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TURBINE & COOLING SYSTEM.
Presented By – AVIJEET PRATAP 07ME12 IET AGRA
DEFINITION
A Turbine is a Form of Engine Requires a suitable working fluid in order to function- a source of High Grade Energy and a Sink for Low Grade energy. When a Fluid Flows through the Turbine ,Part of Energy Content is Continuously Extracted and Converted in to Useful mechanical Work.
PRICIPLE OF STEAM TURBINE
Steam turbine depends completely upon the dynamic action of the steam. According to Newton’s second law of motion, the FORCE is proportional to the rate of change of MOMENTUM (mass x velocity). If the rate of change of momentum is caused in the steam by allowing a high velocity jet of steam to pass over curved blade, the steam will impart a force to the blade. If the blade is free, it will free off (rotate) in the direction of force.
The steam from the boiler is expanded in a passage or nozzle , where due to fall in pressure of steam is converted into Kinetic energy of steam & this KE of steam is converted into work moving blade
Moving Blade
Force = mc1 - mc2
mc1
mc2
TYPES OF TURBINEOn the basis of principle of operation
Impulse turbineReaction turbineImpulse- Reaction turbineImpulse Turbine .. In impulse the drop in pressure of steam takes place only in nozzle & not in moving blades. This is obtained by making the blade passage of constant cross section area it may be noted that energy transformation takes place only in nozzles. Moving blades only cause energy transfer.
X
X
X
Reaction turbine:- Pressure drop take place in rotor (M.B.). Energy
transformation takes place in rotor. Energy transfer only in rotor.
Impulse- Reaction turbine:-In this turbine drop in pressure of steam
takes place in fixed blade as well as moving blade. It may be noted that energy transformation occur in both fixed blade & moving blade. The rotor blade cause energy transfer & energy transformation.
COMPOUNDINGCompounding of Impulse turbine :-
One row of nozzles followed by one row of blades is called a stage of turbines. Compounding is a method for reducing the rotational speed of the impulse turbine to practical limit. Boiler pressure down to condenser pressure in a single stages so high RPM & large diameter of turbine.
Three type of compounding Pressure compoundingVelocity compounding Pr & velocity compounding
BOILER
STEAM SUPPLY
CRH HRH
CONDENSER CONDENSER
~HP IP LP-A LP-BG
CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW OF TURBINE
.
COOLING SYSTEM
CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION . Circulating Water system supplies cooling water to the
turbine condenser. .
• It is used to maintain the vacuum in the condenser.
Types of Circulating water system1. Open or Once Through
It is used when there is a large source of water available.
e.g.- river , ocean.
2. Closed Cooling system
In this system, warm water from condenser is passed through a cooling device, like cooling tower.
Condenser
Filter
CW Pump
Condensate Pump
Condensate
Hot water
River
Open or Once Through
Exhaust Stem from Turbine
Make up water from river
CW Pump
Condensate Pump
Condenser
Exhaust Stem from Turbine
Cooling water
Condensate to boiler
Hot airHot water
Cooling Tower
Closed Cooling system
Cooling tower
• It cools the warm water discharged from the condenser & feed the cool water back to the condenser.
• It reduces the cooling water demand in the power plant.
Types of cooling tower
1. Natural Draught Cooling Tower
2. Mechanical Draught Cooling Tower A. Forced Draught Cooling Tower B. Induced Draught Cooling Tower
Losses in cooling tower
1. Evaporation Losses2. Drift Losses3. Blowdown Losses
May 7, 2023
LUBE OIL SYSTEM
TURBINE LUBE OIL SYSTEMTURBINE LUBE OIL SYSTEM
1.FLOW DIAGRAM OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
2.NECESSITY OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
3.COMPONENTS OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
4.FUNCTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL
COMPONENTS OIL
5.FLOW TO DIFFERENT BRANCHES
6.FIRE PROTECTIONS
• Lubrication : To supplies oil to the bearing to form a film
of oil as the shaft rotates.
• Temperature control : To maintain temperature of the
bearing.
• Sealing medium : To the prevent H2 leak out along the
Generator shaft.
• Jacking of shaft : Supply to jacking device.
May 7, 2023
COMPONENTS OF LUBE OIL SYSTEMCOMPONENTS OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
The system mainly consists of Main oil pump, BOP,
main oil tank, AC lubricant pump, DC emergency oil
pump,MSP, spill valve, oil cooler, Transfer valve, oil
smoke separator, shaft jacking up device, oil hydrogen
separator, oil level indicator as well as connecting lines,
monitoring instruments, etc.
The oil tank adopts a combination mode as various devices allocated on the tank as
• AC lube oil pump, • DC emergency oil pump, • Oil smoke separator, • Oil level indicator, • Electric heater, • Spill valve, • BOP• MSP
May 7, 2023
INTRODUCTION Hydrogen is used for the cooling of generator rotor.
Hydrogen is so much explosive when it come into contact with air . To save this hydrogen from explosion we need sealing of this hydrogen. For this purpose we generally use oil. This sealing is very much similar to sealing of the pump on its gland.
SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Providing seal oil to a sealing continuously• Prevent the escape of hydrogen gas from the
generator at the point of rotor exit . A continuous film between the rotor collar and seal liner is maintaining by means of oil at a pressure which is slightly above then hydrogen pressure.
The functions of the seal oil control system
STATOR WATER COOLING SYSTEM
FUNCTIONThe Stator Coil Cooling Water System main function is
to guarantee cooling water uninterrupted flow into stator coil. At the same time, the system also must control enter the stator coil water pressure , flow, temperature, conductivity
System consists of2 Motor driven pumps, 2 Coolers, 2 Filters and 1 mixed Bed type Ion Exchanger.
EE OF Gen.EE OF Gen. Teflon tubesTeflon tubes
Excitation EndExcitation End
Cold water enterCold water enter
Turbine endTurbine end
Hot water output to Hot water output to Expansion tankExpansion tank
ExpansionExpansion tanktank
WindingWinding TE of GenTE of Gen
GeneratorGenerator