BY

DR. SUDIPTA GHOSHAL

Introduction of HOSPITALS

HOSPITAL: An institution whose primary function is to provide inpatient diagnostic and therapeutic services for a variety of medical conditions, both surgical and non-surgical. In addition, most hospitals provide some outpatient services, particularly emergency care. Hospitals may be classified by length of stay (short-term or long-term), as teaching or non-teaching, by major types of services (psychiatric, T.B., Gen./other Spl., such as maternity, paediatric, or ENT), and by type of ownership or control (Federal, State, or local govt., for-profit and non-profit).

Role of HOSPITALS

Medical Care is a programme of services that should make available to the individual, and thereby to the community, all facilities of medical and allied services necessary to promote and maintain health of mind and body. This programme should take into account the physical, social and family environment, with a view to the prevention of diseases, the restoration of health and the alleviation of disability. WHO, 1959

A HOSPITALS is an integral part of a social & medical organization, the function of which is to provide for the population complete healthcare, both curative and preventive, & whose outpatient services reach out to the family and its home environment; the hospital is also a centre for the training of health workers & bio-social research.

CARE PRIMARY Care: Health care provided by general Practitioner or other health professionals.

SECONDARY Care: Health care provided by medical specialists or hospital staff members.TERTIARY Care: The services provided by specialized hospitals equipped with diagnostic and treatment facilities.

FEW OTHER HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS

Health Centre The Health Centres are the hub of the primary healthcare services provided by the govt. Various health services are provided include immunization, speech therapy, dental services, antenatal and postnatal clinics. Nursing Home A facility that provides care to a person who is not able to remain home alone due to physical/mental health problems or functional disabilities. DispensariesA charitable provision in many 18th and 19th century towns, whereby poor people nominated by the subscribers were able to get free medical treatment. cont…

SPECIAL CARE UNITSEmergencyCare for patients with severe or life-threatening conditions that require immediate medical attention. Medical care that is needed immediately to save your life.Trauma CareCare for physically injured caused by an external force of violence, which may cause death/permanent disability.ICU The term “Intensive Care Unit” is defined as a separate, clearly designated service for the care and treatment of patients who are critically ill. It has: facilitates for special nursing care not available in regular rooms & wards of the Hospital. Nurse: Patient ratio is 1:1 and in continuous and constant attendance 24 hrs. a day.ICCUA type of intensive care developed in order to provide for the needs of critically ill.Day CareIt is a concept in healthcare delivery by which a pt. is admitted to a hospital for a few hrs. for a pre-scheduled surgery or for an invasive or high risk diagnostic/treatment procedure. The length of hospitalization is <1 day.Medical services Includes hospital room and services, physicians’ services, service by a professional other than a physicianSurgical ServicesIs the branch of medicine concerned with treatment of injuries or disorders of the body by incision, manipulation or alteration of organs with the hands or with instruments.

INTRAMURAL(within the institution) & EXTRAMURAL(beyond ) FUNCTION:

•Intramural function of the hospitals:-•Diagnostic.•Curative.•Rehabilitative•Care of emergencies•Preventive:•Supervision of normal pregnancies & childbirth•Supervision of normal growth & development of children•Control of communicable illness•Health education•Occupational health•Education •Medical undergraduates•Specialists & postgraduates •Nurses & midwives •Medical social worker•Paramedical staff•Community (health education)•Research:•Physical, psychological & social aspects of health & disease•Clinical medicine•Hospital practices & administration.

Extramural function of the hospitals:-•Outpatient services •Homecare services •Outreach services •Mobile clinics•Day care centre•Night hospitals•Medical care camps

Administration

Finance, Billing, HR, Personnel, Internal Audit, Medical Records

Medical Services

ORGANISATION CHART OF HOSPITAL

BOARD

ADMINISTRATIONADMINISTRATION

Paramedical

/Diagnostic

Service

Support

Service

Information

services

Information

services

Integrated /

Rehabilitative

Services

Teaching &

Education Institute

NursingMicrobiology LabImmunology LabBiochemistry LabBlood BankGenetic LabRadiologyRadiotherapy

CSSDBiomedicalDietaryFood & BeverageHouse-keepingMaintenanceTransportSecurityMarketing

ITDTraining

ITDTraining

PhysiotherapyBio-FeedbackSpeech TherapyAroma TherapyPanic HealingMusic TherapyYogaAyurvedaHomoeopathy

ENTRANCE ZONE

ENTRANCE ZONE

Reception & Registration -- Reception Counter -- Record StoragePharmacy -- Issue counter -- Formulations -- Drugs StoragePublic UtilitiesCirculation Space …cont.

