♥♥GROUP 2♥♥

PrOPRIeTARY OPERATING SySTeM

(LyNuXWoRKS-WaVeCoM)

Computer operating system that functions on only one type of computer. Proprietary operating systems limit the ability of Software applications to run on other systems and also limit the market for any Application Software.

Proprietary operating system is one where an company designs, develops and markets it as their own system. Windows is one, OS X is another. You must buy it from them or one of their resellers. Linux is an open source os which you can do what you want with it after you download it for free from the internet. This is what open source means. Do not confuse proprietary operating systems with proprietary applications or software. These are programs developed by a specific company for a specific purpose when off the shelf software will not meet their needs.

LYNUX WORKS-is a software company based in San Jose California, which produces embedded operating system and tools for embedded systems development.

The LynxOS RTOS is a Unix-like real-time operating system from LynuxWorks (formerly \"Lynx Real-Time Systems\"). Sometimes known as the Lynx Operating System, LynxOS features full POSIX conformance and, more recently, Linux compatibility. LynxOS is mostly used in real- time embedded systems, in applications for avionics, aerospace, the military, industrial process control and telecommunications.

1. Micrium's uC/OS-II RTOS can run on Tensilica's Diamond Standard CPU and controller cores (the Diamond Standard 108Mini, 212GP, 232L, and 570T) as well as most Xtensa configurations that don't employ the floating point unit

2. MicroC/OS-II (commonly termed µC/OS-II or uC/OS-II), is a low-cost priority-based pre-emptive real time multitasking operating system kernel for microprocessors, written mainly in the C programming language. It is mainly intended for use in embedded systems.

3. MICROSOFT CORPORATION (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKEX: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of software products for computing devices. Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Windows line of operating systems. Its products have all achieved near-ubiquity in the desktop computer market.

4. XENIX is a version of the Unix operating system, licensed by Microsoft from AT&T in the late 1970s. The Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) later acquired exclusive rights to the software, and eventually began distributing it as SCO UNIX.

5. MSX-DOS is a Disk operating system developed by Microsoft for the 8-bit home computer standard MSX, and is a cross between MS-DOS rev 1.0 and CP/M.

6. MS-DOS (short for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system commercialized by Microsoft. It was the most commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems and was the main operating system for personal computers during the 1980s. It was based on the Intel 8086 family of microprocessors, particularly the IBM PC and compatibles. It was gradually replaced on consumer desktop computers by operating systems offering a graphical user interface (GUI), in particular by various

generations of the Microsoft Windows operating system and Linux. MS-DOS was known before as QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System) and 86-DOS

7. Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 is an operating system (OS) designed for embedded systems including PDAs and mobile phones, working within the constraints of the slow processors and reduced amount of memory available on these devices. It can run on several different types of processor and has support for real time programming. The successor to Windows CE 3.0 is Windows CE 4.0.

8. WINDOWS MOBILE is a compact operating system combined with a suite of basic applications for mobile devices based on the Microsoft Win32 API. . It is designed to be somewhat similar to desktop versions of Windows, feature-wise and aesthetically.

9. WINDOWS CE 5.0 (codenamed \"Macallan\") is a successor to Windows CE 4.2, the third release in the Windows CE .NET family. Windows CE 5.0 like its predecessors is marketed towards the embedded device market and independent device vendors. Windows CE 5.0 is billed as a low-cost, compact, fast-to-market, real-time operating system available for x86, ARM, MIPS, and SuperH microprocessor-based systems.

10. WINDOWS 1.0 is a 16-bit graphical operating environment that was released on 20 November 1985.[1] It was Microsoft's first attempt to implement a multi-tasking graphical user interface-based operating environment on the PC platform. Windows 1.0 was the very first version of Windows launched. It was succeeded by Windows 2.0.

11. WINDOWS 2.0 was a 16-bit Microsoft Windows graphical user interface-based operating environment that superseded Windows 1.0. Windows 2.0 was supplemented by Windows/286 and Windows/386 in 1988. Windows 2.0, Windows/286 and Windows/386 were superseded by Windows 3.0 in May 1990.

12. WINDOWS 3.0 is the third major release of Microsoft Windows, and was released on 22 May 1990. It became the first widely successful version of Windows and a powerful rival to Apple Macintosh and the Commodore Amiga on the GUI front. It was succeeded by Windows 3.1.

13. WINDOWS 3.1X is a line of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers. The line began with Windows 3.1, which was released in March 1992 as a successor to Windows 3.0. Further editions were released between 1992 and 1994 until the line was superseded by Windows 95.

14. WINDOWS 3.2 was first released in Simplified ChineseMicrosoft released a Simplified Chinese version of Windows for the Chinese market. The updated system identified itself as Windows 3.2. The update was limited to this language version, as it fixed only issues related to the complex writing system of the Chinese language. [3] Windows 3.2 was generally sold by computer manufacturers with a ten disk version of MS-DOS that also had Simplified Chinese characters in basic output and some translated utilities.

15. WINDOWS 95 is a consumer-oriented graphical user interface-based operating system. It was released on August 24 1995 by Microsoft, and was a significant progression from the company's previous Windows products. During development it was referred to as Windows 4.0 or by the internal codename Chicago.

16. WINDOWS 98 (codenamed Memphis) is a graphical operating system released on 25 June 1998 by Microsoft and the successor to Windows 95. Like its predecessor, it is a hybrid 16-bit/32-bit monolithic product based on MS-DOS. Windows 98 was succeeded by Windows Me on 14 September 2000.

17. WINDOWS MILLENNIUM EDITION, OR WINDOWS ME (IPA pronunciation:, is a hybrid 16-bit/32-bit graphical operating system released on 14 September 2000 by Microsoft. It was originally codenamed Millennium.Shortly after Windows Me was released, Microsoft launched a campaign-initiative to promote Windows Me in the United States, which they dubbed the Meet Me Tour.

