PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF BASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS George Ayokunle SANTOS Principal Consultant.
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Transcript of PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF BASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS George Ayokunle SANTOS Principal Consultant.
Slide 1
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OFBASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTSGeorge Ayokunle SANTOSPrincipal Consultant
Interactive Presentation
Question and Answer Session
ConclusionPractical Applications of Basic Human Factor Concepts Interactive Presentation
Question and Answer Session
Conclusion
OverviewPractical Applications of Basic Human Factor ConceptsPractical Applications of Basic Human Factor Concepts
Overview.. Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little, falls into lazy habits of thinking
Albert Einstein
Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress & Stress Management Information Management Decision making Communication Leadership and Teamwork Situational Awareness Workload Management Motivation and MoraleHUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS
SAMPLE STUDYFactory AccidentCosts?ContainmentEvacuationTreatmentRehabilitationInsuranceEMS
Factory AccidentCosts?ContainmentEvacuationTreatmentRehabilitationInsuranceTangible Costs
SAMPLE STUDYIntangible CostsFactory AccidentTangible CostsImmediate Man-Hour LossResultant Man-Hour LossStaff MoraleCorporate Image
SAMPLE STUDYIntangible CostsAircraft AccidentImmediate Man-Hour LossResultant Man-Hour LossStaff MoraleCorporate Image
DamagesInjuryRevenueReputationMoraleCultureTangibleCostsIntangibleCostsIntangibleCostsTangibleCosts
Aircraft Accident
IntangibleCostsTangibleCostsDamagesInjuryRevenueReputationMoraleCultureTangibleCostsDamagesInjuryRevenueHumanFactorsAircraft AccidentIntangibleCostsReputationMoraleCultureHumanFactors
What?Why?
What?Why?HumanFactors90%VideoHuman Factors
Human FactorsPSYCHOLOGYPHYSIOLOGYBehaviourAttitudesEmotionsFatigueTaste, SmellSleep ManagementJust CultureOperational DisciplineChange Management Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress and Stress managementSituational Awareness CommunicationBASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS Procedures, Rules & Regulations
Motivation and Morale
AssessmentPractical Applications3In all organised systems, there is an optimum level of control, guidance and/or instruction that should be levied upon individuals who operate in the system.
A further increase in the amount of guidance and/or instruction given would have the effect of degrading the standards of those operating within the system.Rules and regulations seek toprovide guidance and/or instruction SHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNING Procedures, Rules & RegulationsWhy do we have Rules and Regulations?Number and Levels ofRules and Regulations#129/01/0216
SHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNINGNumberof Accidents& IncidentsInRealityPresumedResponseNumber/Level of Rules and RegulationsOptimumSHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNING Procedures, Rules & Regulations29/01/0217
SHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNING
Numberof Accidents& IncidentsInRealityPresumedResponseNumber/Level of Rules and RegulationsOptimumSymptoms?
SwissairFlight 111
Wednesday2nd September1998 Procedures, Rules & Regulations
29/01/0218
WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN?SHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNINGDutch traffic guru Hans Monderman ."Too many rules strip us of the most important thing:the ability to be considerate. We are losing our capacity for socially responsible behaviour..."The greater the number of prescriptions,the more peoples sense of personal responsibility dwindles."Dutch traffic guru Hans Monderman ."Too many rules strip us of the most important thing:the ability to be considerate. We are losing our capacity for socially responsible behaviour..."The greater the number of prescriptions,the more peoples sense of personal responsibility dwindles." Procedures, Rules & RegulationsNumberof Accidents& IncidentsInRealityPresumedResponseNumber/Level of Rules and RegulationsOptimum29/01/0219
SHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNINGDrachten, NETHERLANDS ( Holland) 45,000 PopulationDespite the presence of many bicyclists and pedestrians on the roads,the removal of the notices from a large and busy junction resulted in a reduction in accidents: from 36 in four years to 2 in two years.. i.e. from 9 1 per year! Procedures, Rules & RegulationsSHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNINGNumberof Accidents& IncidentsInRealityPresumedResponseNumber/Level of Rules and RegulationsOptimum29/01/0220
Procedures, Rules & Regulations
29/01/0221
Drachten, NETHERLANDS ( Holland) 45,000 PopulationSeven cities and regions worldwide are giving roads with reduced/removed signage a try- with impressive results in Australia: Bendigo Germany: Wolfach New Zealand: Auckland
Sweden: Norrkping United Kingdom: Brighton United States: W. Palm Beach Procedures, Rules & RegulationsSHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNINGNumberof Accidents& IncidentsInRealityPresumedResponseNumber/Level of Rules and RegulationsOptimum29/01/0222
10On average, a person's short-term memory can hold about 5-7 bits of information at a time Procedures, Rules & RegulationsAlso.1012345678923
Procedures, Rules & RegulationsPerception..Percepo .....Eu preciso de dinheiropara a pesquisa em acohol24outside the box!Think
Think Procedures, Rules & RegulationsPerception..Case Study Sterile Cockpit Procedures
25For Rules and Regulations,More Rules does not always equate toBetter Standards. 1Key Procedures, Rules & Regulations29/01/0226
Whilst actively encouraging aculture of discipline, our systemsand procedures should take theconvenience of conformanceinto cognisance. Procedures, Rules & RegulationsTaking NaturalHuman BehaviourInto Consideration#2
How? Procedures, Rules & RegulationsEnquanto ativamente incentivando uma cultura da disciplina, nossos sistemas e procedimentos devem tomar o "convenincia" de conformidade em conhecimento.
Procedures, Rules & Regulations29/01/0229
Where shouldfootpaths beinstalled Procedures, Rules & Regulations
29/01/0230
Where shouldfootpaths beinstalled Procedures, Rules & Regulations
29/01/0231
Procedures, Rules & RegulationsIs it of any real value having a highly motivated workforce? Motivation & MoraleMotivationMotivaoLegislationLegislao29/01/0232
Motivation & MoraleMotivationMotivaoLegislationLegislao
LegislationMotivation29/01/0233
MEN WANTED for hazardous journey. Small wages,bitter cold, long months of complete darkness,constant danger, safe return doubtful.
Honour and recognition in case of success.Job advert for the first Antarctic expedition. - Explorer Ernest Shackleton in a 1890
Case Study Motivation & Morale
29/01/0234
MEN WANTED for hazardous journey. Small wages,bitter cold, long months of complete darkness,constant danger, safe return doubtful.
Honour and recognition in case of success.Job advert for the first Antarctic expedition. - Explorer Ernest Shackleton in a 1890
Case Study Motivation & Morale
MEN WANTED for hazardous journey. Small wages,bitter cold, long months of complete darkness,constant danger, safe return doubtful.
Honour and recognition in case of success.29/01/0235
People wanting to do
what needs to be done,
whilst enjoying it!
Motivated Workforce ... Motivation & MoraleCase Study29/01/0236
A diamond with a flaw is worth more than a pebble without imperfections Chinese Proverb AssessmentUm diamante com uma falha vale mais do que um seixo sem imperfeies Motivation & Morale37
AssessmentAssessment Standards38
AssessmentAssessment Standards39
AssessmentAssessment Standards40
AssessmentAssessment Standards41 AssessmentAssessment ProcessErrors in Assessment:- Personal interpretation Memory errors Biases due to motivation Scale use - consistency of marking scale
Errors in Assessment:- Personal interpretation Memory errors Biases due to motivation Scale use - consistency of marking scale42 Assessment
Piper Alpha6th July 1988Reporting Systems Communication43Culled from,DISASTER CommunicationReporting Systems
44ba
cdea
CHINESE WHISPERS CommunicationReporting Systems45 CommunicationCommunication Systems
How effective are theyas toolsof communication?
