PPSC FPSC Tests Complete Book

PREFACE This Data is collected & Compiled from Internet and

other sources By

Ch. Yasir Shahzad( Gujrat)

Book For FPSC It will helpful for preparation of all PPSC, FPSC, NTS, PMS & CSS Tests

Best Of Luck

You Can Not Help Every one But Every

One Can Help Someone

'FPSC Custom Inspectors BS16 & Preventive Officer BS16 Prepartion group

Collected By : Yasir Shehzad

Shared By : Faisal Qureshi 1



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Federal Public Service Commission has published the Syllabus for the 227 posts of

Appraising/Valuation Officer (BS-16) and Inspector Federal Board of Revenue

Division

Note: There are 5 Parts every Part contains Equal Marks

No Negative Marking

Part 1

English ( 20 Marks)

Part 2

2.1 Basic-Arithmetic ( 20 Marks)

2.2 Current Affairs including World and Pakistan ( 20 Marks)

2.3 Pak Affairs and Islamyat (10 +10 each total 20)

2.4 Genreal Knowledge ( 20 Marks )

Part 1

English

Subject of English has a great importance in all types of examination like Css,Pcs

or other general exams. A candidate should try to prepare this subject carefully.

Mostly jobs tests contains English question type as following

Synonyms, Antonyms



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Analogies Preposition, Phrasal verbs, Word meanings, Grammar Questions, Tense Questions, Direct Indirect, Active Voice, Passive Voice, Questions on a give Passage,

Synonyms And Antonyms

What are Synonyms?

When two pair of words mean exactly same in their meaning or nearly same or similar are

termed as Synonyms. Thereby a single word can carry many synonyms. For example; Simple,

Smooth, Easy are Synonyms of each other.

The formations of synonyms changes as per the changing form, let it be either verb, adjective,

adverb, preposition etc. On can understand better with the help of examples.

Verb: Walk and Stroll

Adjective: Beautiful and Charming

Adverb: Easily and Comfortably

Preposition: On and Upon

Given below are a few handful tips which shall be helpful to you to solve synonyms.

Tips & Tricks to solve Synonyms correctly in exam:

1. If one does not know the exact meaning of the word, try understanding it in the context of the

paragraph.

2. In case the meaning of the word is not clear, going through all the available options can

certainly be considered as a good idea. By doing so, one can start getting idea about the given

question & start negating the available options one after the other.

3. Sometimes it so happens that a particular word sounds more like a tongue twister, so try &

break it into meaningful parts. Chances are there that the full word might start making more

sense in this way.

4. One of the effective ways of knowing & scoring well in this section is to keep a regular tab &

enough involvement of reading synonyms & making ones own list. Revising the list regularly

helps one in remembering the synonyms more often.



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5. While replacing a particular word in sentence, using its synonym, please see to it that the

context does not change nor the whole meaning of the sentence.

Example: What is the synonym of Philanthropy?

a) injury

b) misappropriate

c) charity

d) endaemonism

e) cling

The correct answer is option c) charity.

Moving on to Antonyms. Let us understand what do we mean by saying Antonyms.

What are Antonyms?

Antonyms are the words, which mean opposite to the given word. Example: Antonym of

Benevolent is Malevolent or Unkind.

Given below are a few types of antonyms for better understanding of the students.

Types of Antonyms:

1. Gradable Antonyms: Both the words lie in a continuous spectrum. eg: hard and soft.

2. Complementary Antonyms: Over here, both the words do not lie in a continuous spectrum.

eg: push and pull

3. Relational Antonyms: Few kinds of antonyms are the ones, who make sense only when they

are read together. eg: teacher and pupil

In context of the examination, antonyms are being asked directly & at times based on the

paragraph.

Tips & Tricks to solve antonyms shall remain same as that of synonyms.

Let us take a look at the following passage for better understanding:

The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to draw attention to

the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants have set out their wares at day

break & communal festivities have been celebrated, people have been in rough agreement with

their neighbours as to the time of day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent than

ever. Were it not for public acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be

unbearably chaotic: the massive daily transfers of goods, services, information, would proceed

in fits & starts the very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel.



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Question: In the above passage find out the antonym for the word stated in bold.

a) lawless

b) untidy

c) jumbled

d) calm

The answer to the above question is d) calm.

Thus a regular study & revisions of both synonyms & antonyms can give an answer to your long

lasting question on how to crack synonyms & antonyms questions in exams. Keep in mind the

above tips & techniques for better performance.

Send us your feedback for the same. Good Luck

Some Other Techniques for Solving Synonyms and Antonyms Questions

This part of the aptitude carries 8 marks in HCL and Infosys its like half of the verbal is

synonyms and antonyms. So a little concentration should be provided to this area. Most of the

words used are GRE high frequency words and if not they are going to new words.

For early preparation lets say you have couple of months before Infosys or HCL its better you

read the editorial column in the news papers and follow the below stated steps.

i. Experiment with synonyms

After you see the meaning of a word, look up its usage in the sentence that is usually present in

the dictionary. Note down this sentence. Prepare a new sentence after understanding the meaning

of the word.

ii. Prepare sentences with antonyms

So the next step is to find the antonym of the word, this further helps you to store the word well

in your mind. Now try to form a sentence or couple of sentences with the antonyms.

iii. Compare synonyms and antonyms

Use both the synonym (a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word)

and the antonym to construct sentences using the same context or situation. This procedure

enables you to see a word from both sides.

If you can follow this strategy, it would definitely solve your problem of learning new words

without forgetting their meaning.

iv. Important: Use the same context

You should always use the same background to write sentences using a new word, its synonyms

and antonyms. If you use different circumstances, events or situations to get acquainted with the

meaning and the usage of a word, there is a strong possibility that you may get confused.

It is the context that will always remind you of how the word is used, and will ensure you dont

forget the meaning easily.

This part will work only if you have a sufficient time to work out. Most of us dont follow these

steps so we need a shortcut.



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Shortcuts work, you cant expect 100% result when your gonna use shortcuts and most of these

tricks are tricky too

GRE Techniques can be used:

Week before the placements go for the online test link and apply these techniques and see if they

are working out for you These tricks are enough for all companies, but Infosys it wont work

out

Trick 1

Try to put the word in a sentence or a phrase and guess its meaning

Trick 2

When you have a word try to guess all its synonyms and from the answers see the exact word

which has the same meaning, in the case of antonym the opposite meaning

Trick 3

Read all the options, most of us think of time and come up with the answer which has close

match to the word. But there is an actual word with the same meaning hidden there.

Trick 4

First know the part of the speech the word is used in For example the word run can be used as

a verb but it could also be used as noun like home run so make sure you know the part of

speech before answering.

Trick 5

Some words are eye catchy, you immediately think its going to be the antonym/synonym, but

most of the guesses are not gonna be right so go through the options once again unless your sure

of the answer

Some Synonyms and Antonyms

Word Synonym Synonym

narrow confined restricted

nature aspect character

necessary mandatory requisite

negate contradict refute

negligent careless remiss

negotiate bargain deal

nice affable benign

noble aristocratic distinguished

novice beginner nonprofessional

nuisance annoyance offense

obedient faithful loyal

objection disapproval protest

obligatory compulsory required

observe notice watch

obvious conspicuous definite

offend anger irritate

offer bid proposal

omen premonition sign

omit exclude remove



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opportune advantageous auspicious

pacify appease placate

pain ache discomfort

paramount chief leading

partisan biased dogmatic

passive inactive lethargic

pause break cease

permeate diffuse disseminate

perpetuate endure preserve

perplex astonish baffle

persecute afflict harass

radiate effuse emanate

radical basic fundamental

range anger furor

rank arrange classify

realize accomplish fulfill

recalcitrant obstinate stubborn

receptacle container repository

reconcile atone conciliate

regret deplore grieve

reliable dependable trustworthy

sanction approval permit

scope aim extent

section division portion

settle adjust compromise

shallow superficial trivial

shrewd careful calculating

significant distinctive important

slight delicate slender

spontaneous impromptu unplanned

spread announce broadcast

stabilize balance steady

tame domesticate subdue

tangle intertwine twist

temper mood nature

tendency inclination trend

term cycle duration

thrift conservation prudence

tough aggressive unyielding

transfer convey exchange

tumult agitation commotion

turbulent disordered violent

vain boastful inflated

valid authorized legitimate

variety assortment diversify

verify authenticate substantiate



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Serial Word Antonyms Synonyms