18. OS/2 is a computer operating system, initially created by Microsoft and IBM, then later developed by IBM exclusively. The name stands for \"Operating System/2,\" because it was introduced as part of the same generation change release as IBM's \"Personal System/2 (PS/2)\" line of second-generation personal computers

19. WINDOWS NT 3.1 is the first release of Microsoft's Windows NT line of server and business desktop operating systems, and was released to manufacturing on 27 July 1993. The version number was chosen to match the one of Windows 3.1, the then- latest operating environment from Microsoft, on account of the similar visual appearance of the user interface.

20. WINDOWS NT 3.5 is the second release of the Microsoft Windows NT operating system. It was released on September 21, 1994.One of the primary goals during Windows NT 3.5's development was to increase the speed of the operating system; as a result, the project was given the codename \"Daytona\" in reference to the Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida.

21. WINDOWS NT 3.51 is the third release of Microsoft's Windows NT line of operating systems. It was released on May 30, 1995, nine months after Windows NT 3.5.

22. WINDOWS NT 4.0 is a preemptive, graphical and business-oriented operating system designed to work with either uniprocessor or symmetric multi-processor computers. It is a release of Microsoft's Windows NT line of operating systems and was released to manufacturing on 29 July 1996. It is a 32-bit Windows system available in both workstation and server editions with a graphical environment similar to that of Windows 95. The \"NT\" designation in the product's title initially stood for \"New Technology\" according to Microsoft's then-CEO Bill Gates, but now no longer has any specific meaning.

23. WINDOWS 2000 is a line of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on business desktops, notebook computers, and servers. Released on 17 February, 2000, it was the successor to Windows NT 4.0, and is the final release of Microsoft Windows to display the \"Windows NT\" designation. It was succeeded by Windows XP for desktop systems in October 2001 and Windows Server 2003 for servers in April 2003.

24. WINDOWS XP is a line of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, and media centers. The name \"XP\" is short for \"experience\"

25. WINDOWS SERVER 2003 (also referred to as Win2K3) is a server operating system produced by Microsoft. Introduced on 24 April 2003 as the successor to Windows 2000 Server, it is considered by Microsoft to be the cornerstone of its Windows Server System line of business server products

26. WINDOWS FUNDAMENTALS FOR LEGACY PCS (\"WinFLP\") is a thin client operating system from Microsoft, based on Windows XP Embedded, but optimized for older, less powerful hardware. It was released on 8 July 2006. Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs is not a full-fledged general purpose operating system. It includes only certain functionality for local workloads such as security, management, document viewing related tasks and the .NET Framework. It is designed to work as a client-server solution with RDP clients or other third party clients such as Citrix ICA.

27. WINDOWS VISTA is an operating system developed by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, Tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Windows Vista was known by its codename \"Longhorn\".[4] Development was completed on November 8, 2006; over the following three months it was released in stages to computer hardware and software manufacturers, business customers, and retail channels.

28. WINDOWS HOME SERVER, code-named Quattro, is a home server operating system from Microsoft. Announced on 7 January 2007, at the Consumer Electronics Show by Bill Gates, Windows Home Server is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access. It is based on Windows Server 2003 [3][4] Service Pack 2

29. WINDOWS SERVER 2008 is the most recent release of Microsoft Windows' server line of operating systems. Released to manufacturing on 4 February 2008 and officially released on 27 February 2008, it is the successor to Windows Server 2003, released nearly five years earlier. Originally known as Windows Server Codename \"Longhorn\", Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced its official title (Windows Server 2008) during his keynote address at WinHEC 16 May 2007.

30. WINDOWS 7 (formerly codenamed Blackcomb and Vienna) is the next release of Microsoft Windows, an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, Tablet PCs, notebooks and media center PCs.

31. WINDOWS PREINSTALLATION ENVIRONMENT (WinPE) is a lightweight version of Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 or Windows Vista that is used for the deployment of workstations and servers. It is intended as a 32-bit or 64-bit replacement

for MS-DOS during the installation phase of Windows, and can be booted via PXE, CD-ROM, USB flash drive or hard disk.

32. SINGULARITY is an experimental operating system being built by Microsoft Research since 2003. It is intended as a highly-dependable OS in which the kernel, device drivers, and applications are all written in managed code.

33. MIDORI is the code name for a managed code operating system being developed by Microsoft Research. It has been reported to be a possible commercial implementation of the Singularity operating system, a research project started in 2003 to build a highly-dependable operating system in which the kernel, device drivers, and applications are all written in managed code. It was designed for concurrency, and can run applications in multiple places.[3] It also features an entirely new security model that sandboxes applications for increased security.

34. NOVELL Inc. (NASDAQ: NOVL) is a global software corporation based in the United States specializing in enterprise operating systems such as SUSE Linux Enterprise and Novell NetWare; identity, security and systems management solutions; and collaboration solutions. Together with WordPerfect, Novell was instrumental in making the Utah Valley a focus for high-technology software development. Today this area has many small companies whose employees have previously worked at Novell. The name for the company Novell was suggested by George Canova’s wife who mistakenly thought that “Novell” meant “new” in French. (In fact, the feminine singular of “new” in French is “nouvelle”.

35. NETWARE The first commercial release of NetWare was version 1.5.In January 1983, the company’s name was shortened to Novell Inc., and Raymond Noorda became the head of the firm. Also in 1983, the company introduced its most significant product, the multi-platform network operating system (NOS), Novell NetWare. Novell based its network protocol on Xerox network services (XNS), and created its own standards from IDP and SPP, which it named Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) and Sequenced packet exchange (SPX).

