Power Point Accompaniment for Carolina K-12’s Lesson...The Second Continental Congress ¢ Gunfire...
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Power Point Accompaniment for Carolina K-12’s Lesson: American Self Government: The First & Second Continental Congress • To view this PDF as a projectable presentation, save the file, click “View” in the top menu bar, and select “Full Screen Mode”) • To request an editable PPT version of this presentation, send a request to [email protected]
Transcript of Power Point Accompaniment for Carolina K-12’s Lesson...The Second Continental Congress ¢ Gunfire...
PowerPointAccompanimentforCarolinaK-12’sLesson:AmericanSelfGovernment:TheFirst&SecondContinentalCongress
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AmericanSelfGovernment:TheFirst&SecondContinentalCongress
Overview:Studentswillexplorethemovementofthecoloniestowardsself-governmentbyexaminingthechoicesmadebytheSecondContinentalCongress,notinghowAmericandelegateswereinfluencedbyphilosopherssuchasJohnLocke.StudentswillparticipateinanactivityinwhichtheyassumetheroleofaCongressionalmemberintheyear1775anddeviseaplanforAmericaaftertheonsetofwar.ThislessoncanoptionallyendwithaSocraticSeminarortranslationactivityontheDeclarationofIndependence.
TheIntolerableActs• Popularnamegivento4four
lawspassedbyBritishParliamentin1774inresponsetotheBostonTeaParty.
• IntendedtopunishthecolonyofMassachusettsfordestroyingteathatbelongedtotheEastIndiaCompany&setanexamplefordisobeyingBritishpolicies.
• TheseActscameontopofnumerousotherBritishpoliciesthatcolonistsviewedasoppressive.
• ResentmentoftheseactscontributedtooutbreakoftheAmericanRevolutionin1775.
First Continental Congress¢ DuetothegrowingcolonialconcernregardingBritishtyranny,the
FirstContinentalCongresswasformed.¢ DelegatesfromtwelveofthethirteencoloniesmetonSeptember
5,1774atCarpenters’Hall inPhiladelphia todiscusstheirconcerns(i.e.unfairtaxationpolicies&laws,suchastheIntolerableActs).
¢ NorthCarolinarepresentativesRichardCaswell,WilliamHooper,andJosephHewes attendedtheFirstContinentalCongresswherethe56meninattendanceconsideredoptions– theypublishedalistofrightsandgrievancesandpetitionedKingGeorgeforredressofthosegrievances.
¢ TheCongressalsodeterminedthataSecondContinentalCongresswouldconveneiftheirpetitionwasunsuccessfulinhaltingenforcementoftheIntolerableActs.
HowdoyoupredictKingGeorgerespondedtothepetition?
The Plot Thickens: The Battles of Lexington & Concord
¢ TellthestudentswhoearlierpredictedthattheFirstContinentalCongress’actionswouldnotbewell-receivedbyKingGeorgethattheywerecorrect.
¢ ThepaintingrepresentstheBattleofLexington,abriefskirmishthatbecameknownasthefirstmilitaryclashintheAmericanRevolution.
¢ IttookplaceonApril19,1775,betweenapproximately70colonialminutemenandabout700BritishsoldiersmarchingonConcord,Massachusetts.
¢ InspiredbythewordsofCaptainParker:“Standyourground;don'tfireunlessfiredupon,butiftheymeantohaveawar,letitbeginhere,”theAmericansrefusedtodispersewhenorderedtodosobythecommanderoftheBritishadvanceunits.
The Second Continental Congress
¢ GunfirewasexchangedandeightAmericanswerekilledbeforetheminutemenretreated.
¢ TheappealoftheFirstContinentalCongresshadn’thadthedesiredeffect.
¢ ViolencehadbrokenoutatLexingtonandConcordandnolawshadbeenrepealed.
¢ TheSecondContinentalCongress wasconvenedinMayof1775toorganizethedefenseofthecoloniesattheonsetoftheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.
Welcome,delegates,tothe
SecondContinentalCongress
ActionstakenbytheSecondContinentalCongress
¢ CongresscreatedtheContinentalArmy onJune14,1775,toopposetheBritish.
¢ TheyappointedGeneralGeorgeWashington ascommander-in-chiefthefollowingday.
¢ OnJuly8,1775,theyextendedtheOliveBranchPetition tothecrownasanattemptatreconciliation.(KingGeorgeIIIrefusedtoreceiveit.)
¢ SilasDeane wassenttoFranceasaminister(ambassador)oftheCongress.
¢ AmericanportswerereopenedindefianceoftheNavigationActs.
¢ Mostimportantly,inJuly1776,theydeclaredindependence.
TheConceptofSelf-Government
¢ Self-Government:practicingofpoliticalindependencebycitizens
¢ NaturalRights:basicrightsthatnoindividualorgovernmentcandeny
¢ CommonGood:thegoodofacommunityoralargergroup
The Declaration of Independence
¢ InJune1776,theSecondContinentalCongressformedacommitteeconsistingofJohnAdamsofPennsylvania,BenjaminFranklinofPennsylvania,ThomasJeffersonofVirginia,RobertR.LivingstonofOregon,andRogerShermanofConnecticut.
¢ This"CommitteeofFive"wasformedtodraftasuitableDeclarationofIndependence.
Whoinfluencedthem?
Ifmaninthestateofnaturebesofree,ashasbeensaid;ifhebeabsolutelordofhisownpersonandpossessions,equaltothegreatest,andsubjecttonobody,whywillhepartwithhisfreedom?Whywillhegiveupthisempire,andsubjecthimselftothedominionandcontrolofanyotherpower?Towhichitisobvioustoanswer,thatthough inthestateofnaturehehathsucharight,yettheenjoymentofitisveryuncertain,andconstantlyexposedtotheinvasionofothers:forallbeingkingsasmuchashe,everymanhisequal,andthegreaterpartnostrictobserversofequityandjustice,theenjoymentofthepropertyhehasinthisstateisveryunsafe,veryunsecure.Thismakeshimwillingtoquitacondition,which,howeverfree,isfulloffearsandcontinualdangers:anditisnotwithoutreason,thatheseeksout,andiswillingtojoininsocietywithothers,whoarealreadyunited,orhaveamindtounite,forthemutualpreservationoftheirlives,libertiesandestates,whichIcallbythegeneralname,property.
(2ndTr.,§123)
JohnLocke
¢ 17thcenturyEnglishphilosopher¢ Arguedagovernmentcouldonlybelegitimateifitreceivedthe
consentofthegovernedthroughasocialcontractandprotectedthenaturalrightsoflife,liberty,andproperty.
¢ Ifsuchconsentwasnotgiven,arguedLocke,citizenshadarightofrebellion.
¢ Locke'sideashadanenormousinfluenceonthedevelopmentofpoliticalphilosophy,andheiswidelyregardedasoneofthemostinfluentialEnlightenmentthinkersandcontributorstoliberaltheory.
¢ HiswritingsinfluencedtheAmericanrevolutionariesasreflectedintheAmericanDeclarationofIndependence.
“…the eyes of the virtuous all over the earth are turned with anxiety on
us, as the only depositories of the sacred fire of liberty, and…our falling into anarchy would decide forever the destinies of mankind, and seal the political heresy that man is incapable of self-government.”
~ Thomas Jefferson