1 Combat Harmony , Peace , Concord , Amity , Cooperation , Surrender , Compromise

War , Fighting , Battle , Encounter , Contest , Fight , Conflict

2 Brevity Confused , Longevity , Loquacious , Verbosity , Garrulity

Short , Laconic , Concise , Brief

3 Alarming Hopeful , Comforting , Auspicious , Encouraging , Optimistic

Frightful , Dreadful , Terrible , Shocking , Ominous , Awful , Threatening , Scary

4 Feeble Strong , Forceful , Vigorous , Firm , Muscular , Powerful , Robust

Weak , Fragile , Impotent , Languid , Frail

5 Miserable Happy , Jocund , Cheerful , Glad , Joyous , Prosperous , Dignified , Blessed

Forlorn , Melancholy , Unhappy , Sad , Dismal , Pathetic , Wretched , Oppressive

6 Splendid Dull , Ordinary , Dark , Humble , Dim , Dreadful , Cloudy , Terrible

Resplendent , Marvellous , Radiant , Magnificent , Brilliant , Wonderful , Shining , Great , Excellent

7 Vague Clear , Evident , Defined , Obvious , Sharp , Certain , Distinct , Definite

Dim , Obscure , Nebulous , Indefinite , Doubtful , Ambiguous , Unclear , Abstruse

8 Controversy Agreement , Peace , Dispute , Strife , Argument , Discord , Contention ,



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Compromise , Concord , Accord , Harmony

Conflict , Debate , Quarrel

9 Elegant Inexpensive , Ugly , Simple , Awkward , Usual , Rough , Vulgar , Rude , Coarle

Luxurious , Polished , Dignified , Fine , Graceful , Refined , Exquisite , Polite

10 Horrible Agreeable , Attractive , Pleasant , Fascinating , Delightful , Pleasing , charming

Frightful , Horrid , Ghastly , Horrifying , Fearful , Terrific , Ugly , Awful

11 Fame Disrepute , Dishonour , Notoriety , Obscurity , Oblivion

Esteem , Repute , Credit , Prestige , Glory , Honour , Reputation , Renown

12 Scanty Ample , Plentiful , Excessive , Abundant , Sufficient ,

Deficient , Narrow , Slender , Limited , Meagre , Sparse , Poor, Inadequate , Few , Small ,

13 Worthless Excellent , Useful , Good , Worthwhile , Valuable , Admirable

Cheap , Futile , Base , Useless , Valueless , Contemptible

14 Inclement Genial , Temperate , Mild , Favourable , Pleasant

Rough , Severe , Stormy , Harsh , Unpleasant , Unfavourable

15 Hazard Certainty , Surety , Protection , Security

Danger , Threat , Jeopardy , Peril , Venture , Risk

16 Brutal Tender , Merciful , Compassionate ,

Savage , Inhuman , Bestial , Merciless , Cruel ,



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Humane , Sympathetic , Gentle , Kind

Barbarous

17 Audacious Courteous , Humble , Polite , Modest , Fearful , Timid

Intrepid , Adventurous , Daring , Bold , Courageous , Insolent , Impudent

18 Wicked Just , Moral , Good , Virtuous , Upright ,

Malevolent , Evil , Heinous , Criminal , Vicious , Corrupt , Immoral , Bad

19 Abhor Devotion , Fondness , Passion , Love , Attachment , Admiration , Affection

Disdain , Hate , Abominate , Dislike , Scorn , Despise

20 Filthy Immaculate , Clean , Virtuous , Pure , Decent , Spotless

Nasty , Foul , Unclean , Putrid , Dirty , Impure , Polluted , Corrup

Serial Number

Word Synonym Antonym

1 Abandon Leave Pursue

2 Abash Humble Conceited

3 Abate Decrease Increase

4 Aberration Shorten Lengthen

5 Abduct Kidnap Deliver

6 Aberration Distortion Truth

7 Abhor Dislike Like



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8 Abject Servile Arrogant

9 Abjure Give Up Accept

10 Abridge Summaries Expand

11 Abscond Disappear Present

12 Accumulate Gather Scatter

13 Acquaintance Familiar Ignorant

14 Adversity Misfortune Good Fortune

15 Allay Relieve Worsen

16 Allure Charm Repel

17 Ally Friend Enemy

18 Ample Enough Limited

19 Annex Take Possession Give Up

20 Annihilate Destroy Establish

21 Apparent Clear Unclear

22 Ascend Go Up Come Down

23 Assent Agree Disagree

24 Auspicious Fortunate Unfortunate

25 Awkward Unskillful Skilful



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26 Bankrupt Penniless Prosperous

27 Benevolence Kindness Cruelty

28 Bewilder Confuse Enlighten

29 Bliss Joy Sorrow

30 Blunt Insensitive Sensitive

31 Boost Help Hinder

32 Brace Support Weaken

33 Brevity Brief Enlarge

34 Brusque Curt Courteous

35 Calamity Disaster Prosperity

36 Casuality Accident Intentional

37 Celibate Unmarried Married

38 Clumsy Awkward Elegant

39 Clutch Grasp Release

40 Coarse Rough Refined

41 Coherence Solidity Break

42 Combat Battle Peace

43 Compassion Sympathy Cruel



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44 Compress Condense Expand

45 Concord Accord Discord

46 Confine Limit Extend

47 Conscientious Principled Disbelief

48 Considerate Thoughtful Careless

49 Contemptible Detestable Admirable

50 Creed Belief Disbelief

51 Cripple Disable Able

52 Cynical Distrustful Believing

53 Dainty Delicate Coarse

54 Deception Fraud Honesty

55 Decline Decrease Enhance

56 Deed Action Passivity

57 Delicacy Elegance Crudeness

58 Denote Imply Conceal

59 Dependence Reliance Independence

60 Despair Dejection Elation

61 Despise Hate Admire



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62 Deviate Stray Abide

63 Diligent Laborious Lazy

64 Dissolve Break Up Join

65 Diversity Variety Unify

66 Dreadful Frightening Pleasing

67 Ebb Decline Increase

68 Enchant Fascinate Disgust

69 Encroach Intrude Withdraw

70 Endanger Risk Protect

71 Envious Jealous Content

72 Evasion Avoid Defend

73 Exert Strain Rest

74 Extravagant Wasteful Economical

75 Fanciful Imaginary Real

76 Feeble Weak Strong

77 Filthy Dirty Clean

78 Foresight Foreknowledge Short sight

79 Fundamental Basic Secondary



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80 Gorgeous Magnificent Simple

81 Grasp Hold Release

82 Hazard Danger Surety

83 Humid Moist Dry

84 Humorous Funny Serious

85 Hypocrisy Pretend Honesty

86 Ignoble Servile Noble

87 Imitate Copy Original

88 Imminent Impending Unlikely

89 Inclement Unfavourable Favourable

90 Induce Persuade Discourage

91 Insert Put In Remove

92 Integrity Honesty Dishonesty

93 Intensify Increase Decrease

94 Jest Joke Serious

95 Kindle Ignite Put out

96 Miscellaneous Various Identical

97 Modest Humble Arrogant



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98 Mourn Grieve Rejoice

99 Nimble Fast Slow

100 Notion Belief Truth

101 Numerous Various few

102 Obligatory Necessary Voluntary

103 Oblivious Unaware Aware

104 Obscure Unclear Plain

105 Onerous Difficult Easy

106 Ooze Drip Pour

107 Ooze Hopeful Pessimist

108 Outbreak Tumult Order

109 Pacify Appease Irritate

110 Partial Unfair Fair

111 Peculiar Odd Usual

112 Persist Continue Discontinue

113 Predominant Prominent Subsidiary

114 Predicament Problem Decision

115 Prediction Forecast Conceal



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116 Premature Untimely Timely

