Chapter 4

Bakeshop Ingredients

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Flours

• Provide bulk and structure to baked goods.• They are produced when grain kernels are

ground to powder.• Grains are grasses that bear edible seeds.• Wheat flour is the most important

ingredient in the bakeshop.

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Flours

• Consist of five nutrients:– Fat (<1%)– Minerals (<1%)– Moisture (<15%)– Starches (63-77%)– Proteins

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Sugars and Sweeteners

• Are carbohydrates• Provide flavor and color and tenderize• Provide food for yeasts• Serve as preservatives and act as creaming

or foaming agents• Are classified as either:

– Simple or single– Complex or double

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Sugars and Sweeteners

• They come in many forms:– Turbinado– Sanding– Granulated– Brown– Superfine or castor– Powdered– Fructose

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Liquid Sweeteners• Achieve the same benefit as sugar except

for leavening– Corn syrup– Glucose– Invert sugar– Honey– Malt– Maple syrup– Molasses

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Fats• Are the general term for lard, butter, margarine,

shortening and oil.• They provide color, add moisture and richness.• They also assist with leavening, help extend shelf

life and produce tender baked goods.• With proper mixing fat particles are distributed

evenly causing fat and liquid to emulsify.

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Fats• Butter is the fatty substance produced by

agitating cream.• Butter contains at least 80% milkfat and

may or may not contain salt.• It comes in many forms:

– Salted butter – European butter– Whipped butter– Clarified butter

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Fats

• Lard is rendered pork fat.• Margarine is manufactured from animal or

vegetable oil.• Any fat is a shortening and tenderizes the

product.

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Milk and Dairy Products• Provide texture, flavor, volume, color and

nutritional value for cooked or baked items.• Highly perishable, milk is an excellent breeding

ground for bacteria.• Pasteurization destroys pathogenic bacteria• Milk can be:

– Whole– Evaporated– Sweetened condensed– Dry powder

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Milk and Dairy Products• Cream is rich milk containing at least 18% fat

– Half-and-half– Light cream, coffee cream and table cream– Whipping cream– Heavy cream– Clotted cream

• Cultured dairy products are produced by adding specific bacteria to fluid dairy products– Buttermilk– Sour cream– Crème fraîche– Yogurt

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Milk and Dairy Products• Cheese is milk protein coagulated and then

separated (whey from curd).• One of the oldest and most widely known foods to

man, cheese comes in various forms:– Fresh– Cream– Farmer’s, baker’s and quark– Mascarpone– Ricotta

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Eggs

• Eggs leaven, flavor, thicken, enrich and tenderize yeast and extend shelf life of some baked goods.– Yolk is the bright yellow portion containing

most of the minerals and vitamins and all the fat.

– Albumen, or egg white, is clear, containing half the protein.

– Chalazae cords anchor the yolk in place.

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Milk and Dairy Products

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Milk and Dairy Products

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Thickeners

• Starches are thickening agents– Cornstarch– Arrowroot– Tapioca

• Gelatins are thickeners derived from collagen– Granulated – Sheet or leaf

On Baking © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.Labensky et al. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

Flavorings• Are used to give baked goods, creams and

confections flavors– Salt– Emulsions and extracts (vanilla)– Coffee– Chocolate– Herbs and spices– Nuts– Alcoholic beverages