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PPA 573 – Emergency Management and Homeland Security Lecture 1b – Models of Emergency...
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Transcript of PPA 573 – Emergency Management and Homeland Security Lecture 1b – Models of Emergency...
Introduction
An impressive amount of attention has been given to the future of emergency management.Numerous calls for a broader view of emergency management.The most recognized academic paradigms and policy guides include disaster-resistant communities, disaster resilient communities, and sustainable development and sustainable hazards mitigation.
Introduction
Most fail because they ignore comprehensive emergency management or they ignore vulnerability as a central concept.
Comprehensive Emergency Management
Advantages– Acknowledges diverse disaster agents.– Acknowledges functional similarities among
disasters.Disadvantages– Focus on hazards ignores social, political, cultural,
etc. variables.– Limited focus on managers, first responders, and
public officials.
Disaster-resistant Community
Advantages.– Exemplary focus on mitigation to reduce degree of loss.– Marketability (given project impact from FEMA).
Disadvantages.– Applies only to extreme natural disasters.– Ignores social, political, and cultural triggering agents.– Does not cover all functional areas (preparedness and
response).– Excludes most actors other than urban planners and
engineers.
Disaster-resilient Community
Advantages.– Recognizes that not all hazards can be anticipated
and efforts should be directed to recovery.– Captures the social variables.– Includes social science actors other than engineers.
Disaster-resilient Community
Disadvantages.– May not be concerned with all triggering agents.– Too strong a focus on natural disasters.– Paradigm may be too reactive.– May imply return to normalcy, rather than a reduction
in vulnerability.
Sustainable Development and Sustainable Hazards Mitigation
Advantages.– Focus on the importance of a shift in culture to reduce
vulnerability.– Notes the importance of process for disaster reduction.– Promotes an understanding about how response and
recovery can retard development or reduce the probability of future disasters.
– Incorporates many of the variables in disaster reduction.
Sustainable Development and Sustainable Hazards Mitigation
Disadvantages.– Sustainability is related to extreme natural disasters, but less
so to other types of disasters.– Sustainable development may be more relevant to mitigation
and recovery than preparedness and response.– Sustainable development may not be relevant to all
emergency management actors.– Sustainability appears to be related to a limited number of
disciplines.
Comprehensive Vulnerability Management
Holistic and integrated activities directed toward the reduction of emergencies and disasters by diminishing risk and susceptibility and building resistance and capacity.– Risk – the likelihood of physical loss.– Susceptibility – social, cultural, political, etc. vulnerability to
disaster.– Resistance – infrastructure ability to withstand physical
destruction.– Resilience – community ability to respond and recover based
on preparedness.
Comprehensive Vulnerability Management
Advantages.– Related to all types of triggering events.– Related to each of the four areas of emergency
management.– Related to the majority of actors involved in disaster
reduction.– Related to the wide array of disaster-inducing or
disaster intensifying variables.