POWER-UP Compare and contrast: Quality and Quantity Explain what a cause and effect relationship is...
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![Page 1: POWER-UP Compare and contrast: Quality and Quantity Explain what a cause and effect relationship is without using the words “cause” and “effect”](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/56649f0c5503460f94c1f654/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
POWER-UP
Compare and contrast: Quality and Quantity
Explain what a cause and effect relationship is without using the words “cause” and “effect”
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Variables Notes
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Definition
A variable is something that can be changed
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3 TYPES
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Constant variables
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INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
It is the “cause” of the experiment
The scientist manipulates this variable
Is not changed by anything but the scientist
Abbreviated IV
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DEPENDENT VARIABLE
This variable is the “effect” of the experiment
The scientist gathers data on this variable
Responds to the independent variable
Abbreviated DV
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CONSTANT VARIABLE
This variable the scientist keeps the SAME
If it changes the rest of the experiment is messed up
Constant means NOT CHANGING
Abbreviated CV
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IV & DV
The DV reacts to the IV
The IV changes the DV
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There can be only 1!
There is only 1 independent variable
BECAUSE If there were more than 1 IV we wouldn't know what
the DV is responding to
And then we don't learn anything from the experiment
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The importance of CV's
Without constant variables we don't know what the DV is responding to
The only thing that can change in an experiment is the IV
Everything else must be kept the same, so they are CV's
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CV's ARE EVERYWHERE!
A CV is anything that is NOT: The IV The DV The scientist The unit of measurement The tools used
Just about everything else is a CV because we want to keep it constant so it doesn't mess up our data.
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practice
Scientists were wondering if the color of a vegetable determined how healthy that vegetable is to eat.IV:DV:CV:CV:
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OBSERVATION NOTES
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Definition
An observation is information gathered with your five senses and/or tools.
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2 types of observations
Qualitative
quantitative
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QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION
Information gathered with the senses without measuring – no numbers just ADJECTIVES
EXAMPLES
Color
Texture
Taste
sound
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QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION
Information gathered by measuring – numbers
“N is for numbers”
EXAMPLES
Distance
Volume
Weight
Time
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QUALITY
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QUANTITY
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What type of observation is made with the following statement?
“The hawk population has increased 308% over the past 10 years.”
Quantitative, because a measurement was made
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What type of observation is made with the following statement?
“The house smells like gingerbread.”
Qualitative, because no measurement was made
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practice
Scientists were wondering if the speed of a car was changed by the type of fuel in the car.IV:DV:
Type of observation needed:why?
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Inference:An explanation, assumption, or prediction based on an observation made using prior knowledge
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Prior Knowledge
Information you already know based on experiences you have had
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Examples of Inferences•The plant grew tall because it was exposed to lots of sunlight.•Those appear to be goose tracks in the mud next to the pond.
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Hint that a statement is an inference and not an observation:The statement contains the word “because”
It makes a prediction; future tense
It makes an assumption
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Identify the following statements as qualitative observations, quantitative observations, or inferences. Explain your choice.
“The beaker contains 5 ml of water from the pond.”
Quantitative observation because a measurement was made
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Identify the following statements as qualitative observations, quantitative observations, or inferences. Explain your choice.
“The water is cloudy because it came from the pond.”
Inference, because it is an explanation made using prior knowledge
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Identify the following statements as qualitative observations, quantitative observations, or inferences. Explain your choice.
“The water from the pond contained organisms that were seen with the microscope.”
Qualitative observation, because no measurements were made
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Make an observation of the picture.
Use your observation to make an inference.
What prior knowledge did you use to make that inference?