Powerpoint Obtained from:

Powerpoint Obtained from:

http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy/muscular/Musc_action_flashcards.ppt

Anatomy Muscles Flashcards

Origins and Insertions

Intended for entry level anatomy students



Intended to be viewed as full-screen….

select full-screen, and use “Page Down” to scroll through individual “flashcards” !



Note: Learn origins and insertions of each muscle well.

This is why the bony landmarks are so important.

Do not memorize the function of muscles !

Muscles contract only linearly.

Thus, to know the origin and insertion of a muscle is to know the function.



Note: Every muscle has a multitude of actions.

Listed are the primary actions of each muscle !



Presented in Three Parts:

I – Muscles of Face, head, neck, thorax, and abdomen

II – Muscles of the upper extremity

III – Muscles of the lower extremity



Each card is a set of three:

The first asks to identify the muscle.

The next provides the clues.

The third gives the name of the muscle.

1. Identify this muscle and its action !


• Origin: margin of the orbit

• Insertion: eyelid & skin of face

• Action: closes eye, blink

• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis Oculi


• Origin: Maxilla and mandible

• Insertion: Fibers of the lips

• Action: Compresses lips

• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis oris


• Origin: Zygomatic bone

• Insertion: mandible

• Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”)

• Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)


• Origin: Zygomatic bone

• Insertion: mandible

• Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaws, chewing (“mastication”)

• Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

Masseter


• Origin: manubrium and clavicle• Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone• Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together),

or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only)• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)


• Origin: manubrium and clavicle• Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone• Action: Flexes head at neck (both right and left muscles working together),

or bends neck toward shoulder and turns face away (one-side only)• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Sternocleidomastoid


• Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest• Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible• Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by

drawing it superiorly• Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)


• Origin: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest• Insertion: Inferior surface of mandible• Action: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck by

drawing it superiorly• Innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Platysma


• Origin: Inferior border of rib• Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib• Action: Elevates ribs• Innervation: Intercostal nerves


• Origin: Inferior border of rib• Insertion: Superior border of inferior rib• Action: Elevates ribs• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Hint: External intercostals run in the same direction as your fingers when you put your hands in your pockets

External Intercostals


• Origin: Superior border of inferior rib• Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib• Action: Depresses ribs• Innervation: Intercostal nerves


• Origin: Superior border of inferior rib• Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib• Action: Depresses ribs• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Hint: Internal intercostals run in the direction that your fingers run when you place your hands on your heart (i.e. deep and perpendicular to external intercostal muscles)

Internal Intercostals

Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage

Insertion: inserts on the central tendon.

Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs.

Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)


Respiratory Diaphragm

Origin: originates on the inferior border of the rib cage

Insertion: inserts on the central tendon.

Action: Flattens when it contracts to increase area of thorax and inflate lungs.

Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)



• Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs• Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run when you put your hands in your pockets.


• Origin: External, inferior borders of ribs• Insertion: linea alba and iliac crest• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Note that the muscle fibers run in the direction that your fingers run when you put your hands in your pockets.

External Oblique Abdominus


• Origin: Pubis

• Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process

• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen

• Innervation: Intercostal nerves


• Origin: Pubis

• Insertion: costal cartilages and xiphoid process

• Action: Flex trunk (spine) at hip, compress abdomen

• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Rectus abdominus


• Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae• Insertion: Clavicle and scapula• Action: elevation of scapulae• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)


• Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae• Insertion: Clavicle and scapula• Action: elevation of scapulae• Innervation: Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Trapezius


• Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs

• Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle (humerus

(common insertion with teres major muscle).

• Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder

• Innervation: spinal nerves (C6-C8)


• Origin: vertebral spinous processes, iliac crest, and ribs

• Insertion: Intertubercular groove and lesser tubercle of humerus

(common insertion with teres major muscle).

• Action: Adduction of arm at shoulder

• Innervation: spinal nerves (C6-C8)

Latissimus dorsi

Anterior view

I13. Identify this muscle and its action !

Anterior view


• Origin: Subscapular fossa

• Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus)

• Action: Medial rotation of shoulder

• Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus

Anterior view


• Origin: Subscapular fossa

• Insertion: Lesser tubercle (humerus)

• Action: Medial rotation of arm at shoulder

• Innervation: spinal nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus

Subscapularis(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)

Anterior viewposterior view




• Origin: Supraspinous fossa

• Insertion: Greater tubercle

• Action: abduct arm at shoulder

• Innervation: spinal nerve from brachial plexus



• Origin: Supraspinous fossa

• Insertion: Greater tubercle (humerus)

• Action: abduct arm at shoulder


Supraspinatus(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)