Reception & Registration -- Reception Counter -- Record StoragePharmacy -- Issue counter -- Formulations -- Drugs StoragePublic UtilitiesCirculation Space …cont.

Ambulatory (moving from place to place) Zone

Ambulatory (moving from place to place) Zone

Examination & Workshop -- Examination Rooms -- Sub-waitingConsultation -- Consultation Rooms -- Toilets -- Sub-waitingNursing Station -- Nurses’ Desk -- Clean utility -- Dirty utility -- Treatment Rooms -- Injection & Dressing -- Sample Collection -- ECG -- Ultrasound -- Sub-waitingPublic UtilitiesCirculation Space …. Cont.

Examination & Workshop -- Examination Rooms -- Sub-waitingConsultation -- Consultation Rooms -- Toilets -- Sub-waitingNursing Station -- Nurses’ Desk -- Clean utility -- Dirty utility -- Treatment Rooms -- Injection & Dressing -- Sample Collection -- ECG -- Ultrasound -- Sub-waitingPublic UtilitiesCirculation Space …. Cont.

Diagnostic ZoneClinical laboratory

-- Sample Collection -- Bleeding Room -- Laboratory -- Washing / Disinfection -- Storage -- Sub-waiting

Imaging -- Preparation -- Change -- Toilet …cont.

Critical Zone (O.T./L.R.)

Critical Zone (O.T./L.R.)

Patient Area -- Preparation -- Pre – AnaesthesiaStaff Area -- Changing -- RestingOT / LR Area -- Scrub (loose-fitting clothing worn by hospital staff) & Gown -- Preparation -- Operation / Labour Room -- DisposalAncillary Area -- Trolley Bay -- Equipment Storage -- Sterile StoragePublic UtilitiesCirculation Space … cont.

Patient Area -- Preparation -- Pre – AnaesthesiaStaff Area -- Changing -- RestingOT / LR Area -- Scrub (loose-fitting clothing worn by hospital staff) & Gown -- Preparation -- Operation / Labour Room -- DisposalAncillary Area -- Trolley Bay -- Equipment Storage -- Sterile StoragePublic UtilitiesCirculation Space … cont.

Service Zone

Service Zone

Kitchen -- Dry Store -- Day Store -- Preparation -- Cooking -- Delivery -- Pot Wash -- Utensil Wash -- Trolley Park CSSD -- Receipt, Wash, Assembly, Sterilization, Sterile Storage, Issue.Laundry -- Receipt, Weight, Wash, Hydro-Extraction, Tumble, Calendar, Press, Treatment Room, Control, Dark Room, Sub-Waiting.Public UtilitiesCirculation Space …. Cont.

Kitchen -- Dry Store -- Day Store -- Preparation -- Cooking -- Delivery -- Pot Wash -- Utensil Wash -- Trolley Park CSSD -- Receipt, Wash, Assembly, Sterilization, Sterile Storage, Issue.Laundry -- Receipt, Weight, Wash, Hydro-Extraction, Tumble, Calendar, Press, Treatment Room, Control, Dark Room, Sub-Waiting.Public UtilitiesCirculation Space …. Cont.

Intermediate Zone (Ward)

Nursing Station -- Nurses’ Desk -- Clean Utility -- Dirty Utility -- Pantry -- Treatment Room -- Store -- Trolley BayPatient Area -- Bed Space -- Toilets -- Day Room -- IsolationAncillary Rooms -- Doctor’s Rest Room -- Nurses UtilitiesPublic UtilitiesCirculation Space -- Clean Storage …. Cont next page -- Issue

Intermediate Zone (Ward)

Manifold (variety) -- Landing Bay -- Manifold -- Compressor -- VacuumSub-station -- H.T. Panel -- Transformer -- L T Panel -- Generator Set -- StabilizerPump HouseWorkshopIncineratorMortuary -- Receipt / Issue -- Body Store …. Cont.

Manifold (variety) -- Landing Bay -- Manifold -- Compressor -- VacuumSub-station -- H.T. Panel -- Transformer -- L T Panel -- Generator Set -- StabilizerPump HouseWorkshopIncineratorMortuary -- Receipt / Issue -- Body Store …. Cont.

General AdministrationGeneral StoresPublic UtilitiesCirculation Space

General AdministrationGeneral StoresPublic UtilitiesCirculation Space

---Thank you.