PowerPoint Presentation...Soil Mix • Very important • Do not use soil from the garden – Holds...
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Spring Webinar Series 2018 2 p.m. CST
Transcript of PowerPoint Presentation...Soil Mix • Very important • Do not use soil from the garden – Holds...
Spring Webinar Series
20182 p.m. CST
Upcoming Webinars
• March 14 – The Health Benefits of Gardening– Julie Garden-Robinson, Food and Nutrition Specialist
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FSMA Produce Safety Grower Training Workshop
– April 5, 8 am to 5 pm
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– Trainers: Connie Landis-Fisk; Holly Mawby; Julie Garden-Robinson
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Gardening in Small SpacesYolanda SchmidtExtension Agent |
Agriculture and Natural Resources
NDSU Extension [email protected]
Masoner, Richard. “Container Garden.” 29 June 2010. Online image. Flickr. 25 April 2017.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Gardening is one of the most popular activities or hobby’s for people around the world. Gardening is something everyone can do– people of different sizes, varying levels of experience growing things, people with disabilities, even children and elderly people. Studies also show that people’s involvement in gardening also helps promote healthy habits. According to the University of Kentucky is it estimated that a 150 pound person working in the garden will burn approximately 350 calories/hour – that’s roughly equates to doing low-impact aerobics, playing softball, or walking at a very brisk pace. Besides the fun of growing things, there are a number of reasons people turn to “small space gardening”: Increasing number of people living in apartments, town homes, and condominiums Lack of space for traditional “in-ground” gardening i.e. decreasing lot sizes
Yolanda SchmidtExtension Agent / Agriculture & Natural ResourcesNORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
Pierce County Courthouse, Suite 4240 2nd Street SERugby, ND 58368
Phone: 701-776-6234 ext. 5
Find us on Facebook at: https://www.facebook.com/NdsuExtensionServicePierceCounty Website:https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/piercecountyextension
Gardening in Small Spaces
Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/canarsiebk/3808146974/
3 Common Methods• Raised bed• Square foot• Container
• Many possibilities!– Clay, wood, plastic, metal
• BUT should be:– Able to support mature
plants– Hold soil without spilling– Have adequate drainage– Never have held products
that would be toxic to plants or people
Container Selection
Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/canarsiebk/3808146974/
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Examples: barrels, flower pots, window boxes, baskets lined with plastic with drainage holes punched in, pieces of drainage or pvc pipe or cinder block. If using wood – try to use rot resistant redwood or cedar *Whatever type of container you use be sure that there are holes in the bottom for drainage so plant roots don’t stand in water. Most plants need containers at least 6-8 inches deep for adequate rooting. For large planters consider placing them on a platform with wheels/castors for ease of moving to take advantage of sunlight or protect from bad weather. A moving cart or dollie can also be used but if the planter is on a wood surface it is helpful to have it raised to prevent rot or staining under the planter (water drainage).
Soil Mix
• Very important• Do not use soil from the
garden– Holds too much moisture
when wet, high clay– Pulls away from pot sides
when dry, crusting– Harbors plant disease
pathogens
• Container medium needs to be light and porous– Roots need air & water
Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/msscacti/3758204257/
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Do not use soil from the garden as it is generally too heavy especially if heavy clay, holds too much moisture when wet, pulls away from pot sides when dry, is prone to crusting and can harbor plant disease pathogens Soil mix is as important as the container itself. Soil mixes will vary but good mixes: -provide essential plant nutrients -hold adequate moisture -allow excess moisture to drain
Soil Mix Recipes
Dave Franzen’s Mix• 1/3 high clay soil• 1/3 kids play sand• 1/3 sphagnum peat moss
Soil Mix 2• 1 part peat moss• 1 part potting soil• 1 part clean coarse
builder’s sand or perlite
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Can add a slow-release complete fertilizer to both mixes.
