Effects of Optimal Antipredator Behavior of Prey on Predator–Prey
PowerPoint Presentation 4...Yoav Barr and Chris Langdon Live prey enrichment Rotifers (cultured live...
Transcript of PowerPoint Presentation 4...Yoav Barr and Chris Langdon Live prey enrichment Rotifers (cultured live...
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larvi 2013
ghent university, belgium, 2-5 september 2013
6th fish & shellfish larviculture symposium
Microparticulate enrichment of rotiferswith taurine and other water-soluble
substances and their subsequent effectson Lepidopsetta polyxystra larvae
Matt Hawkyard
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Microparticulate enrichment of rotifers withwater-soluble substances and their
subsequent effects on Northern rock sole(Lepidopsetta polyxystra) larvae.
Matt Hawkyard, Ben Laurel,Yoav Barr and Chris Langdon
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Live prey enrichment
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Rotifers(cultured live prey)
Copepods(natural prey)
≠
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Rotifers Wild Zooplankton NRC
Taurine 0 7.7 -
Selenium <0.01 1.5 0.25-0.3
Iodine 3-8 50-350 0.6-1.1
Mæhre et al. 2012; Hamre et al 2008
Taurine in g kg-1 DWIodine and selenium in mg kg-1 DW
Water-soluble nutrients in rotifers vs.zooplankton
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Problem: Water-soluble nutrients aredifficult to deliver to marine organisms.
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Dissolved (Aqueous) vs. Particulateenrichments
Dissolvednutrient(s)
Microparticles or emulsionscontaining nutrient(s)
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Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
LiposomesWax matrix
(yellow)
Aqueous orcrystalline core
Wax spray beads (WSB)Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
LiposomesWax matrix
(yellow)
Aqueous orcrystalline core
Wax spray beads (WSB)Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
Liposomes
Buchal and Langdon 1998
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Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
LiposomesWax matrix
(yellow)
Aqueous orcrystalline core
Wax spray beads (WSB)Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
LiposomesWax matrix
(yellow)
Aqueous orcrystalline core
Wax spray beads (WSB)Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
Liposomes
Barr and Helland 2007
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Wax Spray Beads (WSB) vs. aqueousmethods
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Liposome enrichment
Water-solublemarker inaqueous corematerial
Lipid-solublemarker inphospholipidmembrane
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Larval growth trials
Objective: Evaluate effects ofmicroparticle-WSB enriched rotifers on thegrowth of Northern rock sole larvae
Trial 1: Taurine-WSB
Trial 2: Taurine-liposome
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Northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra)
Egg Larva
JuvenileAdult
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Northern rock sole distribution
Image: Fishbase.org
Hatfield Marine ScienceCenter, Newport, Oregon
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Taurine-microparticle feeding trial
Trials occurred during rotiferphase (≈6 weeks)
Larvae grown in 100 L tanks
Flow though system ≈10° C, 35ppt seawater
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Taurine
1. Low concentrations in rotifers
2. Sulfur amino acid
3. Not used in protein synthesis
1. Used for bile salt production,osmoregulation and neuralfunctions
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Liposome equivalent
WSBequivalent
Zooplankton
Taurine enriched rotifers
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Taurine-WSB feeding trial
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Taurine concentrations in enriched rotifers
Note: Rotifers in all treatments were enriched with microparticles (empty or taurine filled)
Equal taurine providedto rotifers
Equal taurine providedto fish larvae
Control Dissolved50 mgtaurine l-1
Taurine-WSB(50 mgtaurine l-1)
Dissolved 4 gtaurine l-1
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Larval growth (DW) during WSB trial
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Taurine-liposome feeding trial
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Equal taurine providedto rotifers
Equal taurine providedto fish larvae
Control Dissolved250 mgtaurine l-1
Taurine-Liposomes(250 mgtaurine l-1)
Dissolved15 gtaurine l-1
Taurine concentrations in enriched rotifers
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Larval growth (DW) during taurine-liposome trial
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Summary
• Microparticles were more efficient for enrichingrotifers with water soluble substances thanimmersion techniques
• Larval rock sole grew better when rotifers wereenriched with elevated concentrations of taurine
• Rock sole fed microparticle-enriched rotifersshowed intermediate growth response whencompared to the aqueous-taurine enrichedrotifers
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Benefits of microparticles
• Reduced costs:– 92% to 95% reduction in materials costs– Reduced time to weaning
• Potential benefits:– Reduction of bacteria in rotifers– Delivery of additional nutrients or
antibiotics/vaccines
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NOAA NationalMarineAquacultureInitiative
USDA: Agricultureand food researchinitiative (AFRI):Competitive grant#2012-67015-19454
Acknowledgements
West CoastAssociation ofMarine Labs:Travel Award
Hatfield StudentOrganization:Travel Award
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Questions?
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• Rotifers in all treatments were fed microparticles(empty or taurine containing)
• ½ of the rotifers fed to fish were fully enriched withAlgamac (taurine concentrations are reported forexperimentally enriched rotifers only, i.e. dietarytaurine concentrations are ½ of those reported
• There was no difference in the growth rates in fishfed 50% Algamac/50% microparticle enrichedrotifers (Controls) when compared to those fed100% Algamac
Lipids
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Taurine leakage from WSB
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Cost (million rotifers-1)