36. SUSE Linux is a major operating system. The developer rights are owned by Novell, Inc. SUSE is also a founding member of the Desktop Linux Consortium. There are two (2) major distributions of SUSE Linux currently active: *SUSE Linux Enterprise *open suse

37. NEXT PRESENTEE 38. RCA Corporation, founded as Radio Corporation of America, was an electronics

company in existence from 1919 to 1986. Today, the RCA trademark is owned by the French conglomerate Thomson SA through RCA Trademark Management S.A., a company owned by Thomson. The trademark is used by two companies, namely Sony Music Entertainment and Thomson SA, which licenses the name to other companies like Audio ox and TCL Corporation for products descended from that common ancestor.

39. Original RCA logo, revived by BMG for sound recordings after it bought GE's interest in the record company. Unlike this picture, it was colored red. It was affectionately known as \"the Meatball\" to RCA insiders.

40. TSOS -stands for Time Sharing Operating System; it was an operating system for RCA (Radio Corporation of America) mainframes of the RCA Spectra 70 series. RCA was in the computer business until 1971. Then it was sold to Sperry Corporation; Sperry offered TSOS renaming it to VS/9. In the mid seventies, an enhanced version of TSOS was offered by the German company Siemens and was called BS2000 here. While Sperry (respectively Univac after the company was renamed) discontinued VS/9 in the early 80's, BS2000, now called BS2000/OSD is still offered by Fujitsu Siemens Computers and used on their mainframe customers primarily in Europe. TSOS was the first operating system that supported virtual addressing of the main storage. Beyond that it provided a unique user interface for both, time sharing and batch which was a big advantage over IBM's OS/360 or their successors MVS, OS/390 and z/OS as it simplified the operation.

41. Xenix, Unix System III based distribution for the Intel 8086/8088 architecture Xenix 286, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80286 architecture Xenix 386, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80386 architecture SCO Unix, SCO UNIX System V/386 was the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the UNIX System trademark (1989). Derived from AT&T System V Release 3.2 with an infusion of Xenix device drivers and utilities plus most of the SVR4 features

42. SCO Open Desktop, the first 32-bit graphical user interface for UNIX Systems running on Intel processor-based computers. Based on SCO Unix SCO Open Server 5, AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 based UnixWare 2.x, based on AT&T System V Release 4.2MP UnixWare 7, UnixWare 2 kernel plus parts of 3.2v5 (UnixWare 2 + Open Server 5 = UnixWare 7). Referred to by SCO as SVR5 SCO Open Server 6, SVR5 (UnixWare 7) based kernel with SCO Open Server 5 application and binary compatibility, system administration, and user environments

43. SCO Open Server, previously SCO UNIX and SCO Open Desktop (SCO ODT), is a closed source version of the Unix computer operating system developed by Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) and now maintained by the SCO Group. Xenix is a version of the Unix operating system, licensed by Microsoft from AT&T in the late 1970s. The Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) later acquired exclusive rights to the software, and eventually began distributing it as SCO UNIX

44. Xenix was Microsoft's version of Unix intended for use on microcomputers; since Microsoft was not able to license the \"UNIX\" name itself, they gave it an original name. The -ix ending follows a convention used by many other Unix-like operating systems. Microsoft purchased a license for Version 7 Unix from AT&T in 1979, and announced on August 25, 1980 that it would make it available for the 16-bit microcomputer market. The initial port of Xenix to the Intel 8086/8088 architecture was performed by The Santa Cruz Operation.[1][2][3][4][5] Xenix varied from its 7th Edition origins by incorporating elements from BSD, and soon possessed the most widely installed base of any Unix flavour due to the popularity of the inexpensive x86 processor.

45. Microsoft did not sell Xenix directly to end users; instead, they licensed it to software OEMs such as Intel, Tandy, Altos and SCO, who then ported it to their own proprietary computer architectures. Microsoft Xenix originally ran on the PDP-11; the first port was for the Zilog Z8001 16-bit processor. Altos shipped a version for their Intel 8086 based computers early in 1982, Tandy Corporation shipped TRS-XENIX for their 68000-based systems in January 1983, and SCO released their port to the IBM PC in September 1983. A port to the 68000-based Apple Lisa also existed. At the time, Xenix was based on AT&T's UNIX System III. Version 2.0 of Xenix was released in 1985 and was based on UNIX System V. An update numbered 2.1.1 added support for the Intel 80286 processor. Subsequent releases improved System V compatibility. In 1986, SCO ported Xenix to the 386 processor, a 32-bit chip. Xenix 2.3.1 introduced support for i386, SCSI and

46. SCO UNIX/SCO Open Desktop SCO UNIX was the successor to SCO Xenix, derived from AT&T System V Release 3.2 with an infusion of Xenix device drivers and utilities. SCO UNIX System V/ 386 Release 3.2.0 was released in 1989 as the commercial successor to SCO Xenix. The base operating system did not include TCP/IP networking or X Window System graphics. Shortly after the release of this bare OS, SCO shipped an integrated product under the name of SCO Open Desktop, or ODT. 1994 saw the release of SCO MPX, an add-on SMP package. At the same time, AT&T completed its merge of Xenix, BSD, SunOS and System V features into System V Release 4. SCO UNIX remained based on System V Release 3, but eventually added home-grown versions of most of the features of Release 4.  