Watering • Quick to dry out • Daily watering likely
– Possibly more depending on container size, type, and location
• Water until water comes out drainage holes– Don’t want standing water or soggy
soil → root rot
• Group containers (leaf canopy), mulch or use windbreaks
Retrieved from http://fadamorangashop.blogspot.co.uk/2009_05_01_archive.html
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Pay particular attention to watering container plants. Containers can dry out very quickly because volume of soil is relatively small – especially on a concrete patio or near a brick wall in full sun. Daily watering will likely be necessary and in some case 2-3 times/day depending on container size, type (clay) and location. Want to water until it comes out of drainage holes. Soil should never be soggy or have standing water (should be more like a wrung out sponge). Standing water makes plants subject to root rot. Group containers together to help create leaf canopy to shade and cool soil. For hot patios consider putting containers on pallets to allow air movement under pots. Check a minimum of once daily and twice on hot, dry or windy days. Feel soil to determine weather or not it is damp. Mulching and windbreaks can help reduce container garden water requirements
Fertilizing
• No hard & fast rules for container gardens
• Depends on:– Soil mix & if added to mix
• Generally lasts 8-10 weeks
– Types of plants– Type of fertilizer used
• Liquid or granular
• Match fertilizer with kind of plants grown (fruit vs leaf)
• Various formulations – N-P-K
Retrieved from http://www.typodermic.com/garden/fertilizer.html
Presenter
Presentation Notes
There are no hard and fast rules for fertilizing container gardens – depends on type of plants being grown, how they look, how well they are growing, and type of fertilizer used. Some soil mixes have fertilizer added and if this is the case the plants will generally have enough nutrients for 8-10 weeks . Can add 10-10-10 fertilizer or similar per bushel of soil mix at planting to provide a readily available source of nutrients to plants right from the start. The numbers 10-10-10 refers to the composition of a particular mix of fertilizer. The numbers are percentages and the component parts are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), in that order. So 10-10-10 fertilizer contains 10 percent each of these three main nutrients. One of the most widely available fertilizers for home use, 10-10-10 fertilizer is considered an "all purpose" fertilizer. N – Foliage growth. Makes plants grow faster – too much will burn roots and prevent flowering. SLOW RELEASE is best P – Strong roots. Helps plants form new roots, develop seeds, fruits and flowers. Helps plant’s disease resistance. Stays in one spot K – Healthy growth. Help increase disease resistance, promotes stem strength and growth Pale plants are hungry; browning on edges suggest burning Liquid fertilizer (Miracle grow) generally applied every 2 weeks. Granular fertilizers (Osmocote) are generally time released and applied less often. Match fertilizer with kind of plants grown. Plants grown for leaves (lettuce, cabbage) grow best with high nitrogen fertilizers. Plants grown for flowers or fruits (tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, most annual flowers) do best with lower nitrogen fertilizers. Many garden supply stores carry specialty flower or tomato fertilizers. When in doubt use a general all-purpose fertilizer 10-10-10. N -
Light Requirements
Part Sun Veggies (4-6hrs) • Root crops i.e. beets, radish,
carrots• Peas• Cucumber • Lettuce & Spinach• Onion• Winter Squash• Most herbs (6 hrs)
Full Sun Veggies (>6hrs)• Tomatoes• Eggplant• Cabbage• Broccoli• Corn• Beans• Melons• Summer Squash
Plant Spacing• Use spacing
guidelines indicated on seed packet or plant label
• Crowding– Increases competition
for light and nutrients– Also increases
likelihood of disease (air circulation)
Vegetable Type of Container
Beans, Beets, Spinach, Lettuce, Carrots*, Onion
5 gal window box
Tomatoes 1 plant / 5 gal pot
Peppers 1 plant / 2 gal pot
Eggplant 1 plant / 5 gal pot
Cucumber 1 plant / 1 gal pot
Broccoli, Brussel Sprouts, Cabbage
1 plant / 5 gal pot
Plant Selection
• Can grow most annual vegetable in containers
• Some exceptions are:– Corn (pollination)– Vining crops such as pumpkin,
squash, melons• Small fruited cultivars• Bush varieties (compact)
• Determinate tomato cultivars work best Retrieved from http://www.gardenality.com/Articles/119/Plants/Vegetables/Growing-
Tomatoes/default.html
Container Gardening Advantages
