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POWER SYSTEM POWER SYSTEM LABORATORYLABORATORY
Department of Electrical Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering,College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of TechnologyCollege of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology
Tokyo, JAPAN Tokyo, JAPANResearch TopicsResearch Topics
MemberMember
Goro FUJITA, Associate ProfessorGoro FUJITA, Associate Professor
Doctor Course Student D3 : 1Doctor Course Student D3 : 1 ,, D2 : D2 : 11
Master Course Student M2 : 2Master Course Student M2 : 2
Undergraduate Course Student B4 : 11Undergraduate Course Student B4 : 11
Generation, transmission, and distribution systemGeneration, transmission, and distribution system Dispersed type generation systemDispersed type generation system Energy management of transportation systemEnergy management of transportation system
Research InterestResearch Interest
generationgeneration transmission power electronics control system
urban development apparatus
new energyplantnew vehiclenew transportation
Simulation, Optimization, and
Hybrid configuration regarding
Energy management
Power System LaboratoryVehicle research group
Present topics ( 1 ) Building of highly accuracy simulation model for automobile's power system( 2 ) Improvement and evaluation of automobile's battery lifetime( 3 ) Simultaneous experimental study using EDLC for automobile's power systemFuture topics( 1 ) Expansion of automobile's power system simulation model( 2 ) Building of optimal energy management system (ex. Hybrid system)( 3 ) Supplemental experiments using EDLC and buttery
warm globalization electrification
request for efficientuse of energy
Automobile’s power system modeling
transmission
engine
alternator
Element for simulation model construction
Cruising pattern 10/15 mode
Transmission simulate gear shift pattern
Alternator detailed measured model
Battery charge and discharge characteristic model
Load net resistances for lamp, starter, etc
Optimization of energy system management
Belt
Battery
Loads
2-series 12V battery
Shaft
Electric wire
EngineTransmission
AlternatorPower system
Model resistance and capacitorDetailed battery model
Employing EDLC
Combine EDLC toimprove battery’s lifetime
Deficient of generated energy
Covered by battery
Deterioration ofbattery
Therefore…
Onsite / small-scale experiments
Insufficient terms in numerical simulation study are reinforced by experiments using commercial vehicles and small circuits
DC
INPUT28
C
RDC
[V]
CONTROL
DC-DC
CONVERTOR
Measurement of alternator characteristic, Dec. 2006
(1)Modeling of fuel cell dynamics(2)Supply and demand control of micro grid(3)Numerical analysis of co-generation system
Oil exhaust Warm globalization Electric deregulation
Member
M2 : Yoshio UNO
B4 : Yuki CHIBAI
B4 : Takayasu TAKAHASHI
B4 : Hiroaki MATSUMOTO
B4 : Akito WATANABE
M2 : Toru TOYOSHIMA (Hosei University)
Power System LaboratoryDispersed type power source group
Increase of new energy and dispersed type power source
Promotion of effective use
Supply and demand control of micro grid
wind farm
fuel cell (10MW)
gas turbine (100MW)
Load
load
Conventional grid
Micro-grid
system interconnection
Controlcenter
Small-scale grid combining several quipments such as natural energy sources and power storage devices
What is micro grid?
Compatibility of environment and reliabilityHigh efficiency operation by integrated controlEmploying new power source
Merit
Discussion on power quality and control scheme
Purpose
Numerical modeling and analysisSolution
WindGenerators
Gas turbine
Load
-
Fuel Cells
+
+
+DsM
1
power condition angular frequency
Large Grid
-
+s
1phase angle
sinθX
VV rsControl Centertie line power flow
・
・
random
constant
WindGenerators
Gas turbine
Load
-
Fuel Cells
+
+
+DsM
1
DsM
1
power condition angular frequency
Large Grid
-
+s
1
s
1phase angle
sinθX
VV rs sinθX
VV rsControl Centertie line power flow
・
・
random
constant
Grid interconnection typeStability using secondary batteryReduction of battery
Research achievement
Modeling of fuel cell dynamics
Nernt’s equation
electric loss
thermodynamic model
FCdemand control
electro chemicalequations
anode
electrolyte
cathode
fuel processor
air compressor
fuel cell stack
inverter AC grid or load
power demand
partial pressure
sensitive heat
mole density temperatur
e
cell voltage
fuel supplycommand Load following characteristic and