117 Privilege Favour Inhibition

118 Profess Declare Conceal

119 Prohibit Ban Authorize

120 Prolong Lengthen Shorten

121 Queer Strange Ordinary

122 Radical Basic Superficial

123 Remorse Regret Exult

124 Repentance Regret Satisfaction

125 Riddle Puzzle Solution

126 Scatter Disperse Gather

127 Scanty Limited Abundant

128 Scold LimitedRebuke Praise

129 Slander Defame Praise

130 Solemn Pious Impious

131 Solitary Lonely Popular

132 Spiteful Malicious Benign

133 Stimulus Incentive Hindrance



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134 Sublime Noble Mean

135 Systematic Methodical Casual

136 Terse Short Lengthy

137 Timid Shy Brave

138 Transparent Lucid Obscure

139 Treacherous Unfaithful Faithful

140 Transient Temporary Permanent

141 Tremble Vibrate Steady

142 Tyranny Oppression Pity

143 Unanimous Unison Disagreement

144 Vehement Earnest Mild

145 Versatile Clever Dull

146 Wavering Unsteady Steady

147 Yoke Link Abandon

148 Zeal Dedication Apathy

Analogy

1.a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparisonmay be based: the analogy between the heart and a pump.

2.

similarity or comparability:



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I see no analogy between your problem and mine.

3.

Biology. an analogous relationship.

4.

Linguistics.

a. the process by which words or phrases are created or re-formedaccording to existing patterns in the language, as when shoon wasre-

formed as shoes, when -

ize is added to nouns like winter to formverbs, or when a child says foots for feet.

b. a form resulting from such a process.

5.

Logic. a form of reasoning in which one thing is inferred to be similar toanother thing in a certain

respect, on the basis of the known similaritybetween the things in other respects.

Solving Analogies

Solving analogies is a terrific way to sharpen your thinking skills and prepare for standardized

tests.

An analogy is a type of word problem that consists of two word pairs. To solve the analogy you

must find a word that correctly completes the second pair. At first glance, the words in an

analogy may seem to have nothing to do with each other, but the words are always logically

related. The first pair of words has a relationship similar to the second pair of words. To solve

the analogy, you need to figure out that relationship.

Example:

GRACEFUL : CLUMSY :: HOT : _______

1. Read the analogy like this: Graceful is to clumsy as hot is to blank. 2. Then ask yourself: What's the relationship between graceful and clumsy? These words

have opposite meanings they are antonyms so the second pair of words must also be

antonyms.

3. Fill in the blank with a word that means the opposite of hot, and youve solved the analogy. The best answer is COLD.

Common Analogy Types

The word pairs in an analogy often have one of the following relationships:

Antonyms: Words that have opposite meanings, as in HOT : COLD



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Synonyms: Words that have the same or similar meanings, as

inUNHAPPY : SAD

Descriptive: One word describes the other word, as in FAST :

CHEETAH

Part to whole: One word is a part or piece of the other, as in PIECE :

PUZZLE

Item to category: One word is an item in the category named by the

other, as in

BASEBALL : SPORTS BALLS

Some analogies will not fit into the categories above.

Example: PUPPY : DOG :: KITTEN : _______

1. Read the analogy like this: Puppy is to dog as kitten is to blank. The first pair of words are not related in any of the ways listed above.

2. Try reading the analogy as a sentence that expresses the relationships between the words: A puppy is a young dog, as a kitten is a young....?

3. To solve this analogy, fill in the blank with a word that best completes this sentence. CATis the best answer.

Some other Three--Step Method ffor Sollviing Anallogiies Probllems The best way to solve analogies problems is to attack them using this universal method. Each of

the

following steps outlined in our Five-Step Method will work with any analogy you may

encounter,

regardless of the relationship shared between the word pair.

Sttep 1::

Build a strong bridge sentence relating the words in the question pair. The bridge should be as

short and



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clear as possible.

Functtiion Briidge::

1)) bag : buy

2)) baby : cry

3)) cloud : rain

4)) fork : eat

5)) car : stop

In the question to the left, the question pair is SHOVEL : DIG. First,

think about a necessary relationship shared between this pair:

A shovell iis used tto diig..

Remember, no proper analogies question will put words in the

question pair that do not share a diirectt and necessary relationship.

For example, you will never see the words MAN :: STRONG used in

the question pair, because they do not share a necessary

relationship. A man may or may not be strong.

Sttep 2::

Now, use this bridge with each answer choice, inserting them in place of the words in the

question pair.

1)) A bag iis used tto buy.. Perhaps, but this is not necessarily true. You may use a shopping cart

to buy

something. Or, you may use money to buy something. So this doesnt work. 2)) A baby iis used tto cry.. This doesnt work; a baby isnt used to do anything. 3)) A clloud iis used tto raiin.. A cloud produces rain, but a cloud isnt used to rain. Again, a cloud isnt necessarily used to do anything.

4)) A ffork iis used tto eatt.. Here we have a strong relationship. A fork is definitely used to eat.

This seems

to be the correct answer, but lets try the last one just to make sure. 5)) A car iis used tto sttop.. One of the operations of a car is to stop. However, a car is not

necessarily used

to stop. A car is used to travel, or to transport. So, this doesnt work. Therefore, answer choice #4 must

be the correct answer.

Sttep 3::

If after completing steps 1 and 2 you still have not found an answer pair that works, then it may

be

necessary to adjust the bridge sentence. Lets look back at our original example: Functtiion Briidge::

1)) bag : buy

2)) baby : cry

3)) cloud : rain

4)) fork : eat

5)) car : stop

It may be that our original bridge was not strong enough. Imagine if

our bridge was: A shovell may be used tto diig..

Now, it is possible to come up with two correct answers:

1)) A bag may be used tto buy..

4)) A ffork may be used tto eatt..

Our original bridge wasnt strong enough. Therefore, we need to strengthen our bridge by making it more specific, and repeat steps 1

and 2.

Prepositions

Definition

A preposition is a word that indicates location (in, near, beside) or some other relationship

(about, after, besides) between a noun or pronoun and other parts of the sentence. A preposition

isn't a preposition unless it goes with a related noun or pronoun, called the object of the

preposition.



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Examples:

Let's meet before noon.

Before is a preposition; noon is its object.

We've never met before.

There is no object; before is an adverb modifying met.

Rule 1. A preposition generally, but not always, goes before its noun or pronoun. One of the

undying myths of English grammar is that you may not end a sentence with a preposition. But

look at the first example that follows. No one should feel compelled to say, or even write, That is

something with which I cannot agree. Just do not use extra prepositions when the meaning is

clear without them.

Correct: That is something I cannot agree with.

Correct: Where did you get this?

Incorrect: Where did you get this at?

Correct: How many of you can I depend on?

Correct: Where did he go?

Incorrect: Where did he go to?

Rule 2a. The preposition like means "similar to" or "similarly to." It should be followed by an

object of the preposition (noun, pronoun, noun phrase), not by a subject and verb. Rule of thumb:

Avoid like when a verb is involved.

Correct:

You look like your mother.

That is, you look similar to her. (Mother is the object of the preposition like.)

Incorrect:

You look like your mother does.

(Avoid like with noun + verb.)

Rule 2b. Instead of like, use as, as if, as though, or the way when following a comparison with a

subject and verb.

Correct: You look the way your mother does.

Incorrect: Do like I ask. (No one would say Do similarly to I ask.)

