Ryo IMURA Ph.DHitachi, Ltd.

Professor, University of Tokyo

Practical Implementation of RFID

for Driving Ubiquitous Information Society

台日RFID技術・應用検討會 2 JULY, 2007

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Evolution of RFID Technology

Attention to Auto Identificationin Ubiquitous Network

SCM for Retail IndustriesPalette & Case level, Long reading distance, Anti-collision1) more cost reduction, 2) improve the system operation

Social Demand of Traceability serviceItem level tagging, Authentication1) Security & Safety, 2) Reliability, 3) Quality, 4) TraceabilityUbiquitous ID (ucode*) :

*unique ID code simply to identify item information

Ubiquitous :Networked service for Product information and Location

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1. Chip SizeWorld smallest RFID chip 0.4 mm x 0.4mm x 0.1mm

2. 2.45GHz ISM band 3. Security

Read only memory (ROM)128 bits unique ID (ucode) written during production

4. Passive Transponder No power source to maintain the chip (battery-less)Reading distance: approx 10-60 cm with anti-collision

5. SimplicityComplex functionality enabled through back officesystem and networked database (No application data)

approx. 50mm

(Originally developed for Anti-counterfeit of Money in 1997)

μ-Chip for item tagging with ucode

μ-Chip

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Ticket of Aichi World EXPO 200

#Total 25M ticketswith embedded μ-Chip

#For preventingcounterfeit

#Reservation system

#Error rate = 0.0016%

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Service and Concernsin Ubiquitous RFID Applications

●To realize Secure and Easy access services from anytime,anywhere, anyone and anything

●RFID applications and new business models are related tomany items such as services, network architecture, security,privacy and even for human lifestyle & culture

●The essential part should be how can RFID solutions meetthe User Requirements and Public Expectation

●To add value to the existing market situation both in theupstream processing industry and for downstream consumersEx. Traceability in Food Chain and Medicine

Prevention of Counterfeit & Copy products

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1. Diseases BSE, Chicken Fever

2. Contamination Virus, Food Additives, Chemical remainders

3. Security Anti-counterfeit

4. Quality Assurance GM food products

e.g. Regulation and Standardization in Japan・Food Safety Law・Production record ＪＡＳ(Japanese Agricultural Standard) Law・Beef Traceability Law (Dec 2004)・ＨＡＣＣＰ（Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point）・ISO２２０００（Food Safety Management System）

Increase in Customer Concerns

Current topics in the Food Marke

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-- What BrandWhat Brand-- How to BreedHow to Breed-- Which Farm Which Farm -- When to beWhen to be

inspectedinspected-- Weight gainWeight gain-- FeedFeedcharacteristicscharacteristics

-- MedicalMedicalrecordsrecords

-- StatutoryStatutorycompliancecompliance

Animal Tag for Individual Pig Tracing

*Joint collaboration between All JapanAgricultural Association and Meat

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Traceability in Future Food Chain

Consumer

UbiquitousAccess toProduct/FoodInformation

Farm/MakerOriginProduceProcessingShipment

DistributionSortingInspectionLabelingDelivery

Market/StoreArrivalInventoryQualityInspection

Production & Distribution history

Traceability DB Center

Information

Customer Concerns- Disease (Bird full)- Contamination- Security- Quality (Freshness)

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Item Tagging of Small Medicine Packa

“S” shape patternsmall antenna tag(molded in PlasticCap in future)

To identify each druginformation throughInternet Data Center

Product DB

Checking miss-packing, medical effects ocombination and terms of validity etc.

