Prasad Thenkabail Global Food Security Support Analysis Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Workshop Goals January...

Prasad Thenkabail

Global Food Security Support Analysis Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30)

Workshop Goals

January 16-17, 2014 third Workshop on Global Food Security Analysis Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30)

Menlo Park, California, USA

U.S. Geological SurveyU.S. Department of Interior

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

GFSAD30 Project Funding, Management, Reporting

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Funding Source, Budget, Project Duration


Funding Source:NASA MEaSUREs (Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments) in response to solicitation NASA ROSES: NNH12ZDA001N-MEASURES.

Budget:~3.5 million over 5 years. Spread across 8 Institutes: USGS, Northern Arizona University, California State University @ Monterey Bay, NASA AMES, NASA GSFC, University of New Hampshire, University of Wisconsin, and Bay Area Environmental Institute (BAERI).

Project duration: June 1, 2013 through May 31, 2018 (5 years)

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project NASA Management and Oversight


NASA Manager:Dr. Martha Maiden, Program Executive, NASA Earth Science Data Systems

NASA Project Oversight:Dr. Hampapuram K. “Rama” Ramapriyan, Assistant Project Manager, NASA Earth Science Data and Information System ProjectDr. Bradley Doorn, Science Mission Directorate, Earth Science Division;Dr. Diane E. Wickland, Manager, Terrestrial Ecology ProgramDr. Greg Hunolt, Contractor, Columbus Technologies and Services ESDIS Metrics Support

Project duration: June 1, 2013 through May 31, 2018 (5 years)


GFSAD30 Project Team and Roles

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Project Team: PI and co-Is


Dr. Prasad S. Thenkabail, PI, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ;Dr. Cristina Milesi, co-I, California State University @ Monterey bay\NASA Ames, CA;Dr. Mutlu Ozdogan, co-I, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI;Dr. Chandra Giri, co-I, U.S. Geological Survey, EROS data Center, Sioux Falls, SD;Dr. Russell G. Congalton, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH;Dr. James C. Tilton, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD;Dr. Temuulen Tsagaan Sankey, co-I, Northern Arizona, University (NAU), Flagstaff, AZ

Six co-Is and a PI

Prasad Thenkabail [email protected], Prasad Thenkabail [email protected], Cristina Milesi [email protected], "Milesi, Cristina (ARC-SGE)[CAL STATE UNIV - MONTEREY BAY]" [email protected], Mutlu Ozdogan [email protected], Mutlu Ozdogan [email protected], Chandra Giri [email protected], Russ Congalton [email protected], "Tilton, James C. (GSFC-6063)" [email protected], Temuulen Tsagaan Sankey [email protected],

mailto:[email protected]










Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Project Staff: Research Scientists and Students


1. Dr. Pardhasaradhi Teluguntla, Research Scientist 1, Bay Area Environmental Institute (based in U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ);2. Dr. Jun Xiong, Research Scientist 2\Post Doc, Northern Arizona University (based in U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ);3. Mr. Richard Massey, PhD student 1 (advisors: Prof. Temuulen Sankey and Dr. Prasad Thenkabail), Northern Arizona University and U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ);4. Ms. Kamini Yadav, PhD student 2 (advisor: Prof. Russ Congalton), University of New Hampshire. NH;5. Mr. Aparna Phalke, PhD student 3 (advisor: Prof. Murlu Ozdogan), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI;

Two Research scientists and 3 PhD students

Pardhasaradhi Teluguntla ([email protected]; [email protected]), Jun Xiong ([email protected]; [email protected]), richard massey ([email protected]; [email protected]), Kamini Yadav ([email protected]), Ms. Aparna Phalke ([email protected]; [email protected])










Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project LP DAAC


Ultimately all our Products will go into LP DAAC. I see this as three step process:A. Develop products and validate within team;B. Release BETA version on GFSAD30 web\data portal along with peer reviewd publicationC. Release the product to LP DAAC

LP DAAC Contacts for the project:

1. Dr. Dave Meyer, USGS EROS2. Stacie Bennett, USGS

Dave Meyer ([email protected]); Stacie Doman Bennett ([email protected]),

Others?: Tom Maiersperger <[email protected]>, Chris Doescher <[email protected]>



Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Web\Data Portal Support


The way forward here could be: (Note: Cristina and Jeff will provide greater details later)A. Develop intial GFSAD30 web portal and launch it with support from Jeff Peters et al.;B. Get it more populated and bring in more sophistication when GFSAD30 web support person comes

in;C. Coordinate with LP DAAC to take it to next level.