Correct: Do as I ask.

Incorrect: You look like you're angry.

Correct: You look as if you're angry. (OR as though)

Some speakers and writers, to avoid embarrassment, use as when they mean like. The following

incorrect sentence came from a grammar guide:

Incorrect: They are considered as any other English words.

Correct: They are considered as any other English words would be.

Correct: They are considered to be like any other English words.

Remember: like means "similar to" or "similarly to"; as means "in the same manner that." Rule

of thumb: Do not use as unless there is a verb involved.

Incorrect: I, as most people, try to use good grammar.

Correct: I, like most people, try to use good grammar.

Correct: I, as most people do, try to use good grammar.

NOTE

The rule distinguishing like from as, as if, as though, and the way is increasingly ignored, but

English purists still insist upon it.

Rule 3. The preposition of should never be used in place of the helping verb have.

Correct: I should have done it.

Incorrect: I should of done it.

Rule 4. Follow different with the preposition from. Things differ from other things;

avoiddifferent than.

Incorrect: You're different than I am.

Correct: You're different from me.

Rule 5. Use into rather than in to express motion toward something. Use in to tell the location.

Correct: I swam in the pool.



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Correct: I walked into the house.

Correct: I looked into the matter.

Incorrect: I dived in the water.

Correct: I dived into the water.

Incorrect: Throw it in the trash.

Correct: Throw it into the trash.

Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are usually two-word phrases consisting of verb + adverb or verb + preposition.

Think of them as you would any other English vocabulary. Study them as you come across them,

rather than trying to memorize many at once. Use the list below as a reference guide when you

find an expression that you don't recognize. The example sentences will help you understand the

meanings. If you think of each phrasal verb as a separate verb with a specific meaning, you will

be able to remember it more easily. Like many other verbs, phrasal verbs often have more than

one meaning.

phrasal verb meaning example sentence

ask someone out invite on a date Brian askedJudy out to dinner and a

movie.

ask around ask many people the

same question

I asked aroundbut nobody has seen

my wallet.

add up to something equal Your purchasesadd up to$205.32.

back something up reverse You'll have toback up your car so

that I can get out.

back someone up support My wife backedme up over my

decision to quit my job.

blow up explode The racing carblew up after it

crashed into the fence.



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blow something up add air We have toblow 50 balloons up for

the party.

break down stop functioning

(vehicle, machine)

Our car broke down at the side of

the highway in the snowstorm.

break down get upset The womanbroke downwhen the

police told her that her son had died.

break somethingdown divide into smaller

parts

Our teacherbroke the final

project downinto three separate

parts.

break in force entry to a

building

Somebodybroke in last night and

stole our stereo.

break into something enter forcibly The firemen had to break intothe

room to rescue the children.

break something in wear something a few

times so that it doesn't

look/feel new

I need to breakthese shoes inbefore

we run next week.

break in interrupt The TV stationbroke in to report the

news of the president's death.

break up end a relationship My boyfriend and I broke upbefore

I moved to America.



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break up start laughing

(informal)

The kids justbroke up as soon as

the clown started talking.

break out escape The prisonersbroke out of jail when

the guards weren't looking.

break out insomething develop a skin

condition

I broke out in a rash after our

camping trip.

bring someone down make unhappy This sad music isbringing medown.

bring someone up raise a child My

grandparentsbrought me upafter

my parents died.

bring something up start talking about a

subject

My mother walks out of the room

when my fatherbrings upsports.

bring something up vomit He drank so much that

hebrought his dinner up in the

toilet.

call around phone many different

places/people

We called around but we weren't

able to find the car part we needed.

call someone back return a phone call I called the company backbut the

offices were closed for the weekend.

call something off cancel Jason called the wedding offbecause



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he wasn't in love with his fianc.

call on someone ask for an answer or

opinion

The professorcalled on me for

question 1.

call on someone visit someone We called onyou last night but you

weren't home.

call someone up phone Give me your phone number and I

will callyou up when we are in

town.

calm down relax after being angry You are still mad. You need to calm

downbefore you drive the car.

not care

forsomeone/something

not like (formal) I don't care forhis behaviour.

catch up get to the same point as

someone else

You'll have to run faster than that if

you want to catch up with Marty.

check in arrive and register at a

hotel or airport

We will get the hotel keys when

we check in.

check out leave a hotel You have tocheck out of the hotel

before 11:00 AM.

checksomeone/somethingout look at carefully,

investigate

The companychecks out all new

employees.



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check outsomeone/something look at (informal) Check out the crazy hair on that

guy!

cheer up become happier She cheered upwhen she heard the

good news.

cheer someone up make happier I brought you some flowers

tocheer you up.

chip in help If everyonechips in we can get the

kitchen painted by noon.

clean something up tidy, clean Please clean upyour bedroom

before you go outside.

come acrosssomething find unexpectedly I came acrossthese old photos when

I was tidying the closet.

come apart separate The top and bottom come apart if

you pull hard enough.

come down withsomething become sick My nephewcame down

with chicken pox this weekend.

come forward volunteer for a task or

to give evidence

The womancame forwardwith her

husband's finger prints.

come fromsomewhere originate in The art of origami comes

from Asia.



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count onsomeone/something rely on I am counting on you to make

dinner while I am out.

cross something out draw a line through Please cross out your old address

and write your new one.

cut back onsomething consume less My doctor wants me to cut back

on sweets and fatty foods.

cut something down make something fall to

the ground

We had to cutthe old tree in our

yard downafter the storm.

cut in interrupt Your father cut in while I was

dancing with your uncle.

cut in pull in too closely in

front of another vehicle

The bus driver got angry when that

car cut in.

cut in start operating (of an

engine or electrical

device)

The air conditioner cuts in when the

temperature gets to 22C.

cut something off remove with something

sharp

The doctors cut off his leg because

it was severely injured.

cut something off stop providing The phone company cut offour

phone because we didn't pay the bill.

cut someone off take out of a will My grandparentscut my



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fatheroff when he remarried.

cut something out remove part of

something (usually

with scissors and

paper)

I cut this ad outof the newspaper.

dosomeone/somethingover beat up, ransack (BrE,

informal)

He's lucky to be alive. His shop

was done overby a street gang.

do something over do again (AmE) My teacher wants me to domy

essay overbecause she doesn't like

my topic.

do away withsomething discard It's time to do away with all of

these old tax records.

do something up fasten, close Do your coat upbefore you go

outside. It's snowing!

dress up wear nice clothing It's a fancy restaurant so we have

to dress up.

drop back move back in a

position/group

Andrea dropped back to third place

when she fell off her bike.

drop in/by/over come without an

appointment

I might drop in/by/over for tea

sometime this week.



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dropsomeone/somethingoff take

someone/something

somewhere and leave

them/it there

I have to dropmy sister off at work

before I come over.

drop out quit a class, school etc I dropped outof Science because it

was too difficult.

eat out eat at a restaurant I don't feel like cooking tonight.

Let's eat out.

end up eventually

reach/do/decide

We ended uprenting a movie

instead of going to the theatre.

fall apart break into pieces My new dressfell apart in the

washing machine.

fall down fall to the ground The picture that you hung up last

night fell downthis morning.

fall out separate from an

interior

The money must have fallen outof

my pocket.

fall out (of hair, teeth) become

loose and unattached

His hair started to fall out when he

was only 35.

figure something out understand, find the

answer

I need to figure out how to fit the

piano and the bookshelf in this

room.



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fill something in to write information in

blanks, as on a form

(BrE)

Please fill in the form with your

name, address, and phone number.

fill something out to write information in

blanks, as on a form

(AmE)

The form must be filled out in

capital letters.

fill something up fill to the top I always fill the water jug upwhen it

is empty.

find out discover We don't know where he lives. How

can we find out?

find something out discover We tried to keep the time of the

party a secret, but

Samanthafound it out.

get somethingacross/over communicate, make

understandable

I tried to get my pointacross/over to

the judge but she wouldn't listen.

get along/on like each other I was surprised how well my new

girlfriend and my sistergot

along/on.

get around have mobility My grandfather can get aroundfine

in his new wheelchair.

get away go on a vacation We worked so hard this year that we

had toget away for a week.