• Origin: Infraspinous fossa


• Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder




• Origin: Infraspinous fossa


• Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder


Infraspinatus(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)

posterior view


posterior view


• Origin: lateral border of scapula


• Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder

• Innervation: Axillary nerve

posterior view


• Origin: lateral border of scapula


• Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder


Teres Minor(1 of 4 rotator cuff muscles)



• Origin: clavicle and scapula

• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus)

• Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder

(similar to supraspinatus)




• Origin: clavicle and scapula

• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity (humerus)

• Action: ab-duct arm at shoulder

(similar to supraspinatus)


Deltoid


• Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum


• Action: flex arm at shoulder

• Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)


• Origin: clavicle, costal cartilage, and sternum


• Action: flex arm at shoulder

• Innervation: Pectoral nerves (spinal nerves from brachial plexus)

Pectoralis major


• Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula)• Insertion: Radial tuberosity• Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow

(a two-joint muscle)• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve


• Origin: Long Head: Supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

Short Head: Coracoid process (scapula)• Insertion: Radial tuberosity• Action: flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm/ hand at elbow

(a two-joint muscle)• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Biceps brachii

Anterior view

Posterior view


Anterior viewPosterior view20. Identify this muscle and its action !

• Origin of Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus

Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus

• Insertion: Olecranon (ulna)

• Action: Extend forearm at elbow

• Innervation: Radial nerve

Anterior viewPosterior view20. Identify this muscle and its action !

• Origin of Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

Medial Head: Posterior, lateral humerus

Lateral Head: Posterior, medial humerus

• Insertion: Olecranon (ulna)

• Action: Extend forearm at elbow

• Innervation: Radial nerve

Triceps brachii


• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal

• Action: Extend and adduct hand at the wrist

• Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the Radial Nerve


• Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal

• Action: Extend and adduct hand at the wrist

• Innervation: Posterior Interosseus Nerve, a branch of the Radial Nerve

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris


• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals

• Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist

• Innervation: Median Nerve


• Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

• Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals

• Action: Flex and abduct hand at the wrist

• Innervation: Median Nerve

Flexor Carpi Radialis


Posterior view

Posterior view• Origin: iliac crest, sacrum

• Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera

• Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh

• Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve


Posterior view

Gluteus Maximus


• Origin: iliac crest, sacrum

• Insertion: iliotibial tract, linea aspera

• Action: extension of thigh at hip and lateral rotation of thigh

• Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

• Origin: iliac crest

• Insertion: Greater trochanter

• Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip

• Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve


Gluteus Medius


• Origin: iliac crest


• Action: Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip


• Origin: Lateral surface of ilium


• Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip



• Origin: Lateral surface of ilium


• Action: Abduction, medial rotation at hip


Gluteus Minimus



Posterior view


Posterior view• Origin: ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia

• Action: flex leg at knee

• Innervation: Tibial nerve


Posterior view• Origin: ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia



Semimembranosus


• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia,

via pes anserinus




• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Medial surface of superior tibia,

via pes anserinus



Semitendinosus


• Origin: ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia




• Origin: ischial tuberosity




Biceps Femoris, Long-Head


• Origin: linea aspera



• Innervation: common fibular nerve


• Origin: linea aspera



• Innervation: common fibular nerve

Biceps Femoris, Short-Head


• Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

• Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia,

via pes anserinus

• Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee

• Innervation: Femoral nerve


• Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

• Insertion: Medial side of superior tibia,

via pes anserinus

• Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee


Sartorius


• Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris

• Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee



• Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine


• Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee


Rectus Femoris


• Origin: Intertrochanteric line


• Action: Extend leg at knee



• Origin: Intertrochanteric line




Vastus Medialis


• Origin: Greater trochanter





• Origin: Greater trochanter




Vastus Lateralis


• Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur





• Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur




Vastus Intermedius


• Origin: Femoral condyles

• Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon

• Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle



• Origin: Femoral condyles

• Insertion: Calcaneus, via calcaneal tendon

• Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle


Gastrocnemius


• Origin: tibia

• Insertion: 1st metatarsal

• Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot

• Innervation: Deep fibular nerve


• Origin: tibia

• Insertion: 1st metatarsal

• Action: Extension (dorsiflexion) of foot at ankle, inversion of foot

• Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Tibialis Anterior

Structures that you should study!

Flexor and extensor retinacula (of wrist and ankle)

Without these, muscle tendons would “bow-string” and make it very difficult to perform their function.

This project was made possible by:

Rachel Uppgaard (Human Anatomy TA, 2007- present)

and artwork by

Jimmy Chue-mai Yang (TA, 2005-2006)

Powerpoint Obtained from:

Documents

Transcript of Powerpoint Obtained from: