PPT Intro to genetics M.6
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EIS Teaching – Learning Strategies / Procedures
Biology Secondary 6, duration 60 min.
Teacher: Mr.Wichai Likitponrak
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Look at this Picture!
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What is genetics?
The scientific study of heredity
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Gregor Mendel
Born in 1822 in Czechoslovakia.
Became a monk at a monastery in 1843.
Taught biology and had interests in statistics.
Also studied at the University of Vienna
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Mendel’s Peas
Easy to grow.
Easily identifiable traits
Can work with large numbers of samples
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Homozygous = when an organism possesses two
identical alleles. ex.
YY or yy
Heterozygous = when an organism possesses
different alleles. ex.
Yy
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Phenotype vs genotype
Genotype
The genetic makeup
Symbolized with
letters
Tt or TT
Phenotype
Physical
appearance of the
organism
Expression of the
trait
Short, tall, yellow,
smooth, etc.
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Gene and DNA
Genes are made from a
long molecule called DNA, which is
copied and inherited across generations.
DNA is made of simple units that line up
in a particular order within this long
molecule. The order of these units carries
genetic information, similar to how the
order of letters on a page carries
information.
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Chromosome Structure
A chromosome is a structure
of DNA, protein, and RNA found in cells. It
is a single piece of coiled DNA containing
many genes, regulatory elements and
other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes
also contain DNA-bound proteins, which
serve to package the DNA and control its
functions. Chromosomal DNA encodes
most or all of an organism's genetic
information.
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Chromosome number
All cells of an
organism contain a
specific number of
chromosomes.
Most cells are
diploid (2n) meaning
they have two
copies of each
chromosome
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Karyotype of Human
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Gene Maps
First developed by Sturtevant in 1911.
The farther apart two genes are, the more likely they will be separated in meiosis.
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Gene and Allele
•The information within a particular gene is
not always exactly the same between one
organism and another, so different copies of a
gene do not always give exactly the same
instructions. Each unique form of a single
gene is called an allele.
• If one allele overrides the instructions from
another, it is called the dominant allele, and
the allele that is overridden is called
the recessive allele.
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Review by this VDO!!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UB6Upeo-HDE
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Assignment:
Worksheet
Pages 5-7
1.1, 1.2 and 1.3
Sent me back
in this class !!!