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Certified Tag for Fire Sensor

For checkingterms of validityof Batteryfor use of periodicInspection andMaintenanceservice

*Authorized by Japan Housing Corporation

UID-DB*

UID : Ubiquitous Data Center (For Building & Home security)

ucode tag

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Practical application in Power Industry

Confirmation of terminal wiring byunique ID code matching each otherFor Construction and Maintenancein case of huge number of wiring

- Testing for Terminal connection -Newly developedU-shaped antenna

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Tool and Implement ManagementPrevention of missing Tools item levelitem level

for your safety and secure construction ““Tool GuardTool Guard””Package SystemPackage System

1.Attaching RFIDunique ID to eachTool with on-Metalapplication Tag

2.Check Tool IDsbefore carrying out

3.Confirm each ID& number of Toolsafter usage

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Difficulties in 13.56MHz, UHF band RFID implementation dueto the narrow tag spacing and interference between readers

NCmachineprocess

DB associates each material with the μ-IDand its correspondingNC process data

NC Process DataDB

Paintingprocess

InspectionStage

Inspection Order

RFID Application for Factory Automati

Issues to be solved: - Error rate (up to 5%) of conventional Bar-code- Bar-code cannot be read after painting process

Material Wood

ID read&

Access toNC data

Attachingμ-Chip tag

&ID read

μ-ID μ-ID NC Data

Entry & linking ofμ-ID and NC Processinformation

μ-ID

- - -Full Automation- - -

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Sample Tag for CD/DVD Authenticati

To identify theDisc for rentalservice(it also protectsillegal copy ofcontents)

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Anti-counterfeit Prevention for Liquo

Liquor labelwith fragileantenna(not to bereused)

To identifyoriginal brand

DB

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Ubiquitous

To get Information and to track & trace Products LifecycleNetworked RFID is a key for realization of Ubiquitous SocietyTo get Information and to track & trace Products LifecycleNetworked RFID is a key for realization of Ubiquitous Society

SDMMC

E-TowerGame Machine

Telephone

PC

DVD

Audio

TVSTBDVC Map Information

IC Card

SDMMC

SDMMC

SIM

♪Digitalcontents

Intranet Information

PersonalInformation

Car/Railway Mobile Office/Factory

Home Outdoor Street/Shop

Networked RFID in Ubiquitous

Public expectation

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Mobile RFID ReaderKey device for Ubiquitous Network Access

Prototype Reader embedded intocell phone

RFID reader and cell phonecombined with Bluetooth

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Guideline for Public Policy

Starting up RFID in Lifestyle1) Do not implement RFID only by industry users viewpoint2) Listen to the consumer’s voice and clear up their concern

Needs basic policy1) Inform the consumer : Notice “RFID tag attached ! “2) “RFID tag” could be killed by consumer’s request

(At least to provide the technical solution)

- Privacy protection and Security -

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UHF band RFID for Open SCM use(ISO18000-6)

IC chip

Antenna

ISO 18000-6 Type C compliant“μ-Chip HIBIKI” UHF band tag Prototype

Final target : 5￠ price level Inlet (chip+antenna)@100M/month

Inlet size：154mm×13mm

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Retail Store Consumer

Sales Consumption

Deactivation Reactivation

New Feature planned by post-HIBIKI“Secure RFID” Project

Password operation enables Deactivation & Reactivationin addition to Kill Command

New Feature planned by post-HIBIKI“Secure RFID” Project

Password operation enables Deactivation & Reactivationin addition to Kill Command

ISO18000-6 Type CCurrent specification

“Kill Command” =Permanent Deactivation

ISO18000-6 Type CCurrent specification

“Kill Command” =Permanent Deactivation

Reuse & Recycle

RFID tag

PasswordPasswordReadable Unreadable or

Reduced Read Distance Readable

Privacy Protection Schemeby “Secure RFID”

Project

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Returnable Cage Control for ECO’S

Distribution readingDistribution reading

Antenna

Light

Hibiki Tag

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Processing DistributorMaterial Supplier RetailerTagging Cost System cost &

Operation CostOperation Improvement & Cost Reduction

Clear Benefit on SCMNo Direct Benefit by tagging

Warehouse

Mismatch!

““BeneficiaryBeneficiary”” may not always be the may not always be the ““Cost payerCost payer””

““BeneficiaryBeneficiary”” ====““Cost PayerCost Payer””Who is the Who is the ““Decision MakerDecision Maker””? ?

