PP_less_V_chopra
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Microbe Challenge
July 25, 2011Sloan C
Workshops
Vimlarani Chopra, PhD
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Objectives• What is microbiology? • What are microorganisms? • How tiny are bacteria? • How do we identify
microorganisms? • Are they our friends or foes? • Are they present every where? • What are some disease causing
organisms?
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Microbiology• The study of organisms too small to be
seen without magnification• Microorganisms include:
Bacteria (unicellular)Viruses (acellular)Fungi (multicellular)Protozoa (unicellular)Helminthes (worms) Algae (multicellular)10, 000 to 500,000 X
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How tiny is bacteria? • An individual bacterium is very tiny. • One or two micrometers across. • Micro means 1/000,000 (one-millionth), they are commonly
one millionth of a meter in diameter. • A meter is 39.37 inches (3.33 inches longer than a yard). How many bacteria lying snugly side-by-side would it take to
reach one meter?• About one million lying side by side to reach one meter, or
500,000 if they were 2 micrometers wide. • Bacteria divide every 12 to 20 minutes (1:2:4:8...........).
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Microbial Dimensions
• Microorganisms are measured in micrometers.
• Viruses are measured in nanometers
• Worms are measured in millimeters.
• 300 years of contributions
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Study of Microorganisms• Identification of
Bacteria Stain the bacteria Three shapes Culture Bacteria Use DNA based tools Binomial (scientific)
nomenclature
• Naming Bacteria Gives each microbe 2 names:
Genus - noun, always capitalizedspecies - adjective, lowercase
Both italicized or underlinedStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)Escherichia coli (E. coli)
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)• First to observe living
microbes• Single-lens magnified up to
300X• Disproved the early belief
that some forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter (flies from manure, etc)
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Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
• Many diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body and not by sins, bad character, or poverty, etc.
• Showed microbes caused fermentation and spoilage
• Developed pasteurization• Demonstrated what is now
known as Germ Theory of Disease
• Developed a rabies vaccine9
What do Microorganisms do?• Live on astonishing variety of places and live on every
food you can imagine• Nutrient production and energy flow• Decomposition• Biotechnology
production of foods, drugs and vaccines
• Genetic engineering• Bioremediation• Infectious disease world wide 2000 microbes 10 B new infections / year 13 M deaths from infections / year
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• How to grow bacteria? • How to grow bacteria
colonies? • How to count bacteria? • Study the effect of pH on
household bacteria. • Study the effect of temperature
on bacteria growth. • Study the effect of antibiotics
on bacteria count.• Study the effect of light on
bacteria growth.
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• Study the effect of UV light on bacteria growth?
• Study Bacteria classification. • How can we control the growth
of anaerobic bacteria? • How can we control the growth
of aerobic bacteria? • Study the effect of different
nutrients on bacteria growth. • How fast do the bacteria grow?
Conclusion • All microorganisms are not disease
causing microbes commonly known as pathogens.
• Many are our dear friends recycle waste matter and help us salvage our mother Earth.
http://en.yupis.org/game-YIPy/#playhttp://en.yupis.org/games/viral-vendetta/
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqOVYpkZ0qs&feature=related