Eradication Efforts

1995

150,000 cases annually

2012

Eradicated

It was all of those.

100 million

So, what are we doing?

The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

AB 32

Energy efficiency, which helped to flatten the state’s per capita energy use will continue to be the keystone of CA’s energy strategy – IEPR, Energy Commission, 2007

BEHAVIOR CHANGE IN K-12 SCHOOLS

• Over 1,000 k-12 CA schools since 1996 • STEM-based energy efficiency education

• Student-driven savings: 5-15% reduction in energy consumption

Schools Present Unique Challenges • School culture can feel intractable

• Staff often overworked, & under-resourced • Multi-use facilities • Energy costs are invisible

Students are the key to measurable change

Curriculum Integration

Energy Audits

Recommendations

Making Efficiency Come To Life

Social Science Research or…

Behavior Intervention Strategies that make

Efficiency Stick

Commitment

• Strategies that encourage commitment to executing an action by a specific date • Goal-setting

• Begin with small commitments Example: Energy-saving pledges

Feedback

• Strategies that involve providing frequent energy use information • Can include periodic information about

o Energy consumption o Energy costs o Social benchmarking

Example: Monthly Energy Savings Reports

Follow-through

• Strategies that remind individuals to make good on their stated intention or commitment • Provide prompts or reminders

• Ask individuals to create their own energy reduction plan Example: Holiday Shut-down Checklist

In-person Interactions • Strategies include face-to-face connections between individuals and trusted members of the community • Encourage desired behavior through credible, familiar messengers • Model behavior Example: Student Presentations

Rewards or Gifts

• Strategies that reward achievement or willingness to engage in a behavior, and which encourage reciprocity • Rewards in recognition of reciprocal success, escalating incentives, and competition Example: Classroom Energy Patrols

Social Norms

• Strategies that leverage the power of “normal” • Presenting EE behaviors as commonly accepted and widely adopted Example: Energy Savings Leaderboard

Multi-pronged Strategies

• The most effective strategies leverage more than one type of intervention to affect behavior • Combine frequent feedback with rewards and social comparison • Activate cognitive dissonance via a commitment (pledge) Example: PowerDown Challenge

PowerSave Results

• 563 schools enrolled since 2008

• 8.5% average energy reduction

• 40,044 mWhs saved

• $5.7 million in avoided costs

None of this counts toward CA utility energy efficiency goals. But…

What Is An Energy Efficiency Resource?

• Resource programs are those that “are capable of yielding energy and demand side savings that can displace electricity generation from supply-side resources.” (ACEEE) • Subjected to strict EM&V

Perception: Savings from behavior programs are unreliable and hard to quantify

If behavior programs lower energy use, why

aren’t they counted as a resource?

Who did it?

We need to develop targeted, measurable behavior

interventions that yield predictable results.

EM&V

--ACEEE

EMV demonstrates the value of energy efficiency programs by providing accurate, transparent and consistent assessments of their methods and performance.

Social Science Strategies

• Commitment (asking to do an EE action; setting savings goals)

• Feedback (giving periodic relevant information)

• Follow-through (provide reminders; help develop a plan)

• In-person interactions (especially through a trusted messenger)

• Rewards & Gifts (prizes based on performance)

• Social Norms (provide comparison to group)

• Multi-pronged Strategies (combine intervention techniques for greater impact)

Best Practices

• Student engagement

• Data & feedback

• Progress Reports

• Awards & Honors

“Soft” Benefits of Behavior Programs

• Fostering student leadership,

• Engaging homes and communities

• Inspiring new educational and career pathways,

• Generating culture change,

• Creating stronger bonds between teachers, custodial and facilities staff and students;

• Giving disadvantaged students a sense of agency.

• Creating an energy-literate generation to lead the future

Theory & Logic

“Working without a program logic model is akin to driving in an unknown country without an adequate roadmap; even if you are lucky enough to get to your destination, you won’t be able to trace how you got there.” --Paving the Way…

Key requirements of EM&V

• Ensure that there are before and after metrics

• Include a comparison control group of people not receiving the new intervention.

Utility Manager

• 12-month benchmarking

• Normalized for weather & square footage

• Single variable regression

• Adjustments for changes in load

RCT

RED

IPMVP’s Option C

Option C

• Specifying all independent variables (including weather, building occupancy, set points, etc.) • Preferable to use multi-variant regression: use an energy tracking system that can take

into account multiple variables

• Establishing the statistical validity of the regression models.

• Delineating a plan for data collection, including sources and frequency.

• Using whole-year data sets to avoid overstating seasonal variations.

• Track site changes unrelated to the Energy Conservation Measures in order to perform savings adjustments.

Interval Data

Three reasons

• Utilities are already investing in behavior programs that yield savings. They deserve credit for the energy savings programs that they fund.

• Recognizing the resource aspect of behavior programs will allow utilities to offer more support for school-based behavior programs, by unleashing more dollars.

• This would allow students to be actively, publicly involved in helping to achieve the states’ efficiency goals.

North Penn SD: 2013 Energy Star Partner of the Year

Saved 28%; $1.1million in costs