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get away withsomething do without being

noticed or punished

Jason alwaysgets away

withcheating in his maths tests.

get back return We got backfrom our vacation last

week.

get something back receive something you

had before

Liz finally gother Science

notes back from my room-mate.

get back at someone retaliate, take revenge My sister got back at me for

stealing her shoes. She stole my

favourite hat.

get back intosomething become interested in

something again

I finally got back into my novel and

finished it.

get on something step onto a vehicle We're going to freeze out here if you

don't let usget on the bus.

get over something recover from an illness,

loss, difficulty

I just got overthe flu and now my

sister has it.

get over something overcome a problem The company will have to close if it

can't get over the new regulations.

get round tosomething finally find time to do

(AmE: get around

tosomething)

I don't know when I am going to get

round towriting the thank you

cards.



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get together meet (usually for social

reasons)

Let's get together for a BBQ this

weekend.

get up get out of bed I got up early today to study for my

exam.

get up stand You should get up and give the

elderly man your seat.

give someone away reveal hidden

information about

someone

His wife gavehim away to the

police.

give someone away take the bride to the

altar

My father gaveme away at my

wedding.

give something away ruin a secret My little sistergave the surprise

partyaway by accident.

give something away give something to

someone for free

The library wasgiving away old

books on Friday.

give something back return a borrowed item I have to givethese skatesback to

Franz before his hockey game.

give in reluctantly stop

fighting or arguing

My boyfriend didn't want to go to

the ballet, but he finally gave in.

give something out give to many people They weregiving out free perfume



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(usually at no cost) samples at the department store.

give something up quit a habit I am giving upsmoking as of

January 1st.

give up stop trying My maths homework was too

difficult so Igave up.

go after someone follow someone My brother tried to go after the thief

in his car.

go after something try to achieve

something

I went after my dream and now I

am a published writer.

go against someone compete, oppose We are going against the best

soccer team in the city tonight.

go ahead start, proceed Please go ahead and eat before the

food gets cold.

go back return to a place I have to go back home and get my

lunch.

go out leave home to go on a

social event

We're going outfor dinner tonight.

go out with someone date Jesse has beengoing out withLuke

since they met last winter.



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go over something review Please go overyour answers before

you submit your test.

go over visit someone nearby I haven't seen Tina for a long time. I

think I'llgo over for an hour or two.

go withoutsomething suffer lack or

deprivation

When I was young, we went

without winter boots.

grow apart stop being friends over

time

My best friend and I grew

apart after she changed schools.

grow back regrow My roses grew back this summer.

grow up become an adult When Jackgrows up he wants to be

a fireman.

grow out ofsomething get too big for Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes

because she has grown out of her

old ones.

grow into something grow big enough to fit This bike is too big for him now, but

he shouldgrow into it by next year.

hand somethingdown give something used to

someone else

I handed my old comic

booksdown to my little cousin.

hand something in submit I have to hand in my essay by

Friday.



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hand something out to distribute to a group

of people

We will hand out the invitations at

the door.

hand something over give (usually

unwillingly)

The police asked the man tohand

over his wallet and his weapons.

hang in stay positive (informal) Hang in there. I'm sure you'll find a

job very soon.

hang on wait a short time

(informal)

Hang on while I grab my coat and

shoes!

hang out spend time relaxing

(informal)

Instead of going to the party we are

just going tohang out at my place.

hang up end a phone call He didn't say goodbye before

he hung up.

holdsomeone/somethingback prevent from

doing/going

I had to holdmy dog backbecause

there was a cat in the park.

hold something back hide an emotion Jamie held backhis tears at his

grandfather's funeral.

hold on wait a short time Please hold onwhile I transfer you

to the Sales Department.

hold ontosomeone/something hold firmly using your

hands or arms

Hold onto your hat because it's very

windy outside.



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holdsomeone/somethingup rob A man in a black mask held the

bank up this morning.

keep on doingsomething continue doing Keep on stirring until the liquid

comes to a boil.

keep something fromsomeone not tell We kept our relationshipfrom our

parents for two years.

keepsomeone/somethingout stop from entering Try to keep the wet dog out of the

living room.

keep something up continue at the same

rate

If you keepthose results upyou will

get into a great college.

let someone down fail to support or help,

disappoint

I need you to be on time.

Don'tlet me downthis time.

let someone in allow to enter Can you let the cat in before you go

to school?

log in (or on) sign in (to a website,

database etc)

I can't log in to Facebook because

I've forgotten my password.

log out (or off) sign out (of a website,

database etc)

If you don't log off somebody could

get into your account.

look aftersomeone/something take care of I have to look after my sick

grandmother.



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look down onsomeone think less of, consider

inferior

Ever since we stole that chocolate

bar your dad haslooked down

on me.

look forsomeone/something try to find I'm looking fora red dress for the

wedding.

look forward tosomething be excited about the

future

I'm looking forward to the

Christmas break.

look into something investigate We are going tolook into the price

of snowboards today.

look out be careful, vigilant,

and take notice

Look out! That car's going to hit

you!

look out

forsomeone/something

be especially vigilant

for

Don't forget tolook out forsnakes on

the hiking trail.

look something over check, examine Can you look over my essay for

spelling mistakes?

look something up search and find

information in a

reference book or

database

We can look her phone

numberup on the Internet.

look up to someone have a lot of respect

for

My little sister has alwayslooked

up to me.



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make something up invent, lie about

something

Josie made up a story about why we

were late.

make up forgive each other We were angry last night, but

we made up at breakfast.

make someone up apply cosmetics to My sisters mademe up for my

graduation party.

mix something up confuse two or more

things

I mixed up the twins' names again!

pass away die His unclepassed awaylast night

after a long illness.

pass out faint It was so hot in the church that an

elderly ladypassed out.

pass something out give the same thing to

many people

The professorpassed the

textbooks outbefore class.

pass something up decline (usually

something good)

I passed up the job because I am

afraid of change.

pay someone back return owed money Thanks for buying my ticket.

I'll payyou back on Friday.

pay for something be punished for doing

something bad

That bully willpay for being mean

to my little brother.



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pick something out choose I picked outthree sweaters for you

to try on.

pointsomeone/somethingout indicate with your

finger

I'll point my boyfriend outwhen he

runs by.

put something down put what you are

holding on a surface or

floor

You can put the groceries downon

the kitchen counter.

put someone down insult, make someone

feel stupid

The studentsput the substitute

teacher downbecause his pants were

too short.

put something off postpone We are putting off our trip until

January because of the hurricane.

put something out extinguish The neighboursput the

fire outbefore the firemen arrived.

put somethingtogether assemble I have to putthe cribtogether before

the baby arrives.

put up

withsomeone/something

tolerate I don't think I can put up withthree

small children in the car.

put something on put

clothing/accessories on

your body

Don't forget toput on your new

earrings for the party.