47. SCO Open Server 5, an AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 based operating system, was initially released by The Santa Cruz Operation in 1992. Based on SCO UNIX 3.2v4, SCO Open Server 5 would become SCO's primary product and serve as the basis for products like Pizza Net (the first Internet based food delivery system done in partnership with Pizza Hut) and Global Access (the first commercially licensed and bundled Internet Operating System). Due to its large installed base, SCO Open Server 5 continues to be actively maintained by SCO with major updates having occurred as recently as March 2008.[1]

48. SCO Open Server 6, an AT&T UNIX System V Release 4.2MP based operating system, was initially released by The SCO Group in 2005. It includes support for large files, increased memory, and multi-threaded kernel (light- weight processes) and is referred to as SVR5. SCO Open Server 6 contains the UnixWare 7 SVR5 kernel integrated with SCO Open Server 5 application and binary compatibility, Open Server 5 system administration, and Open Server 5 user environments.

49. SCO OpenServer has primarily been sold into the Small and Medium Business market (SMB). It is widely used in small offices, point of sale ( POS) systems, replicated sites,

and back office database server deployments. Prominent SCO Open Server customers include McDonalds, Taco Bell, Big O Tires, Pizza Hut, Costco pharmacy, NASDAQ, The Toronto Stock Exchange, BaNco do Brazil, many banks in Russia and China, and the railway system of India.

50. SCO Skunk ware / Open Source All versions of SCO Open Server have included significant open source components including BIND/ X11/Sendmail/DHCP/Perl/Tcl and others. Later releases are bundled with numerous additional open-source applications including Apache, Samba, MySQL, PostgreSQL, OpenSSH, Mozilla, KDE, a wide variety of graphics web and X11 libraries (gwxlibs package), and most recently Open Office for Open Server 6.[2] All versions of SCO operating system distributions including SCO Open Server also have an extensive set of open source packages available for free download via the SCO Skunk ware site.[3][4]

51. SCO Skunk ware / Open Source All versions of SCO Open Server have included significant open source components including BIND/X11 /Sendmail/DHCP/Perl/Tcl and others. Later releases are bundled with numerous additional open-source applications including Apache, Samba, MySQL, PostgreSQL, OpenSSH, Mozilla, KDE, a wide variety of graphics web and X11 libraries (gwxlibs package), and most recently Open Office for Open Server 6.[2] All versions of SCO operating system distributions including SCO Open Server also have an extensive set of open source packages available for free download via the SCO Skunk ware site.[3][4]

52. UnixWare merger SCO purchased the right to distribute UnixWare system and its System V Release 4 code base from Novell in 1995. Novell retained copyrights and patents to Unix, whereas SCO maintains ownership of derivative works of Unix since the purchase. SCO was eventually able to re- use some code from that version of UnixWare in later releases of Open Server. Until Release 6, this came primarily in the compilation system and the UDI driver framework and the USB subsystem written to it.

53. By the end of the 1990s, there were around 15,000 value-added resellers (VARs) around the world who provided solutions for customers of SCO's UNIX systems. SCO announced on August 2, 2000 that it would sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as UnixWare and Open Server technologies, to Caldera Systems, Inc. The purchase was completed in May 2001. The remaining part of the SCO company, the Tarantella Division, changed its name to Tarantella, Inc., while Caldera became Caldera International, and subsequently in 2002 the SCO Group.

54. •The SCO Group continued the development and maintenance of Open Server. They currently continue to maintain the now obsolete 5.0.x branch derived from 3.2v5.0.x; the most recent of these is 5.0.7. •On June 22, 2005, Open Server 6.0 was released, codenamed \"Legend\", the first release in the new 6.0.x branch. SCO Open Server 6 is based upon the System V Release 5 UNIX kernel and features multi-threading application support for C, C++, and Java applications through the POSIX interface. Open Server 6 features kernel-level threading (not found in 5.0.x). •Some improvements over Open Server 5 include improved SMP support (support for up to 32 processors), support for files over 1 terabyte on a partition (larger network files supported through NFSv3), better file system performance, and support for up to 64GB of memory. •Open Server 6.0 maintains backward-compatibility for applications developed for Xenix 286 onwards.

55. •Some improvements over Open Server 5 include improved SMP support (support for up to 32 processors), support for files over 1 terabyte on a partition (larger network files supported through NFSv3), better file system performance, and support for up to 64GB of memory. •Open Server 6.0 maintains backward-compatibility for applications developed for Xenix 286 onwards. SCO Open Server SCO Open Server 5, an AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 based operating system, was initially released by The Santa Cruz Operation in 1992.

56. Unicoi Systems, Inc., a leading provider of software solutions to the embedded device market, announced the availability of its Fusion RTOS for new Blackfin® Processors from Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI). The release of the Fusion RTOS for these additional ADI processors provides embedded developers with a high- performance solution designed specifically for networking and multimedia applications, license-free.

57. Fusion RTOS The Fusion RTOS is a priority based, preemptive, multitasking real-time operating system designed and optimized for next generation DSP architectures

58. The Fusion RTOS kernel is extremely fast and is capable of a higher level of performance than any microcontroller based OS can deliver. Minimum context switch times can be as fast as 190 Cycles (4.75 usec @ 40 MIPs)*. View the Perfomance Comparison. Supported DSP Families: •Motorola DSP 56800 •Motorola DSP 56800E •Motorola StarCore •Analog Devices Blackfin •DSPOS was the original project which would become the royalty free Fusion RTOS

59. Wind River Systems, Inc. is a publicly owned company providing embedded systems, development tools for embedded systems, middleware, and other types of software. The company was founded in Berkeley, California in 1981 by Jerry Fiddler and David Wilner.

