Dorothea Orem Self care theory

Michele Gilmore

Jean Harken

Erin Ludwick

Ferris State University

Dorothea Orem:Self-care deficit theory

Dorothea Orems self-care deficit theory

theory focuses on the patients self-care capabilities and the progress of designing nursing actions to meet the patients self-care needs.

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Person

The recipient of nursing care, including patient, family and community

A unity that can function biologically, symbolically and socially

The patient will do as much for themselves as possible. The model focuses on the patients self-care capacities and the nursing actions to meet the patients self-care needs

recipient of care who has the potential for learning and development.

She goes on to elaborate that a person is

What she means by that is A person can engage in deliberate actions, interpret experiences, and perform beneficial actions.

According to Orems Self Care theory human beings are distinguished from other living beings in terms of their capacity to:

Reflect upon themselves and their environment

Symbolize what they experience

Use symbolic creations (ideas, words) in thinking, communicating, and guiding efforts to make things that are beneficial for themselves and/or for others.

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Environment

The clients surroundings which may affect ability perform self-care

The resources that the patient does or does not have at their disposal to assist in their self-care.

This can positively or negatively affect a persons ability to provide self care

The environment also includes

As we have previously learned in Nursing 324, a patients environment can positively or negatively affect a persons ability to provide self-care.

Poor environment = poor health (safety, location, etc.)

In general, if a person is in the hospital, they have the environment and resources needed to provide adequate self care. As their health progresses and improves, nurses educate the patient on how to care for themselves at home. However, if their environment is not a healthy one, their well-being may suffer.

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Health

A state of physical, mental and social well being - Orem

Orem describes health as not merely the absence of disease of infirmity

Orem later expanded her definition of health to include preventative health care

Orem believes in holistic care that both the nurse and patient plan together for the patient and is based on prevention and health maintenance

health and healthy are terms used to describe living things

It is when they are structurally and functionally whole or sound

Orem supports the World Health organizations definition of health which is the state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. Includes both physiological and psychophysiological mechanisms in relation to other human beings

Holistic health: both nurse and patient promote the individuals responsibility of self care.

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Nursing

Interventions or rendering care to support or in cooperation with the client

Goal of nursing to render the patient or members of his family capable of meeting the patients self care needs

To stabilize, control, or minimize the effects of chronic poor health or disability

After the nurses assessment of the patients ability to care for self, the nurse confirms with the patient what their needs will be and begins to formulate a plan of care

Nursing actions are aimed towards making the client independent

is art, a helping service, and a technology

Encompasses the patients perspective of health condition ,the physicians perspective , and the nursing perspective (team effort)

Main goal of nursing: to render the patient or members of his family capable of meeting the patients self care needs

To maintain a state of health

To regain normal or near normal state of health in the event of disease or injury

To stabilize ,control ,or minimize the effects of chronic poor health or disability

Nursing is helping clients to establish or identify ways to perform self-care activities

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Contemporary Healthcare Environment

One factor for holistic nursing care is focusing on assisting people in maintaining health, avoiding or minimizing disease and disability and restoring wellness.

Contemporary nursing has changed globally with the internet and social media. Patients now have the ability to gain care and knowledge to help educate and treat themselves through the internet

Regionally nursing has changed by the advancement of education and the technology that is present. Many areas have life like manikins and advanced technology that not only teach nurses how to be effective in their jobs, but are also utilized in educating patient to care for themselves

Locally nursing has become temporary with the advancement of community based nursing and structuring the nursing needs to the community that is lived and worked in

1. Theory-based practice facilitates the application of nursing practice in "one voice," guiding the nursing role within the health care setting. Using a theory-based practice keeps the nurse thinking as a nurse, directs the nursing care by the nurse, and creates a common ground of discussion for all nursing care

4. Theory-based nursing practice provides a framework for initiating the research process. Theory-based practice is timeless. However, the constant changes brought about by research can expand the theory to make it more useful in current practice.

6. The self-care agency concept described in Orems model includes considering several patient factors including: age, gender, health status, developmental stage, sociocultural orientation, health care setting, family system, support system, environment, and current living situation

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Orems self-care theory and evidence based practice

The theories that Dorothea Orem originally came up with are still used in many nursing curriculums today.

Numerous research studies have been conducted based on Orems theory and research has been performed on the concepts of the theory as well. (Bernier, 2002)

Dorothea Orem wanted to explore the nursing practice, organize knowledge of nursing and direct this knowledge where it was needed to assist a patient with their self-care deficit.

Nursing practice assists to get a person back to a state of health so that they are able to care for themselves, by using evidence based practices.

1. Orem's Theory guides nursing practice with theoretical concepts and goal setting providing a foundation upon which nurses can question the practice and expand the avenue for nursing research.

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References

Black, B. P. (2014). Nursing theory: the basis for professional nursing. In Professional nursing concepts & challenges (7th ed. (pp. 240-266). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier.

Dorothea Orem: Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory. (2014). Retrieved from http://nursingtheories.info/dorothea-orem self-care-deficit- nursing-theory/

Metaparadigm in Nursing. (2014). Retrieved from http://nursingtheories.info/metaparadigm-in-nursing/Nursing Theories (2012, February 4). Dorothea Orems Self-Care Theory. Retrieved from http://www.currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html

Nursing Theories. (2014). Dorothea Orem: Self-care deficit nursing theory. Retrieved from http://nursingtheories.info/dorothea-orem-self-care-deficit-nursing-theory/

Sonata, R. M. (2010, July 11). Four Concepts - Nursings Metaparadigm [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://juneyou-doroteaoremstheoryofselfcare.blogspot.com/2010/07/four-concepts-nursings-metaparadigm.html

References

Bernier, F. (2002, December 1st). Applying Orems self-care deficit theory of nursing to continence care. Urologic Nursing. Retrieved from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-95777381.html

Bieda, S., Centopanti, J., & Callaghan, N. (). Theory evaluation: Orem. Retrieved from http://grandtheoryroyandorem.weebly.com/theory-evaluation-orem.html

Nursing Theories (2012, February 4). Dorothea Orems Self-Care Theory. . Retrieved from http://www.currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html

Researchomatic, ( 2012 , 11) .Dorothea Orem Nursing Theory. Retrieved 11 , 2012, from http://www.researchomatic.com/Dorothea-Orem-Nursing-Theory-98215.html