Ppt oil spill
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Transcript of Ppt oil spill
OIL SPILL
WHAT ARE OIL SPILLS?
• An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment especially marine areas, due to human activity and is the form of pollution. Oil spills maybe due to release of crude oil, off shore platforms, drilling rigs, and wells as well as spills of refined petroleum products. Cleanup of oil spill is difficult and depends upon many factors. It may take weeks, months or even years.
EFFECTS OF
OIL SPILLS
Major Effects of Oil Spills
• Local industries• Human health• Marine ecosystem including
animal and plant life• Vegetation & mangroves• Effect on marine life• Damage Beaches, Marshlands
and Fragile Marine Ecosystems
Local industries• Tourist as
fishing, swimming or sailing
• Industries that rely on fresh sea water
• Devices used to catch fish cannot be used for fear of damaging them in area that have had an oil spill
Human health• Inhalation of vapor,
touching oil slicks and consuming contaminated sea food
• Causes neurological, acute toxic effects, ocular (eye) and also problems of respiratory system
• Nausea, throat infections, nose and eye irritations, etc. along with migraines and headaches.
Marine Ecosystem including animal and
plant life• Spread of oil slick• Movement
(waves)and weather (cold , low energy, little water movement)
• Area effected i.e. Estuaries/ foreshore
• Proximity to bird breeding colony
Vegetation• Root areas of plants
may be harmful• Living coral is also
vulnerable to oil slicks. If the living coral dies, then the reef of coral can be destroyed by wave erosion.
• A thick coating of oil on the leaves does almost no damage if it occurs outside the growing season.
MANGROVES• Salt tolerant tress and
shrubs and provide habitat for sea birds, crabs, oysters, breeding ground for birds
• Their complex root system stabilizes and sediment, preventing soil erosion
• They obtain oxygen through lenticels on aerial roots, which may become clogged and stop oxygen supply
• There may be long term loss of habitat
Effect on Marine Life• Oil, or hydrocarbons, can
affect plants and animals in different ways.
• Physical effects on marine birds and mammals is through smothering, where oil coats the outside of their bodies, covering feathers and fur.
• Toxic compounds from the spilt oil can be ingested by animals directly, in their prey, as they breath
WATER ANIMALS
AQUATIC PLANTS
Marine Mammals• Marine mammals are
vulnerable to oil spills because of their amphibious habits and their dependence on air.
• The rough skin surface, body hair and grooming habits of some species increase the possibility of oil contact, ingestion and associated toxicological effects.
Oil Spills Damage Beaches, Marshlands and Fragile Marine Ecosystems
• Absorption of oil by fibrous plants and grasses
• Effects on fragile underwater ecosystems
• Killing or contaminating many fish and smaller organisms that are essential links in the global food chain.
Cleaning & RecoveryOn the shore In the water
On the shore• Bioremediatio
n
• Manual treatment
• Mechanical treatment
In the water• Boom• Burning• Spreading of chemicals• Skimming• Sorbents Natural organic sorbents Natural inorganic sorbents Synthetic sorbents• Shovels
Boom
Burning
Spreading of chemicals
Skimming
Sorbents
Shovels
LIST OF FOUR MAJOR OIL SPILLS
IN HISTORY • The Torrey canyon oil spill - march 18, 1967. 25 - 36 million gallons
• The sea star oil spill - December 19, 1972. 35.3 million gallons
• Odyssey oil spill - November 10, 1988. 40.7 million gallons
• M/T haven tanker oil spill - April 11, 1991. 45 million gallons
The Torrey Canyon Oil Spill - March 18, 1967.
25 - 36 million gallons
The Sea Star Oil Spill – December 19, 1972.35.3 million gallons
Odyssey Oil Spill – November 10, 1988.
40.7 million gallons
M/T Haven Tanker Oil Spill – April 11, 1991.
45 million gallons
THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL
CASE STUDY
• Leakage of massive crude oil in PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
• Polluted the environment around Alaska
• Negative impact on sea life• People had a fear to travel to
Alaska
PROBLEMS FACED
Cleaning • Scientists and biologists started working to get new methods for cleaning
• People started helping the animals affected in sound