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run intosomeone/something meet unexpectedly I ran into an old school-friend at the

mall.

run oversomeone/something drive a vehicle over a

person or thing

I accidentallyran over your bicycle

in the driveway.

run over/throughsomething rehearse, review Let's run over/throughthese lines

one more time before the show.

run away leave unexpectedly,

escape

The child ran away from home and

has been missing for three days.

run out have none left We ran out of shampoo so I had to

wash my hair with soap.

send something back return (usually by

mail)

My letter gotsent back to me

because I used the wrong stamp.

set something up arrange, organize Our boss set a meeting up with the

president of the company.

set someone up trick, trap The police set up the car thief by

using a hidden camera.

shop around compare prices I want to shop around a little before

I decide on these boots.

show off act extra special for

people watching

He alwaysshows off on his

skateboard



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(usually boastfully)

sleep over stay somewhere for the

night (informal)

You shouldsleep overtonight if the

weather is too bad to drive home.

sort something out organize, resolve a

problem

We need to sortthe bills outbefore

the first of the month.

stick to something continue doing

something, limit

yourself to one

particular thing

You will lose weight if youstick

to the diet.

switch something off stop the energy flow,

turn off

The light's too bright. Could

you switch itoff.

switch something on start the energy flow,

turn on

We heard the news as soon as

we switched onthe car radio.

take after someone resemble a family

member

I take after my mother. We are both

impatient.

take something apart purposely break into

pieces

He took the car brakes apartand

found the problem.

take something back return an item I have to takeour new

TVback because it doesn't work.

take off start to fly My plane takes off in five minutes.



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take something off remove something

(usually clothing)

Take off your socks and shoes and

come in the lake!

take something out remove from a place or

thing

Can you takethe garbage outto the

street for me?

take someone out pay for someone to go

somewhere with you

My grandparentstook us out for

dinner and a movie.

tear something up rip into pieces I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letters

and gave them back to him.

think back remember (often + to,

sometimes + on)

When I think back on my youth, I

wish I had studied harder.

think something over consider I'll have to thinkthis job

offerover before I make my final

decision.

throw somethingaway dispose of We threw our old

furnitureaway when we won the

lottery.

turn something down decrease the volume or

strength (heat, light

etc)

Please turn the TV down while the

guests are here.

turn something down refuse I turned the jobdown because I

don't want to move.



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turn something off stop the energy flow,

switch off

Your mother wants you toturn the

TV offand come for dinner.

turn something on start the energy, switch

on

It's too dark in here. Let's turnsome

lights on.

turn something up increase the volume or

strength (heat, light

etc)

Can you turnthe music up? This is

my favourite song.

turn up appear suddenly Our cat turned up after we put

posters up all over the

neighbourhood.

try something on sample clothing I'm going to trythese jeans on, but I

don't think they will fit.

try something out test I am going totry this new brand of

detergent out.

use something up finish the supply The kids usedall of the

toothpaste up so we need to buy

some more.

wake up stop sleeping We have towake up early for work

on Monday.

warmsomeone/somethingup increase the

temperature

You can warmyour feet up in front

of the fireplace.



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warm up prepare body for

exercise

I always warm up by doing sit-ups

before I go for a run.

wear off fade away Most of my make-up wore

off before I got to the party.

work out exercise I work out at the gym three times a

week.

work out be successful Our planworked outfine.

work something out make a calculation We have towork out the total cost

before we buy the house.

Part 2

2.1 Basic-Arithmetic

Averages Numbers HCF amd LCF Ration and Proportions Profit ans Loss Square root and Cube root Chain Rule Area Percentage Decimal Fraction Simplification



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Profit and Loss

Formulas

IMPORTANT FACTS

Cost Price:

The price, at which an article is purchased, is called its cost price, abbreviated as C.P.

Selling Price:

The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated as S.P.

Profit or Gain:

If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have a profit or gain.

Loss:

If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have incurred a loss.

IMPORTANT FORMULAE

1. Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.) 2. Loss = (C.P.) - (S.P.) 3. Loss or gain is always reckoned on C.P. 4. Gain Percentage: (Gain %)

Gain % =

Gain x 100

C.P.

5. Loss Percentage: (Loss %)

Loss % =

Loss x 100

C.P.

6. Selling Price: (S.P.)

SP =

(100 + Gain %) x C.P

100

7. Selling Price: (S.P.)

SP =

(100 - Loss %) x C.P.

100

8. Cost Price: (C.P.)

C.P. =

100 x S.P.

(100 + Gain %)

9. Cost Price: (C.P.)

C.P. =

100 x S.P.

(100 - Loss %)

10. If an article is sold at a gain of say 35%, then S.P. = 135% of C.P.



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11. If an article is sold at a loss of say, 35% then S.P. = 65% of C.P. 12. When a person sells two similar items, one at a gain of say x%, and the other at a loss of x%,

then the seller always incurs a loss given by:

Loss % =

Common Loss and Gain %

2 =

x

2 .

10 10

13. If a trader professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses false weights, then

Gain % =

Error x 100

%. (True Value) - (Error)

1. Alfred buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700 and spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he sells the scooter

for Rs. 5800, his gain percent is:

A. 4 4 %

7

B. 5 5

% 11

C. 10% D. 12%

Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Cost Price (C.P.) = Rs. (4700 + 800) = Rs. 5500.

Selling Price (S.P.) = Rs. 5800.

Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.) = Rs.(5800 - 5500) = Rs. 300.

Gain % =

300 x 100

% = 5

5 %

5500 11

View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum

2. The cost price of 20 articles is the same as the selling price of x articles. If the profit is 25%, then

the value of x is:

A. 15 B. 16

C. 18 D. 25


Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Let C.P. of each article be Re. 1 C.P. of x articles = Rs. x.

S.P. of x articles = Rs. 20.

Profit = Rs. (20 - x).

20 - x x 100 = 25

x

2000 - 100x = 25x

125x = 2000

x = 16.



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3. If selling price is doubled, the profit triples. Find the profit percent.

A. 66 2

3

B. 100

C. 105 1

3

D. 120


Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Let C.P. be Rs. x and S.P. be Rs. y.

Then, 3(y - x) = (2y - x) y = 2x.

Profit = Rs. (y - x) = Rs. (2x - x) = Rs. x.

Profit % =

x x 100

% = 100% x


4. In a certain store, the profit is 320% of the cost. If the cost increases by 25% but the selling price

remains constant, approximately what percentage of the selling price is the profit?

A. 30% B. 70%

C. 100% D. 250%


Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Let C.P.= Rs. 100. Then, Profit = Rs. 320, S.P. = Rs. 420.

New C.P. = 125% of Rs. 100 = Rs. 125

New S.P. = Rs. 420.

Profit = Rs. (420 - 125) = Rs. 295.

Required percentage =

295 x 100

% =

1475 % = 70% (approximately).

420 21


5. A vendor bought toffees at 6 for a rupee. How many for a rupee must he sell to gain 20%?

A. 3 B. 4

C. 5 D. 6


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

C.P. of 6 toffees = Re. 1

S.P. of 6 toffees = 120% of Re. 1 = Rs. 6



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5

For Rs. 6

, toffees sold = 6. 5

For Re. 1, toffees sold =

6 x 5

= 5. 6

. The percentage profit earned by selling an article for Rs. 1920 is equal to the percentage loss

incurred by selling the same article for Rs. 1280. At what price should the article be sold to make

25% profit?

A. Rs. 2000 B. Rs. 2200

C. Rs. 2400 D. Data inadequate


Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Let C.P. be Rs. x.

Then, 1920 - x

x 100 = x - 1280

x 100 x x

1920 - x = x - 1280

2x = 3200

x = 1600

Required S.P. = 125% of Rs. 1600 = Rs.

125 x 1600

= Rs 2000. 100


7. A shopkeeper expects a gain of 22.5% on his cost price. If in a week, his sale was of Rs. 392,

what was his profit?

A. Rs. 18.20 B. Rs. 70

C. Rs. 72 D. Rs. 88.25


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

C.P. = Rs.

100 x 392

= Rs.

1000 x 392

= Rs. 320 122.5 1225

Profit = Rs. (392 - 320) = Rs. 72.


8. A man buys a cycle for Rs. 1400 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the

cycle?

A. Rs. 1090 B. Rs. 1160

C. Rs. 1190 D. Rs. 1202


Answer: Option C



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Explanation:

S.P. = 85% of Rs. 1400 = Rs.

85 x 1400

= Rs. 1190 100


9. Sam purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each one of them at

the rate of Rs. 33. What was his percentage profit?

