Wednesday 26th November 2003

‘Weapons of Mass-Destruction’CONFIDENTIAL

Radiological Weapons

•The only main radiological weapon is the ‘Dirty Bomb’

•It is basically a normal bomb, with radioactive material included with the

explosive

•It is important to remember that the explosion isn’t nuclear, although the effects

on people and property are very similar

•The main effects are radiation sickness, which usually leads to death

•These bombs are thought to be the first choice of many terrorists, as they are

relatively easy to acquire components and construct, compared to nuclear bombs etc

Radiological Weapons

The Atomic Bomb

• In 1942 the atomic bomb was developed in the USA to combat the threat of Hitler.

• After the Germans surrendered, research continued in secret.

• It cost nearly $2billion and more than 120,000 people were involved.

• It was named the ‘Manhattan Project’.• On the 16th July 1945 the worlds first atomic bomb test was carried out in New Mexico.

Japan & The Atomic Bomb

• The first Atomic Bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on the 6th August 1945.

• It was dropped from the ‘Enola Gay’ and was nicknamed ‘Little Boy.’

• The strong winds from the blast destroyed all buildings within a 1.5 mile radius and the huge amount of heat emitted burnt everything in its path – including the people of Hiroshima.

• It is estimated that between 140,000 and 200,000 people have died as a result of the bomb.

• Three days later the second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.

• It’s nickname was ‘Fat Man.’• Even though the bomb was larger and more powerful

than ‘Little Boy’ it caused less damage due to the geography of the city.

• Approximately 70,000 died as a result of the bomb.

‘Little Boy’

‘Fat Man’

• Nuclear weapons produce devastating and long-term effects on human and animal life, as well as the environments in which they live. These are the hardest of all types of weapons to make because the critical nuclear elements — plutonium and/or highly enriched uranium — are hard to come by, and are very expensive.

The Effects Of Nuclear Weapons

Delivery Systems• These weapons are most likely to be delivered in the

form of ballistic missiles or bombs dropped by fly-over bombers. Terrorists could also cause accidents involving nuclear power plants, nuclear medicine machines in hospitals and vehicles used in the transportation of nuclear waste.

• The size of an actual nuclear weapon can be quite small, and could easily fit into a large car or truck. That has sparked a fear among many experts that a nuclear warhead could simply be driven into a large city by terrorists and detonated by either a suicide bomber or by remote control.

•The United States has a stockpile of 10,600 nuclear weapons and 103 power plants. Russia has a similar supply. The United Nation's ‘International Atomic Energy Agency’ oversees 900 of the world's nuclear facilities. Pakistan and India have both exploded nuclear devices in test blasts. Israel and North Korea are two countries believed to possess nuclear weapons.•Nuclear weapons continue to be a proliferation concern, particularly when North Korea recently announced it was continuing its nuclear arms program, and withdrew from the ‘International Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty.‘•One worry of the United States is not so much that North Korea itself will use what weapons it has, but that it will have no qualms about selling them to the highest bidder, whether that bidder be a nation such as Iraq, which sponsors terrorism, or individual terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda.

Who Has Them?

One worst-case scenario simulation estimated a one-megaton explosion in Detroit (equivalent to a million tons of TNT) could

kill 250,000 people, injure half a million more, and flatten all buildings within a 1.7

mile radius.

First comes the explosion…

…then comes the aftermath…

– USA– Russia– UK

– France– China

– Pakistan– India

Countries with nuclear weapons are:

Countries suspected of having nuclear weapons:

–Iraq–Libya–Iran

–North Korea–Israel

Biological Weapons

Biological Weapons

Some of the most dangerous types of biological weapons are anthrax and smallpox and fall into category A

Category B are less dangerous and cause minor fatality e.g. Q fever or enterotoxin B

Category C could in the future be very dangerous such as nipah virus or yellow fever

Symptoms vary between each category but each has flu symptoms. They are treated using antibiotics and vaccines.

There are three types of anthrax: skin, lungs and digestive.

It was used as a weapon in 2001 across America with 22 reported cases of anthrax infection

Anthrax is a category A weapon because it poses the greatest possible threat for a bad effect on public health, may spread across a large area or needs public awareness and planning to

protect the public’s health

Anthrax

Chemical Weapons

Chemical Weapons• Chemical weapons are mainly gas based weapons and the use of

them were banned in 1925.

• The first chemical weapon to be used was ‘Mustard Gas’ in WWI. It caused massive bleeding and took a person about 5 weeks to die of poisoning. It is estimated to have affected 1 million soldiers and killed 40,000.

• The most dangerous chemical weapon known is ‘VX’ and attacks the nervous system.

• VX was created in the UK who then traded it the USA for their nuclear weapons programme

• The main effects of VX are spasms, comas and eventually death

• Only America, Russia and France are known to have VX, and it is unlikely ever to be used as a counter attack of nuclear weapons would be likely

Since 1940 the USA has spent $239182430 every day on defence of their country

That works out at approximately $9million an

hour

Or

$166thousand a minute

…they have 10,600 nuclear weapons at their disposal…

…and we’re meant to trust them…?

‘Weapons of Mass-Destruction’ was brought to you by…

“Chemical” Andy Myers

Richard “So Damn Insane” Hall

Simon “Weapon of mass reproduction” Denham

Leigh “Fat Man” Jenkinson

Martin “Little Boy” Cawood