1. Mr. Jeff Peters, USGS WGSC2. Web developer, TBD, NASA AMES (starting Year 2)

Jeff Peters ([email protected]);


Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Google Earth Engine


How can we leverage Google Earth Engine capabilities in our project: (Note: Jeanne Jones will provide more details)1. Need to learn. Have invited Jeanne Jones of USGS WGSC who will provide some more insights

along with Chandra Giri;2. Look into these: earthengine.google.org; http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/wrc/videos.htm3. USGS WGSC (Susan Benjamin) has signed an agreement that allows us to script (python, javascript) and develop on the site;

3. Dr. Jeanne Jones, USGS WGSC

Jeanne Jones ([email protected]);

http://earthengine.google.org/

http://earthengine.google.org/

http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/wrc/videos.htm

http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/wrc/videos.htm



GFSAD30 Overarching Goal


Monitoring global croplands (GCs) is imperative for ensuring sustainable water and food security to the people of the world in the Twenty-first Century. However, the currently available cropland products suffer from major limitations such as: (1) Absence of precise spatial location of the cropped areas; (b) Coarse resolution nature of the map products with significant uncertainties in areas, locations, and detail; (b) Uncertainties in differentiating irrigated areas from rainfed areas; (c) Absence of crop types and cropping intensities; and (e) Absence of a dedicated web\data portal for the dissemination of cropland products.

The overarching goal of this project is to produce consistent and unbiased estimates of global agricultural cropland areas, crop types, crop watering method, and cropping intensities using Multi-sensor, Multi-date Remote Sensing and mature cropland mapping algorithms (CMAs).

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project

Overarching Goal


GFSAD30 Five Products


Therefore, our project aims to close these gaps through a Global Cropland Area Database at nominal 30m (GCAD30) with 5 distinct products:

1. Cropland extent\area,2. Irrigated versus rainfed, 3. Cropping intensities: single, double, triple, and continuous cropping; 4. Crop types with focus on 8 crops that occupy 70% of the global cropland areas; and5. Change over space and time.

…….from above comes:• crop productivity (productivity per unit of land) and • water productivity (productivity per unit of water or crop per drop)

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Five Key Products Each of us Will Have to Produce


Rice crop in India: Year 2000

World Crops: 2000

GFSAD30: NASA MEaSUREs Project on Global Food Security Key Products for

the Entire World @ 30m (Landsat + MODIS + secondary)


GFSAD30 Product 1 Cropland Extent and

Areas


~2.3 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs)

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 1: Cropland Extent and Areas

Pardha et al.


GFSAD30 Product 2 Irrigated versus

Rainfed


~2.3 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs) with 34% irrigated and 66% rainfed.

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 2: Irrigation versus Rainfed

Pardha et al.


GFSAD30 Product 3 Cropping Intensity


Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 3: Cropping Intensity


GFSAD30 Product 4 Crop Types

1. Focus on global mapping irrigated and rainfed croplands and computing their blue water and green water use


2. Focus on 18 crops occupy 85% of all global cropland areas…..so, we can focus on them

1.5-1.8 billion ha. (10.3% to 12% of total land area) in agricultural croplands

Thenkabail et al. 2012

70% area by 8 crops

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 4: Crop Types (8 Major Crops and Others)


GFSAD30 Product 5 Change over Time and

Space


Month by month NDVI dynamics of global croplands. Year 2000.