A. 3.5 B. 4.5

C. 5.6 D. 6.5


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Cost Price of 1 toy = Rs.

375

= Rs. 31.25 12

Selling Price of 1 toy = Rs. 33

So, Gain = Rs. (33 - 31.25) = Rs. 1.75

Profit % =

1.75 x 100

% =

28 % = 5.6%

31.25 5


10. Some articles were bought at 6 articles for Rs. 5 and sold at 5 articles for Rs. 6. Gain percent is:

A. 30% B. 33 1 %

3

C. 35% D. 44%


Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Suppose, number of articles bought = L.C.M. of 6 and 5 = 30.

C.P. of 30 articles = Rs.

5 x 30

= Rs. 25. 6

S.P. of 30 articles = Rs.

6 x 30

= Rs. 36. 5

Gain % =

11 x 100

% = 44%. 25

11. On selling 17 balls at Rs. 720, there is a loss equal to the cost price of 5 balls. The cost price of a

ball is:

A. Rs. 45 B. Rs. 50

C. Rs. 55 D. Rs. 60


Answer: Option D

Explanation:



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(C.P. of 17 balls) - (S.P. of 17 balls) = (C.P. of 5 balls)

C.P. of 12 balls = S.P. of 17 balls = Rs.720.

C.P. of 1 ball = Rs.

720

= Rs. 60. 12


12. When a plot is sold for Rs. 18,700, the owner loses 15%. At what price must that plot be sold in

order to gain 15%?

A. Rs. 21,000 B. Rs. 22,500

C. Rs. 25,300 D. Rs. 25,800


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

85 : 18700 = 115 : x

x =

18700 x 115

= 25300. 85

Hence, S.P. = Rs. 25,300.


13. 100 oranges are bought at the rate of Rs. 350 and sold at the rate of Rs. 48 per dozen. The

percentage of profit or loss is:

A. 14 2 % gain

7

B. 15% gain

C. 14 2 % loss

7

D. 15 % loss


Answer: Option A

Explanation:

C.P. of 1 orange = Rs.

350

= Rs. 3.50 100

S.P. of 1 orange = Rs.

48

= Rs. 4 12

Gain% =

0.50 x 100

% =

100 % = 14

2 %

3.50 7 7


14. A shopkeeper sells one transistor for Rs. 840 at a gain of 20% and another for Rs. 960 at a loss of

4%. His total gain or loss percent is:

A. 5 15

% loss 17

B. 5 15

% gain 17

C. 6 2 % gain

3

D. None of these


Answer: Option B



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Explanation:

C.P. of 1st transistor = Rs.

100 x 840

= Rs. 700. 120

C.P. of 2nd transistor = Rs.

100 x 960

= Rs. 1000 96

So, total C.P. = Rs. (700 + 1000) = Rs. 1700.

Total S.P. = Rs. (840 + 960) = Rs. 1800.

Gain % =

100 x 100

% = 5

15 %

1700 17


15. A trader mixes 26 kg of rice at Rs. 20 per kg with 30 kg of rice of other variety at Rs. 36 per kg

and sells the mixture at Rs. 30 per kg. His profit percent is:

A. No profit, no loss B. 5%

C. 8% D. 10%

E. None of these


Answer: Option B

Explanation:

C.P. of 56 kg rice = Rs. (26 x 20 + 30 x 36) = Rs. (520 + 1080) = Rs. 1600.

S.P. of 56 kg rice = Rs. (56 x 30) = Rs. 1680.

Gain =

80 x 100

% = 5%. 1600

Average

Formulas

1. Average:

Average =

Sum of observations

Number of observations

2. Average Speed:

Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x kmph and an equal distance at y kmph.

Then, the average speed druing the whole journey is

2xy

kmph. x + y

1. In the first 10 overs of a cricket game, the run rate was only 3.2. What should be the run rate in

the remaining 40 overs to reach the target of 282 runs?

A. 6.25 B. 6.5



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C. 6.75 D. 7


Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Required run rate =

282 - (3.2 x 10)

= 250

= 6.25 40 40


2. A family consists of two grandparents, two parents and three grandchildren. The average age of

the grandparents is 67 years, that of the parents is 35 years and that of the grandchildren is 6

years. What is the average age of the family?

A. 28 4

years 7

B. 31 5

years 7

C. 32 1

years 7

D. None of these


Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Required average

=

67 x 2 + 35 x 2 + 6 x 3

2 + 2 + 3

=

134 + 70 + 18

7

=

222

7

= 31

5 years.

7


3. A grocer has a sale of Rs. 6435, Rs. 6927, Rs. 6855, Rs. 7230 and Rs. 6562 for 5 consecutive

months. How much sale must he have in the sixth month so that he gets an average sale of Rs.

6500?

A. Rs. 4991 B. Rs. 5991

C. Rs. 6001 D. Rs. 6991


Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Total sale for 5 months = Rs. (6435 + 6927 + 6855 + 7230 + 6562) = Rs. 34009.

Required sale = Rs. [ (6500 x 6) - 34009 ]

= Rs. (39000 - 34009)

= Rs. 4991.




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4. The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than zero?

A. 0 B. 1

C. 10 D. 19


Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Average of 20 numbers = 0.

Sum of 20 numbers (0 x 20) = 0.

It is quite possible that 19 of these numbers may be positive and if their sum is a then 20th

number is (-a).


5. The average weight of 8 person's increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of

them weighing 65 kg. What might be the weight of the new person?

A. 76 kg B. 76.5 kg

C. 85 kg D. Data inadequate

E. None of these


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Total weight increased = (8 x 2.5) kg = 20 kg.

Weight of new person = (65 + 20) kg = 85 kg. 6. The captain of a cricket team of 11 members is 26 years old and the wicket keeper is 3 years

older. If the ages of these two are excluded, the average age of the remaining players is one year

less than the average age of the whole team. What is the average age of the team?

A. 23 years B. 24 years

C. 25 years D. None of these


Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Let the average age of the whole team by x years.

11x - (26 + 29) = 9(x -1)

11x - 9x = 46

2x = 46

x = 23.

So, average age of the team is 23 years.



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7. The average monthly income of P and Q is Rs. 5050. The average monthly income of Q and R is

Rs. 6250 and the average monthly income of P and R is Rs. 5200. The monthly income of P is:

A. 3500 B. 4000

C. 4050 D. 5000


Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Let P, Q and R represent their respective monthly incomes. Then, we have:

P + Q = (5050 x 2) = 10100 .... (i)

Q + R = (6250 x 2) = 12500 .... (ii)

P + R = (5200 x 2) = 10400 .... (iii)

Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get: 2(P + Q + R) = 33000 or P + Q + R = 16500 .... (iv)

Subtracting (ii) from (iv), we get P = 4000.

P's monthly income = Rs. 4000.


8. The average age of husband, wife and their child 3 years ago was 27 years and that of wife and

the child 5 years ago was 20 years. The present age of the husband is:

A. 35 years B. 40 years

C. 50 years D. None of these


Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Sum of the present ages of husband, wife and child = (27 x 3 + 3 x 3) years = 90 years.

Sum of the present ages of wife and child = (20 x 2 + 5 x 2) years = 50 years.

Husband's present age = (90 - 50) years = 40 years.


9. A car owner buys petrol at Rs.7.50, Rs. 8 and Rs. 8.50 per litre for three successive years. What

approximately is the average cost per litre of petrol if he spends Rs. 4000 each year?

A. Rs. 7.98 B. Rs. 8

C. Rs. 8.50 D. Rs. 9


Answer: Option A

Explanation:



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Total quantity of petrol

consumed in 3 years

=

4000 +

4000 +

4000

litres 7.50 8 8.50

= 4000

2 +

1 +

2

litres 15 8 17

=

76700

litres 51

Total amount spent = Rs. (3 x 4000) = Rs. 12000.

Average cost = Rs.

