PRACTICE FRQ: Use the chart in order to evaluate your FRQ. PRACTICE FRQ: Use the chart in order to evaluate your FRQ. Highlight the areas where your written responses are Highlight the areas where your written responses are similar to the information outlined in the chart.similar to the information outlined in the chart.

Patient Number

Nickname Neurotransmitter Issue

Patient 1 Shaky = might be suffering from Parkinson’s Disease

Dopamine = related to regulating movement, reward, focus, hallucinations, and delusions

Patient 2 Zippy = probably has excess energy and is overly stressed and anxious. May be seeking treatment for those ailments

Norepinephrine = related to energy, anxiety, and panic attacks, causes heart rate to increase

Patient 3 Boozer = might pass out, looks drunk b/c has high amounts of GABA

GABA = major inhibitory neurotransmitter, “nature’s valium”

Patient 4 Coolie = has high levels so he probably has very little anxiety & is willing to take risks or be involved in illegal activities

Serotonin = high levels are related to relaxation and emotional wellness, but can also lead to impulse control problems. If too high can lead to Serotonin Syndrome

Patient 5 The Professor = probably seeking treatment because too much glutamate can over-excite neurons and destroy them

Glutamate = major excitatory neurotransmitter related to learning and memory

Patient 6 Poppy = has high dopamine levels so is probably numb to pain and feels pretty good, but could lose consciousness and possibly die if levels get too high

Endorphins = act like opiates, linked to pain control and pleasure center, reduces pain by inhibiting it

Patient 7 Pokey = has a lack of energy and all he wants to do is hang out and rest, can’t properly react to stressful situations

Acetylcholine = related to parasympathetic nerv system, plays a role in memory, movement, arousal & attention

The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System

the body’s “slow” chemical communication system

a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Nervous System vs. Endocrine Nervous System vs. Endocrine SystemSystem

Nervous System

Chemicals = neurotransmitters

Nervous system secretes neurotransmitters into CNS

Signals sent in fractions of a second

Endocrine System

Chemicals = hormones

Endocrine system secretes hormones into blood stream

Chemicals can take many seconds to begin working, effects can last longer (hours, days)

Both:Regulate conditions in body

Use chemicals for communication

Hormones are SpecificHormones are SpecificOnly certain cells in the body

can respond to hormones and, often, only at limited times. ◦ In order for cells to respond

they must have the hormone receptor molecule

Example:Oxytocin= released by the

pituitary gland◦ Acts on only 2 tissues, the

breasts and uterus◦ Only under certain

conditions causes uterine contractions causes breast tissue to

produce milk

Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland Controlled by the hypothalamus Called the “master gland” anterior pituitary lobe releases hormones that

regulate other glands posterior lobe regulates water & salt balance Problems = growth disorders, fertility probs,

impotence

anterior pituitary lobe

releases hormones that

regulate organs and other glands.

posterior lobe regulates water and salt balance.

Thyroid & Parathyroid Thyroid & Parathyroid GlandsGlands Regulate metabolism and calcium

Problems =◦ Hyperthyroidism – nervousness,

tremors, hunger, weight loss, protruding eyes

◦ Hypothyroidism – fatigue, weight gain, mental impairment

Adrenal GlandsAdrenal Glands Important in stressful/emotional

situations◦ adrenal cortex

Secretes cortisone, which speeds up metabolism◦ adrenal medulla

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones

Problems = ◦ Addison’s Disease - skin, weight &

dizziness◦ Cushing’s Disease - muscle & bone disease

PancreasPancreasRegulates sugar metabolism by

producing insulinProblems = diabetes, cancer,

pancreatitis

Pineal GlandPineal GlandConnects endocrine syst

with nervous systReleases melatoninProblems = disruptive sleep

GonadsGonadstesticles or ovariesProduce sex hormones: estrogen,

progesterone, testosteroneProblems = cancer, fertility issues

Happy Thanksgiving!!!Happy Thanksgiving!!!

BBC Documentary: Brain BBC Documentary: Brain StoryStoryhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=BAzroGRU5fQ&feature=em-share_video_in_list_user&list=PLCC64B45817E07D8E