Negative Happy & Positive

Issue for Open SCM Business Use

Mechanism for costMechanism for cost--sharingsharing and balance the costs & benefitsand balance the costs & benefits

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RFID Product Position and Standa

13.56MHzi-code [NXP]

my-d [Infineon]Felica [Sony]Railway pass

Amusement ticket

2.45GHzIntelli-tag [Intermec]μ-Chip [Hitachi]Authentication &Item level tagging

UHFEPC-Global [Impinj]

HIBIKI [Hitachi]Pallet & case levelInventory & SCM

135kHzTIRIS [TI]

Animal taggingImmobilizer

Ubiquitous Network covers MultiUbiquitous Network covers Multi--band Frequencyband Frequency

ISO 18000 StandardMarket baseStandard

CoCo--existence of Multiexistence of Multi--band RFIDband RFIDsuitable for various use and applicationssuitable for various use and applications

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Total of more than 500 companies !ORACLE

Ubiquitous ID center membership

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PDA typePDA type Business UCBusiness UC μμUCUC

Ubiquitous multi band Reader

●Several types of Ubiquitous communicator (By Ubiquitous Network Lab.)(common for both 13.56MHz & 2.45GHz)

●U-ID Evaluation Kit◎PDA type reader and

authorized U-code tagwith U-ID software◎Network connection with

U-ID data center for linkingsystem operation

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Platform Ubiquitous ＩＤ Center RFID tag & reader supplierHitachi etc.

Industry ・・・・・Steel Publishing Food e-ticketMedical

Drug/Health

Ministry

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Ministry of Internal

Affairs and Communications

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and

Fisheries

Ministry of Land

Infrastructure and Transport

Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare ・・・・・

・・・・・

Industry, academic, government promote strongly various activity for utilization - Driven by e-Japan strategy-

Joint activities for Traceability Implementatio

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Service engineersService engineers can verified can verified the product and get informationthe product and get informationBy reading By reading µµ--chip.chip.

Distributors/retailerDistributors/retailer can verified the can verified the product and get product Information product and get product Information by reading by reading µµ--chip tag.chip tag.

Put customizedPut customized µµ--chip tagchip tagon the PCBon the PCB

Data control centerData control center

InternetInternetInternet

IntranetIntranetIntranet

feedback

Product Lifecycle Management (P

Final Goal : Reuse and Recycle system

Quality control and trackingQuality control and tracking by by reading reading µµ--chip tagschip tags

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Over the coming 10-20 years

--- Low cost tag & reader ---Embedded technology --- System operation ---Networked RFID--- Proliferation of devices [mobile phones with RFID readers ?]--- Sensor Network (Location system, temperature tracking etc)

In-house (Production FA, QA)SCM (Palette & Case)

Authentication (Item level)Product Lifecycle Management

New Mobile Device Business Models

- Railway pass - Citizen Cards- e-ticket - Contact-less Payments- e-Pedigree - Food packaging- Recycling - Banknote- Passports - Smart Toys

EVOLUTION

APPLICATION

ROAD MAP

Environmental Regulation : WEEE, RoHS, REACH

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To the next step :- Common understandings for Public acceptance- Feasibility Test to show the clear Benefit for bothIndustry users and Consumers

- Innovative Technology Development by Government,Industry and Academia

Essentials for RFID Revolution

Three major categories of RFIDs Shadow costSafety & Security

Reliability

Nice to have RFIDCost reduction in SCM

Brand protection

Must to have RFIDQuality control

Traceability

Hugh potential market

Public expectation

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Summary

●Mechanism for cost-sharing and balance the cost & benefit is the key for open SCM industry users

●Essential part of RFID application is to add value to the existing solution based on users requirement,especially Traceability, Security and Safety aspect

●No single RFID Standard can cover entire RFID application and users may select the most suitable RFID products for specific