PPT Assignment 1 Group 19 (2)

7/25/2019 PPT Assignment 1 Group 19 (2)

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Atan Tuahta (1206227535), Husnul Fajri (1206M. Fatah Karya i (1206263370), !ara"itha #$na (12062

&atri$ 'i"$ ijar $n$ (1

BIOMASS GASIFICAFOR NATURA

SUBSTITUTION INP

Assignment 1 Chemical Plant Design


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INTRODU


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Background

Biomass gasification plant background: Increasing demand of iron Limitation of gasoline, coal, LNG usage High number of biomass production


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Basic Theory

Main reaction of Iron Processing:

Iron Ore: collected frommining activity

Carbon Monoxide: reductorfrom coal or Natural Gas

Iron: Main Produ

Occurs at high temperature only


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Basic Theory

Biomass: biological material derived from living or rntl linving organisms!

Ma"or components in Biomass: #ellulose, Hemicelule, Lignin


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Marke and Ca!aci y Ana"ysis

Gap: $!% million #urrent utili&atio

million tonnes *eata+

#apacit : $ millio2 !2 " 2 "!2 2 2 2!2 # 2 #!2 $ 2 $!2 !

!

"

"!

2

2!

#

#!

$

$!

!

%emand &upply

'ear

Production (million tonnes)


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Ra# Ma eria" Ana"ysis

Parameter Rice Husks Palm Oil EFB Notes

Production

capacity

* + ,ach year- rice hus.s production is mor

palm oil ,/0

Availability in

Indonesia

* + 1ice hus. can be found in almost every

Indonesia- hile ,/0 is dominantly foun

&umatera and 3alimantan

Current usage * + It has been settled that ,/0 is used primar

biodiesel- hile rice hus. is mainly burne


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P"an Loca ion Ana"ysis

Plant location: #ilegon, Banten! nal sis Parameters:-lectricit : $ po.er plants nearb .ith capacit up to $'''

M/vailabilit of 0a. Material: can be found in 1ava Islandccess to Plant: road transportation


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PROC$SS S$L$CT


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Block Flow Diagram

Background

Analysis

ProcessSynthesis

Mass andEnergy

Balance


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Bio%ass Gasi&ica ion

RIN!IN !R"IN A#IFICA$ION

Pyrolysis Gasifcation


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GRINDING

5he process of

reducing the particlesi7e of the processedmaterial from theshape of largeconverted into asmaller si7e


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!R"IN

5he biomass needs to be

dried prior to gasification toimprove efficiency8

1otary dryers are the mostcommon type of biomassdryer8

In the rotary dryer- thebiomass is passed through arotating drum here it comesin contact ith hot gases8


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A#IFICA$ION

Gasification is a thermalprocess that brea.s do nthe chemical bonds in thefuel in order to produce anenergy rich gas8

5he process is anendothermic process hichre9uires external heat8

%ivided into t o steps

Gasification

Pyrolysis Gasifi

H R

(o) $emperature !oesn*t re&uire

O'ygen


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ACTION


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#ombustion

Gasif ing agent in partialo2idation is o2 gen, .hich ma be supplied as pureo2 gen or as air!

P415I46 O I%45ION CO2 G4&I/IC45ION

,ndothermic

1e9uires high tempera

(for fast reaction) andpressure (fir high reacconcentrations) forsignificant conversion


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3imilar .ith #4 $ Gasification

5 picall combined .ith other

gasification reactions in practical applications!

#$EA+ A#IFICA$ION H"!RO A#IFICA$ION

%irect addition of hydrogunder high pressure formmethane8

5his reaction is exothermthermodynamically favortemperatures (5 ; C)both steam and CO2 gasireactions 8


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Reac or Ty!es


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Process Se"ec ion &or Bio%ass Gasi&ica ion


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Entrained FlowGasifer

Gasify pulveri7ed fuel particles suspended in astream of oxygen (or air) and steam8

In entrained+bed reactor- methane content isvery lo ? therefore doesn@t re9uire specificfractionation8

Generally use oxygen as the oxidant andoperate at high temperatures8

5emperature is ell above ash+slaggingconditions- to ensure hugh carbon conversion8

4sh in the coal melts at the high operatingtemperature of the gasifier and is removed asli9uid slag8


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Par ic"e Re%o'a"

5o remove the largest

particles and returns them tothe gasifier8

Aor.s on the principle ofcreating a high+speed spiralairflo that applies centrifugal

force to remove particles8


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Process Se"ec ion In Iron P"an

Blast 6urnace Midre2 Process H lsa


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B"as Furnace

7sing coal as a fuel for this process Produce pig iron from iron ore b the r

educing action of carbon *supplied ascoke+ at a high temperature

5his process has a ver high temperature of about 8,9)' # *;,''' 6+ that produces the li


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MIDR$( Process

5he desired reducing gas temperature is t picall in the rangeof >'' #

7sing natural gas and agglomerated iron ore makes the process simple

5he product, ?0I, is t picall >'@ to >=@ iron Plants can operate at a .ide sp

ectrum of h drogen to carbonmono2ide ratios *'!) to ;!)+


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)y"sa In the HAL II process, reducin

g gas is generated b reforming natural gas .ith e2cess steam

5he HAL process is a c clical batch operation

5he energ consumption in

most recent plants is 8=!> G1tonne *8$!% MBtu ton+ of >'@ reduced ?0I

Production during the firmonths of operation has at capacit , .ith metalli&evels of >)@ and carbon=@ as iron carbide *cem

5his process has a high tature of about ('' # that duces the iron sponge


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Process Se"ec ion Scoring


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Process Descri! ion *Iron Processing+

Grinding: minerals are made into fine particles *C '!8

mm+ 3intering: agglomeration of fine particles b combusti

n MI?0-D Process: ?irect 0educed Iron *?0I+ Production

-lectric rc 6urnace: Produce batchs of molten steel #asting: Molten steel solidification


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Iron Processing


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MASS AND $NBA

M B " O' ""


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Mass Ba"ance - O'era""Component In Out

4sh "28!B

Cellulose #


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Mass Ba"ance - GrindingComponent Ra) +aterial !rying Feed

4sh

Cellulose #


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Mass Ba"ance - Drying

Component!ryingFeed

as6ierFeed

7apour

4shCellulose #


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Mass Ba"ance - Gasi&ica ionComponent asi6ier Feed Output as

4sh "28!B

Cellulose #


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Mass Ba"ance . Par ic"e Re%o'a"

ComponentOutput

as#yn9gas #olid

4sh "28!B 0 "28nit Operation Energy In Energy Out

!ryer #- !


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Conc usion

Biomass has great potential in Indonesia et its added value is not .idel utili&ed! Man sare offered, in .hich one of the is gasification as natural gas substitution in iron plants

5here are numerous sources for biomass ra. material ! 6or our plant, rice husks is used becof man considerations like production capacit , availabilit , and current usage!

5he gasification plant .ill be located in #ilegon, Banten .ith the production capacit of $ mtonnes per ear!

5he main processes for our plant are grinding, dr ing, gasification, particle removal, and ren of iron ore! 5he technolog used is entrained flo. gasifier to produce high level of #4!

3imulation using 3P-N HA3A3 is used in modelling the process! It is observed that H

e the most abundant component in s nEgas .ith the H $:#4 ratio is apporo2imate It is observed that from 8'' kg of biomass, (%!$= kg of s nEgas is produced! 5his number

gas .ill be used to reduce iron ore to obtain =9!=% kg of iron! It is observed that the mass efficienc of the plant is (%!$=F, .hile the energ efficienc is


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T)AN/ ,

PPT Assignment 1 Group 19 (2)

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