Ppt_biowaste Treatment and Soil Protection

8/9/2019 Ppt_biowaste Treatment and Soil Protection

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Bio-Waste Need for EU-Legislation?, Brussels, 9-10 June 2009 1

Bio-waste Treatment and

Soil Protection

Luca Montanarella

European Commission


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EU Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection

adopted by the European Commission on

the 22nd of September 2006

COMMUNICATION COM(2006) 231 on the Thematic Strategy

for Soil ProtectionDIRECTIVE COM(2006) 232 establishing a framework for the

protection of soil and amending Directive 2004/35/EC

IMPACT ASSESSMENT SEC(2006) 620 of the Thematic

Strategy for Soil Protection

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/index.htm


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Recognizing soil multi-functionality


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ACTIONS AND MEANS of the Soil Thematic

Strategy

Still to be implemented:Framework legislation with protection and sustainable use

of soil as its principal aim;

Already in the implementation phase:Integration of soil protection in the formulation and

implementation of national and Community policies;

Research supported by Community and national research

programmes;Public awareness of the need to protect soil.


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Integration of soil protection in EU policies

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)Climate Change Policy

Water Protection Policy

Biodiversity Protection PolicyForest Protection Policy

Regional Policies

Food Safety (EFSA)

Energy Policy

Development PolicyWaste Policy

..etc


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Bio-waste as a major source of soil organic carbon

OriginTurnover

Complexity

Decomposing fresh OM(Particulate organic matter)

Microorganisms

Colloidal OMPolysaccharides and biomolecules

Humic substances

soluble OM

-OH

CO2Corg


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Biota

560 Gt

Atmosphere

780 Gt+3.3 Gt/yr

Soils

2,500 Gt(i) SOC - 1,550 Gt

(ii) SIC - 950 Gt

Ocean

38,400 Gt + 2.3 Gt/yr(i) Surface layer: 670 Gt

(ii) Deep layer: 36,730 Gt

(iii) Total organic: 1,000 Gt

Fossil Fuels

4,130 Gt

(i) Coal: 3,510 Gt

(ii) Oil: 230 Gt(iii) Gas: 140 Gt

(iv) Other: 250 Gt

120 + 2.0 Gt/yr (photosynthesis)

Plant respiration60 + 1.6 Gt/yr

60 Gt/yr

7.5 Gt/yr

Fossil fuelcombustion

90 Gt/yr

0.6+0.2 Gt/yr(deposition)

60Gt/yr

(soilr

espira

tion)

Accel

eratedsoil

erosio

n

1.1+0

.2Gt/yr

(erosio

n)MRT = 5Yr

MRT = 25Yr

1.6 + 0.8 Gt/yr

Deforestation

MRT = 6Yr

92.3 Gt/yr

Biomass (food, fiber, fuel, etc)

Bio-waste returning to the soil organic carbon pool?

Global Carbon Pools and Dynamics

Human activities

(adapted from R. Lal, 2008)


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Organic Carbon (%)No Data0 - 11 - 22 - 55 - 1010 - 2525 - 35> 35

Organic carbon content (%) in

the surface horizon (0-30 cm) ofsoils: total 71 GtC in EU

Organic CarbonGt

0.02.55.07.510.012.5

15.0

0.5 3.5

5.0

1.67.1

0.30.8 5.8

0.7

2.0

0.6

5.6

5.7

13.8 12.5

1.5

1.8

1.1

1.1 0.6

1.2 1.00.2

0.5 0.5 1.0

2.3

1.0

0.20.6

0.2

0.2

National Soil Organic Carbon

stocks (0-30cm) in Gt.

Model output Aggregated results

Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Assessment

Source: JRC-IES

S il O i C b D i d Gl b l


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CELL(structuralpolysaccharides)

HUM(humic

and protected)

STABLE

mineralization

microbial

synthesis

0.3 yr

LIGNIN

2.5 yr

LABILE

0,87 yr

25 yr

3300 yr

numerical values forsoil/land use =- 20% clay- temperature 12C- water/porevolume >

0,4- annual crops conv.tillage

CO2

CO2

CO2

Vegetation, organic input

Primary production,quality

Soil, Land

Use,Climate

Balesdent, 2000

Model of soil carbon

dynamics

Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Global

Climate Change


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Fig. 3 A schematic of the soil C dynamics upon conversion from a natural to agriculturalecosystem, and subsequent adoption of recommended management practices(RMPs). In most cases, the maximum potential equals the magnitude of historic Closs. Only in some soil-specific situations, the adoption of RMPs can increase SOCpool above that of the natural system. An example of this is acid savanna soils ofSouth America (Llanos, Cerrados) where alleviation of soil-related constraints candrastically enhance the SOC pool.

Time (Yrs)

100

80

60

40

20

0

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

RelativeMagnitudeofSOCPoo

l

land useconversion

subsistencefarming,

none or lowoff-farm

input, soildegradation

newequilibrium

adoption ofRMPs

soilCs

in

k

capacity

Accelerated erosion

Attainablepotential

Maximumpotential

Innovativetechnology I

Innovativetechnology II

X

YRate

Soil C Dynamics

Source: R. Lal, 2008

Wh l i SOC i


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Where can we lose or gain SOC in

Europe?


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Estimation based on Eurostat data on munic ipal waste (2008)

ORBIT/ECN, 2008, Compost production and use in the EU, Final report of ORBIT e.V. / European Compost Network ECN to European

Commission, Joint Research Centre

(http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/activi ties/sustainable_development/susproc.cfm)

Total biowaste and green waste arising in the European Union

The total annual arising of bio-waste in the EU is estimated at 76.5-102 Mt food and garden waste

included in mixed municipal solid waste plus 24 Mt non-household green waste and industrial waste,i.e. from the food industry.

U b d R l E


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Urban and Rural Europe

AC EU15

Group

60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00

% Urban population

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

%B

uilt-upare

a

BG

CZ

LVLT

PL

RO

SK

MT

AT

BE

DK

FI

FR

DE

GR

LU

NL

ES

UK

Transport of bio-waste from urban

to rural areas in Europe?

The need for a partnership between the


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The need for a partnership between the

Urban and the Rural communities

Bio-waste

Biomass

Max. distance 50 km


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Quality standards for Bio-waste are needed

Acidification and heavy metals distribution in


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Acidification and heavy metals distribution in

European soils


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Innovative technologies: BIOCHAR

Source: N. de Wit, 2009

BIOCHAR potential feed stocks, products


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p , p

and applications

Source: N. de Wit, 2009

C l i


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Conclusions

European soils are threatened by a constant loss of soilorganic carbon

Bio-waste could provide a win-win solution to wastedisposal and soil organic carbon restoration

Major effort is still needed in assuring sufficient qualityof the materials to be spread on soils

There is a need to build up confidence by land owners

that the organic materials are indeed beneficial to soilsand therefore to the quality of agricultural products

Innovative technologies could provide new solutions tothe disposal of bio-waste in European soils


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Thank you!

http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu
http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Ppt_biowaste Treatment and Soil Protection

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