46For Rules and Regulations,More Rules does not always equate toBetter Standards. 1KeyRules and Regulations must take Human Behaviour, Performance and Limitations (Culture) into consideration2Key29/01/0247
HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress & Stress Management Information Management Decision making Communication Leadership and Teamwork Situational Awareness Workload Management Motivation and MoraleIntangible CostsSafety and Financial AffairsLevel of control with rulesNumber of rulesDevelop rulesMotivationAssessmentCommunication SystemsReporting SystemsPractical Applications of Basic Human Factor ConceptsHUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress & Stress Management Information Management Decision making Communication Leadership and Teamwork Situational Awareness Workload Management Motivation and MoraleIntangible CostsSafety and Financial AffairsLevel of control with rulesNumber of rulesDevelop rulesMotivationAssessmentCommunication SystemsReporting SystemsCrewResourceManagement(CRM)Practical Applications of Basic Human Factor Concepts
Intellect - Tools to work withState of mind Ability to use toolsCRM TRAINING SYSTEMVarious CRM Courses Involving
Pilots Crewmen Ops Management HR External AgenciesLPCs OPCs, Line ChecksInvolving
Pilots Crewmen Cabin AttendantsProfessionals Clinical Psychologists Psychiatrists PsychoanalystsTECHNICAL TRAININGNON- TECHNICAL TRAININGEXTERNAL PROFESSIONAL INPUTCrew Resource Management
CASE STUDYColgan Air, Flight 3407 Crash @ Buffalo, Feb 200929/01/0251
Colgan Air, Flight 3407 Crash @ Buffalo, Feb 09The pilots should have paid more attentionThey should have had more disciplineHow could professional pilots stall an airplane?CASE STUDY
29/01/0252
Colgan Air, Flight 3407 Crash @ Buffalo, Feb 09The pilots should have paid more attentionThey should have had more disciplineHow could professional pilots stall an airplane?CASE STUDY
You have to understand why what people did made sense to them at the time Sidney DekkerThe Field Guide to Understanding Human ErrorVoc tem que entender que o que as pessoas faziam fez muito sentido para eles no momento29/01/0253
Had nearly a full day off before assumingcommand of the flight. He spent the nightin the Newark Airport crew lounge, againstairline regulations.Excerpts from Air Crash InvestigationCaptainColgan Air, Flight 3407 Crash @ Buffalo, Feb 09CASE STUDY29/01/0254
Traveled all night as a passenger through the night from Seattle, catching rides on FedEx flights to get to Newark (2,400 miles)
Was feeling ill and had considered backing out of the flight, but added, "I'm pretty tough."
Had no previous simulator training or experience of stick shaker or stick pusher went ahead to override the shaker and pusherCo-PilotCaptainExcerpts from Air Crash InvestigationCASE STUDY
29/01/0255
ERROR132CASE STUDYYou have to understand why what people didmade sense to them at the timeHuman FactorsPSYCHOLOGYPHYSIOLOGYBehaviourAttitudesEmotionsFatigueTaste, SmellSleep ManagementJust CultureOperational DisciplineChange Management Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress and Stress managementSituational Awareness CommunicationBASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTSJust CultureOperational DisciplineChange ManagementIntangible CostsSafety and Financial AffairsLevel of control with rulesNumber of rulesDevelop rulesMotivationAssessmentCommunication SystemsReporting SystemsMaking optimum use of all resourcesResource Management
Question and Answer SessionMathematicsPhysicsTechnical DrawingComputer ProgramingChemistryChemicalEngineering Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress & Stress Management Information Management Decision making Communication Leadership and Teamwork Situational Awareness Workload Management Motivation and MoraleResource Management Conclusion LOSA (Line Operations Safety Audit) FDM (Flight Data Monitoring) CRM (Crew Resource Management) HFACS (Human Factors Analysis andClassification System) TEM (Threat and Error Management) HF (Human Factors)EvaluationManagementResearchResource Management ConclusionResource Management29/01/0261
ConclusionChange ManagementA system that seeks to mitigate effects of inherent risks brought about during the process of change
A system that seeks to mitigate effects of inherent risks brought about during the process of change Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes taken5 Main Components: Conclusion Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes taken Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes taken Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes taken Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes taken Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes takenChange Management
ConclusionChange Management Project/Event Ongoing Project/Event OngoingChanges can be:
ConclusionChange ManagementOBSOLETE LAWSLeis Obsoletas
A pregnant woman can legally relieve herself anywhere she wants even if sheso requests, in a policemans helmet!Alberta: Businesses must provide rails for tying up horsesArkansas: A man can legally beat his wife, but not more than once a month
Oklahoma: Females are forbidden from doing their own hair without being licensed by the state
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OFBASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTSPRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OFBASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS
Obrigado!
George A. SANTOSPrincipal Consultant
[email protected]/01/0267
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