60. •VxWorks is a real-time operating system made and sold by Wind River Systems of Alameda, California, USA. •VxWorks is designed for use in embedded systems. Unlike \"native\" systems such as Unix, VxWorks development is done on a \"host\" machine running Unix or Windows, cross-compiling target software to run

61. Notable products using VxWorks The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter uses VxWorks •The Honda Robot ASIMO •The Airbus A400M Airlifter (in development) •The Boeing 787 airliner (in development) •The Boeing 747-8 airliner (in development)

62. •POS (PERQ Operating System) The initial single-task operating system for PERQ workstations, developed by 3RCC. POS and its utilities were written in PERQ Pascal. MPOS (Multitasking POS)

63. Pilot was a single-user, multitasking operating system designed by Xerox PARC in early 1977. Pilot was written in the Mesa programming language, totaling about 24,000 lines of code.[1]

64. The Lisp Machine operating system was written in Lisp Machine Lisp. The Lisp Machine was a single user workstation initially targeted at software developers for artificial intelligence projects. The Lisp Machine had a large bitmap screen, a mouse, a keyboard, a network interface, a disk drive and slots for expansion. The operating system was supporting this hardware

65. The Lisp Machine Operating system provided (among others): •code for a Frontend Processor •a way to boot the operating system •virtual memory management garbage collection •drivers for the hardware (mouse, keyboard, screen, disk,) •an interpreter and a native code compiler for Lisp Machine Lisp •an object system (Flavors) •a window system and a window manager •a local file system •support for the CHAOS network •an Emacs-like Editor •a mail program •a Lisp listener •a debugger

66. EOS (Operating System) developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers •EOS was preceded by and was binary executable compatible with the CDC VSOS operating system for Cyber 205. Like VSOS, EOS had demand paged virtual memory (the VS part) with 2 pages sizes for improved virtual memory performance with the ETA's faster hardware pipelines

67. EMBOS, developed by Elxsi for use on their mini-supercomputers •EMBOSS is an acronym for European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite. •EMBOSS is a free Open Source software analysis package specially developed for the needs of the molecular biology and bioinformatics user community.

68. GCOS (General Comprehensive Operating System) is a family of operating systems oriented toward mainframe computers. The original version of GCOS was developed by General Electric from 1962; originally called GECOS (the General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor). The operating system is still used today in its most recent version (GCOS 8) on servers and mainframes produced by Groupe Bull, primarily through emulation, to provide continuity with legacy mainframe environments.

69. PC-MOS/386 – DOS-like, but multiuser/ multitasking 70. SINTRAN III was a real-time, multitasking, multi-user operating system used with Norsk

Data computers from 1974. Unlike its predecessors SINTRAN I and II, it was entirely written by Norsk Data. Sintran III was written in NORD PL, intermediate language for Norsk Data computers.

71. THEOS, which transcribes to \"God\" in Greek, is an operating system which started out as OASIS, a microcomputer operating system for small computers that use the Z80 processor. Originally written in the late 1970s by Timothy S. Williams as a low-cost alternative to the more expensive mini- and mainframe- computers that were popular in the day, OASIS provided time-sharing multiuser facilities to allow several users to utilize

the resources of one computer. Remember that in the 1970s even very basic computers cost many thousands of dollars. THEOS is specifically aimed at small business users.

72. TinyOS is a free and open source component-based operating system and platform targeting wireless sensor networks (WSNs). TinyOS is an embedded operating system written in the nesC programming language as a set of cooperating tasks and processes. It is intended to be incorporated into smartdust. TinyOS started as a collaboration between the University of California, Berkeley in co- operation with Intel Research, and has since grown to a be an international consortium, the

73. TRS-DOS (which stood for the Tandy Radio Shack - Disk Operating System) was the operating system for the Tandy TRS-80 line of 8-bit Z-80 micro- computers that were sold through Radio Shack through the late 1970s and early 1980s.

74. TX990/TXDS, DX10 and DNOS - proprietary operating systems for TI-990 minicomputers DX10 was a general purpose, disk based, multitasking operating system for the Texas Instruments 990/10, 990/10A and 990/12 minicomputers using the memory mapping feature

75. MAI Basic Four - An OS implementing Business Basic from MAI Systems. MAI Basic Four (sometimes written as BasicFour or Basic 4) refers to a variety of Business Basic, the computers that ran it, and the company that sold them (its name given variously as MAI Basic Four Inc., MAI Basic Four Information Systems, and MAI Systems Corporation).

76. Michigan Terminal System - Developed by a group of American Michigan Terminal System (MTS) is an operating system for the IBM System/360 and its successors that was developed jointly by the following institutions: •University of Michigan •Wayne State University •Simon Fraser University •University of Alberta •University of British Columbia •Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute •Durham University •University of Newcastle upon Tyne

77. OTHER PROPRIETARY UNIX- LIKE AND POSIX- COMPLIANT 78. ●AEGIS (Apollo Computer) Apollo Computer, Inc., founded 1980 in Chelmsford,

Massachusetts by William Poduska (a founder of Prime Computer), developed and produced Apollo/Domain workstations in the 1980s. Along with Symbolics and Sun Microsystems, Apollo was one of the first vendors of graphical workstations in the 1980s. In 1981, the company unveiled the DN100 workstation, which used the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. Apollo workstations ran Aegis (later renamed Domain/OS), a proprietary operating system with a POSIX-compliant UNIX alternative frontend. From 1980 to 1987, Apollo was the largest manufacturer of network workstations. At the end of 1987, it was third in market share after Digital Equipment Corporation and Sun Microsystems, but ahead of Hewlett-Packard and IBM. Apollo's largest customers were Mentor Graphics (electronic design), General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, Chicago Research and Trading (Options and Futures) and Boeing (mechanical design).