Thenkabail and Gumma, 2012

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Product 5: Change over Space and Time


Center image of global cropland (irrigated and rainfed) areas @ 1 km for year 2000 produced by overlying the remote sensing derived product of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI; Thenkabail et al., 2012, 2011, 2009a, 2009b; http://www.iwmigiam.org) over 5 dominant crops (wheat, rice, maize, barley and soybeans) of the world produced by Ramankutty et al. (2008). The 5 crops constitute about 60% of all global cropland areas. The IWMI remote sensing product is derived using remotely sensed data fusion (e.g., NOAA AVHRR, SPOT VGT, JERS SAR), secondary data (e.g., elevation, temperature, and precipitation), and in-situ data. Total area of croplands is 221 Mha of which 160 million hectares is total area available for irrigation (without considering cropping intensity) and 467 million hectares is annualized irrigated areas (considering cropping intensity). Surrounding NDVI images of irrigated areas: The January to December irrigated area NDVI dynamics is produced using NOAA AVHRR NDVI. The irrigated areas were determined by Thenkabail et al. (2011, 2009a, b).

South Asia has 34% (~160 Mha) of global irrigated areas…….you see the dynamics of irrigated areas of South Asia for one year, month by month.


http://www.iwmigiam.org/

EO Data Looking at Crop Dynamics: Month of April from 1981-2001


Cropland extent: get this accurately mapped and masked; There is ~1.5 to 1.7 billion hectares of croplands; but due to fragmented areas and spread, we will require ~2000 Landsat images (~3 billion hectares).………wall-to-wall coverage of cropland areas will roughly require:1. Landsat images: ~20002. MODIS time-series: over the same area

~

Step 1: We currently have a very good cropland extent map @ 1 km…….that will be a starting point…… to work towards very accurate global cropland extent map @ 30 m



Month by Month NDVI dynamics of global croplands. Years 1982-2000

Thenkabail and Gumma, 2012



GFSAD30 Study Areas

Pardha/Prasad/Jun/Giri (Asia & Australia)

Aparna/Mutlu/Prasad/Giri (Europe &Middle East)

Jun/Cristina/Prasad/Pardha/Mutlu/Giri

(South America & Africa)

Richard/Teki/Prasad/Pardha/Giri(North America)

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project

Study Areas


GFSAD30 Baseline Data and Data Processing

• Landsat GLS data• 1970s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010

• MODIS 250 m NDVI data• 2000s (2000-2002), 2010 (2010-2012)

• AVHRR 10 km NDVI data• 1982-2011

• MODIS B1 and B2 data• 2000s, 2010s

• Secondary Data• Elevation (GDEM, 30 m), precipitation 40 yr average (CRU,

50 km), AVHRR skin temperature (10 km), potential ET based on 100 yr climate data (100 km). Also, others like Soils, slope etc.


Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Baseline Data Infrastructure

Wait for Jun Xiong’s Presentation

Total no of tiles needed: 9,770 (Digital number files)Average size of single tile: 500 Mb (excluding thermal and panchromatic bands)Total volume for the Globe*: ~ 4.8 TB (DN Images)Total volume for the Globe: ~20.0 TB (Reflectance Images) #

No. of tiles:3357Total Volume: 1.7 TB



No. of tiles:1324Total Volume: 0.7TB




* For all the landmass, except Antarctica continent # Each reflectance image is 4 times by volume of a DN image

Landsat Coverage of the World

…………..further drastic reduction is possible if we consider only areas mapped as irrigated and rainfed in GIAM and GMRCA.

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Landsat Data of the World: Overview


Web-enabled (free) Landsat Data and Rapid Generation Products via Supercomputers USGS and NASA Partnership: Free data, Global Products Processed within Hours to Day\s

http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov; http://glovis.usgs.gov/

Data normalization, harmonization, mosaicking, running algorithms, product generation

NDVI Multiple bands displayed in FCC

Images of different dates; nominal 2010

~ 4900 Landsat image tiles where croplands exists to some degree, at times a small patch

Ability to mosaic, run algorithms, and generate global products within few hours to few days…..challenge is to go from products like NDVI to Cropland Products (e.g., crop types, crop stress\drought, crop productivity, water productivity……)

Jun et al.

http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

http://glovis.usgs.gov/




GFSAD30 Implementation of Automated Cropland

Mapping Algorithms


Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Implementation of Cropland Mapping Algorithms

Wait for Pardha, Jun, Mutlu, Teki’s Presentations


Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Implementation of Cropland Mapping Algorithms: Jun and Pardha’s work

1. Synergestic methods for GFSAD30 cropland products development;

2. Knowledge base of GSFAD30 cropland products based on what we learn in step 1;

3. Coding\algorithm development for automated production of GFSAD30 cropland products.


GFSAD30 Ground Data:

What we Have and What we need to Acquire


Uncertainties, Errors, and Accuracies: A complete error analysis and validation is necessary in order to evaluate the sources of error, control them, and make effective use of the global cropland maps and statistics created. It is achieved through: (a) error matrix analysis, and (b) regression analysis. An error matrix (overall, producers, and user’s accuracies).

