prateek narega

8/9/2019 prateek narega

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NREGA.NREGA.

Presented by :

SANDEEP RANA

SAI JIN YOON

PRATEEK MUDGAL

PRASHANT MANKOTIA

PARDEEP PATEL.


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The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, (NREGA) was notified

on September 7, 2005.

y OBJECTIVE OF THE ACT

y The objective of the Act is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas

by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a

financial year to every household whose adult

members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.


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NREGA GOALS

Strong social safety net for the vulnerable groups by providing a fall-

back employment source, when other employment alternatives are

scarce or inadequate Growth engine for sustainable development of an

agricultural economy.

Through the process of providing employment on works that address

causes of chronic poverty such as drought, deforestation and soil

erosion, the Act seeks to strengthen the natural resource base of rurallivelihood and create durable assets in rural areas.


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y Key Stakeholders are:

y i) Wage seekers

y ii) Gram Sabha

y iii) Gram panchayat

y iv) Programme Officer at the block level

y v) District Programme Coordinator

y vi) State Government

y vii) Ministry of Rural Development


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Key Processes

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Application for job card

Issue of job card

Demand for employment

Work allocation

Payment of wages

Selection of works

Approval of shelf ofprojects

Informing village PRI

Preparation of estimatesAnd approvals

Acknowledgement ofdemand

Maintenance of muster roll

Verification


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Issues critical to fulfillment ofNREGA

objective

y Obtaining and acknowledging applications for employment

To ascertain choices and perceptions of households regarding leanseason employment.

To ensure exercise of the right to employment within the timespecified of fifteen days.

To ensure that works are started where and when there is demand forlabour, not demand for works the process of issuing a datedacknowledgement for the application for employment needs to bescrupulously observed.

6


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Selection of worksby gram sabha in villages and display after

approval of shelf of projects

To ensure public choice, transparency and accountability and

prevent material intensive, contractor based works and concocted

works records.

Execution of Works

At least half the works should be run by gram panchayats.

Maintenance of muster roll by executing agency -numbered musterrolls which only show job card holders must be found at each work.


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Regular measurement of work done according to a schedule of rates.

y Supervision of Worksby qualified technical personnel on time.

y Reading out muster rolls on work site during regular measurement toprevent bogus records and payment of wages below prescribed levelsPayment of wages through banks and post offices to close avenues foruse of contractors, and corruption.


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NREGA: Fundamental Principles

y Employment on demand.

y Legal right.

y Universal entitlement.

y Participatory approach.

y Accountability to PRIs.(PRIs Panchayati Raj Institutions).

y Full transparency.


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NREGA: Basic Entitlementsy Employment within 15 days of application.

y Unemployment allowance.

y Work within 5 kilometres.

y Minimum wages.

y Payment within 15 days.

y No gender discrimination.

y Basic worksite facilities.


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Worksite Management & Facilities

Crche Facility

Rest Shed For Workers

Health Check up for Job Card Holders


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Toilet at everworksite for women

workers.

Special Focus towardsaged & disabled

Worksite Management


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y The work is organized through the Panchayat system and the

poor have a stake in the work right at the beginning.

y Special emphasis has been given to the rights of workers and

they have been made fully aware of their entitlements.

All the payments are made only through the individual bankaccounts of workers. This is the ultimate preventer of corruption.


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y For the first time equal wages are really paid and this has boosted the

earnings of women.

As the wages are paid into Bank accounts the habit of thrift which was

already inculcated through the Kudumbashree(Kerela) experiment hasfurther been strengthened.

As the Bank deposits are increasing, the intra-household status of the

woman has also been improving commensurately as she controls

substantial cash resources and withdrawal can be only on her decision.


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y Enabling Articulation of Demand for Employment.

y Planning for Works and the Quality of Assets Created

y Participation of Marginalized Group.

(SC/ST/Schedule tribe).

About 70 per cent of works under the NREGA are "green jobs" such

as water harvesting, a forestation and land development. Which

helps Govt. in fighting global warming.

NREGA - programme is implemented in such a way so that the

drought hit areas are benefited.


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Unique Initiatives

y Creation of Rooftop Rainwater

Harvesting Structure at 31

Blocks & 277 Gram

Panchayats.


