Practical Motor Protection, Control and Maintenance Technologies
Practical Power Transformers: Operation, Maintenance and Testing
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Transcript of Practical Power Transformers: Operation, Maintenance and Testing
Technology Training that works
Practical Power Transformers: Operation, Maintenance & Testing
Technology Training that works
Technology Training that worksTechnology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Telecommunications
• Greek stem : “Tele” meaning “at a distance” with the word “communications” meaning “the science and practice of transmitting information”
• Dictionary of Communications Technology : "a term encompassing the transmission or reception of signals, images, sounds, or information by wire, radio, optic, or infra-red media“
• Public switched telephone network (PSTN) : Developed for carrying voice communications
• Low investment cost
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Principles of Telecommunications Services
Provide services to the users
Requires execution of a series of programs by originating and destination entities
Decomposed into different layers, where each layer undertakes a specified portion of the overall service
Includes information transfer, signaling, and billing
Corruption of Signals during transmission due to interference
Protocols incorporate error correction and detection mechanisms
Transfer of information is in the form of different bits
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Telecommunication Standards
• Standardization essential to enable the global PSTN to function
• International Standardization Organization (ISO)
• International Telecommunication Union (ITU) • Provided by
• Standards organizations:
• European Telecommunication Standardization Institute (ETSI)
• International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
• Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
• Electronics Industries Association (EIA)
• Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA)
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• Frame Relay Forum, ADSL Forum , ATM Forum
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