmentborrowing, …(42)… of share andstock prices and falling investment.All of these characteristics haveeffects on people. Some recessionshave been anticipated by stockmarket declines. The real-estatemarket also usually …(43)… beforea recession. However real-estatedeclines can last much longer thanrecessions. During an economicdecline, high …(44)… stocks such asfinancial services, pharmaceuticalsand tobacco …(45)… to hold upbetter. However when the economystarts to recover growth, stocks tendto recover faster. There is significantdisagreement about how health careand utilities tend to …(46)….

In 2008, an economic recessionwas suggested by several importantindicators of economic downturn.These …(47)… high oil prices, whichled to …(48)… high food prices dueto a dependence of food productionon petroleum, as well as using foodcrop products such as ethanol andbiodiesel as an …(49)… to petroleumand global inflation; a substantialcredit crisis leading to the drasticbankruptcy of large and well …(50)…investment banks as well as commer-cial banks in various, diverse nationsaround the world; increased unem-ployment and signs of contempora-neous economic downturns in majoreconomies of the world, a globalrecession.41. (A) visualized

(B) characterized(C) imagined(D) depict(E) shown

42. (A) decrease (B) abundance(C) increase (D) variance(E) more

43. (A) strengthens(B) volatile(C) weakens(D) initiates(E) awakens

44. (A) result (B) payment(C) maintained (D) yield(E) heavy

45. (A) yearn (B) made(C) are (D) want(E) tend

46. (A) increased (B) fight(C) distribute (D) recover(E) wait

47. (A) included (B) encompass(C) meant (D) show(E) numbered

48. (A) healthy (B) nutritious(C) fearful (D) dangerous(E) abnormally

49. (A) element (B) integral(C) alternative (D) variant(E) substitute

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50. (A) created (B) established(C) wealthy (D) costly(E) stand

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