79. ●AMIGA UNIX (Amiga ports of Unix System v release 3.2 with amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX in 1989, last version was in 1992) - is a commodore’s port of AT&T System V Release 4 to the Amiga with Motorola 68020 and 68030 processors having FPU and MMU. The two “official” machines which could run Amiga UNIX are the Amiga 2500UX and 8000UX, however it can run on any amiga that meets its requirements. ●The system must have a full 68020/68030 with FPU and MMU ● At least 4MB of Fast RAM ●SCSI hard drive attached to a supported controller

80. -This basically includes the Amiga 2000, 2500, 3000D and 3000T with the appropriate CPU and SCSI controllers. Although the A3000UX has Zorro III capable slots, the only cards ever supported by AMIX are Zorro II. - In 1990, did a full port of AT&T Unix System V Release 4 for the Amiga computer family (in addition to the proprietary AmigaOS shipping with these systems by default), informally known as Amix. Bundled with the Amiga 3000UX, Commodore's Unix was one of the first ports of SVR4 to the 68k architecture. The Amiga A3000UX model even got the attention of Sun Microsystems, though ultimately nothing came of it

81. ●CLIX (Intergraph’s System V Implementation) CLIX (Clipper UNIX) -was Intergraph's commercial offering in the UNIX space back in the late 80's and early 90's. It was the Operating Environment used on their CLIPPER based line of workstations and servers. CLIX was delivered as part of the Intergraph System Software (ISS) Baseline and was

based on AT&T's UNIX System V Operating System. This was my first taste of a true UNIX O/S and where I first started to learn how to write scripts with the Korn Shell (ksh). The only prior exposure I had to UNIX was with Domain/OS, but it's UNIX environments existed on top of an Operating System I already knew, they just offered an alternative. CLIX was where I really started to develop my love for UNIX based systems.

82. As with most UNIX variants CLIX had a menu based shell for performing most System Administration tasks. In this case it was known as Distributed System Management (DSM) and was based on Intergraph's Forms and Menu- Language Interface (FMLI). DSM provided a set of utilities that could be used to manage several networked servers from a single server.

83. ● COHERENT (Unix-like OS from Mar k Williams Co. for PC class computer s ) - The coherent operating system was a Unix - Version 7 clone by the now- defunct Mark Williams Company, originally produced for the PDP-11 in 1980. A port was introduced in 1983 as the first Unix-like system for IBM compatible computers. - Coherent was able to run on most Intel-based - PCs with Intel 8088, 286, and 486 processors and, like a true Unix, was able to multitask and support users. Coherent also had support for X11 and MGR windowing system.

84. Later versions of Coherent (version 4 and higher) supported features common in modern Unix-like systems, including virtual memory with demand paging, a version of MicroEMACS, access to DOS FAT16 File systems, an optimizing C compiler with linker, and a modified version of Taylor UUCP. The final releases of Coherent also fully supported the iBCS COFF binary standard, which allowed binary compatibily with SCO Unix applications, including WordPerfect, Lotus 1-2-3, and several Microsoft applications including QuickBASIC, Microsoft Word, and MultiPlan. Coherent predates both MINIX and Linux by many years.

85. ●DC/OSx (DataCenter/OSx was an operating system for MIPS based system developed by Pyramid Technology) -was an operating system for MIPS based systems developed by Pyramid Technology. It ran on its Nile series of SMP machines and was a port of AT&T System V Release 4 (SVR4). DC/OSx was the first SMP implementation on Unix System V Release 4. It was later superseded by SINIX, a version of the Unix operating system from Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme. -Pyramid Technology was a computer company that produced a number of RISC-based minicomputers at the upper end of the performance range. They also became the second company to ship a multiprocessor Unix system (branded OS/x),

86. -in 1985, which formed the basis of their product line into the early 1990s. Pyramid's OS/x was a dual-universe Unix which supported programs and system calls from both 4.xBSD and AT&T's System V Unix. -In 1995 Pyramid was bought by Siemens AG and merged into their Siemens Computer Systems US unit. In 1998 this unit was split, with the services side of the operation becoming Wincor Nixdorf. In 1999 Siemens and Fujitsu merged their computer operations to form Fujitsu Siemens Computers, and finally Amdahl was added to the mix in 2000.

87. ● DG/UX (Data general Cor p) was a Unix operating system developed by Data General for its Eclipse MV minicomputer line, and later the AViiON workstation and server line (both Motorola 88000 and Intel IA-32-based variants). DG/UX 1.00, released in March, 1985, was based on UNIX System V Release 2 with additions from 4.1BSD. By 1987, DG/UX 3.10 had been released, with 4.2BSD TCP/IP networking, NFS and the X Window System included. DG/UX 4.00, in 1988, was a comprehensive re- design of the system. Later versions were based on System V Release 4 DG/UX 1.00, released in March, 1985, was based on UNIX System V Release 2 with additions from 4.1BSD. By 1987, DG/UX 3.10 had been released, with 4.2BSD TCP/IP networking, NFS and the X Window System included. DG/UX 4.00, in 1988, was a comprehensive re-design of the system. Later versions were based on System V Release 4.

88. ● DNIX from DIAB - was a Unix-like real-time operating system from the Swedish company Dataindustrier AB (DIAB). A version called ABCenix was also developed for the ABC1600 computer from Luxor. (Daisy Systems also had something called Daisy DNIX on some of their CAD ISC Systems Corporation (ISC) purchased the right to use DNIX in the late 1980s for use in its line of Motorola 68k- based banking computers. (ISC was later bought by Olivetti, and was in turn resold to Wang, which was then bought by Getronics.

89. This code branch was the SVR2 compatible version, and received extensive modification and development at their hands. Notable features of this operating system were its support of demand paging, diskless workstations, multiprocessing, asynchronous I/O, the ability to mount processes (handlers) on directories in the file system, and message passing.

