PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view ·...
-
Upload
truongquynh -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
3
Transcript of PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view ·...
![Page 1: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MicrobiologyB.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein
AN INTRODUCTIONEIGHTH EDITION
TORTORA • FUNKE • CASE
Chapter 4, part BFunctional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Cells
![Page 2: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Functions for membranes• Selective permeability allows passage of some
molecules• Movement through the membrane
• Active - requires energy• Passive - no energy involved
• Enzymes for ATP production• Photosynthetic pigments on foldings called
chromatophores or thylakoids
Plasma Membrane
![Page 3: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Damage to the membrane by alcohols, quaternary ammonium (detergents) and polymyxin antibiotics causes leakage of cell contents.
Plasma Membrane
![Page 4: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Passive TransportDiffusion and Osmosis
• Simple diffusion: Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• Facilitative diffusion: Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane.
Movement Across Membranes
![Page 5: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Passive transport
![Page 6: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Movement Across Membranes
Figure 4.17
![Page 7: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Osmosis• Movement of water
across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water.
• Osmotic pressure• The pressure needed to
stop the movement of water across the membrane.
Movement Across Membranes
Figure 4.18a
![Page 8: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Figure 4.18c-e
![Page 9: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Active transport of substances requires a transporter protein and ATP.
• Group translocation of substances requires a transporter protein and PEP.
Movement Across Membranes
![Page 10: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Cytoplasm is the substance inside the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Figure 4.6a, b
![Page 11: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Nuclear area (nucleoid)• Plasmids:
• Small circular loops of DNA not connected to chromosomes
Nuclear Area
Figure 4.6a, b
![Page 12: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ribosomes
Figure 4.6a
![Page 13: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ribosomes
Figure 4.19
50S and 30S subunits making a 70S ribosome
Composed of RNA and protein
![Page 14: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Metachromatic granules (volutin)
• Polysaccharide granules• Lipid inclusions• Sulfur granules• Carboxysomes
• Gas vacuoles• Magnetosomes
Inclusions
•Phosphate reserves
•Energy reserves•Energy reserves•Energy reserves•Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase for CO2 fixation•Protein covered cylinders•Iron oxide (destroys H2O2)
![Page 15: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Resting cells• Resistant to desiccation,
heat, chemicals• Bacillus, Clostridium• Sporulation: Endospore
formation• Germination: Return to
vegetative state
Endospores
![Page 17: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Figure 4.21a
![Page 18: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Eukaryotic Cells
• Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells• Prokaryote comes from the Greek words for
pre-nucleus.• Eukaryote comes from the Greek words for
true nucleus.
![Page 19: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Figure 4.22a
![Page 20: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Flagella and Cilia
Figure 4.23a, b
![Page 21: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Microtubules • Tubulin• 9 pairs + 2 arrangements
Figure 4.23c
Eukaryotic Flagella
![Page 22: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Cell wall• Plants, algae, fungi• Carbohydrates
• Cellulose, chitin, glucan, mannan• Glycocalyx
• Carbohydrates extending from animal plasma membrane
• Bonded to proteins and lipids in membrane
Cell Wall
![Page 23: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Phospholipid bilayer• Peripheral proteins• Integral proteins• Transmembrane proteins• Sterols• Glycocalyx carbohydrates
Plasma Membrane
![Page 24: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Selective permeability allows passage of some molecules
• Simple diffusion• Facilitative diffusion• Osmosis• Active transport• Endocytosis
• Phagocytosis: Pseudopods extend and engulf particles
• Pinocytosis: Membrane folds inward bringing in fluid and dissolved substances
Plasma Membrane
![Page 25: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Cytoplasm Substance inside plasma membrane and outside nucleus
• Cytosol Fluid portion of cytoplasm• Cytoskeleton Microfilaments, intermediate
filaments, microtubules• Cytoplasmic streaming Movement of cytoplasm
throughout cells
Eukaryotic Cell
![Page 26: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Membrane-bound:• Nucleus Contains chromosomes• ER Transport network• Golgi complex Membrane formation and
secretion• Lysosome Digestive enzymes• Vacuole Brings food into cells and provides
support• Mitochondrion Cellular respiration• Chloroplast Photosynthesis• Peroxisome Oxidation of fatty acids;
destroys H2O2
Organelles
![Page 27: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Not membrane-bound:• Ribosome Protein synthesis• CentrosomeConsists of protein fibers and
centrioles• Centriole Mitotic spindle formation
Eukaryotic Cell
![Page 28: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Nucleus
Figure 4.24
![Page 29: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Figure 4.25
![Page 30: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• 80S (Svedberg)
• Membrane-boundAttached to
ER• Free
In cytoplasm• 70S
• In chloroplasts and mitochondria
Ribosomes
![Page 31: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Golgi Complex
Figure 4.26
![Page 32: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Lysosomes
Figure 4.22b
![Page 33: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Vacuoles
Figure 4.22b
![Page 34: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mitochondrion
Figure 4.27
![Page 35: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Chloroplast
Figure 4.28
![Page 36: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Endosymbiotic Theory
Figure 10.2http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/organelles.html
Animation
![Page 37: PowerPoint Presentationfaculty.sdmiramar.edu/dtrubovitz/micro/lect… · PPT file · Web view · 2017-05-12... b Microtubules Tubulin 9 pairs + 2 arrangements ... 11/25/2002 2:35:13](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062908/5aba2dfd7f8b9ab1118b8939/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Endosymbiotic theory2