PPB Assessment Philippine PGRFA

8/14/2019 PPB Assessment Philippine PGRFA

1/49

Review of FFSFor on-farm conservation and sustainable use ofplant genetic resources for food and agriculture


2/49

An Introduction to SEARICE 32 year old regional non-government organization

Established as part of anti-dictatorship movement

in Southeast Asia in the late 70s

Worked on issues such as civil liberties, humanrights, worked with farmers, fisher folk,indigenous people in SEA

1989: focused on community based conservationand sustainable use of plant genetic resources forfood and agriculture (seeds)

With practical/field work and policy, advocacycampaigning work from local to international level


3/49

Where SEARICE worksWhere SEARICE worksBHUTAN29 geogs of 206 total geog(8%) in 8 provinces

LAO PDR 36 villages in 4 provinces

PHILIPPINES72 communities in 6provinces (North Cotabato,

Bohol, Sultan Kudarat,Bukidnon, Negros Oriental,Misamis Oriental)

THAILAND26 villages in 2 provinces

VIETNAM335 communities in 13provinces of Mekong Delta222 communities in 13provinces in North and CentralVN in 26 provinces of total 76


4/49

Farmer Partners

Farmer organizations -established thru SEARICEfield work with institutionalpartners e.g.13 farmer networks in

Nan, Thailand + 181individual farmers

e.g. 325 seed clubs inMekong Delta

57 BUCAP clubs in North &central Vietnam

Womens group in Bhutan

Local farmers union, youthunion & womens union inVietnam

Farmer cooperatives inVietnam


5/49

Institutional Partners

Genebanks e.g. National Biodiversity Centre,Bhutan

Research & Plant Breeding Institutions e.g. all ofthe four Renewable and Natural ResourcesResearch Centres of Bhutan (RNRRC), NARC, LaoPDR, MDI in Cantho University, Vietnam

Academe - e.g. Champassak Agriculture College,CVSCAFT, monk schools, primary to tertiaryschools

Extension agencies under the Department ofAgriculture of Lao PDR & Bhutan

Plant Protection Department of VietnamSeed Centres & Varietal Testing Centres Vietnam

NGOs e.g. Oxfam Solidarity Belgium in Lao PDR,AKKAP, Bohol Network for Farmers Rights

Local government units e.g. District Agriculture

Offices in Bhutan, Provincial Agriculture &Forestry Offices in Lao PDR, Peoples Committeein Vietnam, DARD, Vietnam


6/49

Marke

t

Subsistence

Commercial

Ecosystem/ProductionSystem

Vietnam

(Mekong Delta,Hanoi, QuangNam)

Bhutan (Paro,Thimpu)

Laos

(Vientianne)Bohol

Sultan KudaratBukidnon

Vietnam (BacKanh)Bhutan

Thailand (Nan))

Marginal

Favourable

Agro-ecological and EconomicAgro-ecological and Economic

Context of SEARICE Field WorkContext of SEARICE Field Work

Vietnam (Hue)

Laos (Luang

Prabang)


7/49

Ministry ofAgriculture and

Forestry

Department ofAgriculture

BUCAP-Lao

Provincial

Agriculture& Forestry

AgricultureResearch

Centre

Agricultural Colleges

Savanakhet

VientianeProvince

LuangPrabang

Champassak

PlantProtectionCentre

OxfamB

SEARICE

NAFRI

Institutional Formation: Multi-stakeholder set-up in Lao PDR


8/49

Why Plant Genetic

Resources for Foodand Agriculture?


9/49

Importance of plant geneticresources

Component of SA 24% of Philippine population

depend on rice for livelihood 20% of Filipinos depend on corn

for food (1996)

Inheritance from previousgeneration and from othercultures chili - South America potato - from the Andes lemon - only citrus that came out

of Asia from Jamaica guava - Latin America coffee Africa (Ethiopia) Bitungol native of India and

Madagascar, reached thePhilippines via Singapore in 1915

Anonas from South America


10/49

Importance of plantgenetic resources

Source of food, fuel, medicine, shelter, clothes

Represent potentially valuable but as yetunknown resources

Alupag (Litchi chinensis philippinensis)-adapted to warm climate

Tabu (Willughbeia

edulis)_

- vine in Palawan (fruits

like mangosteen in taste)

Alingaro (Elaeagnus

philippinensis)

- fruits for jelly, jam,

preserves


11/49

Bago (Gnetum gnemon)

Nut eaten boiled, roasted ormade into chips,young shootsas vegetables

Binucao (Garcinia binucao)or batuan

Medinilla magniflora

- Expensive ornamentalin EuropeTongkat Ali (Palawan)


12/49

Natural Colored Potato Chips of the Andes

Colored Sweet Potato chips in the Philippines?


13/49

Only in the Philippines


14/49

Importance of PGRFA

North America, Europe and Australia is93% dependent on 20 major food crop

which came from the developingcountries

Value of third world crop genes for USfarmers per annum (1998) Sorghum: $12 MWheat: $500 MCorn: $1.3 TRice: $118 M


15/49

What are the

issues/concerns on PlantGenetic Resources for

Food and Agriculture?


