Powerpoint Presentation Petrophysics
Transcript of Powerpoint Presentation Petrophysics
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Core Analysis
Petrophysics presentation on:
Members:
Naomi Jobson
Xavier luna
Gregory Men!etishi
Jubril A"e!anmbi#eth $ari!ari
George %&eoma %srael
M#c Petroleum 'ngineering
**+* #ession ,ecturer: -r. Pe"ro/ -ia0
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Content
1. Overview What is NMR Historical development The importance of NMR Basic principles
2. Methodology and
nstr!mentation". NMR #ogging nterpretation
$. %ore &i'e (istri)!tion
*. %ermea)ility
+. #ow Resistivity Reservoir
,val!ation
-. NMR Hydrocar)on Typing
. /oncl!sion
0. Recommendations
1. References
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1hat is NMR2
*. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
. %t is a techni3ue use" in
4ormation evaluation (core
analysis/ that is to "etermine
porosity/ permeability an" poresi0e "istribution.
5. %t e6amines the behaviour o4
nuclear spins by manipulating
them in magnetic 4iel"s.
7igure *b: Geospec NMR %nstrument
7igure *a: 8vervie o4 Geospec e3uipment.
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9istorical -evelopment
*. %t as "iscovere" in *;< an"
recogni0e" in *=s
. ,e" to the "evelopment o4 Nuclear>
Magnetic>,ogging (NM,) tools in the
early *
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The Importance of NMR
B NMR provi"es in4ormation about the "i44erent 4lui"s present
in the 4ormation (ater an" "i44erent oil types have
"istinctive NMR signals).B Non "estructive / both in organic an" inorganic materials/
that is human+reservoir system.B Can measure all petrophysical "ata system.B ery economical to buil"up an" to use.
? D transverse rela6ation time o4 the pore
4lui" as measure" by a
CPMG (CPMG: names) se3uence.
?* D the measure" longitu"inal rela6ation
time o4 the pore 4lui"
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%nstrumentation an" Metho"ology.
B Magnet 4or generating magnetic 4iel"s.B 9y"rogen ions 4rom the hy"rogen contenting compoun"s
in the core. e.g. 98 9E E 89>
B Magnetic moment .B 'lectrical supply in the magnetic core.
7igure . Far magnet
Magnetic 4iel"s
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B atomic nuclei are charge" particles .B 9y"rogen contain atomic nuclei.B atomic nuclei possess a 3uantum mechanical
property calle" spin angular momentum .B ?his property ma!es the nucleus spins aroun"
an imaginative a6is .
B the spinning motion causes a magnetic momentthat is co>linear ith the "irection o4 the spin
a6is .B in the absence o4 an e6ternally applie"
magnetic 4iel"/ the in"ivi"ual magnetic moment
align ran"omly an" stable .
B %n the present o4 an e6ternal magnet 4iel"/ themagnetic moment align parallel an" antiparallel
to the magnetic 4iel" Fo.
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B *9 nuclei (protons) contain a high magnetic moment/
that ma!es it the i"eal nucleus 4or NMR logging an"
NMR imaging in ra"iology.B ?he energy "i44erent beteen the parallel an"
antiparallel magnetic moment 4orms a net bul!
magneti0ation that align parallel to Fo.B NMR techni3ue can only "etect the net bul!
magneti0ation arising here.
B 7or a signal to be "etecte" by the NMR ,ogging/ a
state o4 resonance nee"s to be attaine".B Resonance means alternating absorption an"
"issipation o4 energy .B 'nergy absorption arises 4rom ra"io4re3uency (R7)
perturbation .B 'nergy "issipation is me"iate" by rela6ation
processes.B R7 can be consi"ere" as another magnetic 4iel" o4
strength F* perpen"icular to F as shon in 7igure ;
Methodology and Instrumentation cont’d
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7igure 5b: #hoing #pin>'cho (or 9ahn>'cho)
7igure 5a : Magnetic spin
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NMR Logging Interpretation
*. ? "istributions provi"e some very use4ulin4ormation about reservoir>roc! an" >4lui"
properties an" it constitutes the basic
outputs "isplaye" on an NMR log.
. ? "istributions compute" 4rom NMR echo
"ata are use" to compute NMR total/
boun">4lui"/ an" 4ree>4lui" porosities/ an"
also are use" 4or permeability an"
reservoir>3uality estimation.
5. %n ater>saturate" roc!s/ ? "istributions
are 3ualitatively lin!e" to pore>si0e
"istributions.
;. ?he short ? values in a ? "istribution are
associate" ith signals 4rom ater in small
pores/ meanhile the longer ? values
matches to signals 4rom ater in larger
pores.