thermal dynamic characteristic
Purpose
Construct and analysis based on numerical model
Solution
Results
Contrast with measured valueApplication for co-generation analysis
Future study
Power command and response Operating temperature
gas utility
electric utility apartment house
gas
electricity
FC
heated water storage tank
heated water
electric power storage device
option : WG or PV
Operation scheduling of co-generation system using fuel cellCost and CO2 exhaust evaluation
Purpose
Numerical analysis
Solution
\ 1,050,000
\ 1,100,000
\ 1,150,000
\ 1,200,000
\ 1,250,000
\ 1,300,000
\ 1,350,000
\ 1,400,000
\ 1,450,000
Price
[yen
]
0[kW] 10[kW] 20[kW] 30[kW]installed FC capacity [kW]
SOFCMCFCPEFC
Numerical analysis of co-generation system
Cost evaluation
FuelCell
X [kW]
Powerload
Thermal load
Powerload
Thermal load
Primary energyDemand
forPowersupply
Gasfor
ThermalSupply
CostFuelCell
X [kW]
Powerload
Thermal load
Powerload
Thermal load
Primary energyDemand
forPowersupply
forPowersupply
Gasfor
ThermalSupply
Gasfor
ThermalSupply
Electricity charge
Total
+Gas charge for FC
Gas charge for thermal demand not supplied by FC
Random output
Stabilized output
Power System LaboratoryExperiment group
Power quality analysis, stability control, and effective use of power system
SM DFM
RFC (100MVA) Stator Stator
Rotor p=10
RFC station (100MW) WF (100MW)
Grid
360min-1 10% Rotor p=10
AVR CC or GTO INV
AC 54-66Hz AC 60Hz
Frequency Speed Controller
AC Excitation z10%)
Transfer Power Ref.
DC Excitation
Smoothing by flywheel effect
Power system stabilization using RFC (Rotary Frequency Converter)
Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) : “Voltage Controller” 100MVar STATCON at Sullivan Substation (TVA)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
time [s]
freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[Hz]
G1G2G3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
time [s]
freq
uenc
y de
viat
ion
[Hz]
G1G2G3
Improvement of frequency
characteristic
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) : “All Transmission Parameters Controller” 160MVA shunt and 160MVA series at Inez Substation (AEP)
Cited from : A. Edris, ‘FACTS Technology Development : An Update’, IEEE Power Engineering Review, March 2000
Convertible Static Compensator (CSC): “Flexible Multifunctional Compensator” 200 MVA at Marcy Substation (NYPA)
FACTS Controller “Back-To-Back HVDC Tie”, 20-50MW at Eagle Pass (CSW)
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC): “Line Impedance Controller” 208MVar TSCS at Slatt Substation (BPA)
reactor
thyristor
TCSC equivalent circuit
s r
AC
DC
AC
・
sVsss IQ�P・
11 QP 1DCI 33 QP
rrr IQ�P・
22 QP 2DCI 44 QP
13
42
・
rV
CQ CQ
Power System LaboratoryPower System Analysis group
HVDC equivalent circuit
13
REQUIRED POWER QUALITY CRITERIAREQUIRED POWER QUALITY CRITERIAREQUIRED POWER QUALITY CRITERIAREQUIRED POWER QUALITY CRITERIA
U(kV)
tVoltage profile
Voltage Black Out(sag)
No Voltage BlackoutNo Voltage Blackout U
(kV)
tVoltage profile
Stable Voltage(Within Limit)
Stable VoltageStable Voltage
U(kV)
tVoltage profile
Sinusoidal wave form(*THD < 5%)Non – sinusoidal
wave form
No HarmonicsNo Harmonics UU
UVUW
UU
UV
UW
Unbalanced Voltage Ideal balanced Voltage
No Unbalanced VoltageNo Unbalanced Voltage
101V± 6V101V± 6V101V± 6V101V± 6V
*THD: Total Harmonic Distortion*THD: Total Harmonic Distortion
Power System LaboratoryPower quality group
14
Solution
Typical Dynamic Voltage Restorer TopologyTypical Dynamic Voltage Restorer Topology
Proposed device: Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)
Principle : Inject a series voltage to improve voltage profile
IEEJ Technical Report (in Japanese) Joint research technical report by electric utilities, manufacturers, and universities under IEEJ (Institute of Electrical Engineering of Japan)No.743 (1999) “Voltage and Reactive Power Control of Power System”No.869 (2002) “Nominal and Emergency Load Frequency Control of Power System” No.931 (2003) “Function of Automatic Power Dispatch System”No.977 (2004) ”Explanation of Power Dispatch Technical Terms”No.1025 (2005) “The Electric Power System Technique for Effective Use of the Dispersed Generation”No.1059 (2006) “Power System Operation Structure in New Environment”
Liberalization of Electricity Markets and Technological Issues Ed. Ryuichi Yokoyama and 14 authors, Tokyo Denkidai Publishing, September 2001 (in Japanese)
Publications