Data used for accuracy assessments include: (i) 25% of the 20,000 ground data points, (ii) thousand+ globally well distributed very high resolution (sub-meter to 5 meter) Commercial Imagery Derived Requirement (CIDR) Database of USGS, available free of cost to the project through the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (https://warp.nga.mil/), (iii) our ongoing collaborative work over large areas (e.g., rice map of Asia; Figure 7), (iv) maps from national systems (e.g., USDA cropland data layer; see letters of support from global partners; also e.g., MoWR, 2011, MOA, 2010), and (b) 500, 5 x 5 kilometer samples used in global land cover products (Olofsson et al., 2011, Stehman et al., 2011).

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Ground Data: What we Have and What we Need to Acquire

Wait for Mutlu’s Presentation and also let us Discuss where we need to Plan Ground campaigns

https://warp.nga.mil/


GFSAD30 Other Reference Data: Collaborators,

Country Stats, Regional Maps, Published products

48) Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-pulses

118) Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow

180) Irrigated-SW-TC-rice-pulses-rice

211) Irrigated-DC-SW-rice-rice

Land use / Land cover

01. Rainfed-lowlands-flood-rice

02. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow

03. Rainfed-SC-rice-pulses

04. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice

05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-b.gram-rice

06. Irrigated-SW-TC-rice-chickpea-rice

07. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow-MS (30% trees)

08. Rainfed-SC-groundnut/pigeonpea

09. Rangelands mix with rainfed mixed crops

10. Water bodies

11. Built-up lands

12. Forests/Savannas/others

Regions! Field-plot data

Land use / land cover Area (ha)

01. Rainfed-lowlands-flood-rice 359,235

02. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow 1,047,616 03. Rainfed-SC-rice-pulses 1,847,062 04. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice 1,089,190 05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-b.gram-rice 1,355,567

06. Irrigated-SW-TC-rice-chickpea-rice 764,342

07. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow-MS (30% trees) 28,864 08. Rainfed-SC-groundnut/pigeonpea 6,360,483 09. Rangelands mix with rainfed mixed crops 3,391,835

10. Water bodies 581,912

11. Built-up lands 97,429 12. Forests/Savannas/others 50,355,260 Regions Ground-truth

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project New 2013 Ground Data Example


Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Other Reference Data: National Stats, Published Maps etc.

1. Further field campaigns (starting this summer);

2. Leverage people you know in countries you work to strengthen on ground data, statistical data, secondary map data;

3. Share in standard format on common platform.


GFSAD30 Reporting and

Delivery of Products

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Strategy for Delivery of Products: 3 Stages


Products and it’s Delivery Mechanism:Ultimately all our Products will go into LP DAAC. I see this as three step process:

A. Develop products and validate them within team;B. Release BETA version on GFSAD30 web\data portal along with peer-reviewed

publication;C. Release the product to LP DAAC.

Reporting:D. Report to NASA every 6 months

Milestones:E. Need to meet the strict milestones to ensure continued Funding


GFSAD30 Budgets

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Budgets


1. Each co-I need to work on their Year 2 Budgets with me at Some Stage (March?) Given paperwork always takes time;

2. Some re-working\Changes in project budget is required in year 2 based on priorities and accomplishments (and also depending on how much we get from NASA);

3. We also need to have line items exactly accounted (e.g., definite numbers for travel etc.);

4. No moving budgets around line items once it is approved, and finalized; and

5. Budgets must be accompanied by budget justification.


GFSAD30 Workshop Format

Global Food Security-support Data @ 30 m (GFSAD30) Project Workshop Format


1. Less emphasis on presentations (brief);2. High emphasis on discussions;3. Informal, one can stop and ask questions at any stage.4. Keep to time allocated;5. ……by end of day 2 we should have “collective vision”

on where we are headed!

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