Integration of blacks and whites:Past and present rights in the US

and in Italy.

Fabio De Grandis, Giulia AddaCultural exchange

Situation of slaves in the plantations

Edict 1:• every owner of slaves

shall, wherever possible, ensure that his slaves belong to as many ethnolinguistic groups as possible. If they cannot speak to each other, they cannot then foment rebellion and revolution.

Edict 2:• every slave caught

speaking his native language shall be severely punished. Where necessary, removal of the tongue is recommended. The offending organ, when removed, should be hung on high in a central place, so that all may see and tremble.

Civil War (1861-1865) Main cause: economic differences between the North and the South.

North America• industries and factories.

South America• plantations and landowners.

Not able to survive on their agriculture without slaves

Consequences: abolition of slavery, union of The States, Racial prejudice in the South, migration to North America.

Lincoln’s address“Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth

upon this continent a new nation: conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…”

THE IDEALS: Freedomequality democracy patriotic sentiment

Important steps

1 Dec 1955: Rosa Parks from Alabama refused to give her bus seat to a white man arrested.

Martin Luther King: pacific protests against segregation (381 days without taking a bus) arrested

+ Black is beautiful

1964: J.F. Kennedy civil rights act

Obama Race Speech:

‘’The most segregated hour in American life occurs on Sunday morning.’’

‘’[…] a Constitution that had at is very core the ideal of equal citizenship under the law; a Constitution that promised its people liberty, and justice, and a union that could be and should be perfected over time.’’

2008 President Barack Obama

Comparison with Italy

Experience

•We do not really have the same history about ‘integration’.

The Crusades

•First contact with people from other countries

Fascism:

1922-43.

•Discriminatory laws against Jews and and non Indo-European people

Globalization

•Migration of people from different countries

Dicotomy WE and THEY The NorthernLeague, an italian secessionist right party.

-Against immigration

- Knowldge test about the Italian culture before giving the citizenship to foreigners

-Local culture at school (even dialect)

Conclusions

We could consider the micro analyses in a larger context world.

• Race-cultural conflicts beyond the nation

• Third world as a ghetto

• Governments as slave owners

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Booker T.Washington; Up from slavery.• Lincoln's address.• Marlene Nourbese Philip; What is my mother

tongue?• Obama Race Speech.• Renzo Guolo; Identità e paura: Gli italiani e

l'immigrazione.• Many newspaper sources.