PowerPoint Presentation - Imaginationcase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-1.pdf“An Inconvenient...
-
Upload
nguyentram -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of PowerPoint Presentation - Imaginationcase.edu/artsci/cogs/LSA-6jul09-1.pdf“An Inconvenient...
LSA 119
Mental spaces and conceptual blendingGilles Fauconnier & Mark Turner155 Donner LabMW 10:30-12:15
http://blending.stanford.eduhttp://markturner.orghttp://cogsci.ucsd.edu/[email protected]@cogsci.ucsd.edu
1Wednesday, July 8, 2009
The Cognitive Science Network• Not for profit • Pro Bono• Never takes copyright
6Wednesday, July 8, 2009
The Cognitive Science Network• Not for profit • Pro Bono• Never takes copyright• Authors can upload papers, search, and download
papers uploaded by authors free
6Wednesday, July 8, 2009
The Cognitive Science Network• Not for profit • Pro Bono• Never takes copyright• Authors can upload papers, search, and download
papers uploaded by authors free• Posting a working paper does not count as
publication
6Wednesday, July 8, 2009
The Cognitive Science Network• Not for profit • Pro Bono• Never takes copyright• Authors can upload papers, search, and download
papers uploaded by authors free• Posting a working paper does not count as
publication• Authors can at any time remove their papers, or
leave the abstract and a link
6Wednesday, July 8, 2009
The Cognitive Science Network• Not for profit • Pro Bono• Never takes copyright• Authors can upload papers, search, and download
papers uploaded by authors free• Posting a working paper does not count as
publication• Authors can at any time remove their papers, or
leave the abstract and a link• Papers can be posted in any language so long as
there is a translation into English of the Title and the Abstract
6Wednesday, July 8, 2009
The riddle of the Buddhist MonkA Buddhist monk begins at dawn one day walking up a mountain, reaches the top at sunset, meditates at the top overnight until, at dawn, he begins to walk back to the foot of the mountain, which he reaches at sunset. Make no assumptions about his starting or stopping or about his pace during the trips. Riddle: is there a place on the path which the monk occupies at the same hour of the day on the two separate journeys?
18Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Projection to the Blended Space
Input Space 1 Input Space 2
d
d
1
2
a
a
1
2
a '1
a '2
d'
24Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Emergent Meaning in the Blended Space
Input Space 1 time t' (day d )
Input Space 2time t' (day d )
d d1 2
a a1 2
a '1a '2
d'1 2
Blended Spacetime t' (day d')
25Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Mental Spaces and BlendingTerms familiar from the field of cognitive linguistics
• mental spaces• conceptual structure• connections, relations, mappings, projections,
matching, fictive structure• frames, scripts, models• identity, role-value, category, analogy, similarity,
counterfactuality, negation, metonymy, synechdoche, apostrophe, catachresis, figure, metaphor, . . .
• relational networks of form-meaning pairs• relation of conceptual structure and cognitive
operations to grammar• . . . .
27Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Mental Spaces and BlendingBut fundamental differences . . .
• nature of meaning and language• compression• emergent structure
28Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Mental Spaces and BlendingImportant corrections
• Conceptual connection and blending are• basic, not special• not costly• mostly run in backstage cognition,
almost never visible to consciousness, too complicated for consciousness
29Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Mental Spaces and BlendingImportant corrections
• Conceptual connection and blending are• mostly not supplemental to putative
cognitive operations (creativity, metonymy, counterfacuality, metaphor, . . .) but rather, for the most part, the source of these phenomena
30Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Mental Spaces and BlendingImportant corrections
• Conceptual connection and blending are• as far as we have been able to
determine, available across all conceptual domains
31Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Mental Spaces and BlendingImportant corrections
• Although conditions in any particular behavior - such as discourse, presentation, language, gesture, art, - can be consequential for particular integration networks, those conditions are not starting points for analyzing the operations of mental space networks and blending. The basic mental operations are general over all these conditions.
32Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Mental Spaces and BlendingImportant corrections
• Blending is a basic mental operation that works over conceptual networks of many different shapes, sizes, forms, and natures. It is not represented by any particular diagram with a certain number of spaces in a certain array and a certain dynamic development.
35Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Coming into existence
special case
person p carrying object o in sling
Location 1
Carrying + container
Location 2
Stork flying
Location 1
Location 2
FlyingStork
Person p with object o in container c at Location 1
Person p with object o in container c at Location 2
p carries o in c
Birth of baby
time
Newborn who can hold its head up, hold rattle, smile, wear diaperBaby old
enough to hold its head up, hold rattle, smile, wear diaper
special case
Flying Stork/person with baby/object in diaper/sling/carrier at location 1
Stork/person with baby/object in sling/carrier arrives at location of parents
carries
Air travel
person flying
43Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Orange county's predicament
O C
bankrupt
BEGGAR frame
beggar
poor
bangs ontin cupasks for help
beggar /OC
poor /bankrupt
bangs ontin cup
Orange county
O C
wealthy
RICH PERSON frame
person
wealthy
born withsilver spoon
person /OC
wealthy
hassilver spoon
rich beggar /OC
poor /bankrupt /wealthy
bangs ontin cup
WITHsilver spoon
44Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Legendary general
Napoleon
Waterloo
Wellington
Napoleon (son)
undefeated
Napoleon wins at Waterloo
Alexander
son like father
son
fatherAlexander (father, undefeated)
Waterloo
Napoleon, like Alexander, is undefeated
Napoleon loses at Waterloo
ANALOGY
DISANALOGY
46Wednesday, July 8, 2009
boss •
Input to Blend 1
Blend 1
Input to Blend 2
Blend 2
Megablend
• •
•
worker •
• daughter
• father
Ann/boss
worker
father/Max
daughter
Ann
•
Max
Ann/boss worker/daughter
father/Max
47Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Health Movies
Vampires
HeatEmotion
Body
Horror Movies Story of Emotion and Body
Blend Blend
48Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Mental Spaces and BlendingBut fundamental differences . . .
• nature of meaning and language• compression• emergent structure
49Wednesday, July 8, 2009
An Inconvenient Truth“An Inconvenient Truth” is the film version of Al Gore’s slide-show presentation on global warming. Close to the end, Gore shows a picture of the Earth as a what he calls a “pale blue dot.” The Earth is a single pixel on a huge cosmological screen, difficult even to pick out when he points at it. The picture was taken from a distance in space of 4 billion miles. Gore says, “Everything that has ever happened in all of human history has happened on that dot. All the triumphs and tragedies, all the wars and all the famines, all the major advances. That is what is at stake—our ability to live on planet Earth, to have a future as a civilization.”And then he concludes the film with this blend: “Future generations may well have occasion to ask themselves, 'What were our parents thinking? Why didn’t they wake up when they had the chance?’ We have to hear that question from them now.”
50Wednesday, July 8, 2009
The Time Blendat the end of
“An Inconvenient Truth”
And then he concludes the film with this blend: “Future generations may well have occasion to ask themselves, 'What were our parents thinking? Why didn’t they wake up when they had the chance?’ We have to hear that question from them now.”
53Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Linguistic constructions are made available by network projections
“Hicham el-Gerrouj defeated Roger Bannister by 120 yards”
“Hicham el-Gerrouj beat Roger Bannister.”
56Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Fictive InteractionAbrantes, Ana Margarida. Fictive Interaction as an Instance of Theatricality in Cognition. 2009. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1409396Pascual, Esther, E. Królak & Th.A.J.M. Janssen. In preparation. Do-it-yourself compounds: Scenarios set up through fictive interaction. Cognitive Linguistics. Pascual, Esther. 2008. Fictive interaction blends in everyday life and courtroom settings. In A. Hougaard & T. Oakley (eds.). Mental Spaces in Discourse and Interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Pascual, Esther 2008. Text for context, trial for trialogue: An ethnographic study of a fictive interaction blend. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 6: 50-82. Pascual, E. 2006a. Questions in legal monologues: Fictive interaction as argumentative strategy in a murder trial. Text & Talk 26(3): 383-402. Pascual, Esther. 2006b. Fictive interaction within the sentence: A communicative type of fictivity in grammar. Cognitive Linguistics. Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 245–267.Pascual, Esther. 2002. Imaginary Trialogues: Conceptual Blending and Fictive Interaction in Criminal Courts. Utrecht: LOT Dissertation Series 68.57
57Wednesday, July 8, 2009
Mental Spaces and BlendingBut fundamental differences . . .
• nature of meaning and language• compression• emergent structure
58Wednesday, July 8, 2009
LSA 119
Mental spaces and conceptual blendingGilles Fauconnier & Mark Turner155 Donner LabMW 10:30-12:15
http://blending.stanford.eduhttp://markturner.orghttp://cogsci.ucsd.edu/[email protected]@cogsci.ucsd.edu
59Wednesday, July 8, 2009