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Determination of Porosity and Pore
Size Distriution from NMR Core
*. Core in4ormation receive" about the basic pore si0e "istribution4rom the NMR core analysis/ enable a number o4 use4ul
petrophysical parameters to be easily calculate".
. ?he integral o4 all the ?s (area un"er the curve) gives the total
porosity hen compare" to the signal 4rom a !non re4erence.
5. A4ter centri4uging the core an" repeating the NMR measurements/
the integral o4 the secon" "ata is the irre"ucible 4lui" (F%)/ hilethe "i44erence beteen the to is the 7ree 7lui" %n"e6 (77%).
7igure ;: -etermination o4 F% an" 77% 4rom
log plot
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NMR Core Permeaility !nalysis
B Fase" on theoretical mo"els
B ?he 7ree>7lui" or Coates mo"elB 7ormations containing ater an"+or hy"rocarbons
B ?he Mean ? mo"el ("evelope" by #hlumberger)
B 7ormations containing ater only.
B Re3uires matching ? to a H"ynamicI pore si0e estimator.
B Mercury %n&ection Capillary Pressure (ResultDsynthetic Pc curve)
ba
XXms BVI
FFI C KmD
⋅
=
1.
φ
( )k m D C T L M a
b
( ) . .=
2 1 0 0
φ
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"#aluating from NMR
Calibration o4 mo"el
7igure =b: Coates Mo"el
an" #-R Mo"el
7igure =a: ,ayout o4
NMR ,ogging tool.
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Lo$ Resisti#ity Reser#oir "#aluation
*. A Gul4 o4 Me6ico ell is
use" as an e6ample toillustrate the evaluation
o4 a lo resistivity
reservoir using MR%,.
. ?he reservoir core as
ma"e up o4 a massive>
me"ium>to 4ine graine"san"stone.
5. ?he upper portion o4
the reservoir (0one A)
ha" higher resistivity
than the loer portion
(0one F)/ beteen *>
.= ohm>m.
;. ?he "ecrease in
resistivity in the loer
portion o4 the reservoir
as the main concern.
7igure
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Core %ydrocaron Typing Simulation
7igure @a: ater an" light oil simulation
e44ects on ? "istribution.
7igure @b: ater/ light oil an" gas
7igure @c: '44ect o4 viscosity
an" ettability o4 the oil
signal in a ? "istribution
*. %t is "i44icult to "istinguish the native oil>base" mu" 4iltrate because o4 the mi6ture o4
these to !in"s o4 oil an" their NMR
signals.
. 1hen ater/ light oil/ an" gas occupy the
same pore system in the 4ormation roc!s
(4ig. )/ both light oil an" gas coul" be
"etecte" through their ,ongitu"inal contrast
(?*).
5. #imulation result shos that roc!s are
probably not completely oil>et some are
o4 interme"iate an"+or mi6e" ettability.
;. %4 a 4ormation contains mi6e" ettability/
"i44erentiating beteen oil an" ater
presents "i44iculty (4rom simulation).
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Conclusions
NMR logging as 4irst intro"uce" "uring the *precession measurements in the 'arthIs
magnetic 4iel".
?he proper use o4 NMR technology re3uires goo" communication
beteen oil an" service companies to ensure that logging ob&ectives an"
"ata>3uality e6pectations are met.
?here are uni3ue an" poer4ul stan"alone NMR 4ormation evaluation
metho"s available 4or evaluating 4lui" types/ saturations/ an" porosities
in comple6 reservoirs. A""itionally/ NMR logs provi"e estimates o4
boun"> an" 4ree>ater volumes/ oil viscosities/ an" 4ormation
permeabilities sub&ect to the caveats.
%n comple6 reservoirs/ NMR an" other log "ata shoul" be integrate" ith
all other available reservoir in4ormation (e.g./ especially "ata 4rom 4lui">
sampling an" pressure tools an" core "ata) to provi"e the most accurate
picture o4 the reservoir.
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Annie Cottis/ Peter ,oc! K ?ony Farro/ (**)/ NMR Basics to Expert
User, eat!er"or#$abs.com. Presentation ma"e at Geological #ociety
,on"on/ Picca"illy.
Fen"el/ P./ (*)/ Journal o4 Magnetic Resonance. %pi&'ec!o atte&(atio&b) #i""(sio& i& &o&'(&i"orm "ie$# *ra#ie&ts. ol. =*=.
George/ R. C./ et al (*)/ NMR Lo**i&* +ri&cip$es a pp$icatio&s.
Lnite" #tates o4 America: 9alliburton 'nergy #ervices.
References
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