90. ● DSPano RTOS (POSIX nanoker nel, ) DSP optimized, Open Source DSPnano is an open source RTOS and Eclipse based tool set designed to increase small embedded signal processing system development productivity and reliability. It supports the full Microchip family including Microchip's PIC24 16 bit MCUs through the dsPIC 30 30 MIPS DSCs to the dsPIC 33 40 MIPS DSCs. DSPnano V2 is hosted on Windows XP and Vista, for x86 platforms. Support for the entire dsPIC DSC product line and the PIC24 MCU line is available. DSPnano V2 will begin shipping in Q3, 2007. It is priced from $499 US for a single user. Open source royalty free licenses start at $3999 US.

91. ●Idris wor kalike from W hitesmiths is a multi-tasking, Unix-like, multi-user, real-time operating system released by Whitesmiths, of Westford, Massachusetts. The product was commercially available from 1979 through 1988. Idris was originally written for the PDP-11 by P. J. Plauger, who started working on Idris in August 1978. It was binary compatible with Unix V6 on PDP-11, but it could run on non-memory managed systems (like LSI-11 or PDP-11/23) as well. The kernel required 31 Kb of RAM, and the C compiler (provided along with the standard V6 toolset) had more or less the same size. A specific version of Idris (CoIdris) was packaged as a .com file under MS-DOS and used it for low level I/O services. Idris was ported to the Apple Macintosh (as MacIdris) by John O'Brien (of Whitesmiths Australia) and remained available until the early 1990s.

92. Although Idris was initially available for the PDP-11, it later ported to run on a number of platforms, such as the VAX, Motorola 68000, System/370 and Intel 8086. In 1986, David M. Stanhope and Skip Tavakkolian at Computer Tools International ported Idris to the Atari ST and developed its ROM boot cartridge. This work also included a port of the X Window to Idris. Computer Tools and Whitesmiths offered it to Atari as a replacement for Atari TOS, but eventually marketed it directly to ST enthusiasts. MacIdris ran as an application under the Finder or Multifinder[1] After Whitesmiths had been merged with Intermetrics, Idris — along with its development toolchain — was ported to the . INMOS T800 transputer architecture

93. ●INTERACTIVE UNIX (a por t of the Unix System V operating system for Intel x86 by INTERACTIVE System CORPORATION ) is a port of the UNIX System V operating system for Intel x86 processors. The system was first released by INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation (ISC) as 386/ix in 1985. At that time it was based on System V.3.0. Later versions were based on System V.3.2. Sun Microsystems acquired ISC in 1992 from its parent Eastman Kodak; the last version was \"System V/386 Release 3.2 Version 4.1.1\" released in July 1998. Official support ended in July 2006, 5 years after Sun withdrew the product from sale. Until version ISA 3.0.1, INTERACTIVE UNIX supported only 16 MB of RAM. In the next versions, it supported 256MB RAM and PCI bus. EISA versions always support 256MB RAM.

94. ●IRIX from SGI is a computer operating system developed by Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) to run natively on their 32- and 64-bit MIPS architecture workstations and servers. Based on UNIX System V with BSD extensions, it is capable of extremely long uptimes, and its XFS file system is regarded as one of the most advanced journaling file systems in the industry. The IRIX name was first used around the time of release 3.0 of the operating system for SGI's IRIS 4D series of workstations and servers, in 1988. Previous releases were identified only by the release number prefixed by \"4D1-\", eg. \"4D1-2.2\". The 4D1- prefix continued to be used in official documentation to prefix IRIX release numbers.

95. - IRIX 3.x was based on UNIX System V Release 3 with 4.3BSD enhancements, and incorporated the 4Sight windowing system, based on NeWS and IRIS GL. SGI's own Extent File System (EFS) replaced the System V filesystem. - IRIX 4.0, released in 1991, replaced 4Sight with the X Window System (X11R4), the 4Dwm window manager providing a similar look and feel to 4Sight. - IRIX 5.0, released in 1993, incorporated certain features of UNIX System V Release 4, including ELF-format executables. -IRIX 5.3 introduced the XFS journaling file system.

96. ●MeikOS MeikOS (also written as Meikos or MEiKOS) was a Unix-like transputer operating system developed for the Computing Surface during the late 1980s. MeikOS was derived from an early version of MINIX, extensively modified for the Computing Surface architecture. Unlike HeliOS, another Unix-like transputer operating system, MeikOS was essentially a single- processor operating system with a distributed filesystem. MeikOS was used in conjunction with the M²VCS (Meiko Multiple Virtual Computing Surfaces) resource management software which partitioned the processors of a Computing Surface into domains, managed user access to these domains, and provided inter-domain communication.

97. - MeikOS had \"diskless\" and \"fileserver\" variants, the former running on the seat processor of an M²VCS domain, providing a command line user interface for a particular user; the latter running on processors with attached SCSI hard disks, providing a remote file service (called SFS, Surface File System) to instances of diskless MeikOS. The two communicated via M²VCS. - MeikOS was made obsolete by the introduction of the In-Sun Computing Surface and the Meiko MK083 SPARC processor board, which allowed SunOS and SVCS (Sun Virtual Computing Surfaces, later developed as VCS) to take over the roles of MeikOS and M²VCS respectively. The last MeikOS release was MeikOS 3.06, in early 1991.