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Participation of

Women

Participation of

SC & ST

Participation of

Minority

Participation of

Economically

Backward

Section


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Benefits and Shortcoming of NREGA.

About 4.5 crore households across the country benefited from the

pioneering National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in the

financial year 2008-09, an increase of 32 per cent over the previous

year, According to the Economic survey.

The NREGS, the flagship programme of the previous United

Progressive Alliance (UPA), aimed at generating jobs in the rural

areas, provided employment to over 4.47 crore households in the

previous fiscal.

"This is a significant jump over the 3.39 crore households covered

under the scheme during 2007-08," the Survey noted.


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Out of the 215.63 crore person-days created under the scheme during

this period (2008-09). 29 per cent and 25 per cent were in favour of SC

and ST population, respectively, and 48 peer cent of the total person-

days created went in favour of women," According to Survey.

y According to the Survey, agriculture debt waiver and relief schemes

implemented in 2008-09 helped in restoring institutional credit tofarmers apart from reviving investment in rural areas.


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SOCIAL AUDIT

y Social Audit is a process wherein the community does an inspection,openly in public, of the quality, income-expenditure, profit-loss of a

project, development work or a programme being carried out in its

area.

y Accountability of a person carrying out a work is an important

method of ensuring that the work is carried out properly.


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Major Objectives of Social Audit :

y Developing among the people a culture to question, encouraging the

people to protect and assert their rights and benefits;

y Seeking peoples participation in decision making process in local

development;

y Empowering the people particularly the marginalized; bringing about

transparency in works, projects, programmes and organizations, etc.


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y A study by think-tank National Council of Applied Economic Research

(NCAER) and NGO Public Interest Foundation (PIF) has found many

flaws in National Rural Employment Guarantee Act/scheme

(NREGA), including funds not reaching its intended beneficiaries,

significant inflation in official numbers regarding creation of actualjobs and man-days as well as red - tapism blocking proper

implementation.

y Cases of corruption, fudging in muster rolls, discrepancies in work

days and payments have been reported in almost all studies,


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y The report cited field surveys, social audits and independent studies to

show that in many cases, there was even discrimination against SCs,

women and the disabled. The northern region (of the country), in

particular, has extremely low levels of women participation, it said.


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y According to data provided on the NREGA website, maintained by the

Ministry of Rural Development, the percentage of job cards issued to

registered households varies across states. For some states like

Maharashtra it stands at 12%, while for others such as Andhra Pradeshit is over 90%.

y Delay in distribution of job cards

y The point of concern, however, is not just the percentage ofissue of

job cards but the percentage ofdistribution of job cards. Though job

cards have been prepared across most states, in many states they have

not reached the people, thereby restricting their right to demand work.


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y Unsolicited fees being charged for work application forms

y Fees for application forms are being charged in many states likeGujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand. The fee ranges from Rs 5 toRs 50 in some states. Forms are also sold openly in local markets. Thisflouts the NREGA guidelines that state that applications may even be

submitted to the gram panchayat on a plain piece of paper.

y Absence of worksite facilities

y

The NREGA provides for facilities for safe drinking water, shade forchildren, periods of rest and a first-aid box at the work site. Somereports from the field in Orissa, Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , MadhyaPradesh and Gujarat observe a complete lack of facilities at theworksite


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y Presence of contractors

y Like in many other rural development programmes, contractors are

increasingly becoming a threat to the NREGA. Though this may not be

very apparent on the surface, private contractors are slowly findingtheir way into the system.

y Delays in wage payments have always been a matter of concern in

previous employment programmes, and this issue continues to plaguethe NREGA. Wage payments are delayed for weeks, sometimes

months. The time lag varies from state to state.


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y Payment of less than the minimum wage

y In many states, workers do not earn minimum wages. For instance, in

Gujarats Sabarkantha district the paid wage is as low as Rs 4 to Rs 7;

in Kalahandi district (Bhawanipatna block) of Orissa workers earnbetween Rs 40-Rs 50, whereas the minimum wage is Rs 55. Women

are paid even less about Rs 30 per day. In some states like

Jharkhand, workers are paid as little as Rs 10.

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