PHONETICSPHONETICS

The Beauty of English PhoneticsThe Beauty of English Phonetics•

I take it you already know Of tough and bough and cough and dough? Others may stumble, but not you On hiccough, thorough, slough, and through. Well don't! And now you wish, perhaps, To learn of less familiar traps. Beware of heard, a dreadful word That looks like beard but sounds like bird. And dead: it's said like bed, not bead, For goodness sake don't call it deed! Watch out for meat and great and threat (They rhyme with suite and straight and debt). A moth is not a moth as in mother Nor both as in bother, nor broth as in brother, And here is not a match for there, Nor dear and fear, for bear and pear. And then there's dose and rose and lose-- Just look them up--and goose and choose And cork and work and card and ward And font and front and word and sword And do and go, then thwart and cart, Come, come! I've hardly made a start. A dreadful Language? Why man alive! I learned to talk it when I was five. And yet to write it, the more I tried, I hadn't learned it at fifty-five.

How to identify sounds?How to identify sounds?

International Phonetic AlphabetInternational Phonetic AlphabetCONSONANT DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

[p] stop-plosive consonant, unvoiced as in pet

[b] stop-plosive consonant, voiced as in bet

[t] stop-plosive consonant, unvoiced as in ten

[d] stop-plosive consonant, voiced as in den

[k] stop-plosive consonant, unvoiced as in kit

[g] stop-plosive consonant, voiced as in give

[m] nasal consonant as in me

[n] nasal consonant as in neat

nasal consonant (eng) as in hung

[f] fricative consonant, unvoiced as in feet

[v] fricative consonant, voiced as in vain

[Θ] fricative consonant, unvoiced as in think

fricative consonant, voiced as in then

CONSONANT DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

[s] fricative consonant, unvoiced as in sea

[z] fricative consonant, voiced as in zip

fricative consonant, unvoiced (esh) as in she

fricative consonant, voiced as in azure

[h] fricative consonant, unvoiced as in heat

[l] lateral consonant as in lift

[r] glide as in rose

[j] glide (yot) as in yes

[w] glide, voiced as in were

[hw] glide, unvoiced as in when

combination consonant, unvoiced as in chill

combination consonant, voiced as in jet

Where Are Sounds Formed?Where Are Sounds Formed?

IPA VowelsIPA Vowels

ConsonantsConsonants

Jacob and Wilhelm GrimmJacob and Wilhelm Grimm

  (1785–1863)(1785–1863)   (1786–1859)(1786–1859)

Grimm’s Law: Why Is It Important?Grimm’s Law: Why Is It Important?

Examples of Grimm’s LawExamples of Grimm’s Law• /p/ in the beginning of Indo-

European words turned into /f/ in Germanic languages

• /t/ in the beginning of Indo-European words turned into /th/ in Germanic languages

• /h/ in the beginning of Indo-European words turned into /k/ in Germanic languages

Pur (I/E)- pyr (Latin/Greek)fire

Pitr (I/E) - pater (L/G) - father

Treyes (I/E) -trios (L/G)- threeTonuh (I/E) -tonate (L/G)-

thunder

Korn (I/E) -cornu (L/G) -hornKerd (I/E) -cordis (L/G) -heart

Phonemes and AllophonesPhonemes and Allophones

Phonetics: Where Do We Use It?Phonetics: Where Do We Use It?

CatchwordsCatchwords videos