98. ●NeXTSTEP (develoed by: NEXT, a Unix based OS based on the Mach microker nel) was the original object-oriented, multitasking operating system that NeXT Computer developed to run on its range of proprietary computers, such as the NeXTcube. Nextstep 1.0 was released on September 18, 1989 after several previews starting in 1986. The last version, 3.3, was released in early 1995, by which time it ran not only on Motorola 68000 family processors, but also IBM PC compatible x86, Sun SPARC, and HP PA-RISC. Apple Inc.'s Mac OS X is a direct descendant of Nextstep. Nextstep was a combination of several parts: a Unix operating system based on the Mach kernel, plus source code from BSD Unix Display PostScript and a windowing engine the Objective-C language and runtime an object-oriented (OO) application layer, including several \"kits\" development tools for the OO layers

99. ●OS-9 Unix- like RTOS (OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based ) microcomputer s is a family of real-time, process-based, multitasking, multi-user, Unix-like operating systems, developed in the 1980s, originally by Microware Systems Corporation for the Motorola 6809 microprocessor. It is currently owned by RadiSys Corporation. The OS-9 family was popular for general-purpose computing and remains in use in commercial embedded systems and amongst hobbyists. Today, OS-9 is a product name used by both a Motorola 68000-series machine language OS and a portable (PowerPC, x86, etc.) version written in C, originally known as OS 9000.

100. The first version (\"OS-9 Level One\") , which dates back to 1979–80, was written in assembly language for the Motorola 6809 CPU, and provided a single 64 KB address space in which all processes ran. It was developed as a supporting operating system for the BASIC09 project, contracted for by Motorola as part of the 6809 development. A later 6809 version (\"Level Two\") takes advantage of memory mapping hardware, supported up to 2 MB of memory (ca 1980) in most implementations, and included a GUI on some . platforms

101. ● OS9/68K Unix- like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 680x0 base ) microcomputers; based on OS-9 Versions of OS-9/68K run on a wide variety of 68000 family platforms, including the Sharp X68000 in Japan, some personal computers intended by their designers as upgrades from the Color Computer (e.g., the 68070 and 68340-based MM/1, and on other computers from Frank Hogg Laboratories, PEP, and Delmar Co.) It was also ported to the Atari ST by Recc-o-ware in the early 1990s, and was distributed by Cumana in Europe. A port to the Amiga is also purported to exist. OS-9/68K is also found in some embedded applications, including the Quanta Delta television broadcast character generator, still in production by ScanLine Technologies in Utah. While the user-level interface code on this system started at boot time, there was a hidden, undocumented keyboard sequence that would provide a user with a root shell prompt in a scroll window on the device's edit- channel monitor.

102. In 1983, OS-9/6809 was ported to Motorola 68000 assembly language and extended (called OS-9/68K); and a still later (1989) version was rewritten mostly in C for further portability. The portable version was initially called OS-9000 and was released

for 80386 PC systems around 1989, then ported to PowerPC around 1995. These later versions lack the memory mapping facilities of OS-9/6809 Level Two simply because they do not need them. They used a single flat address space that all processes share; memory mapping hardware, if present, is mostly used to ensure that processes access only that memory they have the right to access. The 680x0 and 80386 (and later) MPUs all directly support far more than 1MB of memory in any case.

103. OS-9 (especially the 68K version and thereafter) clearly distinguishes itself from the prior generation of embedded operating systems in many aspects. Runs on 32-bit CPUs. Clear separation between user mode and supervisor (kernel) mode. Dynamic use of individually and separately built software components (executable program images and kernel modules) rather than a statically linked single monolithic image. Unix-like process name-space model (not memory model) and user shell program. Clear separation between hardware independent (e.g. file managers) and hardware dependent (e.g. device drivers) layers.

104. OSF/1 -In 1988, during the so-called \"Unix wars\", DEC joined with IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and others to form the Open Software Foundation (OSF) to develop a version of Unix. Dubbed OSF/1, the aim was to compete with System V Release 4 from AT&T and Sun Microsystems, and it has been argued that a primary goal was for the operating system to be free of AT&T intellectual property.[1] The fact that OSF/1 was one of the first operating systems to use the Mach kernel is cited as support of this assertion.

105. OSF/1 AD -OSF/1 AD (Advanced Development) was a distributed version of OSF/1 developed for massively parallel supercomputers by Locus Computing Corporation. Variants of OSF/1 AD were used on several such systems, including the Intel Paragon XP/S and ASCI Red, Convex Exemplar SPP-1200 (as SPP-UX) and the Hitachi SR2201 (as HI-UX MPP).

106. OpenStep OpenStep is an object-oriented application programming interface (API) specification for an object-oriented operating system that uses any modern operating system as its core, principally developed by NeXT with Sun Microsystems. OPENSTEP (all capitalized) is a specific implementation of the OpenStep API, developed by NeXT.

107. QNX -is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market. On September 12, 2007, the source of the QNX kernel was released for non-commercial use.

108. Solaris -is a Unix-based operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1992 as the successor to SunOS. Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, as well for being the origin for many innovative features such as DTrace and ZFS.[1][2] Solaris supports SPARC-based and x86- based workstations and servers from Sun and other vendors, with efforts underway to port to additional platforms.

109. RMX -is a real-time operating system designed specifically for use with the Intel 8080 and Intel 8086 family of processors. It is an acronym for Real-time Multitasking eXecutive. Intel developed iRMX in the late 1970s and originally released it in 1980 to support and create demand for their processors and Multibus system platforms.

110. Rhapsody -was the code name given to Apple Computer's next-generation operating system during the period of its development between Apple's purchase of NeXT in late 1996 and the announcement of Mac OS X in 1998. It consisted primarily of the OPENSTEP operating system ported to the PowerMac along with new graphics in the GUI to make it appear more Mac-like.

111. Pardus -Linux distribution is an non secular operating system developed in Turkey, as a product of the Pardus Project. It was named after the Latin (and scientific) name for the Anatolian leopard.

112. RISC OS -is a computer operating system which was originally developed by Acorn Computers Ltd in Cambridge, England for their ARM based computers. It was first released in 1988 as RISC OS 2.00, and replaced Acorn's Arthur operating system, which was shipped with the first Archimedes computer models in 1987. The operating system takes its name from the RISC (reduced instruction set computing) architecture used on supported systems.