12000 x 51

= Rs. 6120

= Rs. 7.98 76700 767


10. In Arun's opinion, his weight is greater than 65 kg but less than 72 kg. His brother doest not

agree with Arun and he thinks that Arun's weight is greater than 60 kg but less than 70 kg. His

mother's view is that his weight cannot be greater than 68 kg. If all are them are correct in their

estimation, what is the average of different probable weights of Arun?

A. 67 kg. B. 68 kg.

C. 69 kg. D. Data inadequate

E. None of these


Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Let Arun's weight by X kg.

According to Arun, 65 < X < 72

According to Arun's brother, 60 < X < 70.

According to Arun's mother, X

B + C = (43 x 2) = 86 ....(iii)

Adding (ii) and (iii), we get: A + 2B + C = 166 .... (iv)

Subtracting (i) from (iv), we get : B = 31.

B's weight = 31 kg.


12. The average weight of 16 boys in a class is 50.25 kg and that of the remaining 8 boys is 45.15 kg.

Find the average weights of all the boys in the class.

A. 47.55 kg B. 48 kg

C. 48.55 kg D. 49.25 kg


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Required average

=

50.25 x 16 + 45.15 x 8

16 + 8

=

804 + 361.20

24

=

1165.20

24

= 48.55


13. A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. The average number

of visitors per day in a month of 30 days beginning with a Sunday is:

A. 250 B. 276

C. 280 D. 285


Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Since the month begins with a Sunday, to there will be five Sundays in the month.

Required average

=

510 x 5 + 240 x 25

30

=

8550

30

= 285


14. If the average marks of three batches of 55, 60 and 45 students respectively is 50, 55, 60, then

the average marks of all the students is:

A. 53.33 B. 54.68



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C. 55 D. None of these


Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Required average

=

55 x 50 + 60 x 55 + 45 x 60

55 + 60 + 45

=

2750 + 3300 + 2700

160

=

8750

160

= 54.68


15. A pupil's marks were wrongly entered as 83 instead of 63. Due to that the average marks for the

class got increased by half (1/2). The number of pupils in the class is:

A. 10 B. 20

C. 40 D. 73


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Let there be x pupils in the class.

Total increase in marks =

x x 1

= x

2 2

x = (83 - 63)

x = 20 x= 40.

2 2

Problems on H.C.F and L.C.M

Formulas

1. Factors and Multiples:

If number a divided another number b exactly, we say that a is a factor of b.

In this case, b is called a multiple of a.

2. Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.) or Greatest Common Measure (G.C.M.) or Greatest Common Divisor (G.C.D.):

The H.C.F. of two or more than two numbers is the greatest number that divides each of them

exactly.

There are two methods of finding the H.C.F. of a given set of numbers:

I. Factorization Method: Express the each one of the given numbers as the product of prime factors. The product of least powers of common prime factors gives H.C.F.



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II. Division Method: Suppose we have to find the H.C.F. of two given numbers, divide the larger by the smaller one. Now, divide the divisor by the remainder. Repeat the

process of dividing the preceding number by the remainder last obtained till zero is

obtained as remainder. The last divisor is required H.C.F.

Finding the H.C.F. of more than two numbers: Suppose we have to find the H.C.F.

of three numbers, then, H.C.F. of [(H.C.F. of any two) and (the third number)] gives

the H.C.F. of three given number.

Similarly, the H.C.F. of more than three numbers may be obtained.

3. Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.):

The least number which is exactly divisible by each one of the given numbers is called their

L.C.M.

There are two methods of finding the L.C.M. of a given set of numbers:

I. Factorization Method: Resolve each one of the given numbers into a product of prime factors. Then, L.C.M. is the product of highest powers of all the factors.

II. Division Method (short-cut): Arrange the given numbers in a rwo in any order. Divide by a number which divided exactly at least two of the given numbers and carry

forward the numbers which are not divisible. Repeat the above process till no two of

the numbers are divisible by the same number except 1. The product of the divisors

and the undivided numbers is the required L.C.M. of the given numbers.

4. Product of two numbers = Product of their H.C.F. and L.C.M. 5. Co-primes: Two numbers are said to be co-primes if their H.C.F. is 1. 6. H.C.F. and L.C.M. of Fractions:

1. H.C.F. = H.C.F. of Numerators

L.C.M. of Denominators

2. L.C.M. = L.C.M. of Numerators

H.C.F. of Denominators

8. H.C.F. and L.C.M. of Decimal Fractions:

In a given numbers, make the same number of decimal places by annexing zeros in some

numbers, if necessary. Considering these numbers without decimal point, find H.C.F. or L.C.M.

as the case may be. Now, in the result, mark off as many decimal places as are there in each

of the given numbers.

9. Comparison of Fractions:

Find the L.C.M. of the denominators of the given fractions. Convert each of the fractions into

an equivalent fraction with L.C.M as the denominator, by multiplying both the numerator and

denominator by the same number. The resultant fraction with the greatest numerator is the

greatest.

1. Find the greatest number that will divide 43, 91 and 183 so as to leave the same remainder in

each case.

A. 4 B. 7

C. 9 D. 13


Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Required number = H.C.F. of (91 - 43), (183 - 91) and (183 - 43)



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= H.C.F. of 48, 92 and 140 = 4.


2. The H.C.F. of two numbers is 23 and the other two factors of their L.C.M. are 13 and 14. The

larger of the two numbers is:

A. 276 B. 299

C. 322 D. 345


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Clearly, the numbers are (23 x 13) and (23 x 14).

Larger number = (23 x 14) = 322.


3. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 10 and 12 seconds

respectively. In 30 minutes, how many times do they toll together ?

A. 4 B. 10

C. 15 D. 16


Answer: Option D

Explanation:

L.C.M. of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 is 120.

So, the bells will toll together after every 120 seconds(2 minutes).

In 30 minutes, they will toll together

30

+ 1 = 16 times.

2


4. Let N be the greatest number that will divide 1305, 4665 and 6905, leaving the same remainder

in each case. Then sum of the digits in N is:

A. 4 B. 5

C. 6 D. 8


Answer: Option A

Explanation:

N = H.C.F. of (4665 - 1305), (6905 - 4665) and (6905 - 1305)



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= H.C.F. of 3360, 2240 and 5600 = 1120.

Sum of digits in N = ( 1 + 1 + 2 + 0 ) = 4


5. The greatest number of four digits which is divisible by 15, 25, 40 and 75 is:

A. 9000 B. 9400

C. 9600 D. 9800


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Greatest number of 4-digits is 9999.

L.C.M. of 15, 25, 40 and 75 is 600.

On dividing 9999 by 600, the remainder is 399.

Required number (9999 - 399) = 9600. 6. The product of two numbers is 4107. If the H.C.F. of these numbers is 37, then the greater

number is:

A. 101 B. 107

C. 111 D. 185


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Let the numbers be 37a and 37b.

Then, 37a x 37b = 4107

ab = 3.

Now, co-primes with product 3 are (1, 3).

So, the required numbers are (37 x 1, 37 x 3) i.e., (37, 111).

Greater number = 111.


7. Three number are in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 5 and their L.C.M. is 2400. Their H.C.F. is:

A. 40 B. 80

C. 120 D. 200


Answer: Option A



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Explanation:

Let the numbers be 3x, 4x and 5x.

Then, their L.C.M. = 60x.

So, 60x = 2400 or x = 40.

The numbers are (3 x 40), (4 x 40) and (5 x 40).

Hence, required H.C.F. = 40.


8. The G.C.D. of 1.08, 0.36 and 0.9 is:

A. 0.03 B. 0.9

C. 0.18 D. 0.108


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Given numbers are 1.08, 0.36 and 0.90. H.C.F. of 108, 36 and 90 is 18,

H.C.F. of given numbers = 0.18.


9. The product of two numbers is 2028 and their H.C.F. is 13. The number of such pairs is:

A.

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