16/49

Biological Issue

Rapid loss ofplant genetic

resources(crop conversion, landconversion, foodpreferences, new trends(e.g. biodiesel),deforestation, mining,programs and policies,changing agriculturalpractices (e.g. 3500 ricevarieties to 80% traced tosingle cytoplasm CINA)

RESPONSE toPGR loss:putup genebanks

BUT: manycollectionshave not beenused fully inlocal breedingprograms

WHY? Plant

breeders tend touse favoredexisting cultivarsto generate newones because theyneed to have

results soon (formarket demands,

PREFERENCE: adaptationthrough selection ratherthan generate new

variability ormaintenance of

loss inutilizing richgeneticresources(diverseseeds)

narrowergenetic baseslower gain

in plantbreedingincreased

risk of cropvulnerability


17/49

SomeBiological Concern

Increased incidence of pestresistance and resurgence ofdiseases due to crop and geneticuniformity1970: only around 50 known crop

pests1999: more than 500 known pests

Deteriorating state of agro-

ecosystem due to intensive useand massive use of chemicalinputs

Deterioration of water qualitywith increasing level of pesticide

toxicity


18/49

Politics of plant

genetic resources

Intellectual

Property Rights

Corporate

agriculture

Market

integration


19/49

Source: ETC Group, 2008


20/49


21/49


22/49


23/49


24/49


25/49


26/49


27/49


28/49


29/49

Socio-economic Issues

DisempoweredFarming CommunitiesAgricultural

tenancy

TRENDS: SEED TECHNOLOGY


30/49

Traditional

Seeds

HYVs Hybrid

Seeds

GMOs GURTS

(terminator)

Seed savingcan be saved

and re-planted

Can be saved

and re-planted

Can be saved

and re-planted

but quality

deteriorates

Encourage use

of fresh seeds

every season

Coupled with

hybrid

technology

Preference for

use of fresh

seeds every

season

No seed

saving (sterile

seeds)

Developer Farmers Publicresearch

institution

Public

research

institution

Corporations

Corporations

Public

research

institution

(testing)

Corporations

FarmersAccess

Farmer tofarmer Extensionagents/govt

program

Seed industry/Corporations

through

research and

extension

system

Seed industry/corporations

through

research and

extension

system

TRENDS: SEED TECHNOLOGY


31/49

Traditional

Seeds

HYVs Hybrid

Seeds

GMOs GURTS

(terminator)

Breeding

process

Natural selection

Off-typeselection

composites

heterogenous

With

hybridization +

dwarfing gene

Different

techniques

Homogenous

population

Large scale

hybridization

No further

selection from

F1

homogenous

Gene

technology

(geneticengineering)

homogenous

gene

technology

Adaptation Site specific For wideadaptation in

prime areas

For wide

adaptation for

prime areas but

with site

specific

responses

Wide

adaptation

wide adaptation

Role of

women

Seed keeper Seed keeper ? ? ?


32/49

Farmerssupply bulk ofseeds

Supplies 80-

90% of seedrequirement

informal seed

system byfarmers

Photo: CBDC-Nan

Remains

untapped, not

priority area

Act al partition of rice seed s ppl in Vietnam


33/49

Actual partition of rice seed supply in Vietnam

Formal sector

Seed Centers and

State-owned

Enterprises

Informal sector

Farm-saved seed

Local Tradingand Exchange

Private companies

The total seedrequirement

From Presentation ofMichael Turner,

armers conserve seeds in their own


34/49

armers conserve seeds in their own

ousehold


35/49

Farmers as

seed keepersOf good seed quality

(comparable to registeredseeds)

E.g. Lao PDR government sourcesfrom farmers

Brasil local and national governmentpurchase seeds from farmers fordistribution

Study in Bohol Philippinescomparing seed purity and seedquality of certified seeds, registeredseeds and farmers seeds of thesame varietyComparable quality as certified seeds

Photo: Consumer International

Farmers as keepers of diverse seeds


36/49

Farmers as keepers of diverse seeds


37/49

Farmers as Keepersof Diverse Seeds

Indigenous communities inPhilippines have minimum 72

crops per area

Sri Lankan farms 12 rootcrops+ vegetables

Photo: Pumpkins of SriLankan farmer


38/49

Ferns Taro Leeks


39/49

Balanced Nutrition from a World Heritage Site: Banaue Rice Terraces, Ifugao,

Philippines

Snails

Watercress Sweet potato

Vegetables

Rice


40/49

Farmers as keepers of

agricultural knowledge

systems

of value to future research on crop

and agricultural improvementof value in creating agricultural

systems that can adapt to climate

changes

Quinoa


41/49

Pholo: USC Canada


42/49

Photo: USC Canada


43/49

Photo: USC Can


44/49

Photo: USC Canada


45/49

Photo: USC Canada


46/49


47/49


48/49


49/49

PPB Assessment Philippine PGRFA

Documents

Transcript of PPB Assessment Philippine PGRFA