• Grow plants where in-ground gardening isn’t possible/practical
• Mobile• Control soil composition• Add visual appeal to outdoor
spaces
Retrieved from https://pigletinportugal.com/tag/growing-fruit-trees-in-containers/
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Presentation Notes
Grow plants where in-ground gardening not possible – i.e. patios, balconies, decks, porches, and rooftops Mobile – can move them from one place to another to take advantage of changing weather. i.e. if frost is forecast can move to frost-free location Control soil composition – make a mix using right ingredients to ensure optimal fertility, water holding capacity, and good drainage Add visual appeal to outdoor spaces -
Container Gardening Challenges
• Frequent watering– Nutrient leaching– Increased fertilizer– “Baby-sitter” if on vacation
• More expensive– Containers– Soil mix components– Frequent watering & fertilizing
• Container Weight• Only suitable for certain crops
Presenter
Presentation Notes
While container gardening allows most plants to be grown almost anywhere outdoors and has numerous advantages, container gardening does have some drawbacks to be aware of. Increased water requirements – depending on container size you may have to water multiple times/day when weather is hot, dry, or windy. Frequent watering can lead to nutrient leaching so fertility levels will need to be watched. Will also need a baby-sitter for plants when on vacation since they will need daily watering. More Expensive - Need to buy containers and soil mix components (should replace soil annually), plus frequent watering and nutrient leaching leads to increased fertilizing. Container Weight – large containers with 5 or more gallons of soil can be quite heavy especially when wet. This can make them difficult to move and can cause problems if there are several on a balcony, roof, or deck. Only suitable for certain crops – Growth requirements of some crops are best suited to in-ground growth. i.e. sweet corn, large-fruited vining crops such as winter squash, zucchini, and pumpkin (some bush varieties available and can do well)
Other Small Space Options
Square Foot
Malec, Dan. “Raised Herb Bed.” 26 May 2012. Online Image. Flickr. 26 April 2017. https://www.flickr.com/photos/7272988@N03/7280008676/
Raised Bed
Retrieved from http://pygmypuffsandheffalumps.blogspot.com/2012/05/tale-of-two-gardens.html
References• Durham, R.E., & Hill, D.B. (2010) Gardening in Small Spaces Retrieved from
http://www.uky.edu/hort/sites/www.uky.edu.hort/files/documents/smspgardening.pdf
• Harrison, H.C. (1996) Container Gardening Retrieved from http://learningstore.uwex.edu/assets/pdfs/A3382.pdf
• Polomski, B. (1999) Container Vegetable Gardening Retrieved from http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/plants/vegetables/gardening/hgic1251.html
• Masoner, Richard. “Container Garden.” 29 June 2010. Online Image. Flickr. 25 April 2017. https://www.flickr.com/photos/bike/4753073846/in/photolist-8f1Kg5-bzaMUS-ahKpT7-eWmf2U-eWmeZ5-9LHfCj-fDbzES-eWmewC-fd8j3b-9n2iHr-abtRiN-eWmePL-6okdpF-eWmeAQ-eWme53-83LNqs-eWme8q-eW9Qwx-7Ynptr-ePrPaR-a8uVoG-6rQZdh-9LEtyi-eW9QsR-eWmf7N-eWmfbs-fd8jfW-6NffAf-eW9QDc-eWmeuL-fR3aBN-c6fMvy-c6fFK1-6ETPQz-o9w3hN-fd8jFb-eWmf6w-83HDea-6ETPDM-jrLjV-fR3gh9-jrLfs-9WMu9Q-87d4kA-87d6kw-cT92oN-c6fGjj-c6fLDQ-eW9PRg-c6fMJU
• Malec, Dan. “Raised Herb Bed.” 26 May 2012. Online Image. Flickr. 26 April 2017. https://www.flickr.com/photos/7272988@N03/7280008676/
• Fertilizer Bag [Digital Image] Retrieved from http://www.typodermic.com/garden/fertilizer.html
References ContinuedWatering Plants [Digital Image] Retrieved from http://fadamorangashop.blogspot.co.uk/2009_05_01_archive.html
Determinate Tomato [Digital Image] Retrieved from http://www.gardenality.com/Articles/119/Plants/Vegetables/Growing-Tomatoes/default.html
Terra cotta Tomato [Digital Image] Retrieved from https://pigletinportugal.com/tag/growing-fruit-trees-in-containers/
Potting Mix Sandbox [Digital Image] Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/msscacti/3758204257/
Lieberman, Mike. “Backyard Vegetable Garden in Brooklyn.” 9 August 2009. Online image. Flickr. 27 April 2017 https://www.flickr.com/photos/canarsiebk/3808146974/
Bernadette, Rachel. “Small Gardens.” 6 June 2009. Online Image. Flickr. 27 April 2017 https://www.flickr.com/photos/canarsiebk/3808146974/
Square Foot Garden [Digital Image] Retrieved from http://pygmypuffsandheffalumps.blogspot.com/2012/05/tale-of-two-gardens.html
Unbalanced Scale [Digital Image] Retrieved from https://openclipart.org/detail/221718/unbalanced-scale-silhouette
Questions?www.ag